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b
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SINCE
2000-
己7世纪盲
27世纪数
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aC
oab
e
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d
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icons:
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and
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2
名字
Courage
外形特征男性;身高一米五;体重五十公斤
性格善良,耐心,细心,爱好运动
1.储存了如此多的各学科知识以致于能帮助我
解决学习上的难题
职责2.能记忆有关篮球、足球的知识从而陪我一起
打篮球、踢足球
3.会做家务活,如做饭、拖地、打扫房间
特点很便宜,也很实用,是我最亲密的朋友
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Important
Vocabulary
calculate,
calculator,
PC,
notebook,
common,
analytical,
simple,
simple-minded,
technology,
technological,
revolution,
universal,
mathematical,
artificial
intelligence,
anyway,
totally,
network,
truly,
race,
birth,
IT,
advantage,
disadvantage,
type,
disagree,
choice,
material,
personally,
create,
coach,
move,
arise,
brain,
mop,
wander
in
common,
in
one’s
opinion,
go
by,
so…that,
deal
with,
human
race,
in
a
way,
make
up,
after
all,
with
the
help
of,
watch
over
Listen
to
a
conversation
about
different
kinds
of
information
technology
or
IT.
Pay
attention
to
the
advantages
and
disadvantages
of
each
one.
Discuss
the
advantages
and
disadvantages.
Try
to
use
the
following
expressions
in
your
discussion.
The
advantage/disadvantage
is…
I
don’t
like
this
one
because
…
What
is
your
reason?
In
my
opinion
…
I
believe
that
…
I’ve
decided
…
I
think
this
one
is
better
because
…
Let’s
make
our
decision.
LM:
What
are
you
doing
Dave?
D:
I’m
reading
about
information
technology.
LM:
You
mean
things
like
computers?
In
my
opinion
they’re
so
boring
to
read
about.
They’re
only
good
to
use.
D:
But
they’re
just
one
kind
of
IT.
LM:
Really?
So
what
else
is
part
of
IT?
Listening
text
Li
Ming=LM
Dave=D
D:
We’ve
had
IT
for
a
long
time.
Books,
radios
and
TVs
are
also
kinds
of
IT.
LM:
Oh.
I
never
thought
of
that
before.
Books
are
a
wonderful
way
for
us
to
get
information.
D:
Yeah,
I
believe
that
too.
They
are
cheap
and
easy
to
take
with
you
but
sometimes
the
information
is
out
of
date.
LM:
I
agree.
The
world
is
changing
so
fast.
But
in
my
opinion
listening
to
sports
on
the
radio
is
better
than
anything
else.
Sometimes
I
also
listen
to
English
programmes
on
the
radio.
But
they
speak
so
fast
and
sometimes
it’s
difficult
to
understand
everything.
D:
Yes.
I
also
listen
to
English
on
the
radio
but
it’s
easier
to
follow
on
TV
because
you
can
also
see
what
is
going
on.
Sometimes
it
is
more
interesting
to
watch
sports
on
TV
than
just
listen
to
them
on
the
radio.
LM:
I
disagree
because
you
get
such
a
lot
of
information
on
the
technical
aspects
of
a
game
on
the
radio.
You
don’t
get
that
on
TV.
But
I
still
think
that
the
computer
is
the
best
kind
of
IT.
You
can
watch
a
film
on
it,
write
to
friends,
get
information,
and
find
out
what
is
going
on
in
the
world.
D:
I
know,
but
it
is
also
the
most
expensive
and
it
is
too
big
to
carry
with
you
everywhere.
Also
the
Internet
has
nobody
to
check
whether
than
information
you
find
there
is
correct.
So
you
have
to
be
careful.
LM:
Well,
I
suppose
all
kinds
of
IT
have
both
disadvantages
and
advantages.
You
can
both
listen
and
watch.
You
can
find
information.
You
can
listen
to
English.
You
can
get
information.
You
cannot
write
to
friends.
It
is
very
expensive.
You
cannot
watch
a
film.
