(共46张PPT)
U2
I'll
help
to
clean
up
the
city
parks.知识点讲解
人教版八年级下册
could
情态动词，can的过去式,本句中并不是can
的过去式而是表示委婉、客气的语气
一般疑问句的肯定回答用
Sure./Certainly./All
right.
一般疑问句的否定回答用
Sorry./Sorry,I
can't.
-Could
I
try
on
this
sweater
in
the
window?
-Sorry,you
can't.It
is
just
on
show.
clean
up
打扫干净(v.+adv.)
名词做宾语时，可放在副词前或后
clean+n.+up/clean
up+n.
代词做宾语时，只能放两者之间
clean+pron.+up
eg:The
classroom
is
dirty.Please
clean
it
up.
eg:You
must
give
your
room
a
good
clean-up(n.)扫除
.
cheer
/
t???
/,
/
t??r
/
v.欢呼；喝彩
cheer
常见搭配cheer
up（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来；cheer
up
既可作及物短语动词，也可作不及物短语动词。同其他动副短语一样，代词作宾语时应放中间。
eg:
Cheer
up!
The
news
isn’t
too
bad.
振作起来！这消息不是太坏。
cheer
作可数名词，意为“欢呼声；喝彩声”。
常用口语：Cheers!
干杯！
eg:
We
can
hear
the
cheers
of
students
outside
the
gym.
我们在体育场外就能听到学生的欢呼声。
give
out分发；散发
give
out作“分发”讲时与hand
out同义。其后接代词作宾语时，放在两词中间。
eg:
Here
are
some
new
papers.
Give
them
out.
这儿有些新试卷，把它们发下去吧。
—Would
you
please
help
me
give
out
the
invitations
to
all
my
friends?
—Sure.
You'd
better
let
me
know
their
phone
numbers.
give
out
意为“发出（光、热等）”时，与give
off
同义。
eg:
The
flowers
in
my
garden
give
out/off
a
sweet
smell.
我花园里的花散发出芬芳的味道。
come
up
with
put
off
put
up
hand
out
call
up
come
up
with
put
off
put
up
hand
out
call
up
notice
(n.)
公告；通告；布告（可数名词）
eg:
There
are
some
notices
on
the
wall.
notice
(v.)
注意到；觉察到
notice
sb.
do
sth.注意到某人做了某事，强调动作已完成
eg:
I
noticed
him
leave
the
school.
notice
sb.
doing
sth.注意到某人正在做某事，动作正在进行
eg:
I
notice
Peter
entering
his
office.
be
noticed
to
do
sth.被注意到做了某事（被动语态）
eg:
She
was
noticed
to
hit
the
car.
notice
sth.
done.注意到某事被做
eg:
I
noticed
the
glass
broken.
notice+that
从句
I
noticed
that
he
left
the
room.
come
up
with
put
off
put
up
hand
out
call
up
come
up
with想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）
come
up
with后常跟idea，
plan，
answer等名词，相当于think
of。
eg:
Who
can
come
up
with
another
idea?
谁能再想出一个主意？
come
up
with
还意为“追赶上；比得上”，
相当于catch
up
with。
eg:
We
have
to
work
hard
to
come
up
with
them.
我们必须努力工作，赶上他们。
come
up
with
put
off
put
up
hand
out
call
up
help
out
帮助解决困难，动副短语，代词放中间，名词放两边
eg:
He
helped
me
out
when
I
was
ill.
He
gave
away
plenty
of
money
to
the
people
in
the
earthquake
area
to
help
them
out.
come
up
with
put
off
put
up
hand
out
call
up
lonely/
'l??nli
/
adj.孤独的；寂寞的
eg:
He
lives
alone
but
he
doesn’t
feel
lonely.
他独自生活，但并不感到孤独。
lonely
形容词
孤独的；寂寞的
强调主观感情，心灵上的孤独，具有伤感色彩
alone
形容词
单独的；独自的
?强调客观情况，数量上就一个。
副词
单独；独自
come
up
with
put
off
put
up
hand
out
call
up
care
for意为“关心，在乎”，
相当于care
about。
eg:
We
must
care
for
each
other
and
help
each
other.
My
parents
care
about
my
health.
care
for还可意为“喜欢”，多用于疑问句和否定句，
其同义短语为be
fond
of。
eg:
They
do
not
much
care
for
art.
