高考完形填空解题技巧
图片预览
文档简介
高考完形填空解题技巧 (I)
完形填空是全国各地高考英语必考题型之一，占20分。题型特征是：一篇短文中间留20 个空格，每个空格给出4个选项，要求从中选出最佳答案填入相应的空格内。由于这种题型既考查学生的语法、词法、句法、习惯用法等英语基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查他们对短文的阅读和理解能力。这种题型综合性较强，因而难度较大。总的来说，完形填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感。具体说来，是从语 篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。因此，本文我就考试出题的三个方向、考试题型和具体 解题技巧做了详细阐述：
一、考试出题的大致方向是：
1、词汇：某些词义的识别，同义词辨析。英语习惯用法的熟悉程度。
2、语法结构：语法规则的实际应用。
3、语篇句意：从语篇角度,即上下文和情景语境综合测试考生的阅读理解能力
4. 逻辑推理和生活常识
二、考试题型：
（一）词汇题：
单纯地考单词或短语的释义：
1.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety ____. (‘99)
A. comes off B. turns up C. pays off D. holds up
答案：C.
词汇辨析题：主要是指同义词、近义词的辨析，这类题较难。
2.They are needed for ____ food into energy and body maintenance. (‘96)
A. shifting B. transferring C. altering D. transforming
答案：D.
固定短语搭配题：
3.With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ____ of flyingsintosspace and returning many times. (‘92)
A. capable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit
答案：A.
(二)语法题：
语法结构题，主要是考结构词：代词、介词和从句连接词。
4.Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ____ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. (’94)
A. that B. it C. so D. this 答案：B.
(三)语篇题：
文章的上下文决定所缺处所选择的词.这一考点要求学生根据文章的整体内容进行理解,根据层次结构和内容的逻辑关系,去选择符合文章情节的答案,这也叫情景意义的选择.
5.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people ____ believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. (96)
A. nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile
答案：A.
三、解题技巧
要做好完形填空题，除了要具备较扎实的英语基本功之外，还必须具备良好的应试心态，掌握一定的答题技巧,这样有助于在做题时思路清晰,速度加快,节约时间,增进效益.
1..充满信心，沉着冷静。
无论做什么事情，信心十分重要。有的同学尽管英语基础不错，但由于平时做练 习时有“偏食”的习惯，即喜欢做基础题，怕做综合性较强的能力题（如完形填空、阅读理解等），因而在考试中遇到这类题目时就会感到压力大，信心不足。同学们在做完形填空题时一定要充满信心，沉着冷静，要相信自己的实力。只有这样，答题时才能发挥出自己的最佳水平，减少失误。
2、精读第一句
它是了解全文大意的基石.完形填空文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，或是含有主题词的句子，考生可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想，为下面答题奠定基础。
这里，首先我们要知道英文的主题句的特点。一个有效的主题句应该有以下两个标准：
1.Topic：主题或议题。明确指示段落的内容，起到限定主题范围的作用。
2.Opinion：反映作者对待主题的观点、印象、态度，起到限定段落基调的作用。
知道了英文主题句的特点之后，我们在阅读完型填空文章的第一句话时，就不应该只是读懂其字面中文意思，而是要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容，为接下来做题把准方向。比如1994年考题的首句是：
The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word.
这就是一句非常有效的主题句。据此，我们可以大胆地预测文章的主题是讨论"词汇(word)"与"语言表达(language)"的关系。作者的态度通 过"first and smallest"就说明作者认为"词汇"对于"语言"的重要意义。实际上，该篇文章的确是围绕"词汇"与"语言"的关系展开的。
由此可见，精读第一句对于理解和把握整个文章的中心意义和作者的行文的脉络是非常有效的。这就为我们往下做题指明了方向！
3.通读全文，掌握大意,粗选答案
有 相当一部分同学在没有通读全文、弄懂大意的情况下 就急忙边阅读边依空选择。这是一种不良的答题习惯。而且那些错误的答案会在大脑中先入为主，在复查时很难发现，同学们在做题之前必须先集中精力将短文精读 两遍，掌握其大意，同时要记住短文里的人物、时间或 地点，尤其要注意首句和尾句的含义。这样，答题时才能心中有数。此时可以边阅读边粗选答案,这是为了尽量减少空格,帮助更透彻地了解全文.
4、从上下文寻找信息词
完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相联的语篇，而词语的重复出现、同义词和反义词的使用是重要的连句成篇的词汇纽带，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义词、反义词相互照应等现象。
警示：考生在答题时，不要急于求成。而要充分利用上下文信息词，在继续阅读中寻找和斟酌答案。
充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：
1)Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very very ＿.
A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous
根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此答案为A。
2)Mrs O’Neill asked ＿＿ questions and she didn’t scold us either.
A. no B. certain C. many D. more
and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。
5.形意结合，前后参照
完形填空所要求填的答案在意义上必须和短文内容相符，形式上必须符合语法规 则和习惯用法。有些同学之所以失分较多，其中一个很重要的原因就是顾此失彼。同学们在选择答案时，应先从意义上判断其是否与短文内容相吻合，然后再从形式 上（如时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、固定搭配 等）判断所选答案是否恰当，前后参照，连贯考虑，提高选择的准确率。
比如：
Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩). She is no 41 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research 42 her . They want to see how civilized she can 43 . Already she does many things a human being can do.(95NMET)
41空的选项是foolish/ordinary/special/simple,均为形容词,都能修饰chimpanzee, 根据下文, 此黑猩猩在接受驯化,已经能做人能做的许多事,从而便可确定,她不再是普通的(ordinary)黑猩猩了.如果不前后参照,去辨别四个词的用法,是无法选出正确答案的.
6.先易后难，迂回解题
做完形填空时，对于一时没有把握的题目，可以采用“迂回战术”，在题号前标上记号，先绕过去做下面的题目。在做完较容易的题目之后再回过头来思考那些难题，同时把已确定好了的答 案代入短文，帮助理解。这样，也许难题就不难了。
7、把握文章组织结构
主要是针对语篇题。
做题时，要把准文章作者发展脉络，文章的起承转合，要注意段落与段落之间，句与句之间的内在逻辑联系，领悟暗示，选对答案。
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened __21__. As was discussed before, it was not __22__ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic __23__. (2002)
21. A. between B. before C. since D. later
22. A. after B. by C. during D. until
23. A. means B. method C. medium D. measure
答案：21. A. 22. D. 23. C
分析：我们注意到文章讲了两个时间：20世纪和15、16世纪，而19世纪显然是处在两者之间，故21填between。22题是一语法结构题，固定结 构：It was not until---that---。23题属于前面介绍的"信息词"题。上文中出现的：television, printing, newspaper均说明该题应填medium
8.了解生活常识，确定相关知识。
Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to 30 (1998)
A. check B.read C. keep D.sign
分析: 外国人早上有读报的习惯,其中paper即为报纸.这是理解本文细节的关键,有了这些文化背景知识,可迅速推断出正确答案为B
9.必要时采用排除法,根据已知条件和信息去推断未知事物
10.全文贯通，复查核定
做 完题目后，要仔细复查核定。全方位,多角度地检查所选答案,看能否使全文连贯畅通,内容清晰,主题突出.对于个别拿不准的答案, 应根据语感完成.复查可以采用两种方法：1.不看已选的答案，再 把所有的题目做一遍，然后看看两个答案是否一致，如不一致，再仔细比较鉴别；2.把答案代入短文细读一遍，看所选答案是否与短文整体相吻合，再把每个空白 处与它相对应的4个答案一一对照。
总 之，要提高完形填空的解题水平，除了上面介绍的方法技巧外，在平时的学习实践中，一要不断积累并熟练掌握词汇语法等扎实的基本技能,对于重要的语法项目, 如定语从句状语从句非谓语动词名词性从句等,要加以总结概括,以做题时运用灵活,概念清楚。二要有计划，有目的地训练，加强阅读，提高速度，培养语感,在 实践中感悟的辨析，搭配，学会对文章进行逻辑判断及推理，既要看懂表层意思，更要理解深层次的含义。三要按步骤，由简到难，由短到长地进行有针对性的专项 训练，材料要精选，解题要限时，体裁要多样，运用正确的解题方法与技巧。四要注意分析错题,避免出现类似错误.只要我们持之以恒，解答完形填空的水平就能 得到提高。
高考完形填空试题解题思路与解题技巧 (II)
做完形填空题是基于整个语篇的理解，要求学生掌握相当数量的词汇、句型、词组和一定的阅读理解能力和词语 搭配能力，综合运用语言知识的能力。由此可见完形填空题也是阅读题，是一种难度较大的题型。是对考生阅读理解和语言综合运用能力的测试。本文侧重对完形填 空题进行了全方位的剖析，介绍了完形填空题的理论依据、试题形式、试题性质，详细分析了填空类型、短文长度、间隔设计、成分与结构，总结出一整套完形填空 题的解题思路与技巧，旨在帮助同学们提高解题意识，把握解
题思路，掌握解题技巧。
三、完形填空的解题思路与技巧
1、整体浏览 抓住主题
在做完形填空题前，首先要整体浏览，对全文快速阅读一遍，了解文章的大意，掌握文章的主题，并留心文中的关键词，了解这篇短文说什么，发生的时间、地点、文章的目的、作者的观点与态度等，这对于做好完形填空题能起到事半功倍的效果。因此，了解文章的主题和大意就显得十分重要。人们常说‘看书先看皮，看报先看题’，这是因为书的封面和报纸的标题都能传达一本书和一篇文章的主题。但是完形填空题所选短文一般都是没有标题的，那么要掌握文章的主题怎么办。要找到文章的主题，首先要找到文章的主题句，因为主题句就能反映文章的主题。文章总是围绕一定的主题展开的，而每一个段落则是说明主题的一个方面，概 括了一个段落的中心思想的句子就是主题句。主题句常常出现在段首与段尾，在段首就是一段文章开头的一两句，在段尾就是文章的最后一句；因此浏览短文时，首先要细读段首与段尾；比较起来，主题句位于段首的比例更高一些，所以，首段的第一句或最后一句往往是主题句，它就是引领整篇文章的主旨，是文章的灵魂，因此要抓住不放。作者要支持自己的观点，那么第二段就是作者围绕主题展开的正文。以2000年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：
例 1
Bedtime stories are one of the delights of early childhood. But according to Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland University, parents should not 61(give)up reading to their children 62(after)they enter primary school. She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories help children’s 63(development).
“My 64(research) indicates that once children can read themselves, most parents stop reading 65(to) them,” Dr. Spreadbury says.
“ 66(That) may be at the end of the Year 1,which is far too 67(early).”
Dr. Spreadbury says 68(bedtime)reading not only gives children a good start at school, but brings parents and their children closer.
“This makes it 69(easier) for them to open up and talk to parents about things that are worrying them, or things they are 70(celebrating) in their everyday life.
从上述短文我们可以看出，‘She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories help children’s 63(development).’是该短文的主题句，这是因为下面的三段都是围绕着这个主题展开的。
2、再读全篇 试填答案
许多考生都有这样的经历，做完形填空题时，一看到题目就做，结果自己感到很有把握的答案错了，问题就是对短文的内容和结构没有完整、清晰的了解和把握。因此读第二遍就显得很有必要，这样就可以使考生对短文有更好的把握。在读第二遍时，对于一眼就能看出的答案，不必纠缠，马上就填入，对于那些看看有点像，但没有把握的答案，可以开始试填，待看完第二遍时，再来看看试填的答案，如发现先前填得不对，这时应该及时更正，这时你就会比较有把握，也比较有信 心了。 以2000年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：
例 2
Chinese scientists are again becoming excited about the fact that a large hairy animal may live in central China. Now they hope it won’t be too long before they are able to 71(prove) its existence. Their confidence is the 72(result) of a new discovery of the mystery animal in Hubei Province.
Ten Chinese 73(engineers), enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road. As their bus turned a corner, the men were suddenly 74(amazed) by what they saw. Three 75(tall) animals, covered with long dark hair , were crossing the road. On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped and 76(ran after) them. 77(However), when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great 78(speed) and strength, they did not dare to follow any further.
The men did not take any 79(photographs). However, scientists are 80(delighted) by the discovery, because the engineers were all very well educated people and scientists feel they can 81(rely on) what they described.
After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and 82(collected) some hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the length of the animal’s foot! Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a 83(study) of the forest. But in the meantime, some people 84(refuse) to believe that this half-man, half-monkey exists. They will not believe that it is 85(real) until one of the animals has been caught.
