中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版（Go
for
it）八下U3
Could
you
please
clean
your
room知识点梳理
P17
title
Could
you
please...?
Could
you
please...?
请你……好吗？句中could为情态动词，表示一种委婉的语气，礼貌地提出请求，意思为“请你……可以吗？”。句中的please使语气更加委婉，也可以省略。肯定回答常用语：Certainly./Of
course./With
pleasure./No
problem.否定回答常用语：Sorry,
I
can’t./Sorry,
I’m
afraid
I
can’t.eg:
—Could
you
please
give
me
a
piece
of
paper?
—Sure.
Here
you
are.
Could
you
please...?
句型的否定结构是在please后加not。eg:
Could
you
please
not
make
noises?请你不要制造噪音好吗？
P17
1a
take
out
take
out
“拿出，取出”take
...out
of
...“把......从......拿出”eg:
Take
out
the
rubbish
when
you
go
out.
sweep(v.)
扫，打扫-swept-swept
sweep(v.)
扫，打扫-swept-sweptsweep
away
扫走，刮走sweep
out
打扫干净sweep
up
打扫干净；收拾干净eg:
We
do
some
cleaning
to
sweep
away
bad
luck
before
Spring
Festival.
P18
2a
get
a
ride
get
a
ride
搭车，主语就是搭车人
eg:
Can
I
get
a
ride?
我能搭个车吗？give
sb.
a
ride
让某人搭车，主语是提供搭车方面的人eg:
He
often
gives
me
a
ride
to
the
library.
P18
2c
work
on
work
on从事，致力于.其中on为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。eg:
He
is
working
on
a
new
fiction.他正在写一本新的小说。
He
is
working
on
doing
scientific
research.他正致力于科学研究。(1)work
with
与……共事
(2)work
for
效劳；为……工作(3)work
out演算出；制定
(4)work
at
努力做；致力于(5)work
as从事……工作，as后接职业名词。eg:
He’s
working
at
losing
weight.
他正在努力减肥。
Her
son
is
working
as
a
math
teacher.
P18
2d
two
hours
two
hours
中hours
虽然为名词复数，但表示时间时视为一个整体，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。eg:
Three
years
is
a
short
time.
You
have
to
study
hard.
三年的时间很短，你必须努力学习。英语中表示距离、金额、度量等的词语作主语时，通常视作一个整体，谓语动词也要用单数。eg:
Twenty
miles
is
a
long
way
to
walk.20英里路走起来是很长的一段路程。
mess
mess
/mes/
n.杂乱；不整洁,常用可数名词单数形式，意为“杂乱；不整洁”eg:
“What
a
mess!”
she
said
after
the
party.聚会后她说：“真是一片狼藉！”in
a
mess
乱七八糟；make
a
mess弄脏；搞成一团糟eg:
He
found
his
room
in
a
mess.他发现自己的房间乱七八糟。eg:The
kids
made
a
mess
in
the
living
room.
孩子们把客厅搞得一塌糊涂。
P19
3a
throw
throw/θr??/-threw-thrown
v.投，
掷，抛，
扔。用作及物动词，throw
sb.
sth.=throw
sth.
to
sb.扔给某人某物。eg:
She
threw
me
a
towel.=She
threw
a
towel
to
me.throw
away/out
扔掉；丢弃
throw
to
投给……（不含有恶意）
throw
down
扔下
throw
at
向……扔（恶意，带攻击性
）eg:You
should
throw
away/out
those
old
newspapers.
He
threw
a
ball
to
the
dog.Someone
threw
a
stone
at
the
car.She
threw
down
her
bag
and
lay
on
the
sofa.
the
minute...
the
minute...一……就……the
minute
引导时间状语从句，相当于the
moment
或as
soon
as。句子时态遵从“主将从现”原则。eg:
We
will
leave
as
soon
as
it
stops
raining.雨一停，我们就离开。
=We
will
leave
the
minute/moment
it
stops
raining.
come
over
come
over
“过来”，“顺便来访”eg:
If
you
need
advice,
come
over
any
time.
Don't
forget
to
come
over
to
my
house
when
you
come
to
Beijing.
all
the
time
all
the
time
一直;总是(常位于句末和进行时连用)eg:They
are
singing
all
the
time.
Man's
understanding
of
nature
is
developing
all
the
time.It
never
stays
at
the
same
level.
as...as...
as...as...与......一样......not
as/so...as...A在某一方面不及Beg:She
is
as
beautiful
as
her
mother.