(2)
care
for可意为“照料；照顾”，与take
care
of
同义。
eg:
The
mother
cared
for
the
sick
child
day
and
night.
several
(adj.)几个的
;数个的
(pron.)几个;数个;一些
eg:
She
can
speak
several
languages.(adj.)
Several
of
us
decided
to
walk
home.(pron.)
修饰可数或不可数名词的词(组)
修饰可数名词复数的词(组)
several,many,few,a
few,
a
number
of,
quite
a
few等
修饰不可数名词的词(组)
much,little,a
little,
quite
a
little等
均可修饰
some,
any,
a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of等
each和every是一对近义词，但各自的侧重点不同。
1)
从语义上看，两者都可表示
“每个”，
“一切的”。很多时候，两词可以互换使用，但意思略有差别：
each强调个性，着眼于整体中的个体。
Each
man
has
his
own
name.
Each
time
you
practice,
you
get
better
at
playing
tennis.
every强调共性，着眼于整体。
I
get
sick
every
time
I
eat
seafood.
Every
one
of
you
must
attend
the
meeting.
2)
从语法上看，each可用作形容词和代词，
而every只用作形容词：
He
gave
two
apples
to
each
(person).
Each
(school)
has
its
own
library.
We
have
every
reason
to
believe
that
the
operation
will
be
a
success.
every和each用于主语时，谓语均要求单数匹配:
Each
student
was
asked
the
same
question.
Every
child
was
dressed
in
a
costume.
3)
两种不可使用each的情况：
切勿将each和almost,
nearly及not搭配使用，应用every:
Almost
every
cake
was
sold.
Not
every
student
went
on
holiday.
切勿在否定结构中使用each,
应用none:
None
of
the
books
are
mine.
I
get
such
a
strong
feeling
of
satisfaction
when
I
see
the
animals
get
better
and
the
look
of
joy
on
their
owners’
faces.
第一个get的意思是“产生；形成”，为及物动词，常与feeling，idea等词搭配使用。例如：
Do
you
get
the
feeling
that
we’re
not
welcome
here?
第二个get是系动词，后接形容词，表示体质、情绪、天气
等方面的改变，通常译作“变得；成为”。例如：
He
got
angry
with
me
after
that.
owner/
'??n?(r)
/
n.物主；主人
the
owner
of...……的主人
eg:
He
is
the
owner
of
the
shop.
owner的动词是：own拥有；own还可作形容词或代词。
常构成短语：
…of
one’s
own=one’s
own…
某人自己的……；
on
one’s
own=by
oneself
独自
eg:
I’d
love
to
have
my
own
room.
=I’d
love
to
have
a
room
of
my
own.
I
finished
it
on
my
own.
=
I
finished
it
by
myself.
decide
to
do
sth.决定去做某事=make
a
decision
to
do
sth.
,
否定式decide
not
to
do
sth.
只能接不定式结构，不能接doing
句中try
out
是一个短语动词，意为“报名参加选拔；申请参选（某项活动）为其中一员”。例如：
Why
did
you
decide
to
try
out
for
the
Olympics?
try
out
试验;尝试(V.+adv.)
Can
I
try
out
your
new
bicycle?
Volunteering
here动名词短语做主语谓语动词用第三人称单数。
这种结构通常可以换成“It
is
+adj./n.+to
do
sth.”或不定式短语做主语
eg:Reading
English
novels
is
really
funny.
=It
is
really
funny
to
read
English
novels.
Doing
eye
exercises
is
one
of
the
useful
ways
to
protect
our
eyes.
at
the
same
time
同时；然而
at
any
time
在任何时候
eg:They
both
got
to
school
at
the
same
time
this
morning.
The
girl
isn't
good
at
singing,
but
at
the
same
time
she
is
very
interested
in
music.
You
can
ask
me
for
help
at
any
time.
