阅读理解
图片预览
文档简介
一、考点聚焦
1、题型特点
阅读是理解和吸收书面信息的能力。《中学英语教学大纲》规定，中学生应侧重培养阅读理解能力。
阅读材料的选取原则为：
（1）阅读量不少于1000个单词。近三年超过2000字篇数为5篇，读速要求为44.2，44.6和46.3wpm。
（2）题材多样化，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、史地、经济、新闻报道乃至广告说明。
（3）体裁避免单一化，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等。
2、试题要求
（1）掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
（2）既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。
（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。
（4）既理解某句、某段的意义也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。
（5）能根据材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识正确判断生词的含义。
3、基本能力
（1）能迅速看准每句的结构，抓住主句的主语、谓语、宾语。
（2）有一定的词汇量和辨词能力。
（3）能灵活运用所学语法知识，根据句中的某个词迅速断定真假、语态和时态等。
（4）对英美文化背景知识有一定了解。
（5）有良好的思维能力，能边看边加工所得到的信息，从而作出正确分析、判断和综合。
（6）有平时大量阅读作基础，有一定的语感和相当的阅读速度。
二、应试技巧点拨
1、四个步骤
（1）速读短文，了解短文的主旨大意，辨别文体，掌握结构。
（2）看题。了解考查内容，带着问题读材料，寻找答案。
（3）复读。对所选答案有针对性地寻找支撑论点的关键信息。
（4）核查。注意各题的答案应逻辑一致，不能自相矛盾。尽可能找到（从文中）根据，确保正确无误。
2、四个善于
（1）关于审题，找出文中依据。（2）善于寻找线索。
（3）善于抓主题句，解决概括题。4）善于筛选、比较、衡量、综合文章的有用信息。
3、三个避免
（1）只见树木不见林。（2）难题耗时太多。（3）阅读方式不当。
高中英语考试的阅读题虽然能看得懂，但是经常选错，如何应对？这就是没有掌握作题技巧导致的。搞清楚题目是什么类型，用什么方法应对就迫在眉睫了。知己知彼百战不殆。题目大体有以下四种类型：事实细节题，主旨大意题，推理判断题，猜测词义题。
事实细节题。
即通过阅读全文，对文中叙述的事实、细节进行理解或判断。此类题型一般分两种。一种是考查原文细节本身，一种是考查某些细节在文中的意义。细节题有常见的几种表现形式：例证题（文中举例的作用），是非判断题，数字和年代，和一些细节内容（what,wher,who,how,which,why）常见的问题形式有：
①Which of thefollowing statements is true/false
②Which of thefollowing shows the right order of....
③According tothe passage...,the author mentions...
注意：有时问题会采用反向思维，题中含有not或except等否定词，如：
④The authormentions all of the following except...
⑤All of thefollowing statements are true except...
高中英语事实细节题的解题技巧并举例：
原文定位法，可参见学而思名师王培同老师的阅读理解六字诀。解答细节理解性题时，不能脱离原文，不能想当然地依赖自己的文化背景知识，而应该在文章中找出相应出处，并根据相应出处的信息作选择。使用定位法可以增加准确度。
（2）对关键词语提高敏感度，时间、地点、人物，并圈出来，以便做题时回头再推敲。
（3）注意识别指代词语。为避免重复，文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语，如同义词、近义词、代词等。
例如：（2009山东，B）
FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product___A___
A if it is a drug B if it is a device
C if its consumers make complaints
D if itsdistributors challenge FDA's authority
定位在文章第二段第二句话至第二段结束：
If the product is adrug,FDA(Food and Drug Administration)can require prroof...
But if the productis a device, FDA has no authority to require...
If a product alreadyon the market is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer ordistributor to...
文章大意：一些所谓的塑身，健身，等的商品广告，商家和促销商仅仅是为了挣钱，而实际结果令人怀疑，有些还会有害于健康。所引原文意思是FDA 食品和药品管理局对drug，device，和 a product already on the market 是否有权利检验这三类商品的安全性。
解题：根据所引第一句话便可知，FDA有权对drug 实施检验，所以A选项正确。B选项，显然错误，无权检查device（设备）。C选项成为了A选项的干扰项，因为所引第三句话暗示了已投放市场的商品被市场检验为有危害性时，FDA也可以检验此商品。考生便想当然的认为消费者对商品抱怨就是文中所说的商品投放市场后安全被质疑。更有甚者，大家理所当然的按照自己的生活常识也认为此选项再正确不过。实则不然，文中没有这样说，就不能这样想，更不能这样做题。D选项说，当促销商威胁到FDA的权利时。这是生拉硬拽出来的选项，文中提到促销商，也提到权利，但文中就两者关系只字未提。这也是出题者臆造出来做为干扰项的。
由此可知，做题不仅要细心，还要具有思辨的能力。
主旨和大意题。
即句、段、篇主旨和大意理解性问题。题目要求阅读短文后能正确理解文中句、段、篇的主题思想或主要论点。这种题型主要是考查学生领悟文章大意和归纳、概括文章主题的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类问题属于全局性问题，常见的问题形式有：
①The purposeof this passage is probably to tell...
②The author isprimarily concerned with...
③The writer ofthe article mainly wants to tell us...
④Which of thefollowing best describes the main point of the passage
⑤Which of thefollowing titles best summarizes the content of the passage
⑥Themain(central)idea/The best title/The main fact of the story suggests...
主旨和大意题的解题技巧：
首先要找出文章的主题句，了解文章的主题和中心观点，其他句子则为支撑句或扩展句，是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。
（2）灵活运用细读、跳读和略读等技巧，特别要注意第一段和最后一段，通常第一段包含文章要阅述的观点，而最后一段往往是文章的结论性的观点。同时，要注意每一段的头一句话，因为这一句话往往是理解这一段的主要内容和回答问题的关键。
（3）学会归纳概括。不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾，放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上，放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。同时，要注意由in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等“信号词”引导的句子。但必须注意，不要以部分代整体，也不要过度概括。
例如：（2009宁夏·海南，全国Ⅰ，D）
The main purpose ofthe text is to tell parents__D__
A how to get alongwith a teenager B how to respect a teenager
C how to understanda teenager D how to help ateenager grow up
解题：
这是一篇议论文，给父母提供了再教育孩子方面的建议；尊重孩子隐私，教会孩子节制。文章第一段最后一句话已经点明主旨，通读全文也知本文的目的是帮助青少年成长。
A、C 选项是文中意思的引伸，是过度概括。B 原文是Expect a lot from a child, just noteverything.是expect，不是respect。细心做题，万万不可粗心大意，后悔药没的买啊。
推理判断题。即综合概括、推导结论、推理判断。主要是检测考生能否通过文章的字面意思去领悟作者的言外之意。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上，对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。这种题型属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。常见的题干有：
①Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
或It can be inferred(推理) from the passage that...
