中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版（Go
for
it）七下
U12
What
did
you
do
last
weekend?知识点梳理
P67
1a
last
weekend
“last
+
表示时间的词(
如night,
weekend,
month,
year,
Sunday,
week
等)”构成表示过去的时间状语，其前通常省略at,
on,
in
等介词。eg:
He
went
to
the
beach
last
Sunday.上个星期天他去海滩了。
went
boating
go
boating
去划船“go＋doing”形式表示“去做某事”，常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动（一般指室外）。go
hiking去远足
go
skating去滑冰
go
climbing去爬山
go
sightseeing去观光
go
swimming去游泳
go
shopping
去购物
go
surfing去冲浪
go
camping去野营
go
fishing去钓鱼
do
some
+V-ing
表示“从事某种活动”（一般指室内）do
some
writing/
washing/
cooking/
cleaning/
reading……
P68
2a
Sheep
sheep/?i?p/
n.
羊，绵羊，用作可数名词，单复数同形。eg:
How
many
sheep
are
there
on
the
farm?常见的单复数同形的名词：Chinese
中国人 Japanese日本人
deer 鹿
Work
as
a
guide
work
as从事……工作，as后接职业名词。eg:
Her
son
is
working
as
a
math
teacher.①work
for为……工作eg:
My
uncle
works
for
the
government.②work
on从事；忙于eg:
He
is
working
on
his
homework.③work
out算出；做出eg:
The
math
problem
is
too
difficult.I
can't
work
it
out.as在此处用作介词，意思是“作为，当作”。
as还可以作连词，其用法为：①表示“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。
eg:
We
sing
as
we
walk.我们边走路边唱歌。②表示“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句。eg:
I
can't
go
with
you
as
I
have
too
much
homework
to
do
.
③表示“像……一样，按照”，引导比较或方式状语从句。eg:
My
bag
is
as
big
as
yours.
Please
do
as
your
teacher
says.
natural
natural/'n?t??r?l/
adj.自然的natural用作形容词，意为“自然的，天生的”。natural
disasters
自然灾害
natural
resources
自然资源eg:
She
is
a
natural
singer.她是个天生的歌手。nature
n.大自然，自然界
naturally
adv.自然地eg:
We
all
love
nature.我们都爱大自然。
P68
2d
Really?
交际用语口语中“Really
？”常用于在听到对方的话语后表示疑问、惊讶或恼怒，意思是“真的吗？”或“是吗？”。
eg:
—Tom
doesn’t
want
to
be
a
teacher.汤姆不想成为一名教师。
—Really?
真的吗？
感叹句
Visitor
常见的动词＋?or构成的名词actor
(男)演员
professor
教授
inventor
发明家
collector
收集者，收藏家
conductor
售票员
director
导演常见的动词＋?er构成的名词
writer
作者，作家
singer
歌手
waiter
(男)服务员
player
运动员
Living
habits
living
habits
生活习惯
living
此处是动词live(
活，居住，过着)
的动名词形式，作定语。eg:
You
have
to
think
of
your
living
habits.
①形容词，意为“活着的”，all
living
things所有生物。eg:
Is
the
fish
still
living？鱼还活着吗？
They
didn't
find
any
living
things
on
the
moon.②living作名词“生计，生存之道”，make
a
living谋生。
eg:
He
made
a
living
by
writing.他靠写作谋生。
tired
be
tired
of
...
对……感到厌倦eg:
I'm
tired
of
the
boring
show.
我对这无聊的演出感到厌烦。
Stay
up
stay
up
意为“深夜不睡；熬夜”；stay
用作不及物动词时，意为“停留”，后常接介词短语表示停留的地点。eg:
It’s
raining
outside,
so
we
have
to
stay
at
home.①stay
可以作连系动词，意为“维持，保持”，其后常接形容词作表语。eg:
The
weather
will
stay
fine
for
several
days.
②stay
可以作名词，意为“停留、逗留(时间)”。
eg:
During
my
stay
in
Beijing,
I
had
a
good
time.