71. a. prove b. analyze c. protect d. check
72. a. basis b. requirement c. result d. preparation
73. a. travelers b. engineers c. scientists d. explorers
74. a. frightened b. amazed c. upset d. inspired
75. a. trained b. rejected c. tall d. violent
76. a. shot at b. looked at c. fought with d. ran after
77. a. However b. Indeed c. Meanwhile d. Anyway
78. a. difficulty b. speed c. care d. pleasure
79. a. bullets b. tools c. medicines d. photographs
80. a. surprised b. delighted c. disturbed d. supported
81. a. rely on b. deal with c. write down d. pass on
82. a. cut b. pulled c. collected d. tore
83. a. film b. tour c. choice d. study
84. a. come b. refuse c. prefer d. have
85. a. wrong b. alive c. real d. correct
在做73题时，我们可以试选a. travelers , 因为后面有‘enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road.’ 但我们再往下读时，就会发现travelers 不对，而应该选b. engineers , 因为在第二段我们会看到‘On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped…’ ，这里的the engineers显然是指the men 和ten Chinese engineers。再如74题，很多学生一开始会选a. frightened, 因为受了后面句子的影响：‘Three __75____ animals, covered with long dark hair , were crossing the road.’ 特别是受到‘covered with long dark hair’的影响。当下文的空格完成以后，我们就会发现选frightened不对，而应选b. amazed, 因为下文有 ‘On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped and 76(ran after) them.’如果中国工程师们 were frightened(frighten: vt. to fill with fear; alarm充满恐惧；惊恐), 他们就不会stopped and ran after them. 所以要选amazed(astonished).这是一个非常典型的关于‘再读全篇 试填答案’的例子。当你做题目没有把握时，就先试填，待文章看完时再回过头来检查你试填的答案，这不失为做完形填空题的好方法之一。
3、瞻前顾后 寻找关联
我们在‘再读全篇，试填答案’一节中所谈的已涉及到‘瞻前顾后 寻找关联’的某些含义，但侧重‘试填’；而我们将在这里侧重谈‘瞻前顾后 寻找关联’。完形填空题的特点基于整个语篇的理解，不从单句入手，有时如果从某一个单句来理解，四个选项都可以填入，但从整个语篇来看，答案只有一个。一般来讲，一个学生如果具有较高语言水平，较好的文化背景知识，史地及其他知识比较丰富的话，做该题型的困难就会比较少；可容忍被挖掉的词就会多一些，反之亦然。但对于相同知识水平的学生来讲，讲究方法就尤其重要了。在做题目的时候，首先要对空格前后句子，然后对该空格相应的选项进行全面分析。通过‘瞻前顾后，寻找关联’来确定空格中的词的词性、意思、和功能。如果是功能性的空格，则要求学生填入虚词即连词、介词、冠词等，那么就应根据功能来选答案。如果是语法问题，那么就要考虑时态和语态是否符合上下文、主谓是否一致；如果是语义空格，那么则要求考生填入实词即动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等，那么就要 通过上下文进行分析，根据文章的语义环境，做到‘瞻前顾后，寻找关联’，然后作出合理的判断。以2002年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：
例 3
Have you ever regretted doing something you shouldn’t have done or something you didn’t do which you should have At one time or another we probably all have. There’s no 51( point) in getting depressed about it now—it’s no 52( use) crying over spilt milk. However, there may be some gain in thinking about exactly what happened and why 53(because) we might be able to draw some conclusions for the future.
One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54(temper) with a friend or close relative. The odd thing is that we more often display great 55(anger) towards someone we are fond of than towards 56(strangers) . The explanation may be that we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net, an opportunity to 57 (let off) a bit of steam in a safe environment, while the consequences of 58(insulting) a stranger could be far more serious.
Being honest is usually thought of as a virtue and undoubtedly this is the 59(case). On the other hand, we have all experienced occasions when we have spoken our minds to someone, telling them exactly what we feel, and then have found ourselves filled with feelings of 60(guilt) . Perhaps we should have kept our mouths shut
51. a. reason b. purpose c. point d. result
52. a. use b. help c. value d. benefit
53. a. so b. because c. but d. though
54. a. mind b. memory c. manner d. temper
55. a. anger b. interest c. love d. respect
56. a. strangers b. friends c. relatives d. colleagues
57. a. run through b. throw away c. give up d. let off
58. a. inviting b. insulting c. speaking to d. believing in
59. a. issue b. case c. event d. factor
60. a. excitement b. happiness c. pride d. guilt
以做55题为例，单从这一句来看，四个选项a. anger b. interest c. love d. respect都可以填进去, 但从下文的‘we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net,’(我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网。) ‘an opportunity to let off a bit of steam in safe environment’ (一种在安全环境中可以宣泄怨气的机会)。再从前文的‘The odd thing is that …(奇怪的事是…), 因此第55题可以判断选anger, 这样才能符合题义：‘奇怪的事是我们更经常地对我们喜欢的某些人发泄愤怒。’在做这个题目的时候，我们‘瞻前’又‘顾后’，所以就比较顺利。再比如做54 题，我们也可以从下文的‘we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net,’(我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网。)和‘an opportunity to let off a bit of steam in safe environment’得到启示,很容易看出要选d, 以构成lose our temper的结构。根据这一原则，我们就能顺利地选出56题的答案是a, strangers, 这是因为上文提到的‘我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网’，也就是说我们经常对朋友和亲戚发脾气比较安全，而对strangers发脾气的后果就比较严重， 据此我们也就能够很容易得出结论58题应该选b, insulting。我们在做完形填空题时，做到瞻前顾后，寻找关联，这样就能做到在高考中得高分。
4、完形完义 立足全局
做完形填空有两个程序：一是完形（选择选项，然后填补空白）；二是完义（阅读短文，然后理解短文）。但是完形必须在完义的基础上进行，也就是说首先要在阅读理解短文的基础上做好完形。完形必须服从完义，单句必须服从段落，段落必须服从全文，局部必须服从全局。因此，我们在做完形填空题时，不能读一句做一句，更不能看到就填，这样往往要出差错。先从整体到局部完义，再从局部到整体完形，完形完义，立足全局。以2001年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空 为例：
例4
Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. They sleep better and wake up feeling more 61(refreshed) , in part due to increased amounts of deep sleep. Deep sleep may play a role in the body restoring itself 62(physically) , as opposed to REM(rapid eye movement) or dreaming sleep. Researchers have found that physical exercise, especially 63(done) in the afternoon or early evening, produces more 64(deep sleep) early in the night. 65(Exercise)can also help you get a better night’s sleep in a number of indirect ways. The relaxation and tiredness 66(caused) by exercise can improve sleep.
Exercise encourages weight loss and also may 67(relieve) depression. Exercising later in the day can also help delay the 68(nighttime) drop in your body’s temperature. The 69(benefits) of exercise are especially important for older people, 70(since) exercise has been shown to increase the amount of sleep senior adults get in a night and reduce the time it takes to fall asleep. But be sure you finish exercising at least 4 hours before bedtime---working out later than that could leave you too excited to fall asleep easily.
61. a. conscious b. peaceful c. effective d. refreshed
62. a. physically b. mentally c. emotionally d. regularly
63. a. made b. done c. functioned d. conducted
64. a. night’s sleep b. dreaming sleep c. deep sleep d. REM
65. a. Exercise b. Dreams c. Researchers d. Doctors
66. a. recovered b. strengthened c. caused d. reduced
67. a. increase b. relieve c. release d. arouse
68. a. nighttime b. daytime c. dinnertime d. lifetime
69. a. disadvantages b. benefits c. ways d. places
70. a. yet b. if c. when d. since
在做完形填空题时，我们首先要找到主题句（topic sentence），以便抓住中心，了解文章的大意，这样做有利于我们做后面的填空。浏览一下本篇短文，我们就知道这篇短文的主题句就是：Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. 因此我们就知道这篇文章是谈论锻炼身体方面的。下文的填空就是关于这一方面的。我们在上文已经谈到“完形必须服从完义，单句必须服从段落，段落必须服从全 文，局部必须服从全局”的解题原则。在这一篇短文的第一段，我们从physical activity和in the body得到启示，62题应该填a. physically；从第二句和第三句的deep sleep得到启示，64题应填c. deep sleep; 62与64题的做法很典型地体现了“完形必须服从完义”，“单句必须服从段落”的原则。而61与63题则根据“瞻前顾后，寻找关联”的原则就可以解出,一个人如果sleep better，那么醒过来就会感到refreshed, 我们do exercise而不是made, functioned,或conducted exercise。我们在做65题时，可以从第一段和第三段得到启示，第一段提到两处‘physical activity’ 和‘physical exercise’, 而第三段有5处exercise或exercising, 结合第二段的意义，就不难看出65题应填a. Exercise. 再看69题，从单句的语法上看，四个选项都可以填进去，从单句的意义上看，benefits, ways, places三个选项都可以填进去，但从全文来看，特别是文章第一句的‘regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit’，就只有b. benefits填进去才对，而且是唯一的答案。65题和69题的做法体现了“完形必须服从完义”，“段落必须服从全文，局部必须服从全局”的原则。
5、复读全文 验证答案
我们做完形填空题的最后一道工序就是“复读全文 验证答案”。 题目做完以后，我们要把‘完形’后的全文再读一遍，看看是否‘完义’，检查自己对全文的理解是否准确，情节发展是否合理，全文前后上下是否符合逻辑，验证 自己完形的答案是否能使全文贯通流畅，如果读起来流畅而通顺，说明既完形又完义；反之，则说明我们对文章还没有完全理解，也就是说虽然‘完形’了，但还没 有‘完义’，必须重新推敲已填答案。此外，还要从语法上看句子是否主谓一致，特别要注意非谓语动词是否与主语一致，时态是否前后呼应，检查动宾搭配，动 词、形容词、名词与介词的搭配是否合理，如果发现问题，则要根据文章的主题思想、本句、本段和全文的上下文与逻辑关系，重新选择选项；如果个别选项实在没 有把握，那就根据感觉猜一个，但决不能放弃。总之，我们要从完形和完义、语法和语义等方面进行推敲，修正错误，弥补疏漏，从而使自己的答案尽可能地接近或 达到完美。
完形填空专项训练答案详解
（一）
The Ministry of Education has spared no efforts to bring on IT learning. What is its main aim Is it to teach students how to learn the computer or is it meant to change the usual method of teaching in order to 1 students’ strong interest in computers
Teaching students computer knowledge and skills is different 2 giving class lessons through the use of computers. And schools are beginning to pay much attention to using computers to teach students. There is 3 about the fact that IT learning plays an important role as a new teaching tool in this day of technology. 4 ,?views differ on whether the schools can achieve their targets, as success 5 whether they can make use of computers effectively.
Let’s take the subject of Chinese as an example and see 6 difficulties the experts face in their IT management. At present,20 percent of lessons are given with the help of computers. In other words, in a period of 10 weeks, a Chinese-language teacher must spend two weeks to teach the subject 7 .In carrying out such a major policy as IT learning, the experts should know the 8 that different teachers teaching different subjects have different demands, thus making it 9 to see the policy through.
Some teachers, having already got some computer knowledge, will still be forced to 10 the training courses with those who have zero knowledge about computer.
Another problem is that new teachers may be sent to work in schools 11 IT learning has just started. All teachers—including the seniors who are very 12 in teaching, but who suddenly have no idea what to do when it comes to computers will have to 13 from the very beginning. They will become 14 and their teaching performances may be badly affected. The experts have found out how much of each subject is taught by computers in every school, and have 15 all schools to complete the given work. A hard-pressed teacher may put the daily teaching 16 or the courses onto the computer just to order the required time for IT learning and then 17 the usual way. Furthermore, he may leave school work to his 18 through the computer before class comes to an end in order to “complete” his IT learning 19 . 20 the teaching of the Chinese language is concerned, do computer lessons really achieve the desire goals to raise the students’ level of Chinese, pass on common values and so on I am not so sure.