②The author implies(暗示)...
③From this passage,we can draw a conclusion that...或We can conclude from the paragraph that...
这类考题中常出现的词有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate,conclude,learn from,probably, most, likely, can, could, may, might.
推理判断题的解题技巧：
在原文中找不到根据的推理，也不能妄加猜测，对表面信息做多步推理，必须忠实与原文，一是要站在作者的角度去仔细思考推断，切忌加入自己的主观片面的想法和想象推断。
（2）一定记住两点：；一是有些选项，推断出的内容离原文意义太远，找不到确切根据，一定不是答案；二是文章中出现过的原意和原句虽然没错，但不是推断出的内容，肯定不是答案。
例如：（2009北京，A）
For the first two years in New York, the author____
A often lost her way B did not think about her future
C studied in three different schools D get on well with her stepfather
涉及原文：
For the first two years in New York I was really lost－having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other.I often sad, and saw no end to "the hard times".
文章大意：这篇文章的题目是How I Turned to Be Optimistic，作者离开自己的国家到美国开始新生活，面对前几年的凄凉境遇，作者学会乐观面对人生，坚信只要能坚持下去，一切都会好起来。
解题：此篇阅读有5个问题，第一为事实细节题，后四个都是推理判断题，此题不难但容易做错。
A选项是干扰项，巧妙的偷换了概念，从lost （迷茫）摇身一变成 lost one's way（迷路）。
B 错的不在her future，而是在 think about。作者是失去自我，而不是不去思考自己的将来。
D 若before 一词理解对了，就能得知与继父是在一段时间相处之后才适应了对方。
C 是根据原文判断出，两年来随着家庭搬迁，曾连续在三个学校就读。
猜测词义题。
即要求对文章中个别关键词，难词作出解释。这就要求对通篇文章有较透彻的理解。这类题旨在考查学生根据上下文对灵活变化的词义做出理解判断的能力。常见问题形式有：
①From the context（上下文）,we can guess that the word "xx" means....
②The author uses the word "..." to mean...
③The term "..." means ....
④According to the passage,"XX"probably means....
猜测词义题的解题技巧：
必须熟练掌握英语科新课程考试大纲中列出的约3500个词汇与一定数量的短语。
（2）掌握必要的解题技巧。由于所考单词的意义通常超出大纲，所以根据上下文推断词汇的能力显得尤其重要。
（3）上下文可找到替换词。
例如：（2009天津，B）
By saying "language is the tool of my trade",the auther means that____
A she uses English in foreign trade B she is fascinated by languages
C she works as a translator D she is a writer by profession
解题：由文章第一句话I am a writer.和第一段的内容，以及此句的tool（profession 职业，行业，谋生手段）可知，她是个作家。trade 在大纲要求3500个词汇中，且联系上下文便可知，此处是指以写作谋生。
细节理解类
Passage 1(2009年广东，A)
Lisa was running late. Lisa, 25, had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to the platform，Lisa felt weak and tired — maybe it hadn’t been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks.
Several yards away, Frank ,43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer，found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying.
But when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling，“Oh, my God, she fell in！”Frank didn’t hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. “No ! Not you ! ”his girlfriend screamed after him.
She was right to be alarmed. By the time Frank reached Lisa，he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming. The train was about 20 seconds from the station.
It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the arms and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness，felt herself being pulled along the ground，and saw someone else holding her purse.
Lisa thought she’d been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head. And she tried to talk but she couldn’t，and that was when she realized how much pain she was in.
Police and fire officials soon arrived, and Frank told the story to an officer. Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40?minute train ride downtown—just as he had been seconds after the rescue，which made her think about her reaction at the time. “I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die，” she explained.
1．What was the most probable cause for Lisa’s weakness
A. She had run a long way. B. She felt hot in the subway.
C. She had done a lot of work. D. She had donated blood the night before.
2．Why did Jennifer try to stop her boyfriend
A. Because they would miss their train. B. Because he didn’t see the train coming.
C. Because she was sure Lisa was hard to lift. D. Because she was afraid the train would kill him.
3．How did Frank save Lisa
A. By lifting her to the platform. B. By helping her rise to her feet.
C. By pulling her along the ground. D. By dragging her away from the edge.
4．When did Lisa become conscious again
A. When the train was leaving. B. After she was back on the platform.
C. After the police and fire officials came. D. When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.
5. The passage is intended to________.
A. warn us of the danger in the subway B. show us how to save people in the subway
C. tell us about a subway rescue D. report a traffic accident
Passage 2(2009年宁夏·海南，全国Ⅰ，B)
Computer programmer David Jones earns ￡ 35,000 a year designing new computer games，yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card(信用卡). Instead，he has been told to wait another two years，until he is 18. The 16?year?old works for a small firm in Liverpool, where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job. David’s firm releases (推出) two new games for the fast growing computer market each month.
But David’s biggest headache is what to do with his money. Even though he earns a lot, he cannot drive a car, take out a mortgage (抵押贷款), or get credit cars. David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago, a year after leaving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop. “I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs, ”he said. David spends some of his money on records and clothes, and gives his mother 50 pounds a week. But most of his spare time is spent working.
“Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school，”he said. “But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time. I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school. Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway. ”David added：“I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement (退休)is a possibility. You never know when the market might disappear.”
1. In what way is David different from people of his age
A. He often goes out with friends. B. He lives with his mother.
C. He has a handsome income. D. He graduated with six O-levels.
2. What is one of the problems that David is facing now
A. He is too young to get a credit card. B. He has no time to learn driving.
C. He has very little spare time. D. He will soon lose his job.
3. Why was David able to get the job in the company
A. He had done well in all his exams. B. He had written some computer programs.
C. He was good at playing computer games. D. He had learnt to use computers at school.
4. Why did David decide to leave school and start working
A. He received lots of job offers. B. He was eager to help his mother.
C. He lost interest in school studies. D. He wanted to earn his own living.
主旨大意类
Passage 5(2009年全国Ⅱ，A)
I know what you’re thinking: pizza (比萨饼) For breakfast But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a. m. if you want to.
