人教版必修五Unit1 Great Scientists Reading 1 language points（共23张ppt）

(共23张PPT)
John
Snow
Defeats
“King
Cholera”
Language
points
defeat
vt.
击败，战胜；使受挫；把（某人）难住;
阻挠
a
defeated
army?败军
It
was
the
last
question
on
the
paper
that
defeated
me.?
译：是考卷上的最后一道题把我难住了。
defeat
the
enemy?
[C]
a
big
defeat
大败
a
narrow
defeat
惜败
[U]
admit
defeat
认输
inexpert
不熟练的
expert
adj.
an
expert
driver
技术超高的驾驶员
译：日本人在降低生产成本方面很在行。
Japanese
are
expert
at
lowering
costs.
n.
an
expert
in/on/at
...方面的专家
an
expert
in
child
psychology
儿童心理学家
be
expert
in/on/at
(doing)...
擅长...
attend
attend
to
sb./
sth.
参加，出席，到场
attend
college
处理,照顾
v.
照顾，照料
经常去，定期去(某处)
attend
a
wedding
attend
church
attend
a
meeting
attend
Queen
Victoria
I
have
some
urgent
business
to
attend
to.
attendance
n.
full
attendance
attendance
rate
出勤率
全勤
我有一些急事要处理
expose
Don’t
expose
babies
to
strong
sunlight.
v.暴露;显露;露出
v.
揭露;揭穿
Don’t
have
babies
exposed
to
strong
sunlight.
She
was
exposed
as
a
liar.
她说谎的真面目被揭穿了
cure
v.
n.
治愈，治好(病人或动物);治好(疾病);解决，了结(问题)
治愈，疗法，措施
There
is
still
no
cure
for
a
cold...
尚没有治疗感冒的特效药。
an
effective
cure
for
social
problems...
解决社会问题的有效措施
The
doctor
cured
him
of
his
headache.
cure
him
of
his
bad
habits
challenge
n.挑战
face/meet
a
challenge
面对/迎接挑战
accept/take
up
a
challenge
接受挑战
a
challenge
to
对……的挑战
to为介词
Mike
challenged
me
to（play）another
tennis
game.
vt.向…挑战；对…质疑，对…怀疑
chance
and
challenge
机遇和挑战
absorb
vt.吸收（液体、气体等）；理解；使并入
absorb…into…
把…吸收进…；将…并入…
absorb
water/light/heat
吸收水/光/热
absorb
oneself
in=be
absorbed
in
全神贯注于…
译：男孩全神贯注地在看书。
The
boy
is
absorbed
in
the
book.
The
boy
absorbs
himself
in
the
book.
neither...nor...
就近原则
Neither…nor..(既不…也不…）
Either…or..(或者…或者…）
Not
only…but
also…（不仅…而且…）
Not…but..(不是…而是…）
Either
Tom
or
you
going
to
do
it.
或者是汤姆或者是你要做这件事。
Not
you
but
I
to
blame
for
the
mistake.
不是你而是我对此错误负有责任。
am
are
So
many
thousands
of
terrified
people
died
every
time
there
was
an
outbreak.
conj.
连词
每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。
Every
time
I
meet
him,
I
always
think
of
the
things
happened
between
us.
注：immediately,
directly,
instantly,
the
instant,
the
moment等
与every
time一样都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，
意为“一……就……”
I
went
home
directly
I
had
finished
work.
?他一听到那则消息就立即把它告诉了我。
我一干完活就回家了。
The?instant?he?heard?the?news,
he?told?it?to
me.?
the
first
time
for
the
first
time
作连词，连接两个句子
只在句子中作状语
I
loved
this
picture
the
first
time
I
saw
it.
I’ve
been
there
for
the
first
time.
blame
vt.
n.[U]
She
doesn't
blame
anyone
for
her
father's
death
The
translator
was
to
blame
for
the
misunderstanding.
Police
are
blaming
the
accident
on
dangerous
driving.