③与stay
相关的短语：stay
in
呆在室内
stay
out
呆在外面stay
away
from远离stay
at
home呆在家
与up
相关短语call
up
打电话
catch
up
with
追上;赶上
come
up
with
提出
get
up
起床
give
up
放弃
grow
up
成长
look
up
向上看;查字典
make
up
构成;编造pick
up
捡起；中途载人
put
up
举起;建造;张贴set
up
创建
show
up
来到;露面take
up
占据
turn
up
调use
up
用完;耗尽
make
up
one's
mind
下定决心
P69语法
一般过去时
一般过去时的特殊疑问句常用的特殊疑问词有what,
who,
whose,
which,
when,
where,
why,
how
等；还有what
与其他名词构成的短语，如what
color,
what
size
等，以及how
与其他形容词构成的短语，如how
many,
how
old,
how
much,
how
far,
how
long
等。一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成特殊疑问词作主语或特殊疑问词加名词作主语时，疑问句的构成为：特殊疑问词(
＋名词)
＋谓语动词的过去式＋其他？eg:
Who
went
camping
yesterday?
Whose
bike
was
broken
just
now?特殊疑问词作其他成分时，特殊疑问句的构成为：①特殊疑问词+
was/were
+
主语＋其他？eg:
Why
was
your
mother
worried
yesterday?②特殊疑问词+
did
＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？eg:
What
did
he
listen
to
last
night?③特殊疑问词＋情态动词过去式＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？eg:
Where
could
they
go?
一般过去时与一般现在时的比较
P69
3b
A
family
of
mice
mouse
的复数形式为mice，是不规则变化。常见的名词的不规则复数形式：man
→men
男人 woman→
women
女人
ox
→oxen公牛child
→children孩子
foot→feet脚，英尺tooth→teeth牙齿
goose→
geese鹅
Run
away
run
away
逃离；跑开。其中away是副词，意为“离开；远离”，常与run,
go,
walk,
drive,
ride等动词搭配。eg:
He
ran
away
from
school.
Don’t
go
away.
I
have
a
question
to
ask
you.away用作副词时，可用作be的表语。eg:
Who
will
look
after
these
children
when
I'm
away?
“be
away
from+
sp+for
＋一段时间”,表示“离开某地一段时间”，而leave
是瞬间动词，不能表示离开一段时间。eg:
He
was
away
from
school
for
two
weeks
last
year.
He
left
here
last
week.常用短语：far
away
远离
be/stay
away
from
远离......
put
away
把......收拾好run
away
逃跑;跑掉
take
away
拿走
P69
3b
shout
shout
/?a?t/v.
呼叫，喊叫shout
at
冲……大声叫嚷，吼，非善意shout
to
对……大声喊叫，无恶意，多因距离远shout
可作名词，表示“呼喊；喊叫声”。eg:
I
heard
a
distant
shout.我听到了远处的一声喊叫.
That’s
why...
That's
why...这就是……的原因That’s
why...
“那就是……的原因。”why
引导表语从句，
why
后跟的是结果。eg:
That's
why
he
got
angry
with
me.
那就是他对我生气的原因。That's
because...“那是因为……”because后接的是原因。eg:
That's
because
he
didn't
understand
me.那是因为他没有理解我。
P70
1a
Study
for
a
test
study
for
a
test
准备考试.study
far
an
English
test
Fly
a
kite
fly
a
kite
放风筝fly此处用作及物动词，意为“放飞
(风筝、飞机模型等)”。其过去式为flew。fly
a
kite
相当于fly
kites，意为“放风筝”。(1)
fly
常用进行时表将来eg:I'm
flying
to
Shanghai
tomorrow.(2)
fly还可以作名词，“苍蝇”eg:
A
fly
flies
into
the
room.
Anything
interesting
anything
interesting意为“任何有趣的事”，形容词修饰不定代词时应后置，在句中作后置定语。
P71
2b
ago
ago
是一般过去时的时间状语，可作为判断时态的依据。eg:
I
watched
the
program
Legal
Report
a
few
days
ago.
几天前我看了《今日说法》节目。He
left
two
days
ago.他两天前离开的。He
said
we
had
met
before.他说我们以前见过面。
P71
2b
Put
up
put
up
搭起；举起put
up此处意为“搭起”,还可意为“举起；张贴；建造”。put的过去式仍为put。eg:
It's
going
to
rain.
