(共30张PPT)
Unit
4
Earthquakes
Unit
4
Earthquakes
定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。
引导定语从句的关联词有：
1.定语从句
关系代词：who,
whom
whose,
which,
that
关系副词：when,
where
2.
定语从句的位置
定语从句放在被修饰成分之后。
e.g.
This
is
the
car
which
he
bought
last
year.
先行词
定语从句
The
book
is
very
good.
I
have
read
it.
3.先行词和关系词的关系
Join
the
following
sentences:
The
book
is
very
good.
I
have
read
that/which.
The
book
that/which
I
have
read
is
very
good.
The
girl
is
Mary.
We
saw
her
yesterday.
3.先行词和关系词的关系
Join
the
following
sentences:
The
girl
is
Mary.
We
saw
whom
yesterday.
The
girl
whom
we
saw
yesterday
is
Mary.
3.先行词和关系词的关系
We
saw
some
trees.
The
tree’s
leaves
were
black
with
disease.
We
saw
some
trees.
whose
leaves
were
black
with
disease.
We
saw
some
trees
whose
leaves
were
black
with
disease.
He
lived
in
a
room.
The
room’s
window
faces
south.
He
lived
in
a
room
whose
window
faces
south.
4.
关系代词的句法功能及指代功能
关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，身兼三职：
1.
连接主从句的纽带
2.
指代先行词
3.
在从句中充当某种句子成分。
在从句
中的作用
指代
功能
指代人
指代物
指代人或物
主语
who
which
that
宾语
whom
/
who
which
that
定语
whose
(=of
whom)
whose
(=of
which)
I
have
read
the
newspaper.
It
carries
the
important
news.
I
have
read
the
newspaper
which
carries
the
important
news.
(物/主/不可省)
which
指物,
在句中作主语或宾语,
作宾语时可以省略。
I
showed
him
the
letter.
I
received
it
this
morning
I
showed
him
the
letter
(which)
I
received
this
morning.
(物/宾/可省)
that
指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,
作宾语时可以省略。
They’re
talking
about
the
man.
I
have
seen
the
man.
They’re
talking
about
the
man
(that)
I’ve
seen.
(人/宾/可省)
It
was
written
by
Laoshe.
Jane
has
borrowed
the
book.
Jane
has
borrowed
the
book
that
was
written
by
Laoshe.
（物/主/不可省）
The
boy
who
is
reading
a
book
over
there
is
my
friend.
（主/不可省）
The
boy
is
my
friend.
He
is
reading
a
book
over
there.
who指人,
在从句中作主语，不可省，作宾语,
可省略。
He
is
a
famous
singer
You
saw
him
just
now.
He
is
a
famous
singer
(who/whom)
you
saw
just
now.
(宾/可省)
whom指人,
在从句中作宾语,
可省略。
The
girl
is
from
America.
I
called
her
just
now.
The
girl
(whom
)
I
called
just
now
is
from
America.（人/宾/可省）
The
girl
got
first.
Her
father
had
given
us
a
report.
The
girl
whose
father
had
given
us
a
report
got
first.
whose
father=the
father
of
whom
=
of
whom
the
father
Whose可指人或物,
在从句中作定语,
不可省略。（=of
whom/which
the
+
n;
the
+n+
of
whom
/which）
先行词前有下列词语修饰时，定语从句必须用that
引导。
all,
every,
any,
little,
few,
much,
no,
only,
very,
the
+
序数词,
the
+
形容词最高级
e.g.
This
is
the
cleanest
park
that
you
can
imagine.
e.g.
He
talked
about
the
things
and
persons
he
had
visited
in
the
city.
在
who
或
which
引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用
that
引导。
that
e.g.
Who
is
the
man
is
standing
over
there?
that
e.g.
This
is
the
only
book
that
has
been
written
in
French.
当先行词是
one,
ones,
anybody,
anyone,
all,
none,
those
等,
指人时一般用
who,
不用
that。
Those
who
want
to
go
to
the
cinema
will
have
to
wait
at
the
gate
of
the
school.
先行词是人,
从句中作宾语时,
用whom或that(介词后不用that)。
The
teacher
wants
to
return
the
book
to
the
girl
from
whom
she
borrowed
it.
在从句
中的作用
指代
功能
指代人
指代物
指代人或物
主语
who
which
that
宾语
whom
/
who
which
that
定语
whose
(=of
whom)
whose
(=of
which)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.
Is
there
anything
_____
I
can
do
for
you?
which
B.
who
C.
whom
D.
that
D
2.
I
have
seen
some
strange
trees,
_____
open
at
sunrise
and
close
at
sunset.
A.
which
the
leaves
B.
whose
leaves
C.
which
leaves
D.
their
leaves
3.
All
_____
we
need
is
enough
rest
after
long
hours’
work.
the
thing
B.
that
C.
what
D.
which
B
B
4.
On
the
train
I
saw
a
girl
_____
I
thought
was
your
sister.
who
B.
whom
C.
which
D.
what
5.
Have
you
seen
the
film
“Titanic”
____
leading
actor
is
world-famous?
its
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
which
A
C
1.
Finish
the
exercises
on
page
29.
2.
Read
the
passage
on
Page
64
and
finish
exercises.
谢谢
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Unit
4
Earthquakes
Unit
4
Earthquake
Using
language
Here
is
a
letter
of
invitation.
Read
it
carefully
and
answer
the
following
questions.
1.
Who
write
the
letter?
2.
Who
will
receive
the
letter?
The
student
who
have
won
the
student’s
high
school
speaking
competition
about
new
Tangshan.
Zhang
Sha.
3.
What
was
the
park
built
for?
4.
When
will
the
student
speak
to
the
park
visitor?
To
honour
those
who
died
in
the
terrible
disaster
and
those
who
helped
the
survivors.
On
July
28
at
11:00
am.
1.
invitation
n.
邀请
invite
v.
invite
sb.to
do
sth.邀请某人做某事
a
letter
of
invitation
一封邀请信
2.
give
a
speech
作报告/演讲
3.
Office
of
the
City
Government
市政府办公室
Words
&.
Expressions
4.
be
pleased
to
do
sth
愿意／高兴／乐于做某事
be
pleased
with
sth.对……感到满意
5.
congratulation
n.
祝贺，庆祝（常用复数）
offer/send
one’s
congratulations
to
sb.on
sth.
congratulate
sb.on
sth.因……祝贺某人
congratulate
oneself
on/upon
sth/doing
sth.
congratulate
oneself
that…
因……为自己高兴/庆幸
=
be
glad
/
happy
to
do
6.
judge
n.
评委、裁判员、法官
He
was
a
poor
judge
of
man.
他看人的能力很差。
The
prisoner
was
taken
to
the
judge.
他被带到了法官那儿。
v.
断定、判断、判决
A
blind
man
cannot
judge
colors.
盲人不能判断颜色。
judge
sb./sth.by/from…
根据…….判断某人/某物
judging
by/from
根据……判断（固定短语）不随主语而变化
judge
sb./sth.(to
be)+n./adj.
判断某人/某物是……
翻译句子：
Don’t
judge
a
man
by
his
appearance.
He
is
a
good
man
judging
by
his
words.
We
judged
him
(to
be)
an
artist.
7.
be
proud
of
…以...而感自豪
=take
pride
in…
eg.I
am
proud
of
you.=I
take
pride
in
you.
with
pride=proudly
自豪地，得意地
8.
honour
n./v.
荣誉、尊敬、敬意、纪念
我们应该尊敬父母。
We
should
honour
our
parents.
=
We
should
show
honour
to
our
parents.
honour
sb.
/
sth.
尊重某人/事
show
honour
to
sb.
/
sth.
in
honour
of
为了纪念……为祝贺……
be/feel
honoured
for…因为……而感到荣幸
have
the
honour
to
do/of
doing
sth.
荣幸的做某事
do
honour
to
sb.向……表示敬意
do
sb.an/the
honour使某人有特殊的荣幸
9.
have
sb.
do
sth(主动)让某人做某事
have
sb.
doing
sth(主动/持续)
让某人长时间做某事/容忍某人做某事
have
sth/sb
done(被动)使某事被做
I
won’t
have
you
say
such
words.