1.A.show B.be C.match D.have
【解析】 句子的主语是IT learning(即：using computers to teach students)，IT learning是教师的教学行为，不可能show students’ strong interest in computers，只能是教师用计算机辅助教学与学生对计算机的浓厚兴趣相一致，故用match（find sth.like or suitable for use with相称，相配)。【答案】 C
2.A.with B.to C.in D.from
【解析】 different与from搭配，在这里表示“教学生有关计算机的知识技能与通过使用计算机辅助教学是不同的两件事”。【答案】 D
3.A.no reason B.no doubt C.no need D.no time
【解析】 作者先是肯定了在科技时代，信息技术作为新的教学工具起着重要作用这一事实，故用no doubt。【答案】 B
4.A.However B.Therefore C.And D.So
【解析】 接着，用however表示转折，提出不同看法：学校能否成功地达到目标取决于他们是否能有效地使用计算机辅助教学。【答案】 A
5.A.depends on B.leads to C.results in D.believes in
【解析】 depend on：依靠；lead to：导致；result in：造成、引起；believe in：信赖，A项符合文意。【答案】 A
6.A.that B.such C.what D.how
【解析】 作者以中文教学为例，表明专家们在他们IT教学管理中面临着怎样的困难。what在此作连接代词，修饰difficulties，引导一个宾语从句作see的宾语。【答案】 C
7.A.the usual way B.the regular way C.the best way D.the new way
【解析】 根据文意，教师用计算机辅助教学是一种新的教学方法。【答案】 D
8.A.fact B.message C.news D.truth
【解析】 同位语从句中所表达的内容(执教不同学科的老师有不同的要求)是一个事实。答案】 A
9.A.easy B.helpful C.hard D.fast
【解析】 老师教的学科不同，要求不同，故使这一政策很难进行到底。【答案】 C
10.A.sit for B.run for C.give D.attend
【解析】 training course应该是attend，即根据上述政策，懂得计算机知识的教师也得去参加计算机教学的培训课程。【答案】 D
11.A.for which B.that C.where D.which
【解析】 此处用where引导一个定语从句，作school的定语，where在从句中充当地点状语。
【答案】 C
12.A.interested B.satisfied C.successful D.experienced
【解析】 此处指在教学中有经验的老教师。【答案】 D
13.A.work B.start C.teach D.manage
【解析】 有经验的老教师面对用计算机进行教学无所适从，也得从头开始。【答案】 B
14.A.pleased B.disappointed C.certain D.comfortable
【解析】 面对新的难题，他们感到灰心，乃至他们的教学工作也受到不好的影响。【答案】 B
15.A.ordered B.improved C.encouraged D.instructed
【解析】 作为expert，自然应该是instruct(指导)学校去完成交给的工作(即IT learning)。【答案】 D
16.A.methods B.skills C.programs D.performances
【解析】 performances在这里是指“教学工作”。【答案】 D
17.A.make a living B.give lessons C.go to lectures D.does work
【解析】 作者表明：“有的教师迫于压力，将日常教学工作通过计算机来进行，是为了服从IT teaching所规定的时间要求，而后又用老办法上课。”【答案】 B
18.A.work-mates B.headmasters C.instructors D.students
【解析】 从四个选项中可以判断，A、B、C三项都不是老师的做法。【答案】 D
19.A.skills B.experiences C.duties D.methods
【解析】 再者，有的教师为了完成他的IT教学任务，课外作业也让学生在课堂上通过计算机去做。
【答案】 C
20.A.As B.So long as C.Even though D.As far as
【解析】 as far as常与be concerned搭配，表示“就……而言”。【答案】 D
（二）
People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a 1 problem. They often accept the opinion or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error.? 2 ,?when all of these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 3 in analyzing a problem.
4 the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must 5 that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the person must find the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must 6 the parts that are wrong.
Now the person must look for 7 that will make the problem clearer and lead to 8 solutions. For example, suppose Sam decides that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes. 9 ,he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, 10 his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.
After 11 the problem, the person should have 12 suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example 13 ,his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones.
In the end, one 14 seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the 15 idea comes quite 16 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a 17 way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum(口香糖) stuck to a brake. He 18 hits on the solution to his problem: he must 19 the brake.
Finally the solution is 20 .Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short he has solved the problem.
1.A.serious B.usual C.similar D.common
【解析】 从上文的提示“try to remember a solution from the last time”，表明人们一旦遇上类似的问题，首先想到的是上次碰到这类问题的解决办法。只有问题“类似”，才会想到“上一次”的办法。
【答案】 C
2.A.Besides B.Instead C.Otherwise D.However
【解析】 下文用however表示转折，表明作者观点：有时靠老办法往往不灵，于是人们便开始分析问题，寻找新的解决途径。【答案】 D
3.A.ways B.conditions C.stages D.orders
【解析】 从下文的列举看，作者讲的是解决问题的六个阶段，且层层深入(stage：a period in a course of events)，而不是在阐述解决问题的六个办法、条件、顺序。【答案】 C
4.A.First B.Usually C.In general D.Most importantly
【解析】 下文next，finally等表明作者在列举分析问题、解决问题的几个步骤，故填first(首先)，与下文呼应。【答案】 A
5.A.explain B.prove C.show D.see
【解析】 作为分析的第一步，Sam必须查看自行车的毛病出在哪儿。see在此的含义是：examine or recognize by looking。【答案】 D
6.A.check B.determine C.correct D.recover
【解析】 determine在这里意为“断定、确定”的意思，因为只有断定哪个部分有问题，才会找到针对性的解决办法。【答案】 B
7.A.answers B.skills C.explanation D.information
【解析】 下文he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes，talked to his friends at the bike shop，表明Sam是在查找有关自行车修理的资料和信息。【答案】 D
8.A.possible B.exact C.real D.special
【解析】 此时的解决方案尚未确定，故只能是possible solutions，下文a possible solution有暗示。
【答案】 A
9.A.In other words B.Once in a while C.First of all D.At this time
【解析】 at this time表示Sam断定车闸出了毛病的同时即查找修理车闸的资料。【答案】 D
10.A.look for B.talk to C.agree with D.depend on
【解析】 此处用talk to表明Sam与自行车店的朋友通过交谈了解修理自行车车闸的有关资料、信息。【答案】 B
11.A.discussing B.settling down C.comparing with D.studying
【解析】 上文Sam所做的一切均属于studying(学习、研究)的行为。【答案】 D
12.A.extra B.enough C.several D.countless
【解析】 下文所举的tighten or loosen the brakes；buy new brakes and change the old ones表明此处应填several。【答案】 C
13.A.secondly B.again C.also D.alone
【解析】 作者再次以Sam修自行车为例，说明确定问题所在之后如何解决问题，有一些意见、建议可供选择。【答案】 B
14.A.suggestion B.conclusion C.decision D.discovery
【解析】 上文表明有一些建议可供选择，但最终导致解决问题似乎只有其中的一条。【答案】 A
15.A.next B.clear C.final D.new
【解析】 从下文举例看，有时导致解决问题最后的主意纯属意外。【答案】 C
16.A.unexpectedly B.late C.clearly D.often
【解析】 上文提到Sam解决自行车车闸问题有几条建议可供选择：拧紧或放松车闸，买新车闸，更换旧车闸，这时Sam突然发现车闸不灵的原因是一块口香糖将车闸粘住了，最终导致解决问题的办法便是意料之外了。【答案】 A
17.A.simple B.different C.quick D.sudden
【解析】 车闸问题的意外发现使Sam立即采取了完全不同的解决办法(既非拧紧或放松车闸，亦非更换车闸)。【答案】 B
18.A.fortunately B.easily C.clearly D.immediately
【解析】 发现了问题的症结所在，解决问题便当机立断，毫不迟疑。【答案】 D
19.A.clean B.separate C.loosen D.remove
【解析】 既然口香糖粘住了车闸，只需清洗干净就可解决问题。【答案】 A
20.A.recorded B.completed C.tested D.accepted
【解析】 Sam的解决办法经过“检验(test)”获得了成功，他的问题解决了。【答案】 C
（六）
Every time I passed boys who were playing basketball, I stopped to silently watch them. I really envied them. But as a girl, I once thought that I could 36 play basketball.
I like playing basketball though I'm not good at it. I've had a basketball 37 I was a child. At first, I could play freely because no one 38 when I was just a kid. But as I grew up it seemed harder and harder for me to enjoy basketball.
At school, it was always the boys who played basketball during PE classes. The girls were 39 allowed to play volleyball or badminton.
My parents did not 40 me play basketball at home. "Basketball is not fit for girls," they said. 41 I went to play basketball with my friends, boys 42 at me on the court as if I were an alien.
I was feeling 43 and had lost hope of playing basketball. 44 , something changed the first day of high school. I made some friends who also enjoyed playing basketball. They 45 me to get back on the court.
One of them told me with a smile, "Go your own 46 , let others talk." This girl would always play basketball with me. Even the boy who sat next to me in class talked about 47 with me almost every day.
I was inspired by them. Confidence and passion 48 to my heart. I am ready to stand up and play. I will play as well as I can, 49 for me, even the sky is boundless (无垠的).
Basketball has become an important part of my 50 . I am interested in it. I watch matches and enjoy playing almost every day. Through basketball, not only do I feel happy and confident, but also 51 a lot.
I've heard the NBA star Tracy McGrady say, "Nothing is impossible." It is from an advertisement on TV. I have 52 to realize that life is just like playing basket: ball. You should have an 53 . After that, just be confident and 54 going. Never give up and you'll make it sooner or later.
I love the motto of the NBA. It can 55 my strong feelings for basketball, "I love this game!"
36. A. ever B. often C. never D. always
37. A. when B. before C. after D. since
38. A. struggled B. eared C. enjoyed D. joined
39. A. only B. almost C. hardly D. not
40. A. encourage B. agree C. let D. permit
41. A. Still B. Yet C. Just D. Even
42. A. looked B. glared C. glanced D. stared
43. A. up B. down C. excited D. satisfied
44. A. Unluckily B. Naturally C. Unexpectedly D. Clearly
45. A. encouraged B. forbade C. ensured D. explored
46. A. effort B. way C. business D. direction
47. A. basketball B. sports C. interests D. dreams
48. A. stuck B. referred C. turned D. returned
49. A. but B. though C. and D. however
50. A. wish B. life C. work D. study
51. A. experience B. grow C. learn D. play
52. A. come B. turned C. refused D. happened
53. A. idea B. aim C. opinion D. effort
54. A, insist B. remain C. keep D. last
55. A. inform B. express C. ignore D. connect
参考答案：
36
37．D
38．B 一开始“我”可以自由打篮球，因为我只是个小孩，没有人会介意。
39．A 与上文it was always the boys who played basketball形成对照，应填only，表示人们对男女生学校活动的性别刻板化印象。
40．C 在家里父母也不让“我”打篮球．A项搭配不对。
41．D
42．D 甚至当“我”去和朋友们打篮球时，男孩们也盯着“我”看(不理解)，就好像“我”是个外星人似的。用stare at表示“盯着”。glare指“怒视”，不妥。glance指“瞥一眼”。根据语境，文中要表达的意息应是其他男孩不解地盯着自己。
43．B 学校不谁、家庭不让、男孩不理解使“我”打篮球的梦想根本无法实现，“我”感到心情沮丧。feel down引申为“感觉沮丧的”。
44．C 下文交待“我”新交的朋友鼓励“我”重新回到篮球场，这一转机在当时是无法预料的，故填Unexpectedly．
45．A 他们鼓励“我’回到篮球场。
46．B 走你自己的路，让别人去说吧。
47．A 本文话题是篮球与女生，因此该空应填basketball。
48．D 在朋友们的鼓励与引导下，自信、激情又回到“我”心中。
49．C
50．B 篮球已变成“我”生命的一部分。
51．C 通过篮球，我不但感到幸福、自信，而且还学到很多东西。
52．A “我”逐渐意识到生活就像打篮球。
53．B
54．C 你首先应该有一个目标，然后应自信，并且不停地走下去。
55．B 这个格言能够表达“我”对篮球的强烈感情。．C 上文silently watch和really envied暗示了该空应填never．下文介绍的成长过程中“我”无法享受对篮球的爱也是选择线索。
（十六）
Creativity is the key to a brighter future,say education and business experts.Here is 1 ? schools and parents can encourage this important skill in children.
If Dick Drew had listened to his 2 in 1925,we might not have a product that we now think of as of great importance:a new type of 3 .Drew worked for the Minnesota Minting Company.
4 he developed a kind of material strong enough to hold things together. 5 his boss told him not to think more about the 6 .Finally,using his own time,Drew improved the tape, 7
now is used everywhere by many people.And his former company learned from its 8 .Now it encouraged people to 9 15 percent of their work time just thinking and developing new ideas.
Creativity is not 10 one is just born with,nor is it necessarily a character of high 11 ?
.Just because a person is highly intelligent does not mean that he uses it creatively. 12 is the matter of using the resources one has to produce new ideas that are good for something. 13 ,
schools have not tried to encourage creativity.With strong attention to test results and the development of reading,writing and mathematical skills,many educators 14 creativity for correct answers.The result is that children can 15 information but can’t recognize ways to use it in new situations.They may know the rules correctly,but they are unable to use them to 16 ? practical problems.
It is important to give children choices.From the earliest age,children should be allowed to
17 and understand their results.Even if it’s choosing between two food items for lunch,decision-making helps 18 skills.As children grow older, 19 should let their children decide how to use their time or spend their money,but not help them too much if they make the wrong decision.The child may 20 ,but that is all right.This is because the most important character of creative people is a very strong desire to find a way out of trouble.