Unit
5
is
not
so
difficult
as
Unit
6.=Unit
6
is
more
difficult
than
Unit
5.as...as
possible/as...as
one
can尽可能地eg:
I
must
run
as
fast
as
possible/I
can.
neither/'na???(r)/
adv.也不表示前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用“Neither/Nor
＋
be/助动词/情态动词＋主语.”这种倒装结构。eg:
He
doesn’t
like
sports,
and
neither
do
I.
-Tom
can't
play
the
piano
at
all.
-Me
neither.=Neither
can
I.(注意Me
neither
不可以换成nor。)
表示前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用“So
＋
be/助动词/情态动词＋主语.”这种倒装结构，表示“另一人（物）也如此。”eg:
—Jim
can
play
the
guitar.吉姆会弹吉他。
—So
can
I.
我也会。so+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词.“正是那样;确实如此”表示肯定上面的观点。前、后主语是同一人或物。eg:Tom
speaks
Chinese
very
well.So
he
does.
You
think
she
is
from
China.So
she
is.
My
son
went
to
the
movie.
So
he
did.neither
也可用作限定词，意为“两者都不”，放在单数名词前，谓语动词用单数。eg:
Neither
student
is
from
Canada.两个学生都不是来自加拿大。neither
也可用作代词，常与of
连用，表示“两者都不”。也可单独用作宾语或主语。eg:
Neither
of
them
is/are
very
clever,
but
both
study
hard.
他们两个都不是很聪明，但学习都挺刻苦。用作连词neither...nor...
既不……也不……，连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。eg:
Neither
my
father
nor
I
am
interested
in
the
film.
P20
语法
委婉的情态动词could
委婉的情态动词could1.委婉地表示请求别人做某事。eg:
—Could
you
please
close
the
window?请你关上窗户好吗？
—Sure.
当然可以。/I’m
afraid
not.恐怕不行。其否定结构为：Could
you(please)
not
do...?2.委婉地表示征求对方的许可。eg:
—Could
I
use
your
computer？我可以用你的电脑吗？
—Sorry,
you
can’t.
I’m
going
to
work
on
it.抱歉，你不能。我要用它工作。
could
的其他用法
1.could
为can
的过去式，表示能力。eg:
He
said
that
he
couldn’t
come.他说他不能来了。2.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句，此时could
与can
无时间上的区别，但语气比can
弱。
eg:
He
couldn’t/can’t
be
over
fifty.
他不可能超过50
岁。3.表示可能性，指对将来、现在或过去某种可能的推测。eg:
The
windows
are
open.
He
could
have
come
back.他可能回来了。4.表示建议或用于虚拟语气。eg:
How
I
wish
I
could
go
with
you!我多么希望能和你一起去呀！情态动词could
的用法表示请求与准许，could
委婉又客气；表示能力会不会，could
只用在过去；表示怀疑不相信，could
缓和语气弱；推测可能与建议，虚拟语气也常用。
P20
语法
pass
pass
/pɑ:s/
v.给；递pass
sb.
sth.=pass
sth.
to
sb.把某物递给某人eg:
Pass
me
cola,
please.=Pass
cola
to
me,
please.请把可乐递给我。当直接宾语是代词时，只能使用pass
sth.to
sb.eg:
Pass
it
to
Jenny.（正）把它递给詹妮。
Pass
Jenny
it.（误）eg:
A
red
car
passed
just
now.
刚刚一辆红色汽车经过了。
I
was
happy
that
I
passed
the
exam.
我很高兴通过了考试。
The
days
passed
slowly.
日子慢慢过去。
borrow/'b?r??/
v.借，借用
P21
1b
invite
invite(vt.)邀请
invitation(n.)邀请；请柬
invite
sb.to
sp.邀请某人去某地
invite
sb.to
do
sth.邀请某人去eg:
She
invited
us
to
her
party.
We
ahould
invite
our
teacher
to
join
in
our
party.
P22
2b
a
waste
of
a
waste
of
“浪费”（n.）eg:That's
a
waste
of
money.waste
（v.）
“浪费”+n./pron.waste
time/money
on
sth.或
waste
time/money
(in)
doing
sth.在做某事上浪费时间/金钱eg:There
is
no
use
wasting
time
in
discussing
how
it
happened.
in
order
to...
in
order
to...为了……，目的是……
in
order
to...表示目的，可用于句首或句中；否定结构为in
order
not
to...。in
order
to
表目的,既可位于句首又可位于句中，相当于so
as
to，但so
as
to
只能放在句中。
provide
&
offer
provide
/pr?'va?d/
v.提供；供应。为及物动词，。provide
sth.
for
sb.=provide
sb.
with
sth.为某人提供某物。eg:
They
can
provide
enough
food
for
us.