（一）动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是to
do
(to
有时可省略)，其否定形式为not
(to)do；动词不定式无人称变化，在句中不能作谓语。
动词不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
不定式作宾语
to
do不定式可表“将来”或“来做”的含义。常见的后接不定式作宾语的动词有：need,
like,
want,
wish,
hope,
decide,
expect等。
eg:
would
like
to
do
sth.想要做某事（来做）
plan
to
do
sth.计划做某事（计划将来）
不定式作宾补
有的动词后加不定式作宾补，构成“v.＋sb./sth.
to
do”结构，此类动词中常见的有：ask,
tell,
would
like,
want,
expect(期待),
wish,
allow(允许),
encourage(鼓励)等。
不定式作状语
不定式作状语表目的、结果，或用在某些表示人的心情类的形容词后表原因。
动词不定式和特殊疑问词连用
不带to的不定式
两类动词后作宾补的不定式不带to：
(1)
感官动词：see,
hear,
watch,
feel,
notice
等
(2)
使役动词：let,
make,
have
等
①
help
带不带to
均可以。②此类动词后用不带
to的不定式作宾补，当变被动时，必须还原to。
eg:
William
is
often
seen
to
play
Chinese
kung
fu
in
the
park.
（二）短语动词
短语动词是一种固定词组，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于一个动词。
动词＋副词
此类短语动词有的可用作不及物动词，如get
up
(起床)
,
start
off
(动身)
,
come
back
(回来)等；有的可用作及物动词，如cheer
up
(振奋起来)
,
clean
up
(打扫干净)
,
set
up
(建立)
,
put
up
(搭建，张贴)
,
cut
up
(切碎)
等。
动词＋介词
这种结构的短语动词在句中作谓语时，后面必须接宾语。常见的有：look
for（寻找），stand
for（代表），wait
for（等待），pay
for（付费），send
for（派人去请）等。
动词＋副词＋介词
这种短语动词相当于及物动词，介词后面需跟宾语。常见的有：add
up
to（总共是），catch
up
with（赶上），look
down
upon（瞧不起），
run
out
of（耗尽，用光）等。
动词＋名词＋介词
这种短语动词相当于及物动词，后面需接宾语，
有时名词前可以加形容词修饰。常见的有：make
fun
of（取笑），make
use
of（利用），pay
attention
to（注意），
take
care
of（照顾）等。这类短语动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。
put
off
（v.+adv.）推迟;延迟，可与名、代、宾语从句、或动名词连用，接代词时代词放中间,
但不能接不定式
eg:
Don't
put
off
until
tomorrow
what
can
be
done
today.
今日事今日毕
be
busy
with
sth.忙于某事=be
busy
doing
sth.
(不可用be
busy
to
do
sth.)
He
is
busy
with
his
homework.
He
is
busy
doing
his
homework.
be
worried
about=worry
about担心；为......感到忧虑
She
is
worried
about
your
health.
Don't
worry
about
my
future.
raise(及物动词)募集;征集
raise
money
for
为......筹款
They
want
to
raise
money
for
the
homeless
people.
raise(及物动词)举起；提升；抚养；培养
Raise
your
hand
to
get
permission
to
speak.
The
poor
parents
raised
her
as
an
engineer.
take
after
(外貌或行为)像
To
my
surprise,
Jim
doesn't
take
after
his
father
at
all.
He
takes
after
his
father
in
music
ability.
look
like
看起来像(多指外貌)
be
similar
to
与......相似(长相、外貌、观点等)
She
looks
like
her
mother.
Your
views
on
education
are
similar
to
mine.
fix
up
(v.+adv.)修理
The
car
is
broken.
Let's
fix
it
up
.
repair
(v.)修理;修补
repair
/
fix
(v.)
(~a
machine/watch)
都表示使受到一定损坏或失灵的东西恢复其性能或机能，其对象广泛，从道路、机器到日常用品。
mend(v.)
(mend
the
window)
修补破损的东西，一般指较小的物品
set
up建立；设立(组织/机构/团体)
They
set
up
an
organization
to
help
the
poor
build
houses.
他们设立了一个组织来帮助穷人建造房子。
set
up
意为“建立，设立，开办”，后常接某一组织、机构、团体等。
build
意为“建造，修建”，后常接建筑物、机械等。
make
it
possible
使......成为可能
it
形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语，类似还有think，find等
We
will
make
it
easier
to
solve
the
problem
in
this
way.
I
found
it
very
difficult
to
learn
a
foreign
language
well.
make
it
成功、做到、按时到达
make
a
difference
to…
对……有影响
make
a
difference
to…其中to
是介词，其后可接名词、代词或v.-ing
形式作宾语。difference前还可用no,
any,
some,
much
等修饰。
eg:
Shared
bikes
have
made
a
big
difference
to
our
life.