Let's
put
up
the
tent.
天快要下雨了，我们把帐篷搭起来吧。put
off推迟
put
o穿上(衣服
put
out熄灭put
away
放好，把……收起来
put
down
放下；写下
make
a
fire
生火
sat
under
the
moon
坐在月亮下
Each
other
each
other互相；彼此each
other相当于one
another。英语中each
other为代词，在及物动词之后可直接用作宾语；而在不及物动词之后，则要借助介词。eg:
They
helped
each
other.他们互相帮助。We
talked
to
each
other.我们互相交谈。
So...that...
①so
that
意为“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句。eg:
He
got
up
early
so
that
he
could
catch
the
bus.
他起得很早，以便能赶上公共汽车。②“如此……以至于……”的另外一种表达方式是
“such
+
a/an
+
n.
+that
+
从句”。eg:
She
is
such
an
excellent
actress
that
people
like
her
very
much.
surprise
eg:
I
got
a
surprise
when
I
saw
him.
Bill
looked
at
him
in
surprise.
The
news
surprised
us.
We
are
surprised
at
the
surprising
news
see
see
sb.
/sth.
doing
sth.
意为“看见某人/
某物正在做某事”，表示看到动作正在发生；see
sb.
/sth.
do
sth.
意为“看见某人/某物做某事”，表示看见做某事的全过程。像see这样的感官动词还有hear，watch，feel，notice，它们都可以跟do或doing分别表示不同的意思。
P71
2b
scared
be
scared
of
sth./doing
sth.
害怕某物/做某事be
scared
to
do
sth.
害怕做某事scare
v.使惊恐scared
adj.(人)恐惧的scary
adj.(物)恐怖的eg:
Tom
was
scared
of
swimming.
=
Tom
was
scared
to
swim
Let
them
know
let
them
know...
……让他们知道……let
sb.do
sth.意为“让某人做某事”，其中let为使役动词，其后需接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。其否定式可表示为let
sb.not
do
sth.或don't
let
sb.do
sth.意为“不让某人做某事”。eg:
Let
him
come
here
at
once.让他立刻到这儿来。
Let
him
not
come
in.别让他进来。在let,
make,
have等使役动词后面应跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
start
start/stɑ?(r)t/
v.开始start可作名词，表示“开始；开端”。eg:
a
good
start
一个良好的开端
lesson
lesson
/'lesn/
n.
教训，经验此处是可数名词。teach
sb.
a
lesson给某人一个教训。learn
a
lesson得到一次教训。
eg:
That
accident
taught
them
a
lesson.
We
should
learn
lessons
from
our
mistakes.lesson作名词时还可以表示“功课，课”，多用复数形式，也可以指具体的“一堂课，一节课”，多用单数形式。eg:
She
gives
the
children
lessons
in
music.
Let's
read
the
first
lesson.
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U12
What
did
you
do
last
weekend？
知识点讲解
人教版七年级下册
go
boating
去划船
“go＋doing”形式表示“去做某事”，常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动（一般指室外）。
go
hiking去远足
go
skating去滑冰
go
climbing去爬山
go
sightseeing去观光
go
swimming去游泳
go
shopping
去购物
go
surfing去冲浪
go
camping去野营
go
fishing去钓鱼
do
some
+V-ing
表示“从事某种活动”（一般指室内）
do
some
writing/
washing/
cooking/
cleaning/
reading……
“last
+
表示时间的词(
如night,
weekend,
month,
year,
Sunday,
week
等)”构成表示过去的时间状语，其前通常省略at,
on,
in
等介词。
eg:
He
went
to
the
beach
last
Sunday.
上个星期天他去海滩了。
sheep/?i?p/
n.
羊，绵羊，用作可数名词，单复数同形。
eg:
How
many
sheep
are
there
on
the
farm?
常见的单复数同形的名词：
Chinese
中国人 Japanese日本人
deer 鹿
work
as从事……工作，as后接职业名词。
eg:
Her
son
is
working
as
a
math
teacher.
①work
for为……工作
eg:
My
uncle
works
for
the
government.
②work
on从事；忙于
eg:
He
is
working
on
his
homework.