I know lots of women who skip breakfast(不吃早餐), and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it. Some say they don’t have time, others think they’re saving calories (卡路里) , still others just don’t like breakfast food.
But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight. “Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all，” says Katherine Brooking, R. D. , who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it’s loaded with vegetables，and you stick to one small piece.
Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.
So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether，and have just coffee or orange juice. I say，try heating up last night’s leftovers—it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself，“You can always eat it tomorrow, ”I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it...you may save yourself some pre-bed-time calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.
1. The word“ leftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means________.
A. food remaining after a meal B. things left undone
C. meals made of vegetables D. pizza topped with fruit
2. What can we infer from the text
A. Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry. B. Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.
C. There are some easy ways of cooking a meal. D. Eating vegetables helps save energy.
3. According to the last paragraph，it is important to________.
A. eat something for breakfast B. be careful about what you eat
C. heat up food before eating it D. eat calorie-controlled food
4．The text is written mainly for those________.
A. who go to work early B. who want to lose weight C. who stay up late D. who eat before sleep
Passage 6(2009年湖北，C)
When I was seven my father gave me a Timex，ray first watch. I loved it, wore it for years, and haven’t had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago. Why Because I don’t need one. I have a mobile phone and I’m always near someone with an iPod or something like that. All these devices(装置) tell the time — which is why, if you look around, you’ll see lots of empty wrists; sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007.
But while the wise have realized that they don’t need them，others—apparently including some distinguished men of our time — are spending total fortunes on them. Brands such as Rolex, Patek Philippe and Breitling command shocking prices, up to ￡250,000 for a piece.
This is ridiculous. Expensive cars go faster than cheap cars. Expensive clothes hang better than cheap clothes. But these days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches. Expensive watches come with extra functions — but who needs them How often do you dive to 300 metres into the sea or need to find your direction in the area around the South Pole So why pay that much of five years’ school fees for watches that allow you to do these things
If justice were done, the Swiss watch industry should have closed down when the Japanese discovered how to make accurate watches for a five-pound note. Instead the Swiss reinvented the watch ，with the aid of millions of pounds’ worth of advertising, as a message about the man wearing it. Rolexes are for those who spend their weekends climbing icy mountains; a Patek Philippe is for one from a rich or noble family; a Breitling suggests you like to pilot planes across the world.
Watches are now classified as “investments” (投资). A 1994 Patek Philippe recently sold for nearly ￡350,000, while 1960s Rolexes have gone from ￡15,000 to ￡30,000 plus in a year. But a watch is not an investment. It’s a toy for self-satisfaction, a matter of fashion. Prices may keep going up—they’ve been rising for 15 years. But when fashion moves on, the owner of that ￡350,000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Timex.
1. The sales of watches to young people have fallen because they________.
A. have other devices to tell the tim B. think watches too expensive
C. prefer to wear an iPod D. have no sense of time
2. It seems ridiculous to the writer that________.
A. people dive 300 metres into the sea B, expensive clothes sell better than cheap ones
C. cheap cars don’t run as fast as expensive ones
D. expensive watches with unnecessary functions still sell
3. What can be learnt about Swiss watch industry from the passage
A. It targets rich people as its potential customers.
B. It’s hard for the industry to beat its competitors.
C. It wastes a huge amount of money in advertising.
D. It’s easy for the industry to reinvent cheap watches.
4. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Timex or Rolex B. My Childhood Timex
C. Watches Not for Me! D. Watches—a Valuable Collection
推理判断类
Passage 9 (2009年广东，C)
A few years ago I had an “ aha！” moment regarding handwriting.
I had in my hand a sheet of paper with handwritten instructions on it for some sort of editorial task. It occurred at first that I did not recognize the handwriting, and then I realized whose it must be. I finally became aware of the fact that I had been working with this colleague for at least a year, maybe two, and yet I did not recognize her handwriting at that point.
It was a very important event in the computerization of life — a sign that the informal, friendly communication of people working together in an office had changed from notes in pen to instant messages and emails. There was a time when our workdays were filled with little letters, and we recognized one another’s handwriting the way we knew voices or faces.
As a child visiting my father’s office, I was pleased to recognize，in little notes on the desks of his staff，the same handwriting I would see at home in the notes he would leave on the fridge—except that those notes were signed “dad” instead of“ RFW”．
All this has been on my mind because of the talk about The Rise and Fall of Handwriting, a book by Florey. She shows in her book a deep concern about the fall of handwriting and the failure of schools to teach children to write well, but many others argue that people in a digital age can’t be expected to learn to hold a pen.
I don’t buy it.
I don’t want to see anyone cut off from the expressive, personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does. For many a biographer, part of really getting to know their subjects is learning to read their handwriting.
What some people advocate is teaching one of the many attractive handwritings based on the handwriting of 16th?century Italy. That may sound impossibly grand—as if they want kids to learn to draw by copying classical paintings. However, they have worked in many school systems.
1. Why was the author surprised at not recognizing his colleague’s handwriting
A. He had worked with his colleague long enough. B. His colleague’s handwriting was so beautiful.
C. His colleague’s handwriting was so terrible. D. He still had a lot of work to do.
2. People working together in an office used to________.
A. talk more about handwriting B. take more notes on workdays
C. know better one another’s handwriting D. communicate better with one another
3. The author’s father wrote notes in pen________.
A. to both his family and his staff B. to his family in small letters
C. to his family on the fridge D. to his staff on the desk
4．According to the author，handwritten notes________.
A. are harder to teach in schools B. attract more attention
C. are used only between friends D. carry more message
5．We can learn from the passage that the author________.
A. thinks it impossible to teach handwriting B. does not want to lose handwriting
C. puts the blame on the computer D. does not agree with Florey
Passage 10(2009年陕西，B)
When people hear a president speak, they seldom think about others helping to shape the presentation (报告). Today, however，presidents depend on writers such as J. Terry Edmonds to help them communicate (交流) effectively. Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U. S. president；he is also the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for the White House. His is an all-American story of success.
Edmonds grew up in Baltimore, Maryland; his father drove a truck，and his mother worked as a waitress. A great reader, Edmonds showed a gift for writing at his high school，Baltimore City College. After graduating in 1967, Edmonds went on to Morgan State University.