The
school
provides
the
students
with
delicious
food
every
day.offer“提供;供给;提议”
offer
sb.
sth./offer
sth.
to
sb.向某人提供某物offer
to
do
sth.“试图/提议去做某事”He
offered
to
lend
me
some
books.I
offered
her
a
beautiful
dress.
P22
2b
depend
depend
/d?'pend/
v.依靠；信赖depend
on/upon...依靠；依赖；信赖；由……而决定。其后可跟名词，动词-ing
形式，代词宾格以及宾语从句。eg:
You
are
adults
now
and
should
not
depend
on/upon
your
parents.
The
price
depends
on
the
quality.常用句式：It
all
depends.
一切要看情况而定。independent
(adj.)
独立的independence
(
n.)
独立
develop
develop
/d?'vel?p/
v.发展；壮大；开发development（n.）发展;开发(uc)
eg:Volunteering
is
both
a
chance
to
help
others
and
a
good
way
to
develop
ourselves.
It
is
necessary
for
everyone
to
develop
a
good
habit
of
reading.
The
development
of
China
is
fast.develop
的两个形容词：developed
发达的，developing
发展中的eg:America
is
a
developed
country,
and
China
is
a
developing
country.
as
a
result
as
a
result
结果eg:
He
made
a
big
mistake,
and
as
a
result,
he
lost
his
job.
他犯了一个大错，结果丢了工作。
Bill
was
late
as
a
result
of
the
heavy
snow.
由于大雪，比尔迟到了。
P24
3b
fair
fair
(adj.)
公平的；合理的；
公道的
反义词unfairfairness
（n.）
公平It's
fair
to
say
that...
公平地说....../说句公道话......fair(n.)
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U3
Could
you
please
clean
your
room?知识点讲解
人教版八年级下册
could
you
please...?
请你……好吗？
句中could为情态动词，表示一种委婉的语气，
礼貌地提出请求，意思为“请你……可以吗？”。
句中的please使语气更加委婉，也可以省略。
肯定回答常用语：
Certainly./Of
course./With
pleasure./No
problem.
否定回答常用语：
Sorry,
I
can’t./Sorry,
I’m
afraid
I
can’t.
eg:
—Could
you
please
give
me
a
piece
of
paper?
—Sure.
Here
you
are.
Could
you
please...?
句型的否定结构是在please后加not。
eg:
Could
you
please
not
make
noises?
请你不要制造噪音好吗？
take
out
“拿出，取出”
take
...out
of
...“把......从......拿出”
eg:
Take
out
the
rubbish
when
you
go
out.
sweep(v.)
扫，打扫-swept-swept
sweep
away
扫走，刮走
sweep
out
打扫干净
sweep
up
打扫干净；收拾干净
eg:
We
do
some
cleaning
to
sweep
away
bad
luck
before
Spring
Festival.
get
a
ride
搭车，主语就是搭车人
eg:
Can
I
get
a
ride?
我能搭个车吗？
give
sb.
a
ride
让某人搭车，主语是提供搭车方面的人
eg:
He
often
gives
me
a
ride
to
the
library.
work
on从事，致力于.其中on为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
eg:
He
is
working
on
a
new
fiction.
他正在写一本新的小说。
He
is
working
on
doing
scientific
research.
他正致力于科学研究。
(1)work
with
与……共事
(2)work
for
效劳；为……工作
(3)work
out演算出；制定
(4)work
at
努力做；致力于
(5)work
as从事……工作，as后接职业名词。
eg:
He’s
working
at
losing
weight.
他正在努力减肥。
Her
son
is
working
as
a
math
teacher.
two
hours
中hours
虽然为名词复数，但表示时间时视为一个整体，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
eg:
Three
years
is
a
short
time.
You
have
to
study
hard.
三年的时间很短，你必须努力学习。
英语中表示距离、金额、度量等的词语作主语时，通常视作一个整体，谓语动词也要用单数。
eg:
Twenty
miles
is
a
long
way
to
walk.
二十英里路走起来是很长的一段路程。
mess
/mes/
n.杂乱；不整洁
mess常用可数名词单数形式，意为“杂乱；不整洁”
eg:
“What
a
mess!”
she
said
after
the
party.
聚会后她说：“真是一片狼藉！”
in
a
mess
乱七八糟；make
a
mess弄脏；搞成一团糟
eg:
He
found
his
room
in
a
mess.
他发现自己的房间乱七八糟。
The
kids
made
a
mess
in
the
living
room.
