(共17张PPT)
高考中的单项选择题虽然只有15道,但考查的知识点几乎涉及中学所学的所有语法项目,包括冠词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、动词、连词、各类从句、倒装、it的用法等。此外,还有交际口语。考点虽然广泛,但以动词为重点。从历届全国高考及各省的高考题来看,动词少则5道(占单选总量的33.3%),多则8道(占单选题总量的53.3%)。动词的考点包括时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、动词辨析、短语动词等。
2011年的单项选择的命题原则仍然会是在“语境化”的基础上,更加突出对词汇的考查,突出语法的语用考查。单选题非常强调语境,这就要求同学们在掌握了语法和语言知识点的同时,还要培养在语境中对语言意义的领悟、判断与运用能力。词汇量的要求会在2010年的基础上再有略微的增加。所以考生应把考纲要求掌握的词汇扎扎实实地掌握好。在正确拼写单词的基础上,再根据单词,词组的各种意思,能正确造句,即老师常说的“词不离句”
把考纲要求的语法,根据近几年的考查重点难点看,考生要重点突破三大类从句,即“状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句”,动词要重点突破“九大时态”和“非谓语动词”。语法的考查非常灵活,但只要考生尊重“语境”,再把语法“对号入座”,应该能大大提高解题的正确率的。
第①讲 名词
例① The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct ______.
A. solution B. target
C. measure D. function
[解析]考查名词辨析。 学校顾问们虽然帮你把问题谈透彻了,但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。solution 解决方法; target 目标; measure 措施,举措; function 作用,功能。
例② The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the digital resources of the library.
A. access B. passage
C. way D. approach
[解析]考查名词辨析。 该题的意思是:设计这个体系的目的是给学生们提供快速且容易地使用图书馆电子资源的机会。access to sth.不仅可以表示“入径”,而且可以表示“接近或使用某物的机会或权利”,此处就是第二义。而passage“通道”, way “道路,方法”,approach “小径,方法”虽然都与“道路”相关,但都只是本义,不能表达“机会”之意,故不符合语境。
例③ Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.
A. relief B. safety
C. defense D. shelter
[解析]考查名词辨析。 relief 解脱,减轻。句意: 那些头疼患者会发现他们吃了这个药之后,觉得疼痛减轻了。
例④ I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl,and she has changed beyond ______.
A. hearing B. strength
C. recognition D. measure
[解析]考查名词辨析。 hearing意为“听力”;strength意为“力气;力量”; recognition意为“认出;识别;认识”; measure意为“测量;措施”。后半句意为:“她变得认不出来了。”
例⑤ This restaurant has become popular for its wide ______ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division B. area
C. range D. circle
[解析]考查名词辨析。 句意:由于其具有可满足各种口味及各种消费水平的人所需求的不同种类的食物,这家餐馆已经很受欢迎了。its wide range of foods意为“不同系列的食物”。
以下长、难单词如accent, account, aspect, attitude, attempt, atmosphere, advantage, average, admission, ambition, anniversary, appointment, anxiety, appetite, brochure, campaign, conclusion, contrast, challenge, consequence, direction, evidence, emergency, effect, effort, function, feature, insurance, intelligence, identity, impression, occasion, occupation, summary, sympathy, standard, souvenir, significance, schedule, principle, phenomenon, potential, a series of, a range of, welfare, a variety of 等是备考的重点。
另外还要注意拼写相近、相似的名词如“instrument与instruction; incident与accident; process与progress; reward与award; relief与belief; sign与signal”等;
近义词的辨析如“way, means, approach与method; date与appointment”等;
多义词如“company 公司;陪同,陪伴;sense 感觉,意识;意义;exercise 练习,习题;锻炼;character性格;人物;汉字;practice 实践;例行做法,惯例;experience 经验;经历”等;
词组搭配如“find fault with…, make sense, make a difference” 等。
归类进行整理并强化分类记忆这些词汇会大有裨益的。
① — What does your professor look like
— An unusually pointed chin is his most memorable facial ______.
A. mark B. feature
C. theme D. appearance
[解析]答句句意:尖下巴是他的难忘的面部特征。mark 记号,符号;feature 特征,特色;theme 主题;appearance 外表。
② Sign language is as complex and rich as any spoken language, even though there is no official ______ of the language in some countries.
A. association B. dedication
C. recognition D. restriction
[解析]句意:手势语和口语一样丰富、复杂,即使是在一些国家并没有官方的认可。association 联系,协会;dedication奉献,献词; recognition 承认,认可; restriction 限制。
③ Some students were badly injured in Yushu Earthquake, but fortunately they got treatment without ______.
A. design B. departure
C. delay D. distribution
[解析]without delay 及时地,毫不耽搁地。
④ Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any ______ of what I said.
A. remark B. attention
C. notice D. observation
[解析]take no notice of 不理睬,不注意。 remark 评论;pay attention to 注意……; observation 观察,观测。
⑤ When operating this machine, you'd better follow the ______ in case accidents happen.
A. instructions
B. principle
C. brochure
D. aspect
[解析]follow the instructions 遵照说明书(来操作机器)。principle 原则,原理;brochure 小册子,手册;aspect 方面,层面。