③work
out算出；做出
eg:
The
math
problem
is
too
difficult.I
can't
work
it
out.
as在此处用作介词，意思是“作为，当作”。
as还可以作连词，其用法为：
①表示“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。
eg:
We
sing
as
we
walk.我们边走路边唱歌。
②表示“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句。
eg:
I
can't
go
with
you
as
I
have
too
much
homework
to
do
.
③表示“像……一样，按照”，引导比较或方式状语从句。eg:
My
bag
is
as
big
as
yours.
Please
do
as
your
teacher
says.
natural/'n?t??r?l/
adj.自然的
natural用作形容词，意为“自然的，天生的”。
natural
disasters
自然灾害
natural
resources
自然资源
eg:
She
is
a
natural
singer.她是个天生的歌手。
nature
n.大自然，自然界
naturally
adv.自然地
eg:
We
all
love
nature.我们都爱大自然。
交际用语口语中“Really
？”常用于在听到对方的话语后表示疑问、惊讶或恼怒，意思是“真的吗？”或“是吗？”。
eg:
—Tom
doesn’t
want
to
be
a
teacher.
汤姆不想成为一名教师。
—Really?
真的吗？
常见的动词＋?or构成的名词
actor
(男)演员 professor
教授
inventor
发明家
collector
收集者，收藏家
conductor
售票员
director
导演
常见的动词＋?er构成的名词
writer
作者，作家
singer
歌手
waiter
(男)服务员
player
运动员
living
habits
生活习惯
living
此处是动词live(
活，居住，过着)
的动名词形式，作定语。eg:
You
have
to
think
of
your
living
habits.
①形容词，意为“活着的”，all
living
things所有生物。
eg:
Is
the
fish
still
living？鱼还活着吗？
They
didn't
find
any
living
things
on
the
moon.
②living作名词“生计，生存之道”，make
a
living谋生。
eg:
He
made
a
living
by
writing.他靠写作谋生。
be
tired
of
...
对……感到厌倦
eg:
I'm
tired
of
the
boring
show.
我对这无聊的演出感到厌烦。
stay
up
意为“深夜不睡；熬夜”；
stay
up
late
意为“熬夜，睡得很晚”。
stay
用作不及物动词时，意为“停留”，后常接介词短语表示停留的地点。
eg:
It’s
raining
outside,
so
we
have
to
stay
at
home.
①stay
可以作连系动词，意为“维持，保持”，其后常接形容词作表语。
eg:
The
weather
will
stay
fine
for
several
days.
②stay
可以作名词，意为“停留、逗留(时间)”。
eg:
During
my
stay
in
Beijing,
I
had
a
good
time.
③与stay
相关的短语：
stay
in
呆在室内
stay
out
呆在外面
stay
away
from远离
stay
at
home呆在家里
与up
相关短语
call
up
打电话
catch
up
with
追上;赶上
come
up
with
提出
get
up
起床
give
up
放弃
grow
up
成长
look
up
向上看;查字典
make
up
构成;编造
pick
up
捡起；中途载人
put
up
举起;建造;张贴
set
up
创建
show
up
来到;露面
take
up
占据
turn
up
调大
use
up
用完;耗尽
make
up
one's
mind
下定决心
一般过去时的特殊疑问句
常用的特殊疑问词有what,
who,
whose,
which,
when,
where,
why,
how
等；还有what
与其他名词构成的短语，如what
color,
what
size
等，以及how
与其他形容词构成的短语，如how
many,
how
old,
how
much,
how
far,
how
long
等。
一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成
特殊疑问词作主语或特殊疑问词加名词作主语时，疑问句的构成为：特殊疑问词(
＋名词)
＋谓语动词的过去式＋其他？
eg:
Who
went
camping
yesterday?
Whose
bike
was
broken
just
now?
特殊疑问词作其他成分时，特殊疑问句的构成为：
①特殊疑问词+
was/were
+
主语＋其他？
eg:
Why
was
your
mother
worried
yesterday?
②特殊疑问词+
did
＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？
eg:
What
did
he
listen
to
last
night?
③特殊疑问词＋情态动词过去式＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？
eg:
Where
could
they
go?