Sometimes
it
is
out
of
date.
Type
of
IT
Advantages
Disadvantages
TV
Web
Radio
Book
Reading
&
Speaking
Reading
What
does
Andy
look
like?
Andy
looks
like
a
human.
Think
about
the
following
questions.
2.
What
can
it
do?
It
is
designed
to
play
football
games
and
can
move
and
think
like
a
human.
3.
What
part
does
Andy
play
in
the
football
team?
He’s
a
striker.
1.
advantages
n.
优点;
优势;
有利条件
There
are
several
advantages
in
city
life.
take
advantage
of
利用
be
to
your
advantage
对……有利
disadvantage
n.
缺点,
劣势;
不利条件
Language
points
2.
type
1)
n.
类型
This
is
a
new
type
of
machine,
with
lots
of
meters
on
it.
2)
v.
打字
Will
you
please
type
this
letter
for
me?
3.
disagree
(vi)
常与with连用
(食物,
天气等)
不适合
Mutton
disagrees
with
me.
不同意;
意见不同
I
disagree
with
you
about
this.
不一致;
不符
His
report
disagrees
with
the
fact.
4.
personally
adv.
就自己而言;
就我个人来说
She
didn’t
like
the
plan,
but
personally
I
see
nothing
wrong
with
it.
person
(n)
--personal
(adj.)
--personally
(adv.)
5.
in
a/one
way
在某种程度上,
从某种意义上说
In
a
way,
his
English
has
improved.
与in
a
way同义的词组有in
one
way
和in
some
ways。
容易与之混淆的词组是in
the
way意为“造成阻碍”，请比较：
In
a
way,
I
like
this
new
textbook
very
much．
I’m
afraid
your
bike
is
in
the
way．
So
you
made
it
after
all!
After
all,
what
does
it
matter?
6.
after
all
毕竟;
到底;
终究
She
should
have
offered
to
pay
—
she’s
a
millionaire,
after
all．
7.
with
the
help
of
在……的帮助下
With
the
help
of
the
teacher,
I
have
made
rapid
progress
in
my
English
study.
8.
watch
over
看守;
监视;
照看
They
were
watched
over
by
three
policemen.
watch
out
(for)
当心;
注意under
the
close
watch
在严密的监视下
watch
for
sb./sth.
观察等待
keep
a
watch
on
监视
Speaking
In
small
groups,
discuss
how
to
design
your
own
android.
The
following
questions
can
help
you.
1.
What
would
you
like
it
to
look
like?
2.
What
are
some
of
the
things
you
would
like
it
to
do?
3.
Do
you
want
it
to
be
like
a
man
or
a
woman,
or
neither?
4.
How
much
would
it
cost?
I
think
that…
In
my
opinion…
I
believe
that…
What’
s
your
reason?
I
had
decided
that…
A:
What
kind
of
robot
have
you
decided
to
make?
B:
I've
decided
that
we
should
have
a
homework
android.
It
could
do
all
our
work
after
class
and
leave
us
more
time
to
do
football．
Sample
dialogue:
B:
In
my
opinion,
it
should
have
four
arms
to
carry
the
books,
a
large
head
to
remember
all
the
lessons
and
a
printer
to
write
out
the
answers．
What
do
you
think?
A:
OK.
But
what
do
you
think
it
should
look
like?
A:
Well,
that
sounds
sensible.
Perhaps
it
could
also
put
all
the
exercises
into
specially
marked
boxes
for
each
subject
so
we
could
find
them
quickly.
What
about
putting
that
in
its
stomach
area?
B:
Do
you
want
it
to
be
a
man
or
a
woman?
You
can
choose．
A:
I've
decided
it
should
be
a
girl．
B:
What's
your
reason?
A:
Girls
are
so
hard-working．
B:
Sounds
good
to
me!
Let's
draw
it
now!
Speaking
&
Writing
Sharing
What
is
a
computer?
A
programmable
machine.