He
had
us
laughing
all
through
lunch.
I
will
have
my
hair
cut
tomorrow.
10.
as
you
know
如你所知
11.
on
that
special
day
在那个特殊的日子
12.
write
an
article
for…
为…写文章
13.
write
an
outline
写提纲
14.
disaster-hit
areas
受灾区
15.
the
speaking
competition
演讲比赛
12.
frigheten,
frightened
,
frightening
a.
They
were
trying
to
__________the
public
to
give
in
.
b.
She
seemed
to
be
___________of
the
interview.
c.
The
speed
of
the
car
was
____________
frigheten
frightened
frightening
Now
in
pairs
prepare
a
short
speech.
Thank
Mr
Zhang
Sha
and
the
government
for
inviting
you
to
speak.
Thank
those
who
helped
the
survivors
and
list
what
they
did
after
the
quake.
Thank
those
who
worked
hard
to
build
a
new
city.
Encourage
the
people
to
be
always
proud
of
their
city.
Describe
your
feelings
about
the
city,
which
is
known
as
the
“Brave
City
of
China”.
Thank
the
visitors
for
listening
to
your
speech.
I
would
like
to
express
my
thanks
to
…
who
….;
Here,
I
wish
to
express
my
thanks
to
the
great
efforts
…
I’d
also
like
to
thank
…
No
words
are
strong
enough
to
express
our
…;
It
was
terrible
when
…
It
seemed
as
if
….
I
remember
…
I
felt
…
Not
long
after
that
…
Luckily,
…
One
possible
speech:
Ladies
and
gentlemen,
Good
morning.
It’s
my
great
honor
to
be
given
the
chance
to
give
the
speech.
Thank
Mr
Zhang
and
the
city
government
for
inviting
me
to
speak.
And
thank
all
of
you
to
attend
this
activity.
Everybody
knows
that
this
park
will
be
opened
to
honor
those
who
died
in
the
terrible
disaster
on
this
day
33
years
ago.
We
should
say
that
all
of
you
are
very
lucky
to
have
survived.
But
never
can
we
forget
those
who
helped
you
do
the
rescue
work.
They
dug
out
those
who
had
been
trapped
and
buried
the
dead.
They
also
helped
build
the
new
city.
They
built
new
homes
and
offices
in
only
seven
years.
For
this
work,
many
workers
and
soldiers
lost
their
lives.
We
should
show
our
greatest
honor
to
them.
When
I
first
arrived
in
the
city
yesterday,
I
came
to
understand
why
Tangshan
was
called
“Brave
City
of
China”.
What
you
have
done
made
the
whole
world
surprised.
Look
at
the
tall
buildings
and
the
beautiful
environment.
How
brave
you
are!
I
think
you
should
always
be
proud
of
the
city.
Thank
you
for
listening
to
my
speech.
Look
at
the
stamps
of
new
Tangshan
and
discuss
what
had
to
be
done
to
rebuild
a
city
after
an
earthquake.
Sample
discussion:
S1:
Let’s
look
at
the
stamps.
They
seem
to
show
new
houses,
a
new
city
center,
new
factories,
schools,
hospitals
and
a
new
port.
S2:
That
shows
how
strong
the
earthquake
must
have
been
and
how
much
damage
there
was
if
so
much
of
Tangshan
had
to
be
replaced.
S1:
Yes,
indeed.
The
people
of
Tangshan
must
have
had
a
terrible
time
while
the
earthquake
was
happening.
S2:
Yes.
I
wonder
how
long
they
had
to
live
in
temporary
accommodation?
S1:
Well,
the
United
Nations
praised
the
people
of
Tangshan
for
rebuilding
their
city
so
quickly.
It
only
took
seven
years.
S2:
There
must
have
been
so
much
to
do:
clear
the
site
of
ruined
buildings;
design
new
ones
that
would
withstand
another
earthquake;
bring
in
new
building
materials,
bring
in
the
workers
to
build
the
factories,
homes
etc.
Such
a
lot
of
work!
S1:
Yes,
and
meanwhile
the
people
had
to
live
in
tents.
They
must
have
worried
a
lot
about
how
they
would
pay
for
food
and
clothes.
Poor
things!
S2:
Indeed,
we
owe
them
a
lot.
And
they
made
everyone
aware
of
the
dangers
of
earthquakes
and
how
to
prepare
for
another
one.
They
themselves
were
survivors
in
more
ways
than
one!
Listening
1
How
would
you
feel
if
your
home
was
suddenly
destroyed
without
warning?
In
pairs
make
a
list
of
useful
adjectives
to
express
your
feelings.
Useful
adjectives:
very
shocked,
frightened,
very
upset,
unable
to
understand
what
was
happening,
confused,
panic-stricken
….
2
Listen
to
the
tape
and
then
tell
whether
they
are
true
or
false.
1.
The
man
was
sleeping
downstairs
when
the
earthquake
happened.
2.
Many
huge
buildings
were
shaking
–bricks
were
falling.
F
T
3.
A
lot
of
people
were
buried
under
the
ruins.
4.
Some
cows
were
killed
in
the
fire.
5.
He
felt
safer
because
he
go
away
easily.
T
F
F
1.
When
did
the
earthquake
begin?
2.
What
did
the
speaker
do
after
he
woke
up?
Listen
to
the
tape
again
and
in
groups
discuss
these
questions.
Around
5
o’clock
in
the
morning.
He
rushed
outside
as
soon
as
he
woke
up.
3.
What
did
he
see
and
hear
outside?
When
he
got
outside
he
thought
the
world
had
come
to
an
end.
He
heard
people
crying
and
shouting.
He
saw
people
running
everywhere
and
bricks
falling
down
from
buildings.
There
were
big
fires
too.
4.
What
happened
to
the
man
next
to
him?
5.
How
did
he
get
away
from
the
city?
6.
Which
of
your
adjectives
describe
the
man’s
feelings
most
closely?
He
was
killed
by
bricks
falling
from
a
nearby
building.
He
got
away
from
the
city
by
boat.
Very
shocked,
devastated.
1
I
asked
a
man
standing
nex(t)
to
me
wha(t)
happened.
2
Some
of
them
ha(d)
broken
their
legs
and
others
were
climbing
upon
each
other
to
get
out.
4
Read
the
sentences
below
and
pay
attention
to
liaison
and
incomplete
explosion.
R:
What
was
the
first
thing
you
remember?
Listening
text
A
report
is
asking
a
man
to
describe
his
experience
in
the
San
Francisco
earthquake
of
1906.
R=reporter
M=man
M:
Oh,
my
goodness.
It
was
about
5
o’clock
in
the
morning.
I
remember,
I
woke
up
when
I
was
thrown
out
of
the
bed.
When
I
tried
to
walk,
the
floor
shook
so
that
I
fell.
I
felt
terrified
and
rushed
downstairs.
R:
What
did
you
see
outside?
M:
Oh,
I
saw
things
I
never
want
to
see
again.
It
seemed
as
if
the
end
of
the
world
came.
People
were
crying,
shouting
and
running
everywhere.
bricks
were
falling
down
from
some
buildings
while
big
ones
were
shaking…
Lots
of
people
were
getting
buried
under
bricks.
There
were
great
fires
around
us.
It
was
terrible!
R:
Did
you
realize
what
was
happening?
M:
No.
I
asked
a
man
standing
next
to
me
what
happened.
Before
he
could
answer,
some
bricks
fell
on
him
and
he
was
killed.
R:
That
sounds
frightening.
Did
you
know
where
to
find
a
safer
place?
M:
Oh,
no.
Luckily
I
met
a
man
who
knew
the
way
to
a
boat.
R:
So…you
got
away
easily?
M:
No,
we
didn’t.
It
was
difficult
because
the
streets
had
deep
cracks.
As
we
were
carefully
picking
our
way,
some
frightened
cows
rushed
up
Market
Street
and
dropped
into
one
of
them.
I’ll
never
forget
the
noise
they
made.
Some
of
them
had
broken
their
legs
and
others
were
climbing
upon
each
other
to
get
out.
Horrible!
R:
How
did
you
feel
once
you’d
left
the
city?
M:
Umm.
I
felt
safer
because
we
were
being
cared
for.