Edmonds began his career in business, with jobs in public relations and communications. He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman (国会议员) from Baltimore. During Bill Clinton’s presidency, he wrote speeches for Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala and worked in a number of jobs in the White House and in governmental departments. President Clinton then appointed(任命) him to the office of director of speechwriting. Following the 2000 elections, Edmonds returned to Morgan State University as the school’s special assistant to the president for 2001—2002.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text
A. Edmonds proved himself to be good at writing at high school.
B. Edmonds graduated from Morgan State University in 1967.
C. Edmonds was the first full-time speechwriter.
D. Edmonds served the White House after 2000.
2. Edmonds entered the world of politics first as________.
A. news secretary for a congressman B. a speechwriter for President Clinton
C. news secretary in the White House D. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala
3. The text is most likely to be found in a book about________.
A. popular science B. historical events C. successful people D. political systems
猜测词义类
Passage 13(2009年广东，B)
We once had a poster competition in our fifth grade art class.
“You could win prizes，” our teacher told us as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard. She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing，“ The first prize is ten dollars. You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster.”
We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten-dollar grand prize, each and every one of us. I’m going to spend mine on candies, one hopeful would announce, while another practiced looking serious, wise and rich.
Everyone in the class made a poster. Some of us used parts of those fancy paper napkins, while others used nothing but colored construction paper. Some of us used big designs, and some of us preferred to gather our art tidily down in one corner of our poster and let the space draw the viewer’s attention to it. Some of us would wander past the good students’ desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness. It was yet another grown-up trick of the sort they seemed especially fond of, making all of us believe we had a fair chance, and then always—always—rewarding the same old winners.
I believe I drew a sailboat, but I can’t say that with any certainty. I made it. I admired it. I determined it to be the very best of all of the posters I had seen，and then I turned it in.
Minutes passed.
No one came along to give me the grand prize, and then someone distracted me, and I probably never would have thought about that poster again.
I was still sitting at my desk, thinking, What poster when the teacher gave me an envelope with a ten-dollar bill in it and everyone in the class applauded for me.
1. What was the teacher’s requirement for the poster
A. It must appear in time. B. It must be done in class.
C. It must be done on a construction sheet. D. It must include the words on the blackboard.
2．The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A. formed an idea for B. made an outline for C. made some space for D. chose some colors for
3. After the teacher’s words, all the students in the class________.
A. looked very serious B. thought they would be rich
C. began to think about their designs D. began to play games
4. After seeing the good students’ designs, some students________.
A. loved their own designs more B. thought they had a fair chance
C. put their own designs in a corner D. thought they would not win the prize
5. We can infer from the passage that the author________.
A. enjoyed grown?up tricks very much B. loved poster competitions very much
C. felt surprised to win the competition D. became wise and rich after the competition
Passage 14(2009年山东，C)
Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled—to $1.01 per pack—smokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” across the country seeking to kick the habit.
This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They’ve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.
The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, the deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.
In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation，a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday. In Charleston, S. C. , where the 7?cent?a?pack tax is the lowest in the nation, the price was $4.78.
The influence is obvious.
In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys — 13. 8%, far below the national average. By comparison,26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky. Other low tax states have similarly depressing teen smoking records.
Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.”
That’s true. But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place. As for today’s adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.
1. The text is mainly about________.
A. the price of cigarettes B. the rate of teen smoking
C. the effect of tobacco tax increase D. the differences in tobacco tax rate
2. What does the author think is a surprise
A. Teen smokers are price sensitive. B. Some states still keep the tobacco tax low.
C. Tobacco taxes improve public health. D. Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise.
3．The underlined word “deter” in Paragraph 3 most probably means________.
A. discourage B. Remove C. benefit D. free
4. Rogers’ attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of________.
A. tolerance B. Unconcern C. doubt D. sympathy
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The new tax will be beneficial in the long run. B. Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.
C. Future generations will be hooked on smoking. D. Adults will depend more on their families.
Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors. When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face, but I pushed them 37 . My mom believed I would learn 38 I was ready. But the 39 never came. 高考资源网
On a Chinese New Year’s Eve, my uncle spoke to me in Chinese, but all I could do was 40 at him, confused, scratching my head. “Still can’t speak Chinese ” He 41 me, “You can’t even buy a fish in Chinatown.”高考资源网
“Hey, this is America, not China. I’ll get some 42 with or without Chinese.” I replied and turned to my mom for 43 .高考资源网
“Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin Xian Yu,” she said, handing over a $20 bill. I 44 the words, running downstairs into the streets of Chinatown.高考资源网
I found the fish 45 surrounded in a sea of customers. “I’d like to buy some fresh fish,” I shouted to the fishman. But he 46 my English words and turned to serve the next customer. The laugh of the people behind increased 47 their impatience. With every 48 , the breath of the dragons（龙）on my back grew stronger---my blood boiling--- 49 me to cry out, “Xian Sheng Yu， please.” “ Very Xian Sheng,” I repeated. The crowd erupted into laughter. My face turned 50 and I ran back home 51 ,expect for the $20 bill I held tightly in my pocket.高考资源网
Should I laugh or cry They’re Chinese. I’m Chinese. I should feel right at 52 Instead , I was the joke , a disgrace（丢脸）to the language.高考资源网
Sometimes , I laugh at my fish 53 , but , in the end .the joke is on 54 . Every laugh is a culture 55 ; every laugh is my heritage （传统）fading away.