The
two
principal
characteristics
of
a
computer
are:
It
responds
to
a
specific
set
of
instructions
in
a
well-defined
manner.
It
can
execute
a
prerecorded
list
of
instructions
(a
program).
Modern
computers
are
electronic
and
digital.
The
actual
machinery
--
wires,
transistors,
and
circuits
--
is
called
hardware;
the
instructions
and
data
are
called
software.
All
general-purpose
computers
require
the
following
hardware
components:
memory
:
Enables
a
computer
to
store,
at
least
temporarily,
data
and
programs.
mass
storage
device
:
Allows
a
computer
to
permanently
retain
large
amounts
of
data.
Common
mass
storage
devices
include
disk
drives
and
tape
drives.
input
device
:
Usually
a
keyboard
and
mouse,
the
input
device
is
the
conduit
through
which
data
and
instructions
enter
a
computer.
output
device
:
A
display
screen,
printer,
or
other
device
that
lets
you
see
what
the
computer
has
accomplished.
central
processing
unit
(CPU):
The
heart
of
the
computer,
this
is
the
component
that
actually
executes
instructions.
In
addition
to
these
components,
many
others
make
it
possible
for
the
basic
components
to
work
together
efficiently.
For
example,
every
computer
requires
a
bus
that
transmits
data
from
one
part
of
the
computer
to
another.
Computers
can
be
generally
classified
by
size
and
power
as
follows,
though
there
is
considerable
overlap:
personal
computer
:
A
small,
single-user
computer
based
on
a
microprocessor.
In
addition
to
the
microprocessor,
a
personal
computer
has
a
keyboard
for
entering
data,
a
monitor
for
displaying
information,
and
a
storage
device
for
saving
data.
workstation
:
A
powerful,
single-user
computer.
A
workstation
is
like
a
personal
computer,
but
it
has
a
more
powerful
microprocessor
and
a
higher-quality
monitor.
minicomputer
:
A
multi-user
computer
capable
of
supporting
from
10
to
hundreds
of
users
simultaneously.
mainframe
:
A
powerful
multi-user
computer
capable
of
supporting
many
hundreds
or
thousands
of
users
simultaneously.
supercomputer
:
An
extremely
fast
computer
that
can
perform
hundreds
of
millions
of
instructions
per
second.
什么是计算机？
一个可编制程序的机器。计算机的二种主要特性是:
它响应一个具体的指令为一个明确定义的方式.
现代计算机是电子和数字化的。
现有机器
--
电线，晶体管和电路
--
被称为硬件；
指令和数据被称为软件。
所有通用计算机要求以下硬件元件:
物理内存：使计算机,
至少临时地,
存放数据和节目。
一个可编制程序的机器。计算机的二种大容
量存储器设备:
允许计算机永久地保存很多数据。大容量存储器设备普遍包括驱动器和磁盘驱动器。
输入设备:
通常是键盘鼠标,
输入设备是数据和指令进入计算机的途径。
输出设备:
显示器、打印机,
或其他可以让您看到计算机完成了什么的设备。中央处理单元(CPU):
计算机的心脏部分，是实际上执行指令的部件。
除了这些部件,使得许多其他的基本部件一起
实现高效率地工作成为可能。
例如,要求一个巴士传送一个计算机上的一部分数据到另外的巴士上去.
电脑根据体积和重量大致分类如下,虽然有有可能的交叉：
个人计算机（PC机）:
一个小的、单用户的电脑微处理器.除微处理器之外,
一台个人计算机有一个键盘用来输入数据,
一个显示器用来显示信息,
还有存贮设备用来保存数据。
工作站:一个强大的、单用户计算机.就是一
台个人计算机,但它有个更强大的微处理器和更优质的显示器。
·小型机:多用户电脑，可支持10到上百用户同步.
·主机:一个强大的多用户电脑，可支持多用户或成百上千的用户同步.
·大型机:一个非常快的计算机，能每秒响应亿万个指令.
Discuss
together
and
then
decide
which
kind
of
computer
you
would
like
to
buy
for
your
school.