1.A.way B.how C.what D.where
【解析】 由上下文逻辑联系可知，本文主要讲述“学校和父母是如何鼓励、培养孩子们的创造力的”。
【答案】 B
2.A.teacher B.director C.boss D.headmaster
【解析】 与下文中的…his boss told him not to think more about the idea…对应可知。【答案】 C
3.A.tape B.product C.company D.material
【解析】 由下文的…Finally,using his own time,Drew improved the tape…对应可知。【答案】 A
4.A.On business B.At work C.At table D.At home
【解析】 与下文中的…but his boss told him not to think more about the idea.Finally,?using his own time,Drew improved the tape…对应可知。【答案】 B
5.A.Meanwhile B.However C.While D.But
【解析】 由上文逻辑联系可知，此处应表示转折关系。【答案】 D
6.A.idea B.product C.tape D.job
【解析】 与下文Now it encouraged people to spend 15 percent of their work time just thinking and deceloping new ideas…对应可知。【答案】 A
7.A.this B.that C.what D.which
【解析】 此处考查指代事物的非限制性定语从句。【答案】 D
8.A.discovery B.invention C.mistake D.lesson
【解析】 本句话的意思是“其前任公司从老板的决策失误(mistake)中汲取了经验教训”。
【答案】 C
9.A.spend B.waste C.cost D.save
【解析】 本题考查固定句型结构Somebody spends some time（in) doing something。【答案】 A
10.A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing
【解析】 本句话的意思为“创造力不是与生俱来的东西……”。【答案】 B
11.A.ability B.activity C.intelligence D.quality
【解析】 与下文中的Just because a person is highly intelligent does not mean that he uses it creatively…对应可知。【答案】 C
12.A.Desire B.Character C.Courage D.Creativity
【解析】 与全文主题对应可知。【答案】 D
13.A.Unfortunately B.Surprisingly C.Strangely D.Fortunately
【解析】 由上下文逻辑关系可知。【答案】 A
14.A.give in B.give up C.give out D.give off
【解析】 与上文中的Unfortunately,schools have not tried to encourage creativeity…对应可知。
【答案】 B
15.A.give back B.find out C.ask for D.bring up
【解析】 上文中的…schools have not tried to encourage creativity.With strong attention to test results and the development of reading,writing and mathematical skills,many educators give up creativeity for correct answers…对应可知。 【答案】 A
16.A.work at B.work out C.work for D.work on
【解析】 本题根据上下文的意思应表示“计算”的意思，故用work out。【答案】 B
17.A.make time B.make progress C.make their way D.make decisions
【解析】 由下文Even if it’s choosing between two food items for lunch,decision-making helps thinking skills…对应可知。【答案】 D
18.A.judging B.choosing C.thinking D.deciding
【解析】 根据常识可知，“创造力属于思维（thinking）的范畴”。【答案】 C
19.A.teachers B.managers C.parents D.coaches
【答案】 C
20.A.have a good time B.make mistakes C.have a hard time D.have a breakdown
【解析】 由下文This is because the most important character of creative people is a very strong desire to find a way out of trouble对应可知。本句话的意思为：“（这样做）孩子可能会吃一些苦头，但是那没有关系”。【答案】 D
一、记叙文
A
(2010·河南调研)
A flock of hungry pigeons were flying across the sky in search of food. Having traveled a long distance, they felt tired and settled down on a tree. Just below the tree, they saw grains strewn (撒满) all over the ground. The pigeons were happy to have found enough food to eat. All the pigeons came down from the tree and started eating the grains. As they were doing so, a huge net fell on them and trapped them all.
The pigeons were taken aback. They noticed a hunter sitting at a distance from the tree, a bow and arrow in hand. The pigeons realized it was the hunter who had trapped them in the net. The hunter got up and began to move towards the pigeons.
The leader of the pigeons spoke, “Friends, we are in great trouble. The hunter will catch us if we do not act swiftly in a few seconds. There is only one option available at this moment. Let all of us use our force together and fly up along with the net. If all of us use our force and fly together, we can fly carrying the net along with us. Let us start now.”
All the pigeons agreed with him and flew high carrying the net along with them. After traveling enough distance away from the hunter, the pigeons settled on a tree and carefully came out of the net one by one and thus escaped the evil design of the hunter.
1. Who strewed the grains over the ground
A. A villager. B. The hunter. C. The pigeon owner. D. The writer.
2. The word “________” has the closest meaning to the underlined word “option”．
A. reason B. choice C. action D. opinion
3. How did the pigeons react when they got trapped
A. They didn't know what to do. B. They tried to fly in all directions.
C. They remained rather calm. D. They decided to fight for their lives.
4. This story wants to tell us that ________.
A. two heads are better than one B. confidence will save everyone
C. teamwork can work wonders D. actions speak louder than words
答案与解析：
一群饥肠辘辘的鸽子在觅食时中了猎人的圈套，领头的鸽子临危不惧，镇定自若，带领其他鸽子最终从网中成功逃出。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的内容可知在地面上抛洒谷物的是那个“猎人”。
2．B 猜测词义题。上一段的最后提到猎人朝鸽子走过来，再结合领头鸽所说的话可推测它们此刻只有一种“选择”。
3．C 推理判断题。结合第三段领头鸽所说的话以及下一段第一句中的内容可推测它们落入圈套后相当镇静。根据常识可知如果鸽子朝四面八方飞，他们就不可能将网带起来，所以B项不正确。
4．C 主旨大意题。群鸽在生命危急之时在领头鸽的带领下共同努力，最终摆脱了猎人的邪恶圈套，由此可知本文的主旨是“团队协作可以创造奇迹”。A项表示“两个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮”；B项表示“自信可挽救每一个人”；D项表示“事实胜于雄辩”，都不能很好地概括文章大意。
B
(2010·石家庄质检)
Once upon a time, two brothers who lived on neighboring farms fell into conflict (冲突). It was the first serious one between them in 40 years of farming peacefully side by side. In the end, they fell apart.
One morning, a man with a carpenter's toolbox came for some work. The elder brother said, “I just have a job for you. Look at the farm across the creek (河沟). My younger brother lives there. It was he who used his bulldozer (推土机) to dig the creek last week to spite (刁难) me. So I want you to build me a fence, an 8 foot high fence, in order not to see his place any more.” The carpenter smiled and said, “I see. I'll try to do a job that satisfies you.” Then the elder brother went downtown.
At sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmer's eyes opened wide! To his surprise, there was no fence there at all! Instead, there was a bridge stretching from one side of the creek to the other! A fine piece of work! He saw his younger brother coming to him with the hands outstretching. The brothers stood at each end of the bridge, and then they met in the middle, taking each other's hands. They turned to see the carpenter lift his toolbox on his shoulder. “No, wait! Stay a few days. I've a lot of other work for you，” said the elder brother. “I'd love to stay on，” the carpenter said, “but I have so many more bridges to build.”
1. What was the life like for the two brothers before the conflict
A. They lived a poor life. B. They lived in peace.
C. They never spoke to each other. D. They lived on the same farm.
2. It can be learned that the carpenter was ________.
A. unwilling to obey the farmer B. fond of building bridges
C. unable to build a fence D. willing to help others
3. The best title for this passage is ________.
A. A Fine Piece of Work B. A Carpenter
C. A Conflict Between Two Brothers D. Two Brothers
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. The elder brother used his bulldozer to dig a creek.
B. The elder brother helped the carpenter build the bridge.
C. The brothers were both satisfied with the carpenter's work.
D. The carpenter planned to build an 8 foot high fence as asked to.
答案与解析：
这是一篇寓意很深的记叙文：一个聪明又乐于助人的木匠使产生冲突的兄弟俩和好如初，化干戈为玉帛。
1．B 细节理解题。从文章第一段“It was the first serious one between them in 40 years of farming peacefully side by side.”可以看出，发生冲突之前他们是和平相处的。
2．D 推理判断题。从文章对木匠的描述和他干活的情况看，他是一个聪明、乐于助人、技术熟练的木匠。
3．A 主旨概括题。文章主要讲述了一位木匠在两个农场之间架了一座桥，这座桥化解了兄弟之间的冲突的故事。因此，无论从具体的桥还是从寓意上的桥来讲它都是一件“杰作”。故A项作为标题最合适。
4．C 细节理解题。由最后一段中兄弟俩的表现尤其是“A fine piece of work！”可知兄弟俩对木匠做的活很满意，故选C项。其他选项与原文内容不符。
C
(2010·重庆调研)
Early one morning the sub inspector at a station at the other end of the town rang me. An elephant was damaging the town. Would I please come and do something about it
I did not know what I could do, but I got onto a horse and started out. I took my gun, maybe too small to kill an elephant, but I thought the noise might scare him. Various local people stopped me on the way and told me about the elephant's doings.
It was not, of course, a wild elephant, but a tame one. It had been chained up but last night it had broken its chain and escaped. Its owner, had set out to run after it, but had taken the wrong direction. He was now twelve hours' journey away, and in the morning the elephant had suddenly appeared in the town. It had already destroyed somebody's bamboo hut (棚屋), killed a cow and turned over fruit stalls.
I came round the hut and saw a man's dead body sprawling in the mud. He was an Indian, and he could not have been dead many minutes. The people said that the elephant caught him with its trunk, put its foot on his back and grounded him into the earth. This was the rainy season and he was lying on his stomach in the soft mud, the__peacebreaker standing beside, looking innocent.
As I lifted my gun, I hesitated a few seconds. Then I fired. That was a shot that did for him.
You could see the pain of it knock the last strength from his legs. But in falling he seemed for a moment to rise, his trunk reaching skyward like a tree. He trumpeted, for the first and only time. And then down he came, with a crash that shook the ground.
1. Which of the following statements about the author is TRUE
A. He was an Indian. B. He knew elephants well.
C. He was not a local villager. D. He was the owner of the elephant.
2. The elephant made so much trouble because ________.
A. its owner treated him cruelly B. it got out of control
C. it hated the village people D. it was a wild elephant
3. The underlined words “the peacebreaker” in Paragraph 4 refer to ________.
A. the elephant B. the dead man C. the author D. the sub inspector
4. It can be inferred that the author felt ________ when he shot the elephant.
A. excited B. sad C. frightened D. happy
答案与解析：
1．C 正误判断题。A项错是因为被大象踩死的那个人是印度人；B项错是因为作者根本不了解大象；D项错在作者根本不是大象的主人。从第一段和第二段知，作者是奉命带上枪去制止那头捣乱的大象的，应该是警察，故C项正确，即他不是村民。
2．B 推理判断题。从第三段知那头驯养的大象跑了出来，造成了不少麻烦。文章中没有提到A、C项，故只是那头大象失去了控制。
3．A 指代题。从画线词the peacebreaker前后可知，它就是那头捣乱的大象。
4．B 推理判断题。从最后一段描述的作者开枪前的犹豫及对大象死前挣扎的描述可知作者是很悲伤的。
二、夹叙夹议文
A
(2010·河南部分重点联考)
Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you, specifically, what are the values which Americans live by. They have never given the matter any thought.
Over the years I have introduced thousands of international visitors to life in the United States. This has caused me to try to look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors. I am confident that the values listed in this booklet describe most (but not all )Americans, and that understanding these values can help you, the international visitor, understand Americans.
It is my belief that if foreign visitors really understand how deeply these 13 values are ingrained in Americans, they will then be able to understand 95% of American actions—actions which might otherwise appear “strange”， “confusing”， or “unbelievable” when evaluated from the perspective (aspect) of the foreigner's own society and its values.
The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of that particular group. When you encounter (meet) an action, or hear a statement in the United States which surprises you, try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed in this booklet.
1. An ordinary American can't tell you his/her value system because ________.
A. this is something an American lives by B. everyone will have his/her own value system
C. he/she has never thought about it D. values are something often in their thought
2. The author lists 13 values in his booklet to ________.
A. invite foreigners to visit America B. look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors
C. describe the confusing actions of most Americans
D. help international visitors understand Americans
3. The underlined word “ingrained” in Line 2, Paragraph 3 most probably means “________”．
A. rooted in the minds B. found in the grains C. planted for food D. prepared with grain
4. Visitors sometimes find Americans behave in a strange, confusing or unbelievable way, probably because ______.
A. Americans are hard to understand
B. Americans have values which are entirely different from their own
C. they view Americans according to the values in their own society
D. it is difficult to understand any people when you first encounter them
答案与解析：
本文是一本书的序言。作者观察到，很多外国游客对美国人的行为举止觉得很奇怪，而这是因为他们不了解美国人的价值观。于是作者写了一本小册子介绍这些价值观。了解了这些东西，人们就不会觉得美国人的行为“怪异、不可思议”了。
1．C 细节理解题。第一段说，美国人很难告诉你他们奉行的价值观是什么，因为他们从来没有想过这个问题。
2．D 推理判断题。由第二、三段的内容可知作者列出美国人的13条价值观是为了帮助外国游客理解美国人的行为举止。
3．A 词义猜测题。结合上下文内容可知这13条是美国人从来不加考虑而奉行的价值观，因此这些是深深地扎根于美国人的大脑中的东西，画线词的含义应该是A项。
4．C 推理判断题。第三段说假如外国游客从自己的文化价值观的角度去看美国人的行为，他们就会觉得美国人的行为表现“怪异，让人看不懂，难以相信”，由此可知选C项。
完形填空是全国各地高考英语必考题型之一，占20分。题型特征是：一篇短文中间留20 个空格，每个空格给出4个选项，要求从中选出最佳答案填入相应的空格内。由于这种题型既考查学生的语法、词法、句法、习惯用法等英语基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查他们对短文的阅读和理解能力。这种题型综合性较强，因而难度较大。总的来说，完形填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感。具体说来，是从语 篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。因此，本文我就考试出题的三个方向、考试题型和具体 解题技巧做了详细阐述：
一、考试出题的大致方向是：
1、词汇：某些词义的识别，同义词辨析。英语习惯用法的熟悉程度。
2、语法结构：语法规则的实际应用。
3、语篇句意：从语篇角度,即上下文和情景语境综合测试考生的阅读理解能力
4. 逻辑推理和生活常识
二、考试题型：
（一）词汇题：
单纯地考单词或短语的释义：
1.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety ____. (‘99)
A. comes off B. turns up C. pays off D. holds up
答案：C.