The
soldiers
saved
us.
They
brought
us
water
and
food.
Thanks
to
them
many
of
us
are
still
alive!
Reading
and
writing
You
are
going
to
write
an
article
for
a
newspaper
about
a
special
event
that
happened
in
your
hometown.
Before
you
start,
you
should
write
an
outline.
It
will
help
you
organize
your
ideas.
A
newspaper
outline
usually
includes:
a
headline,
a
list
of
main
ideas
and
a
list
of
important
details.
An
interesting
title
that
tells
the
reader
what
your
topic
is.
Headline
Main
ideas
Details
Do
you
know
what
an
outline
is?
outline
1.
Why
an
outline
is
important?
Because
an
outline
will
prepare
you
to
write
a
better
story.
2.
What
should
an
outline
conclude?
A
good
outline
should
have
a
headline,
a
list
of
main
idea
and
a
list
of
important
details.
Discuss
with
your
partners
the
following
questions.
3.
Why
a
headline
is
important?
A
headline
can
tell
the
reader
what
the
topic
is,
so
it
can
attract
the
reader’s
attention
since
the
reader
may
not
have
bought
the
newspaper
before
they
read
the
headline.
4.
What
are
the
steps
to
finish
a
newspaper
story?
First,
organize
the
main
ideas.
Next,
put
some
details
into
each
paragraph.
5.
What
is
the
feature
of
the
newspaper
story?
A
newspaper
story
gives
the
most
important
news
first
and
the
least
important
news
last.
Now
write
your
outline.
Before
you
write
it,
ask
yourself
these
questions:
What
happened?
When
did
it
happen?
Where?
Who
took
part?
Why?
Sample
China
leads
world
in
traffic
death
Experts
say
that
road
traffic
accidents
are
on
the
rise
and
China
ranks
first
in
the
world
in
traffic
death
tolls.
Worldwide
Statistics
show
that
the
global
traffic
accident
death
toll
amounted
to
500,
000
in
2003,
with
the
largest
share,
104,
000
reported
in
China,
followed
by
India
with
86,
000,
the
U.S.
with
40,000,
and
Russia
with
26,
000,
said
Duan
Liren,
former
deputy
director
of
the
Beijing
Traffic
Management
Bureau.
Road
accidents
are
the
seventh
leading
killer
in
China.
Homework
1.
Finish
Reading
task
on
page
65.
2.
Finish
exercises
on
page
66.
3.
Write
an
article
for
a
newspaper
about
the
Wenchuan
Earthquakes.
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
有大把高质量资料？一线教师？一线教研员？
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详情请看：
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php(共72张PPT)
Unit
4
Earthquakes
Unit
4
Earthquakes
Free
talk:
Have
you
ever
experienced
any
natural
disasters?
Can
you
tell
some
kinds
of
natural
disasters?
Natural
disasters
fire
台风
typhoon/hurricane
tornado
龙卷风
snow
slide
雪崩
mudflow
泥石流
volcano
eruption
火山爆发
sandstorm
沙尘暴
flood
水灾
drought(旱灾)
tsunami
(海啸)
earthquake
Do
you
know
some
earthquakes
happened
in
China?
July
28th,
1976
A
terrible
earthquake
happened
in
Tangshan.
Can
you
describe
how
terrible
the
earthquake
was?
2008.5.12
Wenchuan
Earthquake
2010.4.14
Yushu
Earthquake
The
city
lay
in
ruins(废墟）.
The
buildings
fell
down.
倒塌
Roads
might
crack.
开
裂
Many
people
were
killed
or
injured.
受伤的
A
great
number
of
people
lost
their
homes.
许多，大量
What
will
happen
if
it
happens
an
earthquake?
Tang
Shan
San
Francisco
The
roads,
bridges
and
railways
are
destroyed.
2.
The
buildings
fall
down.
3.
Roads
may
crack.
4.
The
electricity
and
water
power
are
cut
off.
5.
The
whole
city
lies
in
ruins.
6.
All
things
are
cut
into
pieces.
7.
Many
people
are
killed
or
injured.
8.
A
large
number
of
people
are
homeless.
Is
it
always
a
calm
before
a
storm?
well
fish
animals
sky
mice
what
may
happen
before
an
earthquake?
Guess:
What
are
the
signs?
There
is
bright
light
in
the
sky.
The
animals
are
too
nervous
to
sleep/eat,
such
as
dogs,
pigs,
and
chickens.
Mice
run
out
of
the
fields.
Fish
jump
out
of
bowls
and
ponds.
There
are
cracks
on
the
wells.
The
water
in
the
well
rise
and
fall.
The
signs:
1.There
is
bright
light
in
the
sky.
2.The
animals
are
too
nervous
to
sleep/eat.
3.Fish
jump
out
of
bowls
and
ponds.
4.Mice
run
out
of
the
fields.
5.There
are
cracks
on
the
wells.
6.The
water
in
the
well
rise
and
fall.
Unit
4
Earthquakes
1)
Do
you
know
what
would
happen
before
an
earthquake?
2)
What
can
we
do
to
keep
ourselves
safe
from
an
earthquake?
Bright
lights
flash
in
the
sky
Animals
are
too
nervous,
such
as
cows,
dogs,
horses,
and
snakes,
etc.
Predictions
of
an
earthquake:
1)
Bright
lights
flash
in
the
sky;
3)
The
well
walls
have
deep
cracks
with
smelly
gas;
4)
Animals
are
too
nervous,
such
as
cows,
pigs,
horses,
and
snakes,
etc;
5)
Mice
run
out
to
look
for
places
to
hide;
6)
Fish
jump
out
of
the
ponds.
2)
The
water
in
the
well
rise
and
fall;
Tangshan,
Hebei
July
28th,
1976
Can
you
describe
how
terrible
the
earthquake
was?
2008.
5.
12
Wenchuan
Earthquake
The
town
lay
in
ruins.
破败不堪
The
buildings
fell
down.
倒塌
Roads
cracked.
开裂
The
railway
tracks
became
useless
pieces
of
steel.
Many
people
were
killed
or
injured.
受伤的
A
great
number
of
people
lost
their
homes.
许多，大量
青海省玉树县2010年4月14日发生两次地震，最高震级7.
1级
Pre-reading
Imagine
your
home
begins
to
shake
and
you
must
leave
it
right
away.
You
have
time
to
take
only
one
thing.
What
will
you
take?
personal
washing
things
a
bottle
of
water
money
torch
mobile
phone
food
and
sweets
blanket
medicine
You
will
take:
Join
the
correct
parts
of
the
sentences.
2
The
people
didn’t
worry
because
1
The
chickens
didn’t
eat
because
C
they
were
nervous.
E
they
didn’t
know
what
the
strange
events
meant.
3
Such
a
great
number
of
people
died
because
4
Water
was
needed
because
5
The
people
did
not
lose
hope
because
D
dams
and
wells
were
useless.
B
the
quake
happened
while
they
were
sleeping.
A
the
army
came
to
help
them.
Structure
of
the
text
shocked
destroyed
2-3
no
one
noticed
Strange
things
1
Part
Events
Before
the
earthquake
(Paragraph
_______)
_____________
were
happening
both
in
the
countryside
and
in
the
city
of
Tangshan
but
_____________
them.
During
the
earthquake
(Paragraph
_______)
The
earthquake
__________
the
city
and
_________
the
people.
fresh
water
shelters
to
bury
4
Part
Events
After
the
earthquake
(Paragraph
_______)
Soldiers
were
sent
to
dig
out
those
trapped
and
_______
the
dead;
_______
were
built
for
the
homeless
and
___________
was
taken
to
the
city.
rose
and
fell
deep
cracks,
smelly
gas
too
nervous
to
eat
Things
What
happened
water
in
the
well
well
walls
chickens
and
pigs
ran
out
of,
looking
for
places
to
hide
jumped
out
bright
lights
sound
of
planes
heard
even
no
planes
cracked
and
burst
Things
What
happened
mice
fish
sky
sound
water
pipes
Data
(数据)
_____
of
the
nation
felt
the
earthquake.
A
huge
crack
that
was
__
kilometres
long
and
_____
metres
wide
cut
across
houses.