孩子们把客厅搞得一塌糊涂。
throw/θr??/-threw-thrown
v.投，
掷，抛，
扔。
用作及物动词，throw
sb.
sth.=throw
sth.
to
sb.扔给某人某物。
eg:
She
threw
me
a
towel.=She
threw
a
towel
to
me.
throw
away/out
扔掉；丢弃
throw
to
投给……（不含有恶意）
throw
down
扔下
throw
at
向……扔（恶意，带攻击性
）eg:You
should
throw
away/out
those
old
newspapers.
He
threw
a
ball
to
the
dog.
Someone
threw
a
stone
at
the
car.
She
threw
down
her
bag
and
lay
on
the
sofa.
the
minute...一……就……
the
minute
引导时间状语从句，相当于the
moment
或as
soon
as。句子时态遵从“主将从现”原则。
eg:
We
will
leave
as
soon
as
it
stops
raining.
=We
will
leave
the
minute/moment
it
stops
raining.
雨一停，我们就离开。
come
over
“过来”，“顺便来访”
eg:
If
you
need
advice,
come
over
any
time.
Don't
forget
to
come
over
to
my
house
when
you
come
to
Beijing.
all
the
time
一直;总是(常位于句末和进行时连用)
eg:They
are
singing
all
the
time.
Man's
understanding
of
nature
is
developing
all
the
time.It
never
stays
at
the
same
level.
as...as...与......一样......
not
as/so...as...A在某一方面不及B
eg:She
is
as
beautiful
as
her
mother.
Unit
5
is
not
so
difficult
as
Unit
6.
=Unit
6
is
more
difficult
than
Unit
5.
as...as
possible/as...as
one
can尽可能地
eg:I
must
run
as
fast
as
possible/I
can.
neither/'na???(r)/
adv.也不
表示前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用“Neither/Nor
＋
be/助动词/情态动词＋主语.”这种倒装结构。
eg:
He
doesn’t
like
sports,
and
neither
do
I.
-Tom
can't
play
the
piano
at
all.
-Me
neither.=Neither
can
I.(注意Me
neither
不可以换成nor。)
表示前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用
“So
＋
be/助动词/情态动词＋主语.”这种倒装结构，表示“另一人（物）也如此。”
eg:
—Jim
can
play
the
guitar.吉姆会弹吉他。
—So
can
I.
我也会。
so+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词.“正是那样;确实如此”
表示肯定上面的观点。前、后主语是同一人或物。
eg:Tom
speaks
Chinese
very
well.So
he
does.
You
think
she
is
from
China.So
she
is.
My
son
went
to
the
movie.
So
he
did.
neither
也可用作限定词，意为“两者都不”，放在单数名词前，谓语动词用单数。
eg:
Neither
student
is
from
Canada.两个学生都不是来自加拿大。
neither
也可用作代词，常与of
连用，
表示“两者都不”。也可单独用作宾语或主语。
eg:
Neither
of
them
is/are
very
clever,
but
both
study
hard.
他们两个都不是很聪明，但学习都挺刻苦。
用作连词neither...nor...
既不……也不……，连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
eg:
Neither
my
father
nor
I
am
interested
in
the
film.
委婉的情态动词could
委婉地表示请求别人做某事。
eg:
—Could
you
please
close
the
window?
请你关上窗户好吗？
—Sure.
当然可以。/I’m
afraid
not.恐怕不行。
其否定结构为：Could
you(please)
not
do...?
委婉地表示征求对方的许可。
eg:
—Could
I
use
your
computer？我可以用你的电脑吗？
—Sorry,
you
can’t.
I’m
going
to
work
on
it.
抱歉，你不能。我要用它工作。
常用句型
Could
you
(please)
do
sth.?
肯定答语
Yes,
sure./Yes,
I
can.
/Of
course,
I
can./
No
problem.
/With
pleasure./Certainly.
否定答语
可先拒绝，
再说明理由：Sorry,
I
can’t.
I
have
to…/Sorry,
I’m
going
to…
/
I’m
afraid
I
can’t.
I
have
to…
常用句型
Could
I
do
sth.?
肯定答语
Yes,
you
can.
/Yes
please.
否定答语
Sorry,
you
can’t.
/
I’m
afraid
you
can’t.
（然后说明理由）等
委婉的情态动词could
could
的其他用法
could
为can
的过去式，表示能力。
eg:
He
said
that
he
couldn’t
come.他说他不能来了。
表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句，此时could
与can
无时间上的区别，但语气比can
弱。
eg:
He
couldn’t/can’t
be
over
fifty.
他不可能超过50
岁。
表示可能性，指对将来、现在或过去某种可能的推测。
eg:
The
windows
are
open.