词汇辨析题：主要是指同义词、近义词的辨析，这类题较难。
2.They are needed for ____ food into energy and body maintenance. (‘96)
A. shifting B. transferring C. altering D. transforming
答案：D.
固定短语搭配题：
3.With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ____ of flyingsintosspace and returning many times. (‘92)
A. capable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit
答案：A.
(二)语法题：
语法结构题，主要是考结构词：代词、介词和从句连接词。
4.Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ____ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. (’94)
A. that B. it C. so D. this 答案：B.
(三)语篇题：
文章的上下文决定所缺处所选择的词.这一考点要求学生根据文章的整体内容进行理解,根据层次结构和内容的逻辑关系,去选择符合文章情节的答案,这也叫情景意义的选择.
5.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people ____ believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. (96)
A. nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile
答案：A.
三、解题技巧
要做好完形填空题，除了要具备较扎实的英语基本功之外，还必须具备良好的应试心态，掌握一定的答题技巧,这样有助于在做题时思路清晰,速度加快,节约时间,增进效益.
1..充满信心，沉着冷静。
无论做什么事情，信心十分重要。有的同学尽管英语基础不错，但由于平时做练 习时有“偏食”的习惯，即喜欢做基础题，怕做综合性较强的能力题（如完形填空、阅读理解等），因而在考试中遇到这类题目时就会感到压力大，信心不足。同学们在做完形填空题时一定要充满信心，沉着冷静，要相信自己的实力。只有这样，答题时才能发挥出自己的最佳水平，减少失误。
2、精读第一句
它是了解全文大意的基石.完形填空文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，或是含有主题词的句子，考生可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想，为下面答题奠定基础。
这里，首先我们要知道英文的主题句的特点。一个有效的主题句应该有以下两个标准：
1.Topic：主题或议题。明确指示段落的内容，起到限定主题范围的作用。
2.Opinion：反映作者对待主题的观点、印象、态度，起到限定段落基调的作用。
知道了英文主题句的特点之后，我们在阅读完型填空文章的第一句话时，就不应该只是读懂其字面中文意思，而是要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容，为接下来做题把准方向。比如1994年考题的首句是：
The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word.
这就是一句非常有效的主题句。据此，我们可以大胆地预测文章的主题是讨论"词汇(word)"与"语言表达(language)"的关系。作者的态度通 过"first and smallest"就说明作者认为"词汇"对于"语言"的重要意义。实际上，该篇文章的确是围绕"词汇"与"语言"的关系展开的。
由此可见，精读第一句对于理解和把握整个文章的中心意义和作者的行文的脉络是非常有效的。这就为我们往下做题指明了方向！
3.通读全文，掌握大意,粗选答案
有 相当一部分同学在没有通读全文、弄懂大意的情况下 就急忙边阅读边依空选择。这是一种不良的答题习惯。而且那些错误的答案会在大脑中先入为主，在复查时很难发现，同学们在做题之前必须先集中精力将短文精读 两遍，掌握其大意，同时要记住短文里的人物、时间或 地点，尤其要注意首句和尾句的含义。这样，答题时才能心中有数。此时可以边阅读边粗选答案,这是为了尽量减少空格,帮助更透彻地了解全文.
4、从上下文寻找信息词
完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相联的语篇，而词语的重复出现、同义词和反义词的使用是重要的连句成篇的词汇纽带，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义词、反义词相互照应等现象。
警示：考生在答题时，不要急于求成。而要充分利用上下文信息词，在继续阅读中寻找和斟酌答案。
充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：
1)Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very very ＿.
A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous
根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此答案为A。
2)Mrs O’Neill asked ＿＿ questions and she didn’t scold us either.
A. no B. certain C. many D. more
and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。
5.形意结合，前后参照
完形填空所要求填的答案在意义上必须和短文内容相符，形式上必须符合语法规 则和习惯用法。有些同学之所以失分较多，其中一个很重要的原因就是顾此失彼。同学们在选择答案时，应先从意义上判断其是否与短文内容相吻合，然后再从形式 上（如时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、固定搭配 等）判断所选答案是否恰当，前后参照，连贯考虑，提高选择的准确率。
比如：
Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩). She is no 41 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research 42 her . They want to see how civilized she can 43 . Already she does many things a human being can do.(95NMET)
41空的选项是foolish/ordinary/special/simple,均为形容词,都能修饰chimpanzee, 根据下文, 此黑猩猩在接受驯化,已经能做人能做的许多事,从而便可确定,她不再是普通的(ordinary)黑猩猩了.如果不前后参照,去辨别四个词的用法,是无法选出正确答案的.
6.先易后难，迂回解题
做完形填空时，对于一时没有把握的题目，可以采用“迂回战术”，在题号前标上记号，先绕过去做下面的题目。在做完较容易的题目之后再回过头来思考那些难题，同时把已确定好了的答 案代入短文，帮助理解。这样，也许难题就不难了。
7、把握文章组织结构
主要是针对语篇题。
做题时，要把准文章作者发展脉络，文章的起承转合，要注意段落与段落之间，句与句之间的内在逻辑联系，领悟暗示，选对答案。
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened __21__. As was discussed before, it was not __22__ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic __23__. (2002)
21. A. between B. before C. since D. later
22. A. after B. by C. during D. until
23. A. means B. method C. medium D. measure
答案：21. A. 22. D. 23. C
分析：我们注意到文章讲了两个时间：20世纪和15、16世纪，而19世纪显然是处在两者之间，故21填between。22题是一语法结构题，固定结 构：It was not until---that---。23题属于前面介绍的"信息词"题。上文中出现的：television, printing, newspaper均说明该题应填medium
8.了解生活常识，确定相关知识。
Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to 30 (1998)
A. check B.read C. keep D.sign
分析: 外国人早上有读报的习惯,其中paper即为报纸.这是理解本文细节的关键,有了这些文化背景知识,可迅速推断出正确答案为B
9.必要时采用排除法,根据已知条件和信息去推断未知事物
10.全文贯通，复查核定
做 完题目后，要仔细复查核定。全方位,多角度地检查所选答案,看能否使全文连贯畅通,内容清晰,主题突出.对于个别拿不准的答案, 应根据语感完成.复查可以采用两种方法：1.不看已选的答案，再 把所有的题目做一遍，然后看看两个答案是否一致，如不一致，再仔细比较鉴别；2.把答案代入短文细读一遍，看所选答案是否与短文整体相吻合，再把每个空白 处与它相对应的4个答案一一对照。
总 之，要提高完形填空的解题水平，除了上面介绍的方法技巧外，在平时的学习实践中，一要不断积累并熟练掌握词汇语法等扎实的基本技能,对于重要的语法项目, 如定语从句状语从句非谓语动词名词性从句等,要加以总结概括,以做题时运用灵活,概念清楚。二要有计划，有目的地训练，加强阅读，提高速度，培养语感,在 实践中感悟的辨析，搭配，学会对文章进行逻辑判断及推理，既要看懂表层意思，更要理解深层次的含义。三要按步骤，由简到难，由短到长地进行有针对性的专项 训练，材料要精选，解题要限时，体裁要多样，运用正确的解题方法与技巧。四要注意分析错题,避免出现类似错误.只要我们持之以恒，解答完形填空的水平就能 得到提高。
高考完形填空试题解题思路与解题技巧 (II)
做完形填空题是基于整个语篇的理解，要求学生掌握相当数量的词汇、句型、词组和一定的阅读理解能力和词语 搭配能力，综合运用语言知识的能力。由此可见完形填空题也是阅读题，是一种难度较大的题型。是对考生阅读理解和语言综合运用能力的测试。本文侧重对完形填 空题进行了全方位的剖析，介绍了完形填空题的理论依据、试题形式、试题性质，详细分析了填空类型、短文长度、间隔设计、成分与结构，总结出一整套完形填空 题的解题思路与技巧，旨在帮助同学们提高解题意识，把握解
题思路，掌握解题技巧。
三、完形填空的解题思路与技巧
1、整体浏览 抓住主题
在做完形填空题前，首先要整体浏览，对全文快速阅读一遍，了解文章的大意，掌握文章的主题，并留心文中的关键词，了解这篇短文说什么，发生的时间、地点、文章的目的、作者的观点与态度等，这对于做好完形填空题能起到事半功倍的效果。因此，了解文章的主题和大意就显得十分重要。人们常说‘看书先看皮，看报先看题’，这是因为书的封面和报纸的标题都能传达一本书和一篇文章的主题。但是完形填空题所选短文一般都是没有标题的，那么要掌握文章的主题怎么办。要找到文章的主题，首先要找到文章的主题句，因为主题句就能反映文章的主题。文章总是围绕一定的主题展开的，而每一个段落则是说明主题的一个方面，概 括了一个段落的中心思想的句子就是主题句。主题句常常出现在段首与段尾，在段首就是一段文章开头的一两句，在段尾就是文章的最后一句；因此浏览短文时，首先要细读段首与段尾；比较起来，主题句位于段首的比例更高一些，所以，首段的第一句或最后一句往往是主题句，它就是引领整篇文章的主旨，是文章的灵魂，因此要抓住不放。作者要支持自己的观点，那么第二段就是作者围绕主题展开的正文。以2000年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：
例 1
Bedtime stories are one of the delights of early childhood. But according to Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland University, parents should not 61(give)up reading to their children 62(after)they enter primary school. She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories help children’s 63(development).
“My 64(research) indicates that once children can read themselves, most parents stop reading 65(to) them,” Dr. Spreadbury says.
“ 66(That) may be at the end of the Year 1,which is far too 67(early).”
Dr. Spreadbury says 68(bedtime)reading not only gives children a good start at school, but brings parents and their children closer.
“This makes it 69(easier) for them to open up and talk to parents about things that are worrying them, or things they are 70(celebrating) in their everyday life.
从上述短文我们可以看出，‘She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories help children’s 63(development).’是该短文的主题句，这是因为下面的三段都是围绕着这个主题展开的。
2、再读全篇 试填答案
许多考生都有这样的经历，做完形填空题时，一看到题目就做，结果自己感到很有把握的答案错了，问题就是对短文的内容和结构没有完整、清晰的了解和把握。因此读第二遍就显得很有必要，这样就可以使考生对短文有更好的把握。在读第二遍时，对于一眼就能看出的答案，不必纠缠，马上就填入，对于那些看看有点像，但没有把握的答案，可以开始试填，待看完第二遍时，再来看看试填的答案，如发现先前填得不对，这时应该及时更正，这时你就会比较有把握，也比较有信 心了。 以2000年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：
例 2
Chinese scientists are again becoming excited about the fact that a large hairy animal may live in central China. Now they hope it won’t be too long before they are able to 71(prove) its existence. Their confidence is the 72(result) of a new discovery of the mystery animal in Hubei Province.
Ten Chinese 73(engineers), enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road. As their bus turned a corner, the men were suddenly 74(amazed) by what they saw. Three 75(tall) animals, covered with long dark hair , were crossing the road. On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped and 76(ran after) them. 77(However), when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great 78(speed) and strength, they did not dare to follow any further.
The men did not take any 79(photographs). However, scientists are 80(delighted) by the discovery, because the engineers were all very well educated people and scientists feel they can 81(rely on) what they described.
After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and 82(collected) some hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the length of the animal’s foot! Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a 83(study) of the forest. But in the meantime, some people 84(refuse) to believe that this half-man, half-monkey exists. They will not believe that it is 85(real) until one of the animals has been caught.