In
___
terrible
seconds
a
large
city
lay
in
ruins.
____
of
the
people
died
or
were
injured
during
the
earthquake.
The
number
of
people
who
were
killed
or
injured
reached
more
than
________.
All
of
the
city’s
hospitals,
_____
of
its
factories
and
buildings
and
_____
of
its
homes
were
gone.
1/3
8
30
15
2/3
400,000
75%
90%
Para.
2-3
These
numbers
show
the
destructive
effects
of
earthquake
directly
to
students
which
can
help
student
gain
more
information
about
the
earthquake.
How
the
army
helped
the
people
in
Tangshan?
After
the
earthquake
Retell
the
story
____________
happened
in
Tangshan.
For
a
few
days,
water
in
the
wells
____________.
From
the
______
of
wells
__________
come
out.
Mice,
chicken,
pigs
and
even
fish
became
________.
At
3:00
am,
everything
Strange
things
rose
and
fell
cracks
smelly
gas
nervous
began
to
______.
It
seemed
that
the
world
was
_________.
_________
of
the
nation
____
it.
____________
cut
across
the
city.
The
city
lay
_______.
shake
at
an
end
One-third
felt
A
huge
crack
in
ruins
Two-thirds
of
the
people
_____
or
___________.
Then
later
that
afternoon,
another
big
quake
______
Tangshan.
People
began
to
wonder
died
were
injured
shook
___________________________.
But
all
hope
___________.
_______
came
to
help
those
________.
Slowly,
the
city
began
to
_____________.
how
long
the
disaster
would
last
was
not
lost
Soldiers
breathe
again
survivors
Writing
a
summary
of
a
passage
means
looking
for
the
main
idea
of
each
part
and
putting
it
down
in
a
sentence.
Look
at
each
paragraph
of
the
reading
passage
and
write
down
its
main
idea.
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
2.
_________________________________
_________________________________
3.
_________________________________
_________________________________
4.
_________________________________
_________________________________
Before
the
earthquake
strange
things
began
to
happen
but
no
one
paid
attention
to
them.
The
earthquake
destroyed
the
city
of
Tangshan.
The
people
were
very
shocked
at
the
destruction.
The
army
came
to
help
the
survivors,
bringing
hope
for
a
new
life.
Sum
up
the
main
idea
of
each
part
of
the
passage.
Part
1:
Para
1
Part
2:
Para
2&3
Part
3:
Para
4
signs
damage
rescue
Soon
after
the
quakes
The
army:
Workers:
---sent
soldiers
to
Tangshan.
organized
teams
to
dig
out
those
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.
---built
shelters
for
survivors
whose
homes
had
been
destroyed.
Result:
The
city
began
to
breathe
again.
True
(
T
)
or
false
(
F
)?
Two-thirds
of
the
nation
felt
the
earthquake.
(
)
2.
All
the
people
in
Tangshan
were
dead
or
injured
during
the
earthquake.
(
)
3.
All
of
the
city’s
hospitals,
factories,
buildings
and
homes
were
damaged
in
the
earthquake.
(
)
F
F
F
One-third
Two-thirds
75%
90%
75%
4.
Later
that
afternoon,
a
terrible
earthquake
shook
Tangshan
again.
(
)
5.
People
slept
outdoors
after
the
earthquake.
(
)
T
T
6.
Not
only
the
people
but
also
the
animals
were
shocked
greatly.
7.
Many
rescue
workers
and
doctors
were
trapped
under
the
ruins
during
the
aftershock.
T
T
Discussion
What
should
we
do
to
protect
ourselves
if
an
earthquake
happened?
Let’s
have
a
try!
Don’t
be
nervous
and
keep
calm.
Don’t
try
to
run
out
of
the
classroom.
Protect
your
head
by
putting
your
bag
on
your
head.
Squat
or
sit
down
under
your
desk.
Leave
the
classroom
after
the
earthquake.
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
有大把高质量资料？一线教师？一线教研员？
欢迎加入21世纪教育网教师合作团队！！月薪过万不是梦！！
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Unit
4
Earthquakes
Warming-up
Look
at
the
following
pictures
and
what
words
would
you
like
to
describe
them
Tangshan
before
July
28,
1976
active
busy
full
of
life
beautiful
peaceful
calm
green
San
Francisco
before
1906
But
what
would
happen
if
there
is
an
earthquake?
Buildings
were
destroyed
Cars
are
smashed(压碎)
Roads
are
cracked
The
whole
city
was
in
ruins
Cars
were
smashed(压碎)
Peoples
were
trapped
Lives
were
lost
Earthquakes
feelings
damages
sad
nervous
lonely
helpless
homes
buildings
property
lives
hopeless
A
quiz
to
see
how
much
you
know
about
earthquakes
Warming-up
Where
do
earthquakes
happen?
When
an
earthquake
happens,
how
would
the
earth
move?
A.
up
and
down
B.
back
and
forth
C.
first
back
and
forth
and
then
up
and
down
D.
first
up
and
down
and
then
back
and
forth
3.
Is
an
earthquake
predictable?(
可预测的)
4.
What
signs
are
there
before
an
earthquake?
The
well
walls
have….
deep
cracks
The
water
in
the
well
rises
and
falls
The
farm
animals
are
too
nervous
to
eat
The
rats
…
run
out
of
the
field
The
fish
will…
jump
out
of
ponds
can
be
seen
in
the
sky.
Bright
lights
…will
come
out.
A
smelly
gas
can
be
heard
The
sound
of
planes
Water
pipes
will
…
crack
and
burst
Warming-up
5.
If
you
are
in
the
house,
what
would
you
do?
Stay
inside
B.
run
out
6.
If
you
are
in
the
classroom,
what
would
you
do?
7.
If
you
are
trapped
in
the
house,
where
should
you
hide?
8.
When
you
are
running
out
of
a
building,
how
will
you
get
out
of
the
building?
×
9.
If
you
are
trapped
under
something,
what
should
you
do?
stay
calm
and
wait
for
help
B.
cry
for
help
10.
If
you
have
time
to
take
only
one
thing
with
you
when
an
earthquake
happens,
what
will
you
take?
Why
?
Warming-up
How
many
earthquakes
do
you
know?
Tangshan
Earthquake;
San
Francisco
Earthquake;
Wenchuan
Earthquake;
Japanese
Earthquakes;
Taiwan
Earthquakes
Pre-reading
reading
what’s
the
title
of
the
passage?
A
Night
The
Earth
Didn’t
Sleep
2.
Can
you
think
of
another
title
for
this
passage?
Tangshan
Earthquake
3.
Which
one
is
the
best
do
you
think?
Why?
Strange
things
were
happening
in
the
countryside
of
northeast
Hebei.
Everything
began
to
shake.
It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end.
Everywhere
they
looked
nearly
everything
was
destroyed.
All
hope
was
not
lost.
beginning
beginning
beginning
beginning
Para-gragh
Topic
sentence
Position
in
the
para
1
2
3
4
reading
If
you
are
asked
to
divide
the
passage
into
different
parts,
how
will
you
do
it
?
What’s
the
main
idea
of
each
part
Part
1:
para
Part
2:
para
Part
3:
para
1
2&3
4
before
the
earthquake
during
the
earthquake
after
the
earthquake
signs
damage
rescue
Tangshan
reading
Where:
When:
signs
before
the
earthquake
Para.1
Fill
in
the
blanks
Strange
rose
fell
smelly
nervous
eat
jumped
ran
bright
lights
But
people
of
the
city
were
asleep
as
usual
that
night
Main
Idea
Details
________
things
were
happening
in
the
countryside
in
northeast
Hebei.
The
water
in
the
wells
____
and
______.
A
_______
gas
came
out
of
the
cracks.
The
chickens
and
pigs
were
too
________
to
_____.
Fish
________out
of
the
bowls
and
ponds.
Mice
_____
out
of
the
fields.
At
3:oo
am
on
July
28,
1976,
people
saw
________
_______
in
the
sky.
Damage
caused
by
earthquake
Para.
2-3
greatest
Steam
dirt
Bricks
dams
useless
steel
Sand
electricity
Main
Idea
Details
At
3:42
am,
the
__________
earthquake
of
the
20th
century
began
.