共享单车对我们的生活有着重大影响。
The
rain
made
no
difference
to
the
game.
这场雨对比赛没有产生任何影响。
imagine
想象;设想
+n./pron./v-ing/宾语从句做宾语
（1）+that
/what引导的宾语从句
I
can't
imagine
what
will
happen
next.
（2）imagine
doing
sth.
I
can't
imagine
living
in
such
a
place.
（3）imagine
sb.
to
do
sth.
Just
imagine
yourself
to
be
alone
on
the
desert
island.
Don't
forget
to
bring
me
that
book
next
time
you
come.
Take
an
umbrella
with
you,
it's
going
to
rain.
Could
you
please
fetch/get
that
book
for
me?
The
box
is
too
heavy
for
me
to
carry.
bring
指从别处把某人或某物带到说话人所在的地点，动作由远及近。
take
指从说话者所在地把某人或某物带走，动作由近及远。
fetch/get
指从说话者所在地到某处，然后从某处把某物带回到说话者所在地，动作是先去后回。
carry
不特别表示带到什么地方，而携带或搬运的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。
difficulty/
'd?f?k?lt?
/
n.困难；难题
强调具体的“困难”时，为可数名词；
指笼统的“困难；艰难”时，为不可数名词。
eg:
There
are
lots
of
children
with
reading
difficulties.
有很多存在阅读困难的儿童。
have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.
=
have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事有困难；in
difficulty/difficulties
处境困难
eg:
—Do
you
have
any
difficulty
in
learning
English?
你学英语有困难吗？
—No.
I
had
no
difficulty
in
learning
English.
没有。我学英语没有困难。
excited
/
?k'sa?t?d
/
adj.激动的；兴奋的
be
excited
about对……感到兴奋
be
excited
to
do...很兴奋做……
I’m
excited
about
the
exciting
football
match..
show(v.)出示；显示
show
sb.
sth./show
sth.
to
sb.
show
sb.+疑问词+不定式
“给某人示范”
Please
show
me
how
to
do
it.
show
sb.
around带领某人参观
He
showed
the
students
around
the
factory.
show
sb.the
way
to告知某人去...路
Would
you
please
show
me
the
way
to
the
library?
work
out
产生良好的效果;成功
Things
worked
out
well
for
Jenny
in
the
end.
If
the
traffic
plan
works
out,
it
will
be
used
in
other
cities,
too.
work
out
算出来
I'm
trying
to
work
out
the
answer.
谢谢
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人教版（Go
for
it）八下U2
I'll
help
to
clean
up
the
city
parks.知识点梳理
P9
主题图
could
could
情态动词，can的过去式,本句中并不是can
的过去式而是表示委婉、客气的语气一般疑问句的肯定回答用
Sure./Certainly./All
right.一般疑问句的否定回答用
Sorry./Sorry,I
can't.-Could
I
try
on
this
sweater
in
the
window?-Sorry,you
can't.It
is
just
on
show.
clean
up
clean
up
打扫干净(v.+adv.)名词做宾语时，可放在副词前或后clean+n.+up/clean
up+n.代词做宾语时，只能放两者之间clean+pron.+upeg:The
classroom
is
dirty.Please
clean
it
up.eg:You
must
give
your
room
a
good
clean-up(n.)扫除
P9
1b
cheer
cheer
/
t???
/,
/
t??r
/
v.欢呼；喝彩cheer
常见搭配cheer
up（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来；cheer
up
既可作及物短语动词，也可作不及物短语动词。同其他动副短语一样，代词作宾语时应放中间。eg:
Cheer
up!
The
news
isn’t
too
bad.振作起来！这消息不是太坏。cheer
作可数名词，意为“欢呼声；喝彩声”。常用口语：Cheers!
干杯！eg:
We
can
hear
the
cheers
of
students
outside
the
gym.
我们在体育场外就能听到学生的欢呼声。
give
out
give
out分发；散发give
out作“分发”讲时与hand
out同义。其后接代词作宾语时，放在两词中间。eg:
Here
are
some
new
papers.
Give
them
out.