71. a. prove b. analyze c. protect d. check
72. a. basis b. requirement c. result d. preparation
73. a. travelers b. engineers c. scientists d. explorers
74. a. frightened b. amazed c. upset d. inspired
75. a. trained b. rejected c. tall d. violent
76. a. shot at b. looked at c. fought with d. ran after
77. a. However b. Indeed c. Meanwhile d. Anyway
78. a. difficulty b. speed c. care d. pleasure
79. a. bullets b. tools c. medicines d. photographs
80. a. surprised b. delighted c. disturbed d. supported
81. a. rely on b. deal with c. write down d. pass on
82. a. cut b. pulled c. collected d. tore
83. a. film b. tour c. choice d. study
84. a. come b. refuse c. prefer d. have
85. a. wrong b. alive c. real d. correct
在做73题时，我们可以试选a. travelers , 因为后面有‘enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road.’ 但我们再往下读时，就会发现travelers 不对，而应该选b. engineers , 因为在第二段我们会看到‘On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped…’ ，这里的the engineers显然是指the men 和ten Chinese engineers。再如74题，很多学生一开始会选a. frightened, 因为受了后面句子的影响：‘Three __75____ animals, covered with long dark hair , were crossing the road.’ 特别是受到‘covered with long dark hair’的影响。当下文的空格完成以后，我们就会发现选frightened不对，而应选b. amazed, 因为下文有 ‘On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped and 76(ran after) them.’如果中国工程师们 were frightened(frighten: vt. to fill with fear; alarm充满恐惧；惊恐), 他们就不会stopped and ran after them. 所以要选amazed(astonished).这是一个非常典型的关于‘再读全篇 试填答案’的例子。当你做题目没有把握时，就先试填，待文章看完时再回过头来检查你试填的答案，这不失为做完形填空题的好方法之一。
3、瞻前顾后 寻找关联
我们在‘再读全篇，试填答案’一节中所谈的已涉及到‘瞻前顾后 寻找关联’的某些含义，但侧重‘试填’；而我们将在这里侧重谈‘瞻前顾后 寻找关联’。完形填空题的特点基于整个语篇的理解，不从单句入手，有时如果从某一个单句来理解，四个选项都可以填入，但从整个语篇来看，答案只有一个。一般来讲，一个学生如果具有较高语言水平，较好的文化背景知识，史地及其他知识比较丰富的话，做该题型的困难就会比较少；可容忍被挖掉的词就会多一些，反之亦然。但对于相同知识水平的学生来讲，讲究方法就尤其重要了。在做题目的时候，首先要对空格前后句子，然后对该空格相应的选项进行全面分析。通过‘瞻前顾后，寻找关联’来确定空格中的词的词性、意思、和功能。如果是功能性的空格，则要求学生填入虚词即连词、介词、冠词等，那么就应根据功能来选答案。如果是语法问题，那么就要考虑时态和语态是否符合上下文、主谓是否一致；如果是语义空格，那么则要求考生填入实词即动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等，那么就要 通过上下文进行分析，根据文章的语义环境，做到‘瞻前顾后，寻找关联’，然后作出合理的判断。以2002年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例：
例 3
Have you ever regretted doing something you shouldn’t have done or something you didn’t do which you should have At one time or another we probably all have. There’s no 51( point) in getting depressed about it now—it’s no 52( use) crying over spilt milk. However, there may be some gain in thinking about exactly what happened and why 53(because) we might be able to draw some conclusions for the future.
One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54(temper) with a friend or close relative. The odd thing is that we more often display great 55(anger) towards someone we are fond of than towards 56(strangers) . The explanation may be that we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net, an opportunity to 57 (let off) a bit of steam in a safe environment, while the consequences of 58(insulting) a stranger could be far more serious.
Being honest is usually thought of as a virtue and undoubtedly this is the 59(case). On the other hand, we have all experienced occasions when we have spoken our minds to someone, telling them exactly what we feel, and then have found ourselves filled with feelings of 60(guilt) . Perhaps we should have kept our mouths shut
51. a. reason b. purpose c. point d. result
52. a. use b. help c. value d. benefit
53. a. so b. because c. but d. though
54. a. mind b. memory c. manner d. temper
55. a. anger b. interest c. love d. respect
56. a. strangers b. friends c. relatives d. colleagues
57. a. run through b. throw away c. give up d. let off
58. a. inviting b. insulting c. speaking to d. believing in
59. a. issue b. case c. event d. factor
60. a. excitement b. happiness c. pride d. guilt
以做55题为例，单从这一句来看，四个选项a. anger b. interest c. love d. respect都可以填进去, 但从下文的‘we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net,’(我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网。) ‘an opportunity to let off a bit of steam in safe environment’ (一种在安全环境中可以宣泄怨气的机会)。再从前文的‘The odd thing is that …(奇怪的事是…), 因此第55题可以判断选anger, 这样才能符合题义：‘奇怪的事是我们更经常地对我们喜欢的某些人发泄愤怒。’在做这个题目的时候，我们‘瞻前’又‘顾后’，所以就比较顺利。再比如做54 题，我们也可以从下文的‘we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net,’(我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网。)和‘an opportunity to let off a bit of steam in safe environment’得到启示,很容易看出要选d, 以构成lose our temper的结构。根据这一原则，我们就能顺利地选出56题的答案是a, strangers, 这是因为上文提到的‘我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网’，也就是说我们经常对朋友和亲戚发脾气比较安全，而对strangers发脾气的后果就比较严重， 据此我们也就能够很容易得出结论58题应该选b, insulting。我们在做完形填空题时，做到瞻前顾后，寻找关联，这样就能做到在高考中得高分。
4、完形完义 立足全局
做完形填空有两个程序：一是完形（选择选项，然后填补空白）；二是完义（阅读短文，然后理解短文）。但是完形必须在完义的基础上进行，也就是说首先要在阅读理解短文的基础上做好完形。完形必须服从完义，单句必须服从段落，段落必须服从全文，局部必须服从全局。因此，我们在做完形填空题时，不能读一句做一句，更不能看到就填，这样往往要出差错。先从整体到局部完义，再从局部到整体完形，完形完义，立足全局。以2001年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空 为例：
例4
Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. They sleep better and wake up feeling more 61(refreshed) , in part due to increased amounts of deep sleep. Deep sleep may play a role in the body restoring itself 62(physically) , as opposed to REM(rapid eye movement) or dreaming sleep. Researchers have found that physical exercise, especially 63(done) in the afternoon or early evening, produces more 64(deep sleep) early in the night. 65(Exercise)can also help you get a better night’s sleep in a number of indirect ways. The relaxation and tiredness 66(caused) by exercise can improve sleep.
Exercise encourages weight loss and also may 67(relieve) depression. Exercising later in the day can also help delay the 68(nighttime) drop in your body’s temperature. The 69(benefits) of exercise are especially important for older people, 70(since) exercise has been shown to increase the amount of sleep senior adults get in a night and reduce the time it takes to fall asleep. But be sure you finish exercising at least 4 hours before bedtime---working out later than that could leave you too excited to fall asleep easily.
61. a. conscious b. peaceful c. effective d. refreshed
62. a. physically b. mentally c. emotionally d. regularly
63. a. made b. done c. functioned d. conducted
64. a. night’s sleep b. dreaming sleep c. deep sleep d. REM
65. a. Exercise b. Dreams c. Researchers d. Doctors
66. a. recovered b. strengthened c. caused d. reduced
67. a. increase b. relieve c. release d. arouse
68. a. nighttime b. daytime c. dinnertime d. lifetime
69. a. disadvantages b. benefits c. ways d. places
70. a. yet b. if c. when d. since
在做完形填空题时，我们首先要找到主题句（topic sentence），以便抓住中心，了解文章的大意，这样做有利于我们做后面的填空。浏览一下本篇短文，我们就知道这篇短文的主题句就是：Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. 因此我们就知道这篇文章是谈论锻炼身体方面的。下文的填空就是关于这一方面的。我们在上文已经谈到“完形必须服从完义，单句必须服从段落，段落必须服从全 文，局部必须服从全局”的解题原则。在这一篇短文的第一段，我们从physical activity和in the body得到启示，62题应该填a. physically；从第二句和第三句的deep sleep得到启示，64题应填c. deep sleep; 62与64题的做法很典型地体现了“完形必须服从完义”，“单句必须服从段落”的原则。而61与63题则根据“瞻前顾后，寻找关联”的原则就可以解出,一个人如果sleep better，那么醒过来就会感到refreshed, 我们do exercise而不是made, functioned,或conducted exercise。我们在做65题时，可以从第一段和第三段得到启示，第一段提到两处‘physical activity’ 和‘physical exercise’, 而第三段有5处exercise或exercising, 结合第二段的意义，就不难看出65题应填a. Exercise. 再看69题，从单句的语法上看，四个选项都可以填进去，从单句的意义上看，benefits, ways, places三个选项都可以填进去，但从全文来看，特别是文章第一句的‘regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit’，就只有b. benefits填进去才对，而且是唯一的答案。65题和69题的做法体现了“完形必须服从完义”，“段落必须服从全文，局部必须服从全局”的原则。
5、复读全文 验证答案
我们做完形填空题的最后一道工序就是“复读全文 验证答案”。 题目做完以后，我们要把‘完形’后的全文再读一遍，看看是否‘完义’，检查自己对全文的理解是否准确，情节发展是否合理，全文前后上下是否符合逻辑，验证 自己完形的答案是否能使全文贯通流畅，如果读起来流畅而通顺，说明既完形又完义；反之，则说明我们对文章还没有完全理解，也就是说虽然‘完形’了，但还没 有‘完义’，必须重新推敲已填答案。此外，还要从语法上看句子是否主谓一致，特别要注意非谓语动词是否与主语一致，时态是否前后呼应，检查动宾搭配，动 词、形容词、名词与介词的搭配是否合理，如果发现问题，则要根据文章的主题思想、本句、本段和全文的上下文与逻辑关系，重新选择选项；如果个别选项实在没 有把握，那就根据感觉猜一个，但决不能放弃。总之，我们要从完形和完义、语法和语义等方面进行推敲，修正错误，弥补疏漏，从而使自己的答案尽可能地接近或 达到完美。
完形填空专项训练答案详解
（一）
The Ministry of Education has spared no efforts to bring on IT learning. What is its main aim Is it to teach students how to learn the computer or is it meant to change the usual method of teaching in order to 1 students’ strong interest in computers
Teaching students computer knowledge and skills is different 2 giving class lessons through the use of computers. And schools are beginning to pay much attention to using computers to teach students. There is 3 about the fact that IT learning plays an important role as a new teaching tool in this day of technology. 4 ,?views differ on whether the schools can achieve their targets, as success 5 whether they can make use of computers effectively.
Let’s take the subject of Chinese as an example and see 6 difficulties the experts face in their IT management. At present,20 percent of lessons are given with the help of computers. In other words, in a period of 10 weeks, a Chinese-language teacher must spend two weeks to teach the subject 7 .In carrying out such a major policy as IT learning, the experts should know the 8 that different teachers teaching different subjects have different demands, thus making it 9 to see the policy through.
Some teachers, having already got some computer knowledge, will still be forced to 10 the training courses with those who have zero knowledge about computer.
Another problem is that new teachers may be sent to work in schools 11 IT learning has just started. All teachers—including the seniors who are very 12 in teaching, but who suddenly have no idea what to do when it comes to computers will have to 13 from the very beginning. They will become 14 and their teaching performances may be badly affected. The experts have found out how much of each subject is taught by computers in every school, and have 15 all schools to complete the given work. A hard-pressed teacher may put the daily teaching 16 or the courses onto the computer just to order the required time for IT learning and then 17 the usual way. Furthermore, he may leave school work to his 18 through the computer before class comes to an end in order to “complete” his IT learning 19 . 20 the teaching of the Chinese language is concerned, do computer lessons really achieve the desire goals to raise the students’ level of Chinese, pass on common values and so on I am not so sure.