_______
burst
from
holes
in
the
ground.
Hard
hills
of
rock
became
rivers
of
____.
________
covered
the
ground
like
red
autumn
leaves.
Two
_______
and
most
of
the
bridges
fell.
The
railway
tracks
were
now
_________pieces
of
_______.
______
now
filled
the
wells
instead
of
water.
Water,
food
and
______________
were
hard
to
get.
Data(数据)
of
the
nation
felt
the
earthquake
.
A
huge
crack
that
was
kilometers
long
and
metres
wide
cut
across
houses.
In
terrible
seconds
a
large
city
lay
in
ruins.
of
the
people
died
or
were
injured
during
the
earthquake.
The
number
of
people
who
were
killed
or
injured
reached
more
than
.
All
of
the
city’s
hospitals,
_
of
its
factories
and
buildings
and
of
its
homes
were
gone.
1/3
8
30
15
2/3
400,000
75%
90%
Para.
2-3
15000
soldiers
dig
out
were
trapped
bury
the
dead
shelters
whose
homes
had
been
destroyed
Fresh
water
breathe
Main
Idea
Details
Rescue
after
the
earthquake
Para.4
The
army
sent
________
to
help
the
rescue
workers
The
army
organized
teams
to_______
those
who
_________
and
to
_______
___
Workers
built
_______
for
survivors
________________.
____________
was
taken
to
the
city
by
train.
Slowly,
the
city
began
to
______
again
Tangshan’s
new
look
Try
to
rescue
people;
Try
to
rebuild
families;
Try
to
forget
sad
experiences
and
live
with
strong
belief.
What
can
we
do
after
experencing
earthquakes?
What
can
we
do
to
help
those
who
suffer
the
earthquake?
Raise
some
money
for
them.
Send
them
clothes
and
other
things
that
are
necessary
for
life.
Try
to
stop
an
outbreak
of
any
diseases
4.
Encourage
them
to
live
a
normal
life.
Try
to
help
them
psychologically
谢谢
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Unit
4
Earthquakes
Unit
4
The
Attributive
Clause
apple
the
red
the
green
the
small
the
big
The
apple
which
is
red
is
mine.
The
apple
which
is
green
is
yours.
The
apple
which
is
red
is
small.
The
apple
which
is
green
is
big.
the
handsome
the
tall
the
strong
the
clever
the
naughty
boy
The
boy
is
Tom.
The
boy
who
is
handsome
is
Tom.
The
boy
who
is
tall
is
Tom.
The
boy
who
is
strong
is
Tom
The
boy
who
is
clever
is
Tom
The
boy
who
is
naughty
is
Tom.
The
kinds
of
attribute(定语):
1.He
is
an
honest
boy.
2.We
love
our
country.
3.What’s
your
telephone
number?
4.Marx
found
it
important
to
study
the
situation
in
Russia.
修饰,
限定
5.The
foreigner
who
visited
our
school
yesterday
is
from
Canada.
The
positions
of
the
attribute:
（定语的位置）
1.
This
is
a
flower
basket.
2.
This
is
a
basket
full
of
flowers.
3.
This
is
a
basket
that
I
want
to
put
flowers
in.（单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。）
She
is
the
girl
who
can
speak
English
very
well.
The
Attributive
clause
1
定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句
先行词
引导词
关系词
关系
代词
关系
副词
who
whom
that
which
whose
when
where
why
{
1
The
woman
is
a
teacher.
2
The
woman
lives
next
door.
The
woman
who
lives
next
door
is
a
teacher.
The
nurse
is
kind.
The
nurse
looks
after
my
sister.
{
The
nurse
who/that
looks
after
my
sister
is
kind.
Kevin
is
reading
a
book.
The
book
is
too
difficult
for
him.
Kevin
is
reading
a
book
which
/
that
is
too
difficult
for
him.
I
have
a
friend.
He
likes
listening
to
classical
music.
I
have
a
friend
who
/
that
likes
listening
to
classical
music.
Many
people
were
afraid
to
swim
in
the
sea.
They
saw
the
film
Jaws.
Many
people
who
/
that
saw
the
film
were
afraid
to
swim
in
the
sea.
It
is
about
a
big
white
shark.
It
attacks
swimmers
.
It
is
about
a
big
white
shark
which
/
that
attacks
swimmers.
The
boys
who
/
that
are
playing
football
are
from
Class
One.
(主语)
The
man
(whom
/
that)
you
met
just
now
is
my
teacher.
(宾语)
Plane
is
a
machine
which
/
that
can
fly.
(主语)
This
is
the
pen
(which
/
that)
he
bought
yesterday.
(宾语)
Yesterday
she
talked
with
one
woman
____
husband
died
in
that
accident.
A.
which
B.
whose
C.
of
which
D.
that
B
关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用whose,可理解为“…的”
Which
baby
is
Jack?
穿红裤子的baby是Jack。
The
baby
is
Jack.
The
baby
is
Jack.
whose
trousers
are
red
who
is
wearing
red
trousers
Jack
Which
house
is
mine?
房顶是棕色的房子是我的。
The
house
is
mine.
whose
roof
is
brown
My
house
The
house
the
roof
of
which
is
brown
is
mine.
I
know
the
doctor.
His
daughter
studies
abroad.
I
know
the
doctor
whose
daughter
studies
abroad.
Have
you
seen
my
book?
The
book’s
cover
is
red.
Have
you
seen
my
book
whose
cover
is
red.
1.
The
student
______father
works
in
the
factory
is
sitting
there.
2.
I
like
the
rooms
______windows
face
south.
3.This
is
the
desk
______legs
were
broken.
whose
whose
whose
把下列句子分成两层意思:
The
one
million
people
of
the
city,
who
thought
little
of
these
events,
went
to
bed
as
usual
that
night.
1
The
one
million
people
of
the
city
went
to
bed
as
usual
that
night.
2
The
one
million
people
of
the
city
thought
little
of
these
events.
It
was
heard
in
Beijing,
which
is
one
hundred
kilometers
away.
1
It
was
heard
in
Beijing.
2
Beijing
is
one
hundred
kilometers
away.
A
huge
crack
that
was
eight
kilometres
long
and
thirty
metres
wide
cut
across
houses,
roads
and
canals.
1
A
huge
crack
cut
across
houses,
roads
and
canals.
2
A
huge
crack
was
eight
kilometres
long
and
thirty
metres
wide.
The
number
of
people
who
were
killed
or
Injured
reached
more
than
400,
000.
1
The
number
of
people
reached
more
than
400,
000.
2
Those
people
were
killed
or
injured.
The
army
organized
teams
to
dig
out
those
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.
1
The
army
organized
teams
to
dig
out
people
and
to
bury
the
dead.
2
Those
people
were
trapped.
Beijing
is
the
city
___________has
got
the
chance
to
host
the
2008
Olympic
Games.
the
city
/
get
the
chance
to
host
the
2008
Olympic
Games
which
/
that
Ye
Xin
is
a
nurse__________died
in
the
fight
against
SARS.
a
nurse/
die
in
the
fight
against
SARS
who
/
that
Titanic
is
the
ship
___________sank
after
hitting
an
iceberg.
which/that
Halloween
is
a
day
is
also
called
The
eve
of
All
Saints'Day.
which
Rose
and
Jack
are
the
lovers
who
met
on
the
ship.
Rose
the
lady/meet
Jack
on
Titanic
Rose
is
met
Jack
on
Titanic
Jack
the
young
man
/want
to
save
Rose
the
man
/want
to
kill
Jack
Cal
Jack
is
wanted
to
save
Rose
Cal
is
wanted
to
kill
Jack.
the
lady
who
the
young
man
who
the
man
who
the
ship
/
sink
into
the
ocean
the
ship
/
is
the
most
beautiful
in
the
world
at
that
time
Titanic
is
sank
into
the
ocean.