这儿有些新试卷，把它们发下去吧。—Would
you
please
help
me
give
out
the
invitations
to
all
my
friends?—Sure.
You'd
better
let
me
know
their
phone
numbers.
give
out
意为“发出（光、热等）”时，与give
off
同义。eg:
The
flowers
in
my
garden
give
out/off
a
sweet
smell.
我花园里的花散发出芬芳的味道。
P10
2b
notice
notice
(n.)
公告；通告；布告（可数名词）eg:
There
are
some
notices
on
the
wall.notice
(v.)
注意到；觉察到notice
sb.
do
sth.注意到某人做了某事，强调动作已完成eg:
I
noticed
him
leave
the
school.notice
sb.
doing
sth.注意到某人正在做某事，动作正在进行eg:
I
notice
Peter
entering
his
office.be
noticed
to
do
sth.被注意到做了某事（被动语态）eg:
She
was
noticed
to
hit
the
car.notice
sth.
done.注意到某事被做eg:
I
noticed
the
glass
broken.notice+that
从句
I
noticed
that
he
left
the
room.
P10
2c
come
up
with
come
up
with想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）come
up
with后常跟idea，
plan，
answer等名词，相当于think
of。eg:
Who
can
come
up
with
another
idea?谁能再想出一个主意？come
up
with
还意为“追赶上；比得上”，相当于catch
up
with。eg:
We
have
to
work
hard
to
come
up
with
them.
我们必须努力工作，赶上他们。
P10
2d
help
out
help
out
帮助解决困难，动副短语，代词放中间，名词放两边eg:
He
helped
me
out
when
I
was
ill.
He
gave
away
plenty
of
money
to
the
people
in
the
earthquake
area
to
help
them
out.
lonely/
'l??nli
/
adj.孤独的；寂寞的eg:
He
lives
alone
but
he
doesn’t
feel
lonely.
他独自生活，但并不感到孤独。
care
for
care
for意为“关心，在乎”，
相当于care
about。eg:
We
must
care
for
each
other
and
help
each
other.
My
parents
care
about
my
health.care
for还可意为“喜欢”，多用于疑问句和否定句，
其同义短语为be
fond
of。eg:
They
do
not
much
care
for
art.(2)
care
for可意为“照料；照顾”，与take
care
of
同义。eg:
The
mother
cared
for
the
sick
child
day
and
night.
P11
3a
several
several
(adj.)几个的
;数个的
(pron.)几个;数个;一些eg:
She
can
speak
several
languages.(adj.)
Several
of
us
decided
to
walk
home.(pron.)修饰可数或不可数名词的词(组)
each和every
each和every是一对近义词，但各自的侧重点不同。1)
从语义上看，两者都可表示
“每个”，
“一切的”。很多时候，两词可以互换使用，但意思略有差别：
each强调个性，着眼于整体中的个体。eg:Each
man
has
his
own
name.
eg:Each
time
you
practice,
you
get
better
at
playing
tennis.
every强调共性，着眼于整体。eg:I
get
sick
every
time
I
eat
seafood.
eg:Every
one
of
you
must
attend
the
meeting.2)
从语法上看，each可用作形容词和代词，
而every只用作形容词：eg:He
gave
two
apples
to
each
(person).eg:Each
(school)
has
its
own
library.eg:We
have
every
reason
to
believe
that
the
operation
will
be
a
success.every和each用于主语时，谓语均要求单数匹配:eg:Each
student
was
asked
the
same
question.eg:Every
child
was
dressed
in
a
costume.
3)
两种不可使用each的情况：切勿将each和almost,
nearly及not搭配使用，应用every:eg:Almost
every
cake
was
sold.
eg:Not
every
student
went
on
holiday.
切勿在否定结构中使用each,
应用none:eg:None
of
the
books
are
mine.
P11
3a
get
I
get
such
a
strong
feeling
of
satisfaction
when
I
see
the
animals
get
better
and
the
look
of
joy
on
their
owners’
faces.
第一个get的意思是“产生；形成”，为及物动词，常与feeling，idea等词搭配使用。例如：eg:Do
you
get
the
feeling
that
we’re
not
welcome
here?