1.A.show B.be C.match D.have
【解析】 句子的主语是IT learning(即：using computers to teach students)，IT learning是教师的教学行为，不可能show students’ strong interest in computers，只能是教师用计算机辅助教学与学生对计算机的浓厚兴趣相一致，故用match（find sth.like or suitable for use with相称，相配)。【答案】 C
2.A.with B.to C.in D.from
【解析】 different与from搭配，在这里表示“教学生有关计算机的知识技能与通过使用计算机辅助教学是不同的两件事”。【答案】 D
3.A.no reason B.no doubt C.no need D.no time
【解析】 作者先是肯定了在科技时代，信息技术作为新的教学工具起着重要作用这一事实，故用no doubt。【答案】 B
4.A.However B.Therefore C.And D.So
【解析】 接着，用however表示转折，提出不同看法：学校能否成功地达到目标取决于他们是否能有效地使用计算机辅助教学。【答案】 A
5.A.depends on B.leads to C.results in D.believes in
【解析】 depend on：依靠；lead to：导致；result in：造成、引起；believe in：信赖，A项符合文意。【答案】 A
6.A.that B.such C.what D.how
【解析】 作者以中文教学为例，表明专家们在他们IT教学管理中面临着怎样的困难。what在此作连接代词，修饰difficulties，引导一个宾语从句作see的宾语。【答案】 C
7.A.the usual way B.the regular way C.the best way D.the new way
【解析】 根据文意，教师用计算机辅助教学是一种新的教学方法。【答案】 D
8.A.fact B.message C.news D.truth
【解析】 同位语从句中所表达的内容(执教不同学科的老师有不同的要求)是一个事实。答案】 A
9.A.easy B.helpful C.hard D.fast
【解析】 老师教的学科不同，要求不同，故使这一政策很难进行到底。【答案】 C
10.A.sit for B.run for C.give D.attend
【解析】 training course应该是attend，即根据上述政策，懂得计算机知识的教师也得去参加计算机教学的培训课程。【答案】 D
11.A.for which B.that C.where D.which
【解析】 此处用where引导一个定语从句，作school的定语，where在从句中充当地点状语。
【答案】 C
12.A.interested B.satisfied C.successful D.experienced
【解析】 此处指在教学中有经验的老教师。【答案】 D
13.A.work B.start C.teach D.manage
【解析】 有经验的老教师面对用计算机进行教学无所适从，也得从头开始。【答案】 B
14.A.pleased B.disappointed C.certain D.comfortable
【解析】 面对新的难题，他们感到灰心，乃至他们的教学工作也受到不好的影响。【答案】 B
15.A.ordered B.improved C.encouraged D.instructed
【解析】 作为expert，自然应该是instruct(指导)学校去完成交给的工作(即IT learning)。【答案】 D
16.A.methods B.skills C.programs D.performances
【解析】 performances在这里是指“教学工作”。【答案】 D
17.A.make a living B.give lessons C.go to lectures D.does work
【解析】 作者表明：“有的教师迫于压力，将日常教学工作通过计算机来进行，是为了服从IT teaching所规定的时间要求，而后又用老办法上课。”【答案】 B
18.A.work-mates B.headmasters C.instructors D.students
【解析】 从四个选项中可以判断，A、B、C三项都不是老师的做法。【答案】 D
19.A.skills B.experiences C.duties D.methods
【解析】 再者，有的教师为了完成他的IT教学任务，课外作业也让学生在课堂上通过计算机去做。
【答案】 C
20.A.As B.So long as C.Even though D.As far as
【解析】 as far as常与be concerned搭配，表示“就……而言”。【答案】 D
（二）
People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a 1 problem. They often accept the opinion or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error.? 2 ,?when all of these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 3 in analyzing a problem.
4 the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must 5 that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the person must find the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must 6 the parts that are wrong.
Now the person must look for 7 that will make the problem clearer and lead to 8 solutions. For example, suppose Sam decides that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes. 9 ,he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, 10 his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.
After 11 the problem, the person should have 12 suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example 13 ,his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones.
In the end, one 14 seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the 15 idea comes quite 16 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a 17 way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum(口香糖) stuck to a brake. He 18 hits on the solution to his problem: he must 19 the brake.
Finally the solution is 20 .Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short he has solved the problem.
1.A.serious B.usual C.similar D.common
【解析】 从上文的提示“try to remember a solution from the last time”，表明人们一旦遇上类似的问题，首先想到的是上次碰到这类问题的解决办法。只有问题“类似”，才会想到“上一次”的办法。
【答案】 C
2.A.Besides B.Instead C.Otherwise D.However
【解析】 下文用however表示转折，表明作者观点：有时靠老办法往往不灵，于是人们便开始分析问题，寻找新的解决途径。【答案】 D
3.A.ways B.conditions C.stages D.orders
【解析】 从下文的列举看，作者讲的是解决问题的六个阶段，且层层深入(stage：a period in a course of events)，而不是在阐述解决问题的六个办法、条件、顺序。【答案】 C
4.A.First B.Usually C.In general D.Most importantly
【解析】 下文next，finally等表明作者在列举分析问题、解决问题的几个步骤，故填first(首先)，与下文呼应。【答案】 A
5.A.explain B.prove C.show D.see
【解析】 作为分析的第一步，Sam必须查看自行车的毛病出在哪儿。see在此的含义是：examine or recognize by looking。【答案】 D
6.A.check B.determine C.correct D.recover
【解析】 determine在这里意为“断定、确定”的意思，因为只有断定哪个部分有问题，才会找到针对性的解决办法。【答案】 B
7.A.answers B.skills C.explanation D.information
【解析】 下文he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes，talked to his friends at the bike shop，表明Sam是在查找有关自行车修理的资料和信息。【答案】 D
8.A.possible B.exact C.real D.special
【解析】 此时的解决方案尚未确定，故只能是possible solutions，下文a possible solution有暗示。
【答案】 A
9.A.In other words B.Once in a while C.First of all D.At this time
【解析】 at this time表示Sam断定车闸出了毛病的同时即查找修理车闸的资料。【答案】 D
10.A.look for B.talk to C.agree with D.depend on
【解析】 此处用talk to表明Sam与自行车店的朋友通过交谈了解修理自行车车闸的有关资料、信息。【答案】 B
11.A.discussing B.settling down C.comparing with D.studying
【解析】 上文Sam所做的一切均属于studying(学习、研究)的行为。【答案】 D
12.A.extra B.enough C.several D.countless
【解析】 下文所举的tighten or loosen the brakes；buy new brakes and change the old ones表明此处应填several。【答案】 C
13.A.secondly B.again C.also D.alone
【解析】 作者再次以Sam修自行车为例，说明确定问题所在之后如何解决问题，有一些意见、建议可供选择。【答案】 B
14.A.suggestion B.conclusion C.decision D.discovery
【解析】 上文表明有一些建议可供选择，但最终导致解决问题似乎只有其中的一条。【答案】 A
15.A.next B.clear C.final D.new
【解析】 从下文举例看，有时导致解决问题最后的主意纯属意外。【答案】 C
16.A.unexpectedly B.late C.clearly D.often
【解析】 上文提到Sam解决自行车车闸问题有几条建议可供选择：拧紧或放松车闸，买新车闸，更换旧车闸，这时Sam突然发现车闸不灵的原因是一块口香糖将车闸粘住了，最终导致解决问题的办法便是意料之外了。【答案】 A
17.A.simple B.different C.quick D.sudden
【解析】 车闸问题的意外发现使Sam立即采取了完全不同的解决办法(既非拧紧或放松车闸，亦非更换车闸)。【答案】 B
18.A.fortunately B.easily C.clearly D.immediately
【解析】 发现了问题的症结所在，解决问题便当机立断，毫不迟疑。【答案】 D
19.A.clean B.separate C.loosen D.remove
【解析】 既然口香糖粘住了车闸，只需清洗干净就可解决问题。【答案】 A
20.A.recorded B.completed C.tested D.accepted
【解析】 Sam的解决办法经过“检验(test)”获得了成功，他的问题解决了。【答案】 C
（六）
Every time I passed boys who were playing basketball, I stopped to silently watch them. I really envied them. But as a girl, I once thought that I could 36 play basketball.
I like playing basketball though I'm not good at it. I've had a basketball 37 I was a child. At first, I could play freely because no one 38 when I was just a kid. But as I grew up it seemed harder and harder for me to enjoy basketball.
At school, it was always the boys who played basketball during PE classes. The girls were 39 allowed to play volleyball or badminton.
My parents did not 40 me play basketball at home. "Basketball is not fit for girls," they said. 41 I went to play basketball with my friends, boys 42 at me on the court as if I were an alien.
I was feeling 43 and had lost hope of playing basketball. 44 , something changed the first day of high school. I made some friends who also enjoyed playing basketball. They 45 me to get back on the court.
One of them told me with a smile, "Go your own 46 , let others talk." This girl would always play basketball with me. Even the boy who sat next to me in class talked about 47 with me almost every day.
I was inspired by them. Confidence and passion 48 to my heart. I am ready to stand up and play. I will play as well as I can, 49 for me, even the sky is boundless (无垠的).
Basketball has become an important part of my 50 . I am interested in it. I watch matches and enjoy playing almost every day. Through basketball, not only do I feel happy and confident, but also 51 a lot.
I've heard the NBA star Tracy McGrady say, "Nothing is impossible." It is from an advertisement on TV. I have 52 to realize that life is just like playing basket: ball. You should have an 53 . After that, just be confident and 54 going. Never give up and you'll make it sooner or later.
I love the motto of the NBA. It can 55 my strong feelings for basketball, "I love this game!"
36. A. ever B. often C. never D. always
37. A. when B. before C. after D. since
38. A. struggled B. eared C. enjoyed D. joined
39. A. only B. almost C. hardly D. not
40. A. encourage B. agree C. let D. permit
41. A. Still B. Yet C. Just D. Even
42. A. looked B. glared C. glanced D. stared
43. A. up B. down C. excited D. satisfied
44. A. Unluckily B. Naturally C. Unexpectedly D. Clearly
45. A. encouraged B. forbade C. ensured D. explored
46. A. effort B. way C. business D. direction
47. A. basketball B. sports C. interests D. dreams
48. A. stuck B. referred C. turned D. returned
49. A. but B. though C. and D. however
50. A. wish B. life C. work D. study
51. A. experience B. grow C. learn D. play
52. A. come B. turned C. refused D. happened
53. A. idea B. aim C. opinion D. effort
54. A, insist B. remain C. keep D. last
55. A. inform B. express C. ignore D. connect
参考答案：
36
37．D
38．B 一开始“我”可以自由打篮球，因为我只是个小孩，没有人会介意。
39．A 与上文it was always the boys who played basketball形成对照，应填only，表示人们对男女生学校活动的性别刻板化印象。
40．C 在家里父母也不让“我”打篮球．A项搭配不对。
41．D
42．D 甚至当“我”去和朋友们打篮球时，男孩们也盯着“我”看(不理解)，就好像“我”是个外星人似的。用stare at表示“盯着”。glare指“怒视”，不妥。glance指“瞥一眼”。根据语境，文中要表达的意息应是其他男孩不解地盯着自己。
43．B 学校不谁、家庭不让、男孩不理解使“我”打篮球的梦想根本无法实现，“我”感到心情沮丧。feel down引申为“感觉沮丧的”。
44．C 下文交待“我”新交的朋友鼓励“我”重新回到篮球场，这一转机在当时是无法预料的，故填Unexpectedly．
45．A 他们鼓励“我’回到篮球场。
46．B 走你自己的路，让别人去说吧。
47．A 本文话题是篮球与女生，因此该空应填basketball。
48．D 在朋友们的鼓励与引导下，自信、激情又回到“我”心中。
49．C
50．B 篮球已变成“我”生命的一部分。
51．C 通过篮球，我不但感到幸福、自信，而且还学到很多东西。
52．A “我”逐渐意识到生活就像打篮球。
53．B
54．C 你首先应该有一个目标，然后应自信，并且不停地走下去。
55．B 这个格言能够表达“我”对篮球的强烈感情。．C 上文silently watch和really envied暗示了该空应填never．下文介绍的成长过程中“我”无法享受对篮球的爱也是选择线索。
（十六）
Creativity is the key to a brighter future,say education and business experts.Here is 1 ? schools and parents can encourage this important skill in children.
If Dick Drew had listened to his 2 in 1925,we might not have a product that we now think of as of great importance:a new type of 3 .Drew worked for the Minnesota Minting Company.
4 he developed a kind of material strong enough to hold things together. 5 his boss told him not to think more about the 6 .Finally,using his own time,Drew improved the tape, 7
now is used everywhere by many people.And his former company learned from its 8 .Now it encouraged people to 9 15 percent of their work time just thinking and developing new ideas.
Creativity is not 10 one is just born with,nor is it necessarily a character of high 11 ?
.Just because a person is highly intelligent does not mean that he uses it creatively. 12 is the matter of using the resources one has to produce new ideas that are good for something. 13 ,
schools have not tried to encourage creativity.With strong attention to test results and the development of reading,writing and mathematical skills,many educators 14 creativity for correct answers.The result is that children can 15 information but can’t recognize ways to use it in new situations.They may know the rules correctly,but they are unable to use them to 16 ? practical problems.
It is important to give children choices.From the earliest age,children should be allowed to
17 and understand their results.Even if it’s choosing between two food items for lunch,decision-making helps 18 skills.As children grow older, 19 should let their children decide how to use their time or spend their money,but not help them too much if they make the wrong decision.The child may 20 ,but that is all right.This is because the most important character of creative people is a very strong desire to find a way out of trouble.