高考资源网
A. custom B. games C .characters . D. language
高考资源网
A. ahead B. around C. along D. aside
高考资源网
A. when B. before C. unless D. Until
高考资源网
A. success B. study C. time D. attempt
高考资源网
A. aim B. joke C. nod D. stare
高考资源网
A. cared about B. laughed at C. argued with D. asked after
高考资源网
A. right now B. from now C. at times D. in time
高考资源网
A. decision B. permission C. information D. Preparation
高考资源网
A. repeated B. reviewed C. spelled D. Kept
高考资源网
A. farm B. stand C. pond D. Market
高考资源网
A. guessed B. forgot C. doubted D. Ignored
高考资源网
A. by B. as C. with D. from
高考资源网
A. second B. effort C. desire D. Movement
高考资源网
A. forcing B. allowing C. persuading D. Leading
高考资源网
A. bright B. blank C. pale D. red
高考资源网
A. open-mouthed B. tongue-tied C. empty-handed D. broken-hearted
高考资源网
A. service B. home C. risk D. root
高考资源网
A. trade B. deed C. challenge D. incident
高考资源网
A. it B. us C. me D. Them
高考资源网
A. thrown B. lost C. divided D. Reflected
高考资源网
1、题型特点
阅读是理解和吸收书面信息的能力。《中学英语教学大纲》规定，中学生应侧重培养阅读理解能力。
阅读材料的选取原则为：
（1）阅读量不少于1000个单词。近三年超过2000字篇数为5篇，读速要求为44.2，44.6和46.3wpm。
（2）题材多样化，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、史地、经济、新闻报道乃至广告说明。
（3）体裁避免单一化，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等。
2、试题要求
（1）掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
（2）既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。
（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。
（4）既理解某句、某段的意义也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。
（5）能根据材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识正确判断生词的含义。
3、基本能力
（1）能迅速看准每句的结构，抓住主句的主语、谓语、宾语。
（2）有一定的词汇量和辨词能力。
（3）能灵活运用所学语法知识，根据句中的某个词迅速断定真假、语态和时态等。
（4）对英美文化背景知识有一定了解。
（5）有良好的思维能力，能边看边加工所得到的信息，从而作出正确分析、判断和综合。
（6）有平时大量阅读作基础，有一定的语感和相当的阅读速度。
二、应试技巧点拨
1、四个步骤
（1）速读短文，了解短文的主旨大意，辨别文体，掌握结构。
（2）看题。了解考查内容，带着问题读材料，寻找答案。
（3）复读。对所选答案有针对性地寻找支撑论点的关键信息。
（4）核查。注意各题的答案应逻辑一致，不能自相矛盾。尽可能找到（从文中）根据，确保正确无误。
2、四个善于
（1）关于审题，找出文中依据。（2）善于寻找线索。
（3）善于抓主题句，解决概括题。4）善于筛选、比较、衡量、综合文章的有用信息。
3、三个避免
（1）只见树木不见林。（2）难题耗时太多。（3）阅读方式不当。
高中英语考试的阅读题虽然能看得懂，但是经常选错，如何应对？这就是没有掌握作题技巧导致的。搞清楚题目是什么类型，用什么方法应对就迫在眉睫了。知己知彼百战不殆。题目大体有以下四种类型：事实细节题，主旨大意题，推理判断题，猜测词义题。
事实细节题。
即通过阅读全文，对文中叙述的事实、细节进行理解或判断。此类题型一般分两种。一种是考查原文细节本身，一种是考查某些细节在文中的意义。细节题有常见的几种表现形式：例证题（文中举例的作用），是非判断题，数字和年代，和一些细节内容（what,wher,who,how,which,why）常见的问题形式有：
①Which of thefollowing statements is true/false
②Which of thefollowing shows the right order of....
③According tothe passage...,the author mentions...
注意：有时问题会采用反向思维，题中含有not或except等否定词，如：
④The authormentions all of the following except...
⑤All of thefollowing statements are true except...
高中英语事实细节题的解题技巧并举例：
原文定位法，可参见学而思名师王培同老师的阅读理解六字诀。解答细节理解性题时，不能脱离原文，不能想当然地依赖自己的文化背景知识，而应该在文章中找出相应出处，并根据相应出处的信息作选择。使用定位法可以增加准确度。
（2）对关键词语提高敏感度，时间、地点、人物，并圈出来，以便做题时回头再推敲。
（3）注意识别指代词语。为避免重复，文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语，如同义词、近义词、代词等。
例如：（2009山东，B）
FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product___A___
A if it is a drug B if it is a device
C if its consumers make complaints
D if itsdistributors challenge FDA's authority
定位在文章第二段第二句话至第二段结束：
If the product is adrug,FDA(Food and Drug Administration)can require prroof...
But if the productis a device, FDA has no authority to require...
If a product alreadyon the market is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer ordistributor to...
文章大意：一些所谓的塑身，健身，等的商品广告，商家和促销商仅仅是为了挣钱，而实际结果令人怀疑，有些还会有害于健康。所引原文意思是FDA 食品和药品管理局对drug，device，和 a product already on the market 是否有权利检验这三类商品的安全性。
解题：根据所引第一句话便可知，FDA有权对drug 实施检验，所以A选项正确。B选项，显然错误，无权检查device（设备）。C选项成为了A选项的干扰项，因为所引第三句话暗示了已投放市场的商品被市场检验为有危害性时，FDA也可以检验此商品。考生便想当然的认为消费者对商品抱怨就是文中所说的商品投放市场后安全被质疑。更有甚者，大家理所当然的按照自己的生活常识也认为此选项再正确不过。实则不然，文中没有这样说，就不能这样想，更不能这样做题。D选项说，当促销商威胁到FDA的权利时。这是生拉硬拽出来的选项，文中提到促销商，也提到权利，但文中就两者关系只字未提。这也是出题者臆造出来做为干扰项的。
由此可知，做题不仅要细心，还要具有思辨的能力。
主旨和大意题。
即句、段、篇主旨和大意理解性问题。题目要求阅读短文后能正确理解文中句、段、篇的主题思想或主要论点。这种题型主要是考查学生领悟文章大意和归纳、概括文章主题的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类问题属于全局性问题，常见的问题形式有：
①The purposeof this passage is probably to tell...
②The author isprimarily concerned with...
③The writer ofthe article mainly wants to tell us...
④Which of thefollowing best describes the main point of the passage
⑤Which of thefollowing titles best summarizes the content of the passage
⑥Themain(central)idea/The best title/The main fact of the story suggests...
主旨和大意题的解题技巧：
首先要找出文章的主题句，了解文章的主题和中心观点，其他句子则为支撑句或扩展句，是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。
（2）灵活运用细读、跳读和略读等技巧，特别要注意第一段和最后一段，通常第一段包含文章要阅述的观点，而最后一段往往是文章的结论性的观点。同时，要注意每一段的头一句话，因为这一句话往往是理解这一段的主要内容和回答问题的关键。
（3）学会归纳概括。不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾，放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上，放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。同时，要注意由in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等“信号词”引导的句子。但必须注意，不要以部分代整体，也不要过度概括。
例如：（2009宁夏·海南，全国Ⅰ，D）
The main purpose ofthe text is to tell parents__D__
A how to get alongwith a teenager B how to respect a teenager
C how to understanda teenager D how to help ateenager grow up
解题：
这是一篇议论文，给父母提供了再教育孩子方面的建议；尊重孩子隐私，教会孩子节制。文章第一段最后一句话已经点明主旨，通读全文也知本文的目的是帮助青少年成长。
A、C 选项是文中意思的引伸，是过度概括。B 原文是Expect a lot from a child, just noteverything.是expect，不是respect。细心做题，万万不可粗心大意，后悔药没的买啊。
推理判断题。即综合概括、推导结论、推理判断。主要是检测考生能否通过文章的字面意思去领悟作者的言外之意。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上，对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。这种题型属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。常见的题干有：
①Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
或It can be inferred(推理) from the passage that...