第二个get是系动词，后接形容词，表示体质、情绪、天气等方面的改变，通常译作“变得；成为”。例如：eg:He
got
angry
with
me
after
that.
owner/
owner/
'??n?(r)
/
n.物主；主人the
owner
of...……的主人eg:
He
is
the
owner
of
the
shop.
owner的动词是：own拥有；own还可作形容词或代词。常构成短语：…of
one’s
own=one’s
own…
某人自己的……；on
one’s
own=by
oneself
独自eg:
I’d
love
to
have
my
own
room.=I’d
love
to
have
a
room
of
my
own.
I
finished
it
on
my
own.=
I
finished
it
by
myself.
decide
to
do
sth.
decide
to
do
sth.决定去做某事=make
a
decision
to
do
sth.
,
否定式decide
not
to
do
sth.
只能接不定式结构，不能接doing
try
out
句中try
out
是一个短语动词，意为“报名参加选拔；申请参选（某项活动）为其中一员”。例如：eg:Why
did
you
decide
to
try
out
for
the
Olympics?
try
out
试验;尝试(V.+adv.)eg:Can
I
try
out
your
new
bicycle?
动名词短语做主语
Volunteering
here动名词短语做主语谓语动词用第三人称单数。
这种结构通常可以换成“It
is
+adj./n.+to
do
sth.”或不定式短语做主语eg:Reading
English
novels
is
really
funny.=It
is
really
funny
to
read
English
novels.
P11
3a
at
the
same
time
at
the
same
time
同时；然而
at
any
time
在任何时候eg:They
both
got
to
school
at
the
same
time
this
morning.
The
girl
isn't
good
at
singing,
but
at
the
same
time
she
is
very
interested
in
music.
You
can
ask
me
for
help
at
any
time.
P12
语法
动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是to
do
(to
有时可省略)，其否定形式为not
(to)do；动词不定式无人称变化，在句中不能作谓语。动词不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。不定式作宾语to
do不定式可表“将来”或“来做”的含义。常见的后接不定式作宾语的动词有：need,
like,
want,
wish,
hope,
decide,
expect等。eg:
would
like
to
do
sth.想要做某事（来做）
plan
to
do
sth.计划做某事（计划将来）不定式作宾补有的动词后加不定式作宾补，构成“v.＋sb./sth.
to
do”结构，此类动词中常见的有：ask,
tell,
would
like,
want,
expect(期待),
wish,
allow(允许),
encourage(鼓励)等。不定式作状语不定式作状语表目的、结果，或用在某些表示人的心情类的形容词后表原因。动词不定式和特殊疑问词连用不带to的不定式两类动词后作宾补的不定式不带to：(1)
感官动词：see,
hear,
watch,
feel,
notice
等(2)
使役动词：let,
make,
have
等①
help
带不带to
均可以。②此类动词后用不带
to的不定式作宾补，当变被动时，必须还原to。eg:
William
is
often
seen
to
play
Chinese
kung
fu
in
the
park.
短语动词
短语动词是一种固定词组，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于一个动词。动词＋副词此类短语动词有的可用作不及物动词，如get
up
(起床)
,
start
off
(动身)
,
come
back
(回来)等；有的可用作及物动词，如cheer
up
(振奋起来)
,
clean
up
(打扫干净)
,
set
up
(建立)
,
put
up
(搭建，张贴)
,
cut
up
(切碎)
等。动词＋介词这种结构的短语动词在句中作谓语时，后面必须接宾语。常见的有：look
for（寻找），stand
for（代表），wait
for（等待），pay
for（付费），send
for（派人去请）等。动词＋副词＋介词这种短语动词相当于及物动词，介词后面需跟宾语。常见的有：add
up
to（总共是），catch
up
with（赶上），look
down
upon（瞧不起），
run
out
of（耗尽，用光）等。动词＋名词＋介词这种短语动词相当于及物动词，后面需接宾语，有时名词前可以加形容词修饰。常见的有：make
fun
of（取笑），make
use
of（利用），pay
attention
to（注意），take
care
of（照顾）等。这类短语动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。
P12
语法
put
off
put
off
（v.+adv.）推迟;延迟，可与名、代、宾语从句、或动名词连用，接代词时代词放中间,
但不能接不定式eg:
Don't
put
off
until
tomorrow
what
can
be
done
today.今日事今日毕
be
busy
with
sth.
be
busy
with
sth.忙于某事=be
busy
doing
sth.