He
could
have
come
back.
窗户是开着的。他可能回来了。
表示建议或用于虚拟语气。
eg:
How
I
wish
I
could
go
with
you!
我多么希望能和你一起去呀！
情态动词could
的用法
表示请求与准许，could
委婉又客气；
表示能力会不会，could
只用在过去；
表示怀疑不相信，could
缓和语气弱；
推测可能与建议，虚拟语气也常用。
pass
/pɑ:s/
v.给；递
pass
sb.
sth.=pass
sth.
to
sb.把某物递给某人
eg:
Pass
me
cola,
please.=Pass
cola
to
me,
please.请把可乐递给我。
当直接宾语是代词时，只能使用pass
sth.to
sb.
eg:
Pass
it
to
Jenny.（正）把它递给詹妮。
Pass
Jenny
it.（误）
eg:
A
red
car
passed
just
now.
刚刚一辆红色汽车经过了。
I
was
happy
that
I
passed
the
exam.
我很高兴通过了考试。
The
days
passed
slowly.
日子慢慢过去。
borrow/'b?r??/
v.借，借用
borrow
表示“借进”，即说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于borrow
sth.
from
sb.
or
somewhere
或
borrow
sb.
sth结构中，为非延续性动词。use
含有“借......用”的意思，相当于borrow。
lend
表示“借出”，即说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用于
lend
sth.
to
sb.
或lend
sb.
sth.
结构中，也是非延续性动词。
keep
本意为“保存、保留”，引申为“借用”，
用于表示借用的时间长度，可以和表示时间段的时间状语及how
long
等连用。
invite(vt.)邀请
invitation(n.)邀请；请柬
invite
sb.to
sp.邀请某人去某地
invite
sb.to
do
sth.邀请某人去
eg:
She
invited
us
to
her
party.
We
ahould
invite
our
teacher
to
join
in
our
party.
a
waste
of
“浪费”（n.）
eg:That's
a
waste
of
money.
waste
（v.）
“浪费”+n./pron.
waste
time/money
on
sth.或
waste
time/money
(in)
doing
sth.
在做某事上浪费时间/金钱
eg:There
is
no
use
wasting
time
in
discussing
how
it
happened.
in
order
to...为了……，目的是……
in
order
to...表示目的，可用于句首或句中；否定结构为in
order
not
to...。
in
order
to
表目的,既可位于句首又可位于句中，相当于so
as
to，但so
as
to
只能放在句中。
provide
/pr?'va?d/
v.提供；供应。为及物动词，。
provide
sth.
for
sb.=provide
sb.
with
sth.为某人提供某物。
eg:
They
can
provide
enough
food
for
us.
The
school
provides
the
students
with
delicious
food
every
day.
offer“提供;供给;提议”
offer
sb.
sth./offer
sth.
to
sb.向某人提供某物
offer
to
do
sth.“试图/提议去做某事”
He
offered
to
lend
me
some
books.
I
offered
her
a
beautiful
dress.
depend
/d?'pend/
v.依靠；信赖
depend
on/upon...依靠；依赖；信赖；由……而决定。其后可跟名词，动词-ing
形式，代词宾格以及宾语从句。
eg:
You
are
adults
now
and
should
not
depend
on/upon
your
parents.
The
price
depends
on
the
quality.
常用句式：It
all
depends.
一切要看情况而定。
independent
(adj.)
独立的
independence
(
n.)
独立
develop
/d?'vel?p/
v.发展；壮大；开发
development（n.）发展;开发(uc)
eg:Volunteering
is
both
a
chance
to
help
others
and
a
good
way
to
develop
ourselves.
It
is
necessary
for
everyone
to
develop
a
good
habit
of
reading.
The
development
of
China
is
fast.
develop
的两个形容词：developed
发达的，developing
发展中的
eg:America
is
a
developed
country,
and
China
is
a
developing
country.
美国是一个发达国家，而中国是一个发展中国家。
as
a
result
结果
eg:
He
made
a
big
mistake,
and
as
a
result,
he
lost
his
job.
他犯了一个大错，结果丢了工作。
Bill
was
late
as
a
result
of
the
heavy
snow.
由于大雪，比尔迟到了。
as
a
result
副词性短语，意为“结果”后跟表示事情结果的句子。
as
a
result
of
介词性短语，意为“因为；由于”后常跟名词、代词等，相当于because
of。
fair
(adj.)
公平的；合理的；
公道的
反义词unfair
fairness
（n.）
公平
It's
fair
to
say
that...
公平地说....../说句公道话......
fair(n.)
展览会；交易会
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