Titanic
is
was
the
most
beautiful
in
the
word
at
that
time.
the
ship
that
the
ship
that
the
Heart
of
Ocean
the
diamond
/
is
worn
by
Rose
The
Heart
of
Ocean
is
was
worn
by
Rose.
the
diamond
/
is
dropped
into
the
ocean
by
Rose
The
Heart
of
Ocean
is
was
dropped
into
the
ocean
by
Rose
the
diamond
that
the
diamond
that
关系代词:
1.
that可指人，可指物,
作主语或宾语
(作宾语可省略,
前面不能加介词。）
2.
which
指物，作主语或宾语
(作宾语可省略,
若介词提前则不能省)
3.
who指人,
作主语或宾语
(作宾语可省略,
前面不能加介词。）
4.
whom
指人,作主语或宾语
(作宾语可省略,
若介词提前则不能省)
一般多用that的情况：
I
am
sure
she
has
something
(that)
you
can
borrow.
I’ve
read
all
the
books
that
are
not
mine.
(1)
先行词为all,
everything,
nothing,
something,anything,
little,
much
等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被all,
every,
no,
some,
any,
little,
much等修饰时。
This
is
the
first
book
(that)
he
has
read.
This
is
the
very
book
that
belongs
to
him.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
(4)先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
same,
the
last修饰时。
who或which的问句中。
Who
is
the
girl
that
drove
the
car?
Which
is
the
book
that
you
bought
last
week?
(6)
主句以There
be
引导时
There
are
200
people
that
didn’t
know
the
thing.
(7)
当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時
She
isn’t
the
girl
that
she
was
10
years
ago.
英译中
1
Due
to
the
break-up
of
traffic
and
communication,
there
hasn’t
been
any
news
about
the
100,000
people
in
Wenchuan
which
is
in
the
center
of
the
earthquake
up
till
now.
由于交通和通信的中断，震中汶川县内的10万人口尚无任何信息传出来。
2
The
survivors
who
are
waiting
to
be
rescued
will
face
the
shortage
of
clean
water,
shelter,
food,
and
medicine.
等待救援的幸存者将面临缺乏净水、
庇护所、食物、和药物的困境。
All
_____
we
need
is
to
be
supplied
with
food
and
clothing.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
which
D.
whom
2.The
man_______talked
to
you
just
now
is
an
engineer.
A.
who
B.
whose
C.
which
D.
what
Exercises:
3.
Can
you
tell
me
the
name
of
the
factory_____
you
visited
last
week?
A.
what
B.
in
where
C.
/
D.
when
4.
I
don’t
like
the
way____
you
speak
to
her.
A.
that
B.
in
that
C.
who
D.
whose
5.
The
most
important
thing____
we
should
pay
attention
to
is
the
first
thing
______
I
have
said.
A.
which;
that
B.
that;
which
C.
which;
which
D.
that;
that
6.
She
spent
the
whole
evening
talking
about
the
things
and
persons____
none
of
us
has
ever
heard
of.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
whom
D.
that
7.
Who
is
the
person________
is
talking
about
the
accident
______
happened
on
Highway
104?
A.
which;
which
B.
who;
what
C.
that;
that
D.
what;
what
1._____
is
known
to
everybody,
the
moon
travels
around
the
earth
once
every
month.
A.
It
B.
As
C.
That
D.
what
2.The
famous
basketball
star,
_____
tried
to
make
a
comeback,
attracted
a
lot
of
attention.
A.
where
B.
when
C.
which
D.
who
3.
Her
sister
has
become
a
lawyer,
______
she
wanted
to
be.
A.
who????
B.
that????
C.
what????
D.
which
4.
Do
you
have
any
idea
_______
is
actually
going
on
in
the
classroom?
A.
that????
B.
what????
C.
as????
D.
which
5.
Last
month,
part
of
Southeast
Asia
was
struck
by
floods,
from
____
effects
the
people
are
still
suffering.?
A.
that????
B.
whose????
C.
those????
D.
what
6.
Women
____
drink
more
than
two
cups
of
coffee
a
day
have
a
greater
chance
of
having
heart
disease
than
those
____
don’t.
A.
who;
不填??
B.
who;
不填??
C.
who;?
who??
D.
不填；不填
7.
His
movie
won
several
awards
at
the
film
festival,
______
was
beyond
his
wildest
dream.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
where
D.
it
8.
The
thought
of
going
back
home
was
kept
him
happy
while
he
was
working
abroad．
A.
that
B.
all
that
C.
all
what
D.
which
谢谢
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Unit
4
Earthquakes
Unit
4
Earthquakes
1.
Imagine
your
home
begins
to
shake
and
you
must
leave
it
right
away.
imagine:
form
a
mental
picture
imagine
+
n.
/pron.
imagine
sb.
to
be
Imagine
yourself
to
be
on
a
desert
island.
设想一下你身处荒岛的情形。
right
away:
at
once;
in
no
time;
immediately
right
now:
at
this
very
moment
Make
up
your
mind
___________.
I’ll
return
the
book
___________.
right
now
right
away
smelly:
smell
+
y
=
adj.
smell
n.
/
v.
(smelt
/
smelled)
They
were
all
hungry
and
the
food
______
good.
I
can
______
something
burning
in
the
kitchen.
Please
throw
the
_______
fish
away.
smelt
smell
smelly
2.
A
______
gas
came
___
__
the
cracks.
smelly
out
of
3.
…
the
water
pipes
in
some
buildings
cracked
and
_____.
burst
【寓词于境】
阅读下列句子，并试着
总结burst在句中的词性、含义及用法。
1.
The
pipes
had
burst
and
the
house
was
under
two
feet
of
water.
2.
The
police
burst
into
the
room
and
took
the
young
man
away.
3.
Hearing
the
news,
the
woman
burst
into
laughter.
5.
There
was
a
burst
of
laughter
in
the
next
room.
4.
She
burst
out
crying
for
no
reason,
which
surprised
us.
burst作
___
词，意思是
_____（句1）；常用于短语
burst
into
+
a
room,
building,
etc.
闯入，突然破门而入（句2）；burst
into
+
n.
突然爆发，突然……起来（句3）；burst
out
doing突然……（句4）。burst作
___
词，意思是
_________（句5），还可指“爆裂；破裂之处，裂口”。
动
爆裂
名
突然一阵
用burst或其短语的适当形式填空。
1.
The
plane
crashed
and
_________
flames.
2.
The
dam
_____
because
of
the
heavy
rain.
3.
It
looked
as
if
Kate
was
about
to
_____
____
tears.
4.
Everyone
was
quiet
when
John
suddenly
_________
laughing.
burst
out
burst
into
burst
burst
into
4.
It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end!
1)
as
if
似乎，好像
=
as
though
She
spoke
to
me
as
if
she
knew
me.
她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我似的。
2)
as
if
在表语从句中相当于that:
It
seemed
as
if
the
meeting
would
never
end.
看起来会议没完没了。
本文中as
if
的用法就是第二种。
It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end!
=
It
seemed
that
the
world
was
at
an
end!
at
an
end
at
the
end
of
用于表示具体事物或场所的场合，它也可以用来表示比喻意;
by
the
end
of
用于表示时间的场合，到……结束的时候，用于过去完成时态;
in
the
end
意思“最后、终于”。
at
the
end
of
by
the
end
of
in
the
end
1)
His
father
will
return
home
___________
this
year.
2)
He
will
be
a
scientist
__________.
3)
How
many
English
words
had
you
learned
____________
last
term?
at
the
end
of
in
the
end
by
the
end
of
5.
In
fifteen
terrible
seconds
a
large
city
lay
in
_____.
ruins
lie
(lay,
lain):
to
be,
remain
or
be
kept
in
a
certain
state
in
ruins:
severely
damaged
or
destroyed
ruin
destroy
damage
①
damage
指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,
也可以用作名词,
用作名词时常与to
something连用。
The
accident
did
a
lot
of
damage
to
his
car.
②
destroy
只能用作动词,
指彻底破坏,
以致不可能修复,
常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,
也可以指希望、计划等打破。
The
earthquake
destroyed
almost
the
whole
town.
③
ruin指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打击结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
The
fire
ruined
the
house.
The
company
is
facing
ruin.
The
house
has
fallen
into
ruin.
Smoking
ruined
his
health.
吸烟毁了他的健康。
She
ruined
his
prospects.
她毁了他的前途。
The
village
____
in
ruins
after
the
war.