一般过去时与一般现在时的区别
一般过去时
一般现在时
含义
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
表示现阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态；表示主语的性格、能力等；表示永恒的真理。
时间标志词
yesterday,
last
weekend,
last
night,
last
Saturday,
in
2010
often,
usually,
sometimes,
always,
every
day,
every
weekend
陈述
句
谓语动词全部用过去式。
主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
一般
疑问
句
was,
were/did
开头
am,
is,
are/do,
does
开头
特殊
疑问
句
特殊疑问词+was/
were+
主语＋其他？
特殊疑问词+
did
+主语+
动词原形+其他？
特殊疑问词+is/are+
主语＋其他？
特殊疑问词+
do/does
+主语+
动词原形+其他？
run
away
逃离；跑开
其中away是副词，意为“离开；远离”，常与run,
go,
walk,
drive,
ride等动词搭配。
eg:
He
ran
away
from
school.
Don’t
go
away.
I
have
a
question
to
ask
you.
away用作副词时，可用作be的表语。
eg:
Who
will
look
after
these
children
when
I'm
away?
“be
away
from+
sp+for
＋一段时间”,表示“离开某地一段时间”，而leave
是瞬间动词，不能表示离开一段时间。
eg:
He
was
away
from
school
for
two
weeks
last
year.
He
left
here
last
week.
常用短语：
far
away
远离
be/stay
away
from
远离......
put
away
把......收拾好
run
away
逃跑;跑掉
take
away
拿走
mouse
的复数形式为mice，是不规则变化。
常见的名词的不规则复数形式：
man
→men
男人 woman→
women
女人
ox
→oxen公牛
child
→children孩子
foot→feet脚，英尺
tooth→teeth牙齿
goose→
geese鹅
shout
/?a?t/v.
呼叫，喊叫
shout
可作名词，表示“呼喊；喊叫声”。
eg:
I
heard
a
distant
shout.
我听到了远处的一声喊叫.
shout
at
冲……大声叫嚷，吼，非善意
shout
to
对……大声喊叫，无恶意，多因距离远
That's
why...这就是……的原因
That’s
why...
意为“那就是……的原因。”why
引导表语从句，
why
后跟的是结果。
eg:
That's
why
he
got
angry
with
me.
那就是他对我生气的原因。
That's
because...意为“那是因为……”because后接的是原因。
eg:
That's
because
he
didn't
understand
me.那是因为他没有理解我。
fly
a
kite
放风筝
fly此处用作及物动词，意为“放飞
(风筝、飞机模型等)”。其过去式为flew。fly
a
kite
相当于fly
kites，意为“放风筝”。
(1)
fly
常用进行时表将来
eg:I'm
flying
to
Shanghai
tomorrow.
(2)
fly还可以作名词，“苍蝇”
eg:
A
fly
flies
into
the
room.
study
for
a
test
准备考试.
study
far
an
English
test
anything
interesting意为“任何有趣的事”，形容词修饰不定代词时应后置，在句中作后置定语。
ago
是一般过去时的时间状语，可作为判断时态的依据。
eg:
I
watched
the
program
Legal
Report
a
few
days
ago.
几天前我看了《今日说法》节目。
He
left
two
days
ago.他两天前离开的。
He
said
we
had
met
before.他说我们以前见过面。
ago
在现在
以前
以现在
为基准
与一般过去时连用
不可单独作状语
before
在过去
以前
以过去
为基准
常与完成时或一般过去时连用
可单独作状语
put
up
搭起；举起
put
up此处意为“搭起”,还可意为“举起；张贴；建造”。put的过去式仍为put。
eg:
It's
going
to
rain.
Let's
put
up
the
tent.
天快要下雨了，我们把帐篷搭起来吧。
put
off
推迟
put
on
穿上(衣服)
put
out
熄灭
put
away
放好，把……收起来
put
down
放下；写下
make
a
fire
生火
sat
under
the
moon
坐在月亮下
each
other互相；彼此
each
other相当于one
another。英语中each
other为代词，在及物动词之后可直接用作宾语；而在不及物动词之后，则要借助介词。
eg:
They
helped
each
other.他们互相帮助。
We
talked
to
each
other.我们互相交谈。
so...that...如此……以至于……
①so
that
意为“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句。
eg:
He
got
up
early
so
that
he
could
catch
the
bus.