②The author implies(暗示)...
③From this passage,we can draw a conclusion that...或We can conclude from the paragraph that...
这类考题中常出现的词有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate,conclude,learn from,probably, most, likely, can, could, may, might.
推理判断题的解题技巧：
在原文中找不到根据的推理，也不能妄加猜测，对表面信息做多步推理，必须忠实与原文，一是要站在作者的角度去仔细思考推断，切忌加入自己的主观片面的想法和想象推断。
（2）一定记住两点：；一是有些选项，推断出的内容离原文意义太远，找不到确切根据，一定不是答案；二是文章中出现过的原意和原句虽然没错，但不是推断出的内容，肯定不是答案。
例如：（2009北京，A）
For the first two years in New York, the author____
A often lost her way B did not think about her future
C studied in three different schools D get on well with her stepfather
涉及原文：
For the first two years in New York I was really lost－having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other.I often sad, and saw no end to "the hard times".
文章大意：这篇文章的题目是How I Turned to Be Optimistic，作者离开自己的国家到美国开始新生活，面对前几年的凄凉境遇，作者学会乐观面对人生，坚信只要能坚持下去，一切都会好起来。
解题：此篇阅读有5个问题，第一为事实细节题，后四个都是推理判断题，此题不难但容易做错。
A选项是干扰项，巧妙的偷换了概念，从lost （迷茫）摇身一变成 lost one's way（迷路）。
B 错的不在her future，而是在 think about。作者是失去自我，而不是不去思考自己的将来。
D 若before 一词理解对了，就能得知与继父是在一段时间相处之后才适应了对方。
C 是根据原文判断出，两年来随着家庭搬迁，曾连续在三个学校就读。
猜测词义题。
即要求对文章中个别关键词，难词作出解释。这就要求对通篇文章有较透彻的理解。这类题旨在考查学生根据上下文对灵活变化的词义做出理解判断的能力。常见问题形式有：
①From the context（上下文）,we can guess that the word "xx" means....
②The author uses the word "..." to mean...
③The term "..." means ....
④According to the passage,"XX"probably means....
猜测词义题的解题技巧：
必须熟练掌握英语科新课程考试大纲中列出的约3500个词汇与一定数量的短语。
（2）掌握必要的解题技巧。由于所考单词的意义通常超出大纲，所以根据上下文推断词汇的能力显得尤其重要。
（3）上下文可找到替换词。
例如：（2009天津，B）
By saying "language is the tool of my trade",the auther means that____
A she uses English in foreign trade B she is fascinated by languages
C she works as a translator D she is a writer by profession
解题：由文章第一句话I am a writer.和第一段的内容，以及此句的tool（profession 职业，行业，谋生手段）可知，她是个作家。trade 在大纲要求3500个词汇中，且联系上下文便可知，此处是指以写作谋生。
细节理解类
Passage 1(2009年广东，A)
Lisa was running late. Lisa, 25, had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to the platform，Lisa felt weak and tired — maybe it hadn’t been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks.
Several yards away, Frank ,43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer，found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying.
But when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling，“Oh, my God, she fell in！”Frank didn’t hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. “No ! Not you ! ”his girlfriend screamed after him.
She was right to be alarmed. By the time Frank reached Lisa，he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming. The train was about 20 seconds from the station.
It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the arms and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness，felt herself being pulled along the ground，and saw someone else holding her purse.
Lisa thought she’d been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head. And she tried to talk but she couldn’t，and that was when she realized how much pain she was in.
Police and fire officials soon arrived, and Frank told the story to an officer. Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40?minute train ride downtown—just as he had been seconds after the rescue，which made her think about her reaction at the time. “I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die，” she explained.
1．What was the most probable cause for Lisa’s weakness
A. She had run a long way. B. She felt hot in the subway.
C. She had done a lot of work. D. She had donated blood the night before.
2．Why did Jennifer try to stop her boyfriend
A. Because they would miss their train. B. Because he didn’t see the train coming.
C. Because she was sure Lisa was hard to lift. D. Because she was afraid the train would kill him.
3．How did Frank save Lisa
A. By lifting her to the platform. B. By helping her rise to her feet.
C. By pulling her along the ground. D. By dragging her away from the edge.
4．When did Lisa become conscious again
A. When the train was leaving. B. After she was back on the platform.
C. After the police and fire officials came. D. When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.
5. The passage is intended to________.
A. warn us of the danger in the subway B. show us how to save people in the subway
C. tell us about a subway rescue D. report a traffic accident
Passage 2(2009年宁夏·海南，全国Ⅰ，B)
Computer programmer David Jones earns ￡ 35,000 a year designing new computer games，yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card(信用卡). Instead，he has been told to wait another two years，until he is 18. The 16?year?old works for a small firm in Liverpool, where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job. David’s firm releases (推出) two new games for the fast growing computer market each month.
But David’s biggest headache is what to do with his money. Even though he earns a lot, he cannot drive a car, take out a mortgage (抵押贷款), or get credit cars. David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago, a year after leaving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop. “I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs, ”he said. David spends some of his money on records and clothes, and gives his mother 50 pounds a week. But most of his spare time is spent working.
“Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school，”he said. “But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time. I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school. Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway. ”David added：“I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement (退休)is a possibility. You never know when the market might disappear.”
1. In what way is David different from people of his age
A. He often goes out with friends. B. He lives with his mother.
C. He has a handsome income. D. He graduated with six O-levels.
2. What is one of the problems that David is facing now
A. He is too young to get a credit card. B. He has no time to learn driving.
C. He has very little spare time. D. He will soon lose his job.
3. Why was David able to get the job in the company
A. He had done well in all his exams. B. He had written some computer programs.
C. He was good at playing computer games. D. He had learnt to use computers at school.
4. Why did David decide to leave school and start working
A. He received lots of job offers. B. He was eager to help his mother.
C. He lost interest in school studies. D. He wanted to earn his own living.
主旨大意类
Passage 5(2009年全国Ⅱ，A)
I know what you’re thinking: pizza (比萨饼) For breakfast But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a. m. if you want to.