(不可用be
busy
to
do
sth.)He
is
busy
with
his
homework.He
is
busy
doing
his
homework.
be
worried
about
be
worried
about=worry
about担心；为......感到忧虑eg:She
is
worried
about
your
health.eg:Don't
worry
about
my
future.
raise
money
for
raise(及物动词)募集;征集
raise
money
for
为......筹款eg:They
want
to
raise
money
for
the
homeless
people.raise(及物动词)举起；提升；抚养；培养eg:Raise
your
hand
to
get
permission
to
speak.The
poor
parents
raised
her
as
an
engineer.
P13
1a
take
after
take
after
(外貌或行为)像eg:To
my
surprise,
Jim
doesn't
take
after
his
father
at
all.He
takes
after
his
father
in
music
ability.look
like
看起来像(多指外貌)be
similar
to
与......相似(长相、外貌、观点等)eg:She
looks
like
her
mother.Your
views
on
education
are
similar
to
mine.
fix
up
repair
fix
up
(v.+adv.)修理eg:The
car
is
broken.
Let's
fix
it
up
.repair
(v.)修理;修补repair
/
fix
(v.)
(~a
machine/watch)都表示使受到一定损坏或失灵的东西恢复其性能或机能，其对象广泛，从道路、机器到日常用品。mend(v.)
(mend
the
window)修补破损的东西，一般指较小的物品
P14
2b
set
up
set
up建立；设立(组织/机构/团体)They
set
up
an
organization
to
help
the
poor
build
houses.
他们设立了一个组织来帮助穷人建造房子。
make
it
possible
make
it
possible
使......成为可能
it
形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语，类似还有think，find等eg:We
will
make
it
easier
to
solve
the
problem
in
this
way.eg:I
found
it
very
difficult
to
learn
a
foreign
language
well.make
it
成功、做到、按时到达
P14
2b
make
a
difference
to
make
a
difference
to…
对……有影响make
a
difference
to…其中to
是介词，其后可接名词、代词或v.-ing
形式作宾语。difference前还可用no,
any,
some,
much
等修饰。eg:
Shared
bikes
have
made
a
big
difference
to
our
life.
共享单车对我们的生活有着重大影响。
The
rain
made
no
difference
to
the
game.
这场雨对比赛没有产生任何影响。
imagine
imagine
想象;设想
+n./pron./v-ing/宾语从句做宾语（1）+that
/what引导的宾语从句eg:I
can't
imagine
what
will
happen
next.
（2）imagine
doing
sth.eg:I
can't
imagine
living
in
such
a
place.（3）imagine
sb.
to
do
sth.eg:Just
imagine
yourself
to
be
alone
on
the
desert
island.
carry
eg:
Don't
forget
to
bring
me
that
book
next
time
you
come.Take
an
umbrella
with
you,
it's
going
to
rain.Could
you
please
fetch/get
that
book
for
me?The
box
is
too
heavy
for
me
to
carry.
difficulty
difficulty/
'd?f?k?lt?
/
n.困难；难题强调具体的“困难”时，为可数名词；指笼统的“困难；艰难”时，为不可数名词。eg:
There
are
lots
of
children
with
reading
difficulties.
有很多存在阅读困难的儿童。have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.=
have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.做某事有困难in
difficulty/difficulties
处境困难eg:
—Do
you
have
any
difficulty
in
learning
English?
—No.
I
had
no
difficulty
in
learning
English.
excited
excited
/
?k'sa?t?d
/
adj.激动的；兴奋的be
excited
about对……感到兴奋be
excited
to
do...很兴奋做……eg:
I’m
excited
about
the
exciting
football
match.
show
show(v.)出示；显示
show
sb.
sth./show
sth.
to
sb.show
sb.+疑问词+不定式
“给某人示范”eg:
Please
show
me
how
to
do
it.show
sb.
around带领某人参观eg:
He
showed
the
students
around
the
factory.show
sb.the
way
to告知某人去...路eg:
Would
you
please
show
me
the
way
to
the
library?
P16
self
check
work
out
work
out
产生良好的效果;成功eg:Things
worked
out
well
for
Jenny
in
the
end.If
the
traffic
plan
works
out,
it
will
be
used
in
other
cities,
too.work
out
算出来eg:I'm
trying
to
work
out
the
answer.
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