Discussion
A:
Look
at
this
computer.
It
has
been
given
a
smaller
monitor.
B:
That’s
good
because
we
can
then
have
more
computers
in
the
school.
Does
it
have
the
Internet
as
well?
Sample
dialogue:
A:
You
can
have
it
fitted
but
it
is
not
included
in
the
price.
Now
look
at
this
one.
Both
a
small
monitor
and
a
flat
screen
have
been
included.
It
can
be
joined
to
the
Internet
straight
away
and
it
has
been
given
a
large
hard
disc
capacity.
That’s
good
of
course.
B:
Do
you
think
we
should
buy
laptop
computers
for
our
school?
They
are
more
useful
because
they
can
be
moved
from
room
to
room.
The
school
would
not
need
to
provide
a
special
room
for
computers.
They
are
also
smaller
and
can
be
stored
away
more
easily.
But
they
have
proved
to
be
much
more
expensive
than
a
personal
computer.
A:
Yes,
that
is
why
the
principal
told
me
we
could
not
buy
them.
He
would
not
be
able
to
afford
enough
for
the
school
so
we
had
better
look
at
the
personal
computers.
This
one
is
very
fast
and
uses
discs
which
can
store
more
information.
Also
it
is
neither
too
large
nor
too
expensive.
Let’s
see
what
it’s
made
of.
Why
it’s
perfect!
It’s
made
from
recycled
materials
so
our
headmaster
will
be
very
pleased.
He
will
have
killed
two
birds
with
one
stone!
The
school
will
have
new
computers
and
have
saved
the
earth’s
materials
as
well.
B:
Let’s
choose
this
one,
OK?
A:
I
think
it
is
a
good
decision.
Write
a
report
to
your
school
to
give
your
view
out.
Writing
We
looked
at
many
different
computers.
The
one
we
have
chosen
is
the
PEP
personal
computer.
One
of
the
main
reasons
is
that
it
is
suitable
for
schools.
We
found
that
it
has
been
built
with
a
smaller
monitor
and
a
flat
screen.
We
think
these
things
will
save
space
so
that
the
school
can
find
room
for
more
computers.
Example
This
computer
also
has
been
fitted
with
an
improved
disc.
The
students
will
be
able
to
put
more
information
on
one
disc.
This
computer
is
also
good
because
it
has
been
made
from
recycled
materials.
Both
my
partner
and
I
suggest
the
school
should
buy
this
computer.
谢谢
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Discovering
useful
words
and
expressions
complete
change
in
ways
of
thinking,
working,
etc
connected
computer
system
to
make
things
easier
to
find
the
answer
using
numbers
can
be
moved
easily
from
place
to
place
revolution
network
simplity
caculate
mobile
complete
explore
web
technology
artificial
application
intelligent
logicall
reality
Discovering
useful
structures
A
new
PC
has
been
bought.
My
computer
has
been
repaired
quickly.
My
computer
has
been
attacked.
The
problem
has
not
been
solved
yet.
The
company’s
computers
have
been
given
away.
A
kind
of
intelligent
robot
has
been
developed.
现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,
到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响,
其构成是:
have/has
been
+
done。
The
dirty
clothes
have
been
washed.
脏衣服都已经洗了。
The
plan
has
been
studied
by
the
experts
for
three
times.
这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。
现在完成时被动态：
have
/
has?
+
been
+
动词过去分词
现在完成进行时：
have
/
has
+
been
+
动词现在分词
现在完成时被动态与现在完成进行时的比较：
它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上,
被动态接的是过去分词形式,
现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式。
The
Temple
of
Zhang
Fei
has
been
rebuilt.
张飞庙已经过重建。
1.
主语是行为动作的承受者。
The
door
has
been
locked.
门已经被锁上了。
（我或别人现在进不去）
2.
说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。
He
has
been
told
about
it
for
many
times.
有人告诉他这事很多次了。
（可能还会有人告诉他）
3.