I know lots of women who skip breakfast(不吃早餐), and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it. Some say they don’t have time, others think they’re saving calories (卡路里) , still others just don’t like breakfast food.
But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight. “Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all，” says Katherine Brooking, R. D. , who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it’s loaded with vegetables，and you stick to one small piece.
Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.
So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether，and have just coffee or orange juice. I say，try heating up last night’s leftovers—it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself，“You can always eat it tomorrow, ”I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it...you may save yourself some pre-bed-time calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.
1. The word“ leftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means________.
A. food remaining after a meal B. things left undone
C. meals made of vegetables D. pizza topped with fruit
2. What can we infer from the text
A. Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry. B. Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.
C. There are some easy ways of cooking a meal. D. Eating vegetables helps save energy.
3. According to the last paragraph，it is important to________.
A. eat something for breakfast B. be careful about what you eat
C. heat up food before eating it D. eat calorie-controlled food
4．The text is written mainly for those________.
A. who go to work early B. who want to lose weight C. who stay up late D. who eat before sleep
Passage 6(2009年湖北，C)
When I was seven my father gave me a Timex，ray first watch. I loved it, wore it for years, and haven’t had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago. Why Because I don’t need one. I have a mobile phone and I’m always near someone with an iPod or something like that. All these devices(装置) tell the time — which is why, if you look around, you’ll see lots of empty wrists; sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007.
But while the wise have realized that they don’t need them，others—apparently including some distinguished men of our time — are spending total fortunes on them. Brands such as Rolex, Patek Philippe and Breitling command shocking prices, up to ￡250,000 for a piece.
This is ridiculous. Expensive cars go faster than cheap cars. Expensive clothes hang better than cheap clothes. But these days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches. Expensive watches come with extra functions — but who needs them How often do you dive to 300 metres into the sea or need to find your direction in the area around the South Pole So why pay that much of five years’ school fees for watches that allow you to do these things
If justice were done, the Swiss watch industry should have closed down when the Japanese discovered how to make accurate watches for a five-pound note. Instead the Swiss reinvented the watch ，with the aid of millions of pounds’ worth of advertising, as a message about the man wearing it. Rolexes are for those who spend their weekends climbing icy mountains; a Patek Philippe is for one from a rich or noble family; a Breitling suggests you like to pilot planes across the world.
Watches are now classified as “investments” (投资). A 1994 Patek Philippe recently sold for nearly ￡350,000, while 1960s Rolexes have gone from ￡15,000 to ￡30,000 plus in a year. But a watch is not an investment. It’s a toy for self-satisfaction, a matter of fashion. Prices may keep going up—they’ve been rising for 15 years. But when fashion moves on, the owner of that ￡350,000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Timex.
1. The sales of watches to young people have fallen because they________.
A. have other devices to tell the tim B. think watches too expensive
C. prefer to wear an iPod D. have no sense of time
2. It seems ridiculous to the writer that________.
A. people dive 300 metres into the sea B, expensive clothes sell better than cheap ones
C. cheap cars don’t run as fast as expensive ones
D. expensive watches with unnecessary functions still sell
3. What can be learnt about Swiss watch industry from the passage
A. It targets rich people as its potential customers.
B. It’s hard for the industry to beat its competitors.
C. It wastes a huge amount of money in advertising.
D. It’s easy for the industry to reinvent cheap watches.
4. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Timex or Rolex B. My Childhood Timex
C. Watches Not for Me! D. Watches—a Valuable Collection
推理判断类
Passage 9 (2009年广东，C)
A few years ago I had an “ aha！” moment regarding handwriting.
I had in my hand a sheet of paper with handwritten instructions on it for some sort of editorial task. It occurred at first that I did not recognize the handwriting, and then I realized whose it must be. I finally became aware of the fact that I had been working with this colleague for at least a year, maybe two, and yet I did not recognize her handwriting at that point.
It was a very important event in the computerization of life — a sign that the informal, friendly communication of people working together in an office had changed from notes in pen to instant messages and emails. There was a time when our workdays were filled with little letters, and we recognized one another’s handwriting the way we knew voices or faces.
As a child visiting my father’s office, I was pleased to recognize，in little notes on the desks of his staff，the same handwriting I would see at home in the notes he would leave on the fridge—except that those notes were signed “dad” instead of“ RFW”．
All this has been on my mind because of the talk about The Rise and Fall of Handwriting, a book by Florey. She shows in her book a deep concern about the fall of handwriting and the failure of schools to teach children to write well, but many others argue that people in a digital age can’t be expected to learn to hold a pen.
I don’t buy it.
I don’t want to see anyone cut off from the expressive, personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does. For many a biographer, part of really getting to know their subjects is learning to read their handwriting.
What some people advocate is teaching one of the many attractive handwritings based on the handwriting of 16th?century Italy. That may sound impossibly grand—as if they want kids to learn to draw by copying classical paintings. However, they have worked in many school systems.
1. Why was the author surprised at not recognizing his colleague’s handwriting
A. He had worked with his colleague long enough. B. His colleague’s handwriting was so beautiful.
C. His colleague’s handwriting was so terrible. D. He still had a lot of work to do.
2. People working together in an office used to________.
A. talk more about handwriting B. take more notes on workdays
C. know better one another’s handwriting D. communicate better with one another
3. The author’s father wrote notes in pen________.
A. to both his family and his staff B. to his family in small letters
C. to his family on the fridge D. to his staff on the desk
4．According to the author，handwritten notes________.
A. are harder to teach in schools B. attract more attention
C. are used only between friends D. carry more message
5．We can learn from the passage that the author________.
A. thinks it impossible to teach handwriting B. does not want to lose handwriting
C. puts the blame on the computer D. does not agree with Florey
Passage 10(2009年陕西，B)
When people hear a president speak, they seldom think about others helping to shape the presentation (报告). Today, however，presidents depend on writers such as J. Terry Edmonds to help them communicate (交流) effectively. Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U. S. president；he is also the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for the White House. His is an all-American story of success.
Edmonds grew up in Baltimore, Maryland; his father drove a truck，and his mother worked as a waitress. A great reader, Edmonds showed a gift for writing at his high school，Baltimore City College. After graduating in 1967, Edmonds went on to Morgan State University.