1.A.way B.how C.what D.where
【解析】 由上下文逻辑联系可知，本文主要讲述“学校和父母是如何鼓励、培养孩子们的创造力的”。
【答案】 B
2.A.teacher B.director C.boss D.headmaster
【解析】 与下文中的…his boss told him not to think more about the idea…对应可知。【答案】 C
3.A.tape B.product C.company D.material
【解析】 由下文的…Finally,using his own time,Drew improved the tape…对应可知。【答案】 A
4.A.On business B.At work C.At table D.At home
【解析】 与下文中的…but his boss told him not to think more about the idea.Finally,?using his own time,Drew improved the tape…对应可知。【答案】 B
5.A.Meanwhile B.However C.While D.But
【解析】 由上文逻辑联系可知，此处应表示转折关系。【答案】 D
6.A.idea B.product C.tape D.job
【解析】 与下文Now it encouraged people to spend 15 percent of their work time just thinking and deceloping new ideas…对应可知。【答案】 A
7.A.this B.that C.what D.which
【解析】 此处考查指代事物的非限制性定语从句。【答案】 D
8.A.discovery B.invention C.mistake D.lesson
【解析】 本句话的意思是“其前任公司从老板的决策失误(mistake)中汲取了经验教训”。
【答案】 C
9.A.spend B.waste C.cost D.save
【解析】 本题考查固定句型结构Somebody spends some time（in) doing something。【答案】 A
10.A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing
【解析】 本句话的意思为“创造力不是与生俱来的东西……”。【答案】 B
11.A.ability B.activity C.intelligence D.quality
【解析】 与下文中的Just because a person is highly intelligent does not mean that he uses it creatively…对应可知。【答案】 C
12.A.Desire B.Character C.Courage D.Creativity
【解析】 与全文主题对应可知。【答案】 D
13.A.Unfortunately B.Surprisingly C.Strangely D.Fortunately
【解析】 由上下文逻辑关系可知。【答案】 A
14.A.give in B.give up C.give out D.give off
【解析】 与上文中的Unfortunately,schools have not tried to encourage creativeity…对应可知。
【答案】 B
15.A.give back B.find out C.ask for D.bring up
【解析】 上文中的…schools have not tried to encourage creativity.With strong attention to test results and the development of reading,writing and mathematical skills,many educators give up creativeity for correct answers…对应可知。 【答案】 A
16.A.work at B.work out C.work for D.work on
【解析】 本题根据上下文的意思应表示“计算”的意思，故用work out。【答案】 B
17.A.make time B.make progress C.make their way D.make decisions
【解析】 由下文Even if it’s choosing between two food items for lunch,decision-making helps thinking skills…对应可知。【答案】 D
18.A.judging B.choosing C.thinking D.deciding
【解析】 根据常识可知，“创造力属于思维（thinking）的范畴”。【答案】 C
19.A.teachers B.managers C.parents D.coaches
【答案】 C
20.A.have a good time B.make mistakes C.have a hard time D.have a breakdown
【解析】 由下文This is because the most important character of creative people is a very strong desire to find a way out of trouble对应可知。本句话的意思为：“（这样做）孩子可能会吃一些苦头，但是那没有关系”。【答案】 D
一、记叙文
A
(2010·河南调研)
A flock of hungry pigeons were flying across the sky in search of food. Having traveled a long distance, they felt tired and settled down on a tree. Just below the tree, they saw grains strewn (撒满) all over the ground. The pigeons were happy to have found enough food to eat. All the pigeons came down from the tree and started eating the grains. As they were doing so, a huge net fell on them and trapped them all.
The pigeons were taken aback. They noticed a hunter sitting at a distance from the tree, a bow and arrow in hand. The pigeons realized it was the hunter who had trapped them in the net. The hunter got up and began to move towards the pigeons.
The leader of the pigeons spoke, “Friends, we are in great trouble. The hunter will catch us if we do not act swiftly in a few seconds. There is only one option available at this moment. Let all of us use our force together and fly up along with the net. If all of us use our force and fly together, we can fly carrying the net along with us. Let us start now.”
All the pigeons agreed with him and flew high carrying the net along with them. After traveling enough distance away from the hunter, the pigeons settled on a tree and carefully came out of the net one by one and thus escaped the evil design of the hunter.
1. Who strewed the grains over the ground
A. A villager. B. The hunter. C. The pigeon owner. D. The writer.
2. The word “________” has the closest meaning to the underlined word “option”．
A. reason B. choice C. action D. opinion
3. How did the pigeons react when they got trapped
A. They didn't know what to do. B. They tried to fly in all directions.
C. They remained rather calm. D. They decided to fight for their lives.
4. This story wants to tell us that ________.
A. two heads are better than one B. confidence will save everyone
C. teamwork can work wonders D. actions speak louder than words
答案与解析：
一群饥肠辘辘的鸽子在觅食时中了猎人的圈套，领头的鸽子临危不惧，镇定自若，带领其他鸽子最终从网中成功逃出。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的内容可知在地面上抛洒谷物的是那个“猎人”。
2．B 猜测词义题。上一段的最后提到猎人朝鸽子走过来，再结合领头鸽所说的话可推测它们此刻只有一种“选择”。
3．C 推理判断题。结合第三段领头鸽所说的话以及下一段第一句中的内容可推测它们落入圈套后相当镇静。根据常识可知如果鸽子朝四面八方飞，他们就不可能将网带起来，所以B项不正确。
4．C 主旨大意题。群鸽在生命危急之时在领头鸽的带领下共同努力，最终摆脱了猎人的邪恶圈套，由此可知本文的主旨是“团队协作可以创造奇迹”。A项表示“两个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮”；B项表示“自信可挽救每一个人”；D项表示“事实胜于雄辩”，都不能很好地概括文章大意。
B
(2010·石家庄质检)
Once upon a time, two brothers who lived on neighboring farms fell into conflict (冲突). It was the first serious one between them in 40 years of farming peacefully side by side. In the end, they fell apart.
One morning, a man with a carpenter's toolbox came for some work. The elder brother said, “I just have a job for you. Look at the farm across the creek (河沟). My younger brother lives there. It was he who used his bulldozer (推土机) to dig the creek last week to spite (刁难) me. So I want you to build me a fence, an 8 foot high fence, in order not to see his place any more.” The carpenter smiled and said, “I see. I'll try to do a job that satisfies you.” Then the elder brother went downtown.
At sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmer's eyes opened wide! To his surprise, there was no fence there at all! Instead, there was a bridge stretching from one side of the creek to the other! A fine piece of work! He saw his younger brother coming to him with the hands outstretching. The brothers stood at each end of the bridge, and then they met in the middle, taking each other's hands. They turned to see the carpenter lift his toolbox on his shoulder. “No, wait! Stay a few days. I've a lot of other work for you，” said the elder brother. “I'd love to stay on，” the carpenter said, “but I have so many more bridges to build.”
1. What was the life like for the two brothers before the conflict
A. They lived a poor life. B. They lived in peace.
C. They never spoke to each other. D. They lived on the same farm.
2. It can be learned that the carpenter was ________.
A. unwilling to obey the farmer B. fond of building bridges
C. unable to build a fence D. willing to help others
3. The best title for this passage is ________.
A. A Fine Piece of Work B. A Carpenter
C. A Conflict Between Two Brothers D. Two Brothers
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. The elder brother used his bulldozer to dig a creek.
B. The elder brother helped the carpenter build the bridge.
C. The brothers were both satisfied with the carpenter's work.
D. The carpenter planned to build an 8 foot high fence as asked to.
答案与解析：
这是一篇寓意很深的记叙文：一个聪明又乐于助人的木匠使产生冲突的兄弟俩和好如初，化干戈为玉帛。
1．B 细节理解题。从文章第一段“It was the first serious one between them in 40 years of farming peacefully side by side.”可以看出，发生冲突之前他们是和平相处的。
2．D 推理判断题。从文章对木匠的描述和他干活的情况看，他是一个聪明、乐于助人、技术熟练的木匠。
3．A 主旨概括题。文章主要讲述了一位木匠在两个农场之间架了一座桥，这座桥化解了兄弟之间的冲突的故事。因此，无论从具体的桥还是从寓意上的桥来讲它都是一件“杰作”。故A项作为标题最合适。
4．C 细节理解题。由最后一段中兄弟俩的表现尤其是“A fine piece of work！”可知兄弟俩对木匠做的活很满意，故选C项。其他选项与原文内容不符。
C
(2010·重庆调研)
Early one morning the sub inspector at a station at the other end of the town rang me. An elephant was damaging the town. Would I please come and do something about it
I did not know what I could do, but I got onto a horse and started out. I took my gun, maybe too small to kill an elephant, but I thought the noise might scare him. Various local people stopped me on the way and told me about the elephant's doings.
It was not, of course, a wild elephant, but a tame one. It had been chained up but last night it had broken its chain and escaped. Its owner, had set out to run after it, but had taken the wrong direction. He was now twelve hours' journey away, and in the morning the elephant had suddenly appeared in the town. It had already destroyed somebody's bamboo hut (棚屋), killed a cow and turned over fruit stalls.
I came round the hut and saw a man's dead body sprawling in the mud. He was an Indian, and he could not have been dead many minutes. The people said that the elephant caught him with its trunk, put its foot on his back and grounded him into the earth. This was the rainy season and he was lying on his stomach in the soft mud, the__peacebreaker standing beside, looking innocent.
As I lifted my gun, I hesitated a few seconds. Then I fired. That was a shot that did for him.
You could see the pain of it knock the last strength from his legs. But in falling he seemed for a moment to rise, his trunk reaching skyward like a tree. He trumpeted, for the first and only time. And then down he came, with a crash that shook the ground.
1. Which of the following statements about the author is TRUE
A. He was an Indian. B. He knew elephants well.
C. He was not a local villager. D. He was the owner of the elephant.
2. The elephant made so much trouble because ________.
A. its owner treated him cruelly B. it got out of control
C. it hated the village people D. it was a wild elephant
3. The underlined words “the peacebreaker” in Paragraph 4 refer to ________.
A. the elephant B. the dead man C. the author D. the sub inspector
4. It can be inferred that the author felt ________ when he shot the elephant.
A. excited B. sad C. frightened D. happy
答案与解析：
1．C 正误判断题。A项错是因为被大象踩死的那个人是印度人；B项错是因为作者根本不了解大象；D项错在作者根本不是大象的主人。从第一段和第二段知，作者是奉命带上枪去制止那头捣乱的大象的，应该是警察，故C项正确，即他不是村民。
2．B 推理判断题。从第三段知那头驯养的大象跑了出来，造成了不少麻烦。文章中没有提到A、C项，故只是那头大象失去了控制。
3．A 指代题。从画线词the peacebreaker前后可知，它就是那头捣乱的大象。
4．B 推理判断题。从最后一段描述的作者开枪前的犹豫及对大象死前挣扎的描述可知作者是很悲伤的。
二、夹叙夹议文
A
(2010·河南部分重点联考)
Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you, specifically, what are the values which Americans live by. They have never given the matter any thought.
Over the years I have introduced thousands of international visitors to life in the United States. This has caused me to try to look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors. I am confident that the values listed in this booklet describe most (but not all )Americans, and that understanding these values can help you, the international visitor, understand Americans.
It is my belief that if foreign visitors really understand how deeply these 13 values are ingrained in Americans, they will then be able to understand 95% of American actions—actions which might otherwise appear “strange”， “confusing”， or “unbelievable” when evaluated from the perspective (aspect) of the foreigner's own society and its values.
The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of that particular group. When you encounter (meet) an action, or hear a statement in the United States which surprises you, try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed in this booklet.
1. An ordinary American can't tell you his/her value system because ________.
A. this is something an American lives by B. everyone will have his/her own value system
C. he/she has never thought about it D. values are something often in their thought
2. The author lists 13 values in his booklet to ________.
A. invite foreigners to visit America B. look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors
C. describe the confusing actions of most Americans
D. help international visitors understand Americans
3. The underlined word “ingrained” in Line 2, Paragraph 3 most probably means “________”．
A. rooted in the minds B. found in the grains C. planted for food D. prepared with grain
4. Visitors sometimes find Americans behave in a strange, confusing or unbelievable way, probably because ______.
A. Americans are hard to understand
B. Americans have values which are entirely different from their own
C. they view Americans according to the values in their own society
D. it is difficult to understand any people when you first encounter them
答案与解析：
本文是一本书的序言。作者观察到，很多外国游客对美国人的行为举止觉得很奇怪，而这是因为他们不了解美国人的价值观。于是作者写了一本小册子介绍这些价值观。了解了这些东西，人们就不会觉得美国人的行为“怪异、不可思议”了。
1．C 细节理解题。第一段说，美国人很难告诉你他们奉行的价值观是什么，因为他们从来没有想过这个问题。
2．D 推理判断题。由第二、三段的内容可知作者列出美国人的13条价值观是为了帮助外国游客理解美国人的行为举止。
3．A 词义猜测题。结合上下文内容可知这13条是美国人从来不加考虑而奉行的价值观，因此这些是深深地扎根于美国人的大脑中的东西，画线词的含义应该是A项。
4．C 推理判断题。第三段说假如外国游客从自己的文化价值观的角度去看美国人的行为，他们就会觉得美国人的行为表现“怪异，让人看不懂，难以相信”，由此可知选C项。