These
machines
have
____
idle
since
the
factory
closed.
lay
lain
Everywhere
they
looked
nearly
everything
was
_________.
destroyed
He
______
his
girl
friend’s
prospects.
ruined
Soft
wood
________
easily.
damages
An
earthquake
left
the
whole
town
_________.
His
career
is
________.
in
ruins
in
ruins
6.
Two-thirds
of
the
people
died
or
were
_______
during
the
earthquake.
injured
More
than
61%
of
the
surface
of
the
earth
____
covered
by
water.
Seventy
percent
of
the
workers
in
this
factory
____
young.
以百分数作为主语的，谓语动词是单数还是负数取决于百分数后面跟的名词是可数还是不可数的。
is
are
请根据提示完成下列句子。
1.
________
(三分之一)
of
the
students
in
our
class
____
(be)
girls.
2.
__________
(五分之三)
of
the
soil
__________
(wash)
away
by
the
flood
last
night.
3.
______
(一半)
of
the
desks
in
this
school
________
(make)
in
his
company.
4.
______
(大部分的)
of
the
lecture
he
made
yesterday
____
(be)
interesting.
One-third
are
Three-fifths
was
washed
Half
are
made
Most
was
5.
___________________
(数万)
people
___________
(dance)
in
the
big
square
now.
6.
There
were
____________
(一万)
students
taking
part
in
the
exam
yesterday.
7.
________________
(百分之九十)
of
the
mountain
_________
(cover)
by
trees.
is
covered
Tens
of
thousands
of
are
dancing
ten
thousand
90%
/
90
percent
injure
hurt
wound
injure:
to
hurt
oneself/
sb.
/
sth.
physically
三者都可表示受伤，伤害。
injure
一般是指在事故中受伤，往往意为“外伤”。
wound
一般指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤等，尤其指在战争中，打斗中受伤。
hurt
可指对身体上的伤害，也指对心灵造成的伤害。
Their
criticisms
_________
him
deeply.
Smoking
will
________
his
health.
He
was
slightly
_______
in
the
car
accident.
He
got
_________
in
the
fighting.
What
you
said
_____
my
feeling.
have
hurt
injured
injured
wounded
hurt
7.
trap
阅读下列句子，注意trap的意思及用法。
1)
The
elevator
broke
down
and
we
were
trapped
inside
(it).
2)
I
must
take
no
notice
of
their
politeness
or
kindness
which
was
designed
to
trap
me
into
giving
information.
3)
If
we’re
lucky,
the
thief
will
fall
right
into
our
trap.
[归纳]
trap可以作
_____，意为：
___________（句1）。可以构成短语trap
sb.
into
(doing)
sth.，表示“使中计；使陷入圈套”（句2）。也可以作名词，意为：
_____（句3）；
_____（句4）。
动词
使陷入困境
困境
陷阱
4)
To
break
out
of
the
trap
they
need
help
from
the
government.
根据括号内的提示完成句子。
1.
I
knew
perfectly
well
_____________
(这是一个陷阱).
2.
By
clever
questioning,
they
________
________
(诱使他)
making
an
agreement.
it
was
a
trap
trapped
him
into
8.
shock
I
was
shocked
by
the
way
he
treated
his
own
mother.
He
was
shocked
at
her
smoking.
shock
v.
（使）震惊，使惊愕
Whoever
touches
that
wire
can
get
badly
shocked.
It
gave
me
quite
a
shock
to
be
told
I
was
seriously
ill.
shock
v.
使受电击
shock
n.
震惊
An
electric
shock
can
kill
you.
shock
n.
电击
有类似用法的词有很多，如：interest,
frighten,
excite,
puzzle,
satisfy等。
shock有两种分词转化成的形容词形式：shocking令人震惊的（用来修饰物）；shocked震惊的（用来修饰人）。
用shock的适当形式填空。
1.
The
news
of
his
mother’s
death
was
a
terrible
_______
to
him.
2.
What
_______
us
most
was
that
such
a
good
boy
should
quarrel
with
his
father.
3.
O.
Henry’s
short
stories
always
gave
the
readers
________
endings.
shocking
shock
shocked
1.
The
sound
of
planes
could
be
heard
outside
the
city
of
Tangshan
even
when
no
planes
were
in
the
sky.
这是一个复合句。主句是
____________
__________________________________
__________，outside
the
city
of
Tangshan在主句中作地点状语，_____引导时间状语从句。
The
sound
of
planes
could
be
heard
outside
the
city
of
Tangshan
when
【翻译】
即使天空没有飞机，在唐山市城外也可以听到飞机声。
【仿写】
即使事情老是不如意，我的同桌也从未放弃。
________________________________________________________________
My
desk-mate
never
gives
up
even
when
things
keep
going
badly.
2.
But
the
one
million
people
of
the
city,
who
thought
little
of
these
events,
were
asleep
as
usual
that
night.
这是一个复合句。句子的主干是
__________________________________
_________________。_____引导非限制
性定语从句，修饰people。
But
the
one
million
people
were
asleep
as
usual
that
night
who
【翻译】
但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当作一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。
【仿写】
但是，那位与我素不相识的年轻人，那天就像我的亲兄弟一样帮助我摆脱了困境。
____________________________________________________________________
______________
But
the
young
man,
whom
I
didn’t
know,
helped
me
out
like
my
own
brother
that
day.
3.
It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end!
这是一个复合句。主句是
_________，
as
if引导表语从句，其后从句中谓语动
词常用虚拟语气。
【翻译】
世界似乎到了末日!
【仿写】
这场仗似乎老打不完。
______________________________
______________________________
It
seemed
It
seemed
as
if
the
fight
would
never
end.
4.
The
army
organized
teams
to
dig
out
those
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.
部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖
出来，将死者掩埋。
句子的主干是The
army
organized
teams,
to
dig
out
...
and
to
bury
...
这两个不定式短语作目的状语，who
were
trapped是定语从句，修饰
_____。
those
【仿写】
他们种下许多果树，让那些穷人富裕起来，而且也是为了保护环境。
________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
They
planted
plenty
of
fruit
trees
to
make
those
who
were
poor
rich
and
also
to
protect
the
environment.
dig
out
挖掘；发现
to
dig
out
the
tapped
miners
把困在井下的矿工们挖救上来
to
dig
oneself
out
of
the
snow
自己从雪堆中爬出来
We
dug
out
the
truth
from
a
mass
of
information.
我们从一大堆材料中发现了真相。
bury:
A.
to
place
in
the
ground
B.
to
occupy
(oneself)
with
deep
concentration;
absorb
The
dog
buried
the
bone
in
the
ground.
I
buried
myself
in
my
studies.
bury
oneself
in
=
be
buried
in
devote
oneself
to
=
be
devoted
to
5.
Thousands
of
families
were
killed
and
many
children
were
left
without
parents.
a.
这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。
b.
本句的结构是：第一个分句
（Thousands
of
families
were
killed）
+
and
+
第二个分句（many
children
were
left
without
parents）。
c.
第二个分句的结构为：主语（many
children）
+
谓语（were
left）
+
主语补足语（without
parents）。
d.
可以充当补足语的还有形容词、分词、不定式、名词或句子等。
【仿写】有这么多作业要做，我怎么能轻松起来呢？
____________________________________________________
How
could
I
feel
relaxed
with
so
much
homework
to
do?
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
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Unit
4
Earthquakes
Unit
4
adv.
好;
令人满意地
She
sings
well.
她歌唱得很好。
n.
井;
水井
The
old
well
in
the
village
had
a
wall
around
it
.
村里的古井有井栏围绕。
1
well
2.
too…to…
太……而不能
eg:
She
is
too
short
to
reach
the
book
on
the
shelf.
她太矮了而不能够到架子上的书。
too+adj.+for
sb.
to
do
sth.
太……以至于某人不能做某事
eg:The
problem
is
too
difficult
for
me
to
work
out.
这个问题太难了，我解答不出来。
The
balloon
suddenly
burst.
burst
into
+
n.
突然进入/发生
……
Some
robbers
burst
into
that
house.
burst
out
+
doing
突然……起来
They
burst
out
laughing.
3.burst
:
to
come
open
or
fly
apart
suddenly
爆裂;
爆发
Burst
&
Crack
burst
–
v.