他起得很早，以便能赶上公共汽车。
so...
that...
如此……以至于……
(that后
接从句)
She
is
so
young
that
she
can't
go
to
school.
too...to...
太……而不能……
(to后接动词原形)
She
is
too
young
to
go
to
school..
not...
enough
to...
不够……去……
(to后接动词原形)
She
is
not
old
enough
to
go
to
school.
②“如此……以至于……”的另外一种表达方式是
“such
+
a/an
+
n.
+that
+
从句”。
eg:
She
is
such
an
excellent
actress
that
people
like
her
very
much.
surprise/s?(r)'pra?z/
n.
惊奇，惊讶
eg:
I
got
a
surprise
when
I
saw
him.
Bill
looked
at
him
in
surprise.
The
news
surprised
us.
We
are
surprised
at
the
surprising
news.
surprise
n.
惊讶
get
a
surprise
吃惊
give
sb.
a
surprise
给某人一个惊喜
in
surprise
惊讶地
to
one's
surprise
令某人惊讶的是
v.
使惊讶
surprise
sb.
使某人惊讶
surprised
adj.
(人)惊讶的
be
surprised
at
sth.
(人)对某事/物感到惊讶feel/be
surprised
to
do
sth.
(人)做某事很惊讶
surprising
adj.
(物)令人吃惊的
surprising＋n.
令人惊讶的事物
see
sb.
/sth.
doing
sth.
意为“看见某人/
某物正在做某事”，表示看到动作正在发生；see
sb.
/sth.
do
sth.
意为“看见某人/某物做某事”，表示看见做某事的全过程。
像see这样的感官动词还有hear，watch，feel，notice，它们都可以跟do或doing分别表示不同的意思。
scared/ske?d/
adj.
惊慌的
eg:
Tom
was
scared
of
swimming.
=
Tom
was
scared
to
swim.
be
scared
of
sth./doing
sth.
害怕某物/做某事
be
scared
to
do
sth.
害怕做某事
scare
v.使惊恐
scared
adj.(人)恐惧的
scary
adj.(物)恐怖的
let
them
know...
……让他们知道……
let
sb.do
sth.意为“让某人做某事”，其中let为使役动词，其后需接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。其否定式可表示为
let
sb.not
do
sth.或don't
let
sb.do
sth.意为“不让某人做某事”。
eg:
Let
him
come
here
at
once.让他立刻到这儿来。
Let
him
not
come
in.别让他进来。
在let,
make,
have等使役动词后面应跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
start/stɑ?(r)t/
v.开始
start可作名词，表示“开始；开端”。
eg:
a
good
start
一个良好的开端
start/begin
to
do
sth.或start/begin
doing
sth.
开始做某事
Finish
your
work
before
you
start
to
play.
在你玩之前先完成工作。
start/begin
with
sth.,
以某事开始
Let's
start
with
easy
things.
咱们从简单的事情开始。
start
/
begin
sth.
创办某物
He
started
a
newspaper.
他创办了一份报纸。
up
and
down意为“上下地，到处”，在句中作状语。
类似的短语有
day
and
night日日夜夜
here
and
there到处
wake/we?k/v.醒，弄醒
wake
可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意为“弄醒；醒”，其过去式是woke。
Don't
wake
him
up.He
will
wake
up
in
an
hour.
别叫醒他，他一小时后就会醒。
wake
up
醒来
wake
up
sb./
wake
sb.
up
把某人叫醒(当sb.为代词时，只
能用wake
sb.
up结构）
lesson
/'lesn/
n.
教训，经验
此处是可数名词。teach
sb.
a
lesson给某人一个教训。learn
a
lesson得到一次教训。
eg:
That
accident
taught
them
a
lesson.
We
should
learn
lessons
from
our
mistakes.
lesson作名词时还可以表示“功课，课”，多用复数形式，也可以指具体的“一堂课，一节课”，多用单数形式。
eg:
She
gives
the
children
lessons
in
music.
Let's
read
the
first
lesson.
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