Edmonds began his career in business, with jobs in public relations and communications. He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman (国会议员) from Baltimore. During Bill Clinton’s presidency, he wrote speeches for Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala and worked in a number of jobs in the White House and in governmental departments. President Clinton then appointed(任命) him to the office of director of speechwriting. Following the 2000 elections, Edmonds returned to Morgan State University as the school’s special assistant to the president for 2001—2002.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text
A. Edmonds proved himself to be good at writing at high school.
B. Edmonds graduated from Morgan State University in 1967.
C. Edmonds was the first full-time speechwriter.
D. Edmonds served the White House after 2000.
2. Edmonds entered the world of politics first as________.
A. news secretary for a congressman B. a speechwriter for President Clinton
C. news secretary in the White House D. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala
3. The text is most likely to be found in a book about________.
A. popular science B. historical events C. successful people D. political systems
猜测词义类
Passage 13(2009年广东，B)
We once had a poster competition in our fifth grade art class.
“You could win prizes，” our teacher told us as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard. She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing，“ The first prize is ten dollars. You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster.”
We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten-dollar grand prize, each and every one of us. I’m going to spend mine on candies, one hopeful would announce, while another practiced looking serious, wise and rich.
Everyone in the class made a poster. Some of us used parts of those fancy paper napkins, while others used nothing but colored construction paper. Some of us used big designs, and some of us preferred to gather our art tidily down in one corner of our poster and let the space draw the viewer’s attention to it. Some of us would wander past the good students’ desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness. It was yet another grown-up trick of the sort they seemed especially fond of, making all of us believe we had a fair chance, and then always—always—rewarding the same old winners.
I believe I drew a sailboat, but I can’t say that with any certainty. I made it. I admired it. I determined it to be the very best of all of the posters I had seen，and then I turned it in.
Minutes passed.
No one came along to give me the grand prize, and then someone distracted me, and I probably never would have thought about that poster again.
I was still sitting at my desk, thinking, What poster when the teacher gave me an envelope with a ten-dollar bill in it and everyone in the class applauded for me.
1. What was the teacher’s requirement for the poster
A. It must appear in time. B. It must be done in class.
C. It must be done on a construction sheet. D. It must include the words on the blackboard.
2．The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A. formed an idea for B. made an outline for C. made some space for D. chose some colors for
3. After the teacher’s words, all the students in the class________.
A. looked very serious B. thought they would be rich
C. began to think about their designs D. began to play games
4. After seeing the good students’ designs, some students________.
A. loved their own designs more B. thought they had a fair chance
C. put their own designs in a corner D. thought they would not win the prize
5. We can infer from the passage that the author________.
A. enjoyed grown?up tricks very much B. loved poster competitions very much
C. felt surprised to win the competition D. became wise and rich after the competition
Passage 14(2009年山东，C)
Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled—to $1.01 per pack—smokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” across the country seeking to kick the habit.
This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They’ve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.
The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, the deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.
In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation，a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday. In Charleston, S. C. , where the 7?cent?a?pack tax is the lowest in the nation, the price was $4.78.
The influence is obvious.
In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys — 13. 8%, far below the national average. By comparison,26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky. Other low tax states have similarly depressing teen smoking records.
Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.”
That’s true. But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place. As for today’s adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.
1. The text is mainly about________.
A. the price of cigarettes B. the rate of teen smoking
C. the effect of tobacco tax increase D. the differences in tobacco tax rate
2. What does the author think is a surprise
A. Teen smokers are price sensitive. B. Some states still keep the tobacco tax low.
C. Tobacco taxes improve public health. D. Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise.
3．The underlined word “deter” in Paragraph 3 most probably means________.
A. discourage B. Remove C. benefit D. free
4. Rogers’ attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of________.
A. tolerance B. Unconcern C. doubt D. sympathy
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The new tax will be beneficial in the long run. B. Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.
C. Future generations will be hooked on smoking. D. Adults will depend more on their families.
Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors. When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face, but I pushed them 37 . My mom believed I would learn 38 I was ready. But the 39 never came. 高考资源网
On a Chinese New Year’s Eve, my uncle spoke to me in Chinese, but all I could do was 40 at him, confused, scratching my head. “Still can’t speak Chinese ” He 41 me, “You can’t even buy a fish in Chinatown.”高考资源网
“Hey, this is America, not China. I’ll get some 42 with or without Chinese.” I replied and turned to my mom for 43 .高考资源网
“Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin Xian Yu,” she said, handing over a $20 bill. I 44 the words, running downstairs into the streets of Chinatown.高考资源网
I found the fish 45 surrounded in a sea of customers. “I’d like to buy some fresh fish,” I shouted to the fishman. But he 46 my English words and turned to serve the next customer. The laugh of the people behind increased 47 their impatience. With every 48 , the breath of the dragons（龙）on my back grew stronger---my blood boiling--- 49 me to cry out, “Xian Sheng Yu， please.” “ Very Xian Sheng,” I repeated. The crowd erupted into laughter. My face turned 50 and I ran back home 51 ,expect for the $20 bill I held tightly in my pocket.高考资源网
Should I laugh or cry They’re Chinese. I’m Chinese. I should feel right at 52 Instead , I was the joke , a disgrace（丢脸）to the language.高考资源网
Sometimes , I laugh at my fish 53 , but , in the end .the joke is on 54 . Every laugh is a culture 55 ; every laugh is my heritage （传统）fading away.
高考资源网
A. custom B. games C .characters . D. language
高考资源网
A. ahead B. around C. along D. aside
高考资源网
A. when B. before C. unless D. Until
高考资源网
A. success B. study C. time D. attempt
高考资源网
A. aim B. joke C. nod D. stare
高考资源网
A. cared about B. laughed at C. argued with D. asked after
高考资源网
A. right now B. from now C. at times D. in time
高考资源网
A. decision B. permission C. information D. Preparation
高考资源网
A. repeated B. reviewed C. spelled D. Kept
高考资源网
A. farm B. stand C. pond D. Market
高考资源网
A. guessed B. forgot C. doubted D. Ignored
高考资源网
A. by B. as C. with D. from
高考资源网
A. second B. effort C. desire D. Movement
高考资源网
A. forcing B. allowing C. persuading D. Leading
高考资源网
A. bright B. blank C. pale D. red
高考资源网
A. open-mouthed B. tongue-tied C. empty-handed D. broken-hearted
高考资源网
A. service B. home C. risk D. root
高考资源网
A. trade B. deed C. challenge D. incident
高考资源网
A. it B. us C. me D. Them
高考资源网
A. thrown B. lost C. divided D. Reflected
高考资源网