动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去。
We’ll
start
as
soon
as
the
work
has
been
finished.
工作一完成我们就立即动身。
4.
用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作。
often,
usually,
always,
never,
hardly,
seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。
[误]
Such
a
man
has
been
hardly
believed.
[正]
Such
a
man
has
hardly
been
believed.
注意：
1.
副词的位置
happen,
take
place,
break
out,
belong
to,
cost,
last等不及物动词或词组无被动
语态。
[误]
Great
changes
have
been
taken
place
in
China
since
1978.
[正]
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
China
since
1978.
2.
并不是所有动词都有被动语态
2)
open,
break,
drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。
[误]
The
door
has
been
opened
of
itself.
[正]
The
door
has
opened
of
itself.
The
SARS
patients
have
been
taken
good
care
of.
3.
短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词
如borrow,
finish,
begin,
buy,
start,
return,
marry,
open,
join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，
则需改换动词或时态。
4.
一些特殊动词
My
brother
has
had(不能用has
bought)
this
bike
for
almost
four
years.
How
long
has
this
book
been
bought?
How
long
ago
was
this
book
bought?
1.
----
How
long
____
at
this
job?
----
Since
1990.
A.
were
you
employed
B.
have
you
been
employed
C.
had
you
been
employed
D.
will
you
be
employed
2.?When
and
where
to
go
for
the
on-salary
holiday
____
yet.
A.
are
not
decided
B.
have
not
been
decided
C.
is
not
being
decided
D.
has
not
been
decided
3.
–Hi,
Tom,
you
look
tired.
?
--
Of
course.
I
___
the
living
room
all
day.
A.
had
painted
B.
painted
?
C.
have
been
painted
D.
have
been
painting
4.
Millions
of
pounds’
worth
of
damage___
by
a
storm
which
swept
across
the
north
of
England
last
night.
A.
has
been
caused
B.
had
been
caused
C.
will
be
caused
D.
will
have
been
cause
5.
Have
you
ever___
to
the
exhibition
which
___for
three
weeks?
A.
gone;
has
been
shown
B.
visited;
shown
C.
been;
has
been
on
show
D.
went;
lasted
been
bought
have
改错。
built
has
just
谢谢
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Teaching
aims
and
demands:
This
unit
is
concerned
with
teaching
students
a
little
more
of
the
history
and
development
of
computers
and
their
applications.
Help
students
to
express
their
own
opinions
in
English.
Teach
them
how
to
make
decisions
and
reasoning.
Learn
to
introduce
something
in
time
sequence.
Teach
them
how
to
use
some
of
the
words
and
expressions
in
the
unit.
Learn
to
use
The
Present
Perfect
Passive
Voice.
Warming
up
Look
at
the
pictures.
Talk
about
each
of
them.
Discuss
what
they
have
in
common
by
using
the
following
expression
in
your
discussion.
I
think
that
…
In
my
opinion…
I
believe
that…
Why
do
you
think
so?
What’s
your
reason?
abacus
huge
computer
calculator
personal
computer
notebook
computer
Pre-reading
What
do
you
know
about
computers?
2.
How
have
computers
changed
our
lives?
Thinking
An
abacus
is
an
old
calculating
machine
used
in
China
until
now.
A
huge
computer
is
built
to
solve
some
mathematical
problems.
But
it
is
too
big.
A
calculator
is
a
new
calculating
machine
which
can
solve
a
large
number
of
mathematical
problems.
A
PC
is
a
personal
computer
which
can
solve
all
kinds
of
problems
and
is
widely
used
now.
A
notebook
computer
is
a
kind
of
useful
computer
which
can
be
taken
conveniently
like
a
notebook.
How
was
so
much
information
given
in
such
a
short
space?
What
do
you
think
is
the
tone
of
the
writing?
Discussion
How
was
so
much
information
given
in
such
a
short
space?
The
writing
is
clear
and
does
not
waste
words.
There
are
no
descriptions.
It
just
gives
us
facts.