We
laid
the
blame
on
the
driver
for
the
car
accident.
The
government
will
have
to
take
the
blame
for
it.
责备，谴责，把…归咎于
过失，责备
remove
Reference
books
may
not
be
removed
from
the
library.
He
removed
his
hat
and
gloves.
vt.
参考书不得带出图书馆。（拿走）
remove…
from…
移动
他摘下了帽子和手套。
（脱掉）
这个处理方法能去除最顽固的污渍。
This
treatment
removes
the
most
stubborn
stains.
handle
vt.
n.
If
you
lose
your
job,
you'll
only
have
yourself
to
blame.
She's
very
good
at
handling
her
patients.
The
label
on
the
box
said:
‘Fragile.
Handle
with
care
.’
I
wasn't
sure
if
I
could
handle
such
a
powerful
car.
(=operate)
(=deal/cope
with)
小心搬运
link
A
to/with
B
v.
link
n.
For
elderly
people,
TV
is
a
link
with
the
outside
world.
a
link
between
A
and
B
/
~
with
与…相连；与……有关
Exposure
to
ultraviolet
light（紫外线）
is
closely
linked
to
skin
cancer.
Police
suspect
there
may
be
a
link
between
the
two
murders.
have/get
sth
done
（1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事,
完成某事（可能参与）
（2）（主语）遭受某种不幸的情况
I
had
that
door
painted
last
week.
They
are
going
to
have
some
trees
planted.
I
had
my
hat
blown
off.
上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。
他们打算植些树。
我的帽子被（风）吹掉了。
I
had
my
leg
broken
when
I
got
off
the
bus.
下车时我的腿摔断了。
have/get
sth
to
do
（1）动作由主语来完成需其用主动形式。
（2）不是由主语来完成需用其被动形式。
I
have
some
letters
.
我有很多信要去写。
“Do
you
have
any
clothes
today?”
the
servant
asked.
你有衣服要洗吗
to
write
to
be
washed
have
sb
doing
(1)
肯定句中，让某人一直做某事
I
have
a
car
waiting
for
me.
(2)
在否定结构中，表示“不能让”，“不允许”。
have
sb
do
(1)（主语）请/派别人完成某事。可以用“make/let
sb.
do”结构来替换。(一次性的动作）
We
can’t
have
him
getting
away
from
punishment.
I
had
him
repair
my
bike.
(2)表示主语无意识的行为，这时“have”作“有”解。
These
small
animals
seem
glad
to
have
people
visit
them.
instructive
adj.
instruct
v.
?
a
most
instructive
experience
获益良多的经历
It
is
instructive
to
see
how
they
deal
with
this
problem.
了解别人如何处理这个问题是具有启发性的。
He
instructed
that
a
wall
（should）be
built
around
the
city.
他下令在城的周围筑一道城墙。
He
instructed
me
to
handle
the
matter
immediately.
他命令我立刻处理这件事。
instruction
n.
to
ignore/carry
out
sb's
instructions?
忽视
/
执行某人的命令
Follow
the
instructions
on
the
packet
carefully.
仔细按照包装上的说明操作。
Each
candidate
is
given
instruction
in
safety.
(U.)
向每位申请人都讲授了安全知识。
He
contributes
regularly
to
the
magazine
‘New
Scientist’.
他定期给《新科学家》杂志撰稿。
contribute
v.
contributor
n.
contribution
n.
Old
buses
are
major
contributors
to
pollution
in
British
cities.
破旧的公交车是造成英国城市污染的主要因素
make
contributions
to
We
hope
everyone
will
contribute
to
the
discussion.
我们希望大家都能参与讨论。
apart
from
1.除……之外（别无）except
I
like
all
sports
apart
from
football.
除足球外，我喜欢所有的运动。
2.除……之外（还有）besides
Apart
from
their
house
in
London,
they
also
have
an
apartment
in
Spain.
他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一间公寓。