(使)破裂;
(使）爆炸
crack
v.
(使)裂开
n.
裂缝
1.
The
windows
was
cracked
but
not
broken.
窗玻璃裂了但没有碎。
2.
The
balloon
burst
.
气球吹炸了。
burst
–burst
4.
think
little/nothing
of
以为……没什么了不起，对……满不在乎，忽视……
eg：I
gave
him
some
good
advice,
but
he
thought
little
of
it.
我给他提了一些好的建议，但他根本不理会。
5.
as
if
仿佛，好像
eg:
It
seems
as
if
our
team
is
going
to
win.
看来好像我们队要获胜了。
You
look
as
if
you
didn’t
care.
你看上去好像并不在乎
The
war
was
at
an
end.
at
the
end
of
在……尽头，在……末
Go
straight
and
you’ll
find
the
hospital
at
the
end
of
the
road.
by
the
end
of
直到…末,到……结束的时候，主句一般用完成时
in
the
end
最后、终于
6.at
an
end
(=finished)
结束;
终结
An
earthquake
left
the
whole
town
in
ruins.
His
career
is
in
ruins
.
in
ruins
:
severely
damaged
or
destroyed
毁坏;
严重受损;
破败不堪
7.
ruin
n.
毁灭;
崩溃;
覆灭
The
castle
has
fallen
into
ruins
.
8.
injure
v.
损害，伤害，一般指由意外或事故而造成的伤害
He
fell
off
the
bicycle
and
injured
his
arm.
She
was
serious
injured
in
a
road
accident.
1.
Most
of
the
old
part
of
the
city
was
destroyed
by
bombs
during
the
war.
2.
The
accident
seemed
to
have
completely
destroyed
his
confidence.
9.
destroy
vt.
彻底破坏,
摧毁以致不可能修复,
也可指希望、计划等破灭。
10.cover
遮盖，遮蔽
be
covered
with
被……遮盖
cover
…with
用……遮盖……
eg:
The
road
is
covered
with
snow.
He
covered
the
table
with
a
tablecloth.
11.Shock
震惊，打击，吃惊程度很大
be
shocked
by/at
对……感到吃惊，震惊
be
shocked
to
do
sth.做某事很吃惊
be
shocked
that
对……震惊
Eg:We
were
shocked
by/at
his
sudden
death.
12.
rescue
n.搭救;
解救
come/go
to
one’s
rescue援救某人
They
came
to
our
rescue
when
we
were
in
danger
.
a
rescue
team
救援队
v.救出;
解救
rescue...from…
把…从…中解救出来
He
rescued
the
boy
from
drowning.
他们把溺水的男孩救起来了
13.trap
trap可以作
_____，意为：
___________。可以构成短语trap
sb.
into
(doing)
sth.，表示“使中计；使陷入圈套”
。也可以作名词,
意为：
_____；
_____。
动词
使陷入困境
困境
陷阱
[即学即练]
根据括号内的提示完成句子。
1.
I
knew
perfectly
well
_____________
(这是一个陷阱).
2.
By
clever
questioning,
they
______________
(诱使他)
making
an
agreement.
it
was
a
trap
trapped
him
into
[考点]
last在此句中意为“持续，延续”。可单独使用，也可后接for
+一段时间（for可以省略）。
14.
People
began
to
wonder
how
long
the
disaster
would
last.
[考例]
The
evening
news
comes
on
at
seven
o’clock
and
______
only
thirty
minutes.
A.
keeps
B.
continues
C.
finishes
D.
lasts
[点拨]
根据句意“……只持续30分钟”，排除C；
keep意为“维持，保持”时，后接形容词作表语，排除A;
continue指继续做某事；last指某事持续了多长时间。
15.
All
hope
was
not
lost.
[考点]
all...not
=
not
all...意为“并不都……”，是部分否定。当all,
both及every的合成词与not
连用时，表示部分否定；完全否定要用no,
never,
nowhere,
none,
neither,
nothing,
nobody等。
[考例]
I
agree
with
most
of
what
you
said,
but
I
don’t
agree
with
______.
A.
everything
B.
anything
C.
something
D.
nothing
[点拨]
根据前面的“我同意你说的大部分”，暗示“我并不同意所有的”，可知是部分否定，选A。not...everything表示的是部分否定。
16.dig
out
挖掘，发现
A
great
number
of
people
were
dug
out
from
the
ruins
in
the
Sichuan
Earthquake.
在四川地震中许多人被挖出来。
17.
bury
vt.
埋葬;
葬
The
boy
buried
the
dead
bird
in
the
backyard.
男孩们把死鸟埋在后院。
vt.
使沉浸（或专心于）
be
buried
in
thought
出神深思
bury
oneself
in
study
埋头研究
a.
这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。
b.
本句的结构是：主语（The
army）
+
谓语（organized）
+
宾语（teams）
+
目的状语（to
dig
out
those
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead）。
c.
who
were
trapped是定语从句，修饰先行词those。
d.
and连接两个不定式短语作目的状语。
18.
shelter
n.
庇护所;
避难所;
遮蔽物
a
shelter
for
the
homeless
In
the
storm
I
took
shelter
under
a
tree
.
v.
庇护;
掩蔽;
保护
The
plants
must
be
sheltered
from
direct
sunlight.
19.Difficult
sentences
analysis
But
the
one
million
people
of
the
city,
who
thought
little
of
these
events,
were
asleep
as
usual
that
night.
who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先词
people
主语.
谓语.
表语.
状语.
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，
或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。
主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分
开，不用that引导,常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有
as，which，who，
whom，whose等，在
定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语及定语。
关系副词有when，where等，在定语从
句中做状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语
从句中一般不能省。
A
the
army
came
to
help
them.
B
the
quake
happened
while
they
were
sleeping.
C
they
were
nervous.
D
dames
and
wells
were
useless.
E
they
didn’t
know
what
the
strange
events
meant.
1
The
chickens
didn’t
eat
because
2
The
people
didn’t
worry
because
3
Such
a
great
number
of
people
died
because
4
Water
was
needed
because
5
The
people
did
not
lose
hope
because
1.Join
the
correct
parts
of
the
sentences.
Reading
Comprehension
V
2.
Make
a
timeline
below.
Reading
Comprehension
VI
TIME
EVENTS
For
three
days
At
about
3:00
am
on
July
28,
1976
TIME
EVENTS
For
three
days
1
water
in
the
village
wells
rose
and
fell
2
well
walls
developed
deep
cracks
3
a
smelly
gas
came
out
of
the
cracks
4
mice
ran
out
of
the
fields
5
fish
jumped
out
of
their
bowls
and
ponds
TIME
EVENTS
At
about
3:00
am
on
July
28,
1976
1
bright
lights
appeared
in
the
sky
2
the
sound
of
planes
could
be
heard
although
there
were
no
planes
3
some
water
pipes
burst
TIME
EVENTS
At
3:42
am
on
July
28,
1976
1
everything
began
to
shake
2
huge
cracks
appeared
in
the
roads
3
steam
burst
from
holes
in
the
ground
4
rock
turned
into
rivers
of
dirt
5
75%
buildings
and
90%
of
homes
were
gone
6
more
than
400,000
people
killed
or
injured
TIME
EVENTS
Afternoon
of
July
28,
1976
1
a
second
quake
almost
as
strong
as
the
first
one
2
more
damage
to
buildings
and
rescuers
Soon
after
the
quake
1
the
army
arrived
2
shelters
built
for
survivors
3
water
supplies
brought
in
3.
Second
reading:
Structure
of
the
text
shocked
destroyed
2-3
no
one
noticed
Strange
things
1
Part
Events
Before
the
earthquake
(Paragraph
_______)
_____________
were
happening
both
in
the
countryside
and
in
the
city
of
Tangshan
but
_____________
them.
During
the
earthquake
(Paragraph
_______)
The
earthquake
________
the
city
and
_______
the
people.
fresh
water
shelters
to
bury
4
Part
Events
After
the
earthquake
(Paragraph
_______)
Soldiers
were
sent
to
dig
out
those
trapped
and
_______
the
dead;
_______
were
built
for
the
homeless
and
___________
was
taken
to
the
city.
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