It
uses
names
but
it
only
tells
us
about
people’s
work
with
computers.
It
is
written
in
the
first
person
but
it
keeps
with
the
facts.
It
is
written
as
if
the
writer
was
a
computer
with
no
feelings.
Suggested
answer:
2.
What
do
you
think
is
the
tone
of
the
writing?
It
is
natural
and
makes
me
want
to
find
out
more.
I
do
not
think
the
writing
is
trying
to
persuade
me
to
believe
something
but
it
does
make
me
interested
in
the
topic.
Fast
reading
1
What
happened
to
you
in
1822?
2
Where
were
you
in
1642?
3
What
were
you
called
in
1936?
4
What
happened
to
you
in
the
1970s?
In
France.
I
was
built
as
an
Analytical
Machine
by
Babbage.
A
universal
machine.
I
was
brought
into
people’s
homes.
True
or
False?
In
1642
I
began
as
a
calculating
machine
and
could
solve
any
mathematical
problem.
My
real
father
was
Charles
Babbage,
who
wrote
a
book
and
build
me
in
1936.
After
I
got
my
new
transistors
in
the
1960s,
I
became
smaller
but
cleverer
and
quicker.
I
was
brought
into
people’s
homes
in
the
1970s.
Since
my
birth
I
have
been
built
to
take
the
place
of
human
race.
F
F
T
T
F
calculating
Alan
Turing
serve
Task
1:Look
at
the
timeline
below.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
information
from
the
reading
text.
1642:
The
computer
began
as
a
calculating
machine.
1822:
The
Analytical
Machine
was
made
by
Charles
Babbage.
1936:
The
computer
grew
rapidly
both
in
size
and
in
brainpower.
1940s:
The
computer
had
grown
as
large
as
a
room.
1970s:
Computers
connect
people
all
over
the
world
together.
Now:
Computers
were
used
in
offices
and
homes
.
Careful-
reading
1960s:
The
first
family
of
computers
was
connected
to
each
other.
Conclusion
of
the
text
1.What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
2.
How
did
computers
develop?
The
main
idea
of
the
text
is
the
history
and
development
of
computers.
Calculating
machine
Analytical
machine
Universal
machine
Artificial
intelligence
Computer
Internet
Should
high
school
students
surf
the
internet?
I
think
high
school
students
should
surf
the
internet
because…(first,
secondly,
thirdly)
I
think
high
school
students
should
not
surf
the
internet
because…(first,
secondly,
thirdly…)
Discussion
Conclusion
There
is
no
doubt
that
computer
has
two
sides,
too.
If
we
make
good
use
of
it,
it
will
make
our
lives
more
colourful
and
convenient.
But
don’t
lose
yourself
in
playing
computers.
Just
remember:
Keep
fit,
study
well
and
work
hard.
Comprehending
Who
is
the
speaker
in
this
story?
2.
Write
down
three
sentences
from
the
story
to
support
your
idea.
A
computer.
·
Then
in
1822
I
was
built
as
an
Analytical
machine
by
Charles
Babbage.
·
My
real
father
was
Alan
Turing,
…
·
However,
people
thought
I
was
simple-minded
until
they
discovered
I
had
“artifical
intelligence.”
1642:
____________________________
____________:
The
Analytical
Machine
was
made
by
Charles
Babbage.
1936:
_______________________________
___________________________
The
computer
began
as
a
calculating
machine1822.
Alan
Turing
wrote
a
book
to
describe
how
computer
could
be
made.
Timeline
1960s:_______________________________
_____________________
_______:
The
first
family
of
computers
was
connected
to
each
other.
1970s:
_____________________________
_______________
Now:__________________________________________________
Computers
had
new
transistors
and
become
smaller.
1960s
Computers
were
brought
into
people’s
homes.
Computers
connect
people
all
over
the
world
together.
Timeline
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
有大把高质量资料？一线教师？一线教研员？
欢迎加入21世纪教育网教师合作团队！！月薪过万不是梦！！
详情请看：
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