(共43张PPT)
U5
What
were
you
doing
when
the
rainstorm
came?知识点讲解
人教版八年级下册
go
off（闹钟）“发出响声”
You’d
better
get
up
as
soon
as
the
alarm
clock
goes
off.
(1)go
off“(灯)熄灭;停止运转;离开”。
eg:The
light
went
off
as
we
entered
the
room.
(2)go
off表示“变质,变坏”。
eg:Milk
goes
off
quickly
in
hot
weather.
(3)go
off表示“爆炸”
eg:A
bomb
went
off
at
8:00
p.m.
yesterday.
wait
for
sb./sth.。
eg:I’m
waiting
for
a
bus.
heavily/'hev?li/
adv.
在很大程度上；大量地；缓慢又高声地
heavily
“大量地”，形容雨、雪下得大，相当于hard。
eg:
Though
it
was
raining
heavily/hard,
they
were
still
working
hard.虽然雨下得很大，他们还在努力地工作。
rain作名词意为“雨”,作动词意为“下雨”,表示雨的大小用hard/heavy/light,表示大风用strong。
There
was
a
heavy
rain
last
night.
It
is
raining
heavily/hard.
The
wind
is
blowing
strongly
with
lots
of
sand.
was
waiting
miss意为
“错过(机会),未赶上(车),未抓住(事物),遗漏”,后跟名词/代词/动名词,不接不定式。
She
missed
seeing
her
son
in
the
crowd.
她在人群中未能看到她的儿子。
miss还可意为“想念,思念”,后跟名词/代词。
was
waiting
suddenly/'s?d?nli/
adv.突然；忽然
suddenly副词，意为“突然”，可在句首或句中作状语，但在句首时，通常要用逗号隔开。
eg:
Suddenly,
I
have
a
good
idea.突然，我有了一个好主意。
(1)sudden
adj.突然的
eg:
His
sudden
death
makes
everybody
sad.
他的突然去世使大家很悲伤。
(2)all
of
a
sudden
意为“突然，猛地”，相当于suddenly
eg:
All
of
a
sudden,
it
began
to
rain.突然开始下雨了。
=
Suddenly,
it
began
to
rain.
pick
up
意为“接电话”,
相当于answer
the
phone/pick
up
the
phone。pick
up的用法：
eg:
Why
didn’t
you
pick
up/answer
the
phone?
你为什么不接电话?
pick
up
还可意为“捡起;
开车接(
人)；学会:（偶然）得到”。
pick
up
是“动词+
副词”型短语，接名词作宾语时，名词可放在短语中间或后面，若宾语为代词时，只能放在中间。
strange/stre?nd?/
adj.奇怪的；奇特的
,作表语/定语。
eg:It’s
strange
that
he’s
failed
in
the
exam.
eg:It
feels
strange
to
be
visiting
the
place
again
after
all
these
years.
stranger(n.)陌生人
strangely(adv.)奇怪地；陌生地
strangeness（n.[U]）陌生；冷淡
light
n.光;光线;光亮。（UC）
light
n.灯（C）
eg:The
children
are
dancing
in
the
bright
moonlight.
Please
turn
on
the
light.
light
adj.轻的;
eg:
It’s
as
light
as
a
feather.
light
v.点燃
eg:
Mother
did
not
light
the
stove.
report/r?'p??(r)t/
v．报道；公布
reporter(n.)记者；报道员
eg:
The
news
reported
that
a
tiger
escaped
from
a
zoo.
report后常跟that引导的宾语从句，常用于句式It
is
reported
that...，意为“据报道……”。
eg:
It
is
reported
that
the
movie
star
is
going
to
our
city.
report
v．报道；公布
report
the
discovery
of
a
new
planet报道新行星的发现
n．报告；汇报；报道
make/give
a
report作报告
beat/bi?t/
v.敲打；打败，常和against/on连用，过去式是beat，过去分词是beaten。
eg:
The
rain
was
beating
against
the
window.
He
beat
his
brother
for
lying.
beat作动词，还可意为“打败，赢”。
eg:
Mike
beat
me
in
the
100?meter
race
yesterday.
赢；
获胜
beat
后面接比赛中的对手或敌人
win
后面接比赛，奖品，名誉，财产等
against/?'ɡenst/
prep.倚；碰；撞
eg:
Jim
stood
against
the
table.
吉姆靠着桌子站着。
against还可意为“反对”，其反义词是for，两者均可接名词或动名词。若表示“强烈反对”，一般用副词strongly修饰against。
eg:
Are
you
for
or
against
the
plan?你赞成还是反对这个计划？
I
am
strongly
against
his
visit
to
the
country.
我强烈反对他访问这个国家。
asleep
/?
sli?p
/
adj.睡着，表语形容词，不能位于名词前作定语，也不能用very
修饰，无比较级和最高级。类似用法的词还有：afraid,
awake。
eg:
Don’t
wake
her
up!
She
is
asleep.
(1)sleep可作延续性动词,意为“睡觉”,也可作名词,意为“睡眠”。
eg:He
slept
for
two
hours.
eg:He
had
a
long
sleep.
(2)be
asleep睡着,asleep作形容词,意为“睡着的”,强调状态。
eg:The
boy
was
asleep
with
his
head
on
his
arms.
(3)fall
asleep睡着,入睡,表示动作的过程,侧重于无意识地入睡。eg:The
old
man
sat
in
his
chair,closed
his
eyes
and
fell
asleep.
(4)get
to
sleep睡着,入眠,强调进入睡眠状态,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
eg:I
was
waiting
for
the
sound
of
the
other
shoe!
I
can’t
get
to
sleep.
(5)go
to
bed上床睡觉,强调睡的动作,不一定睡着。一般说来,
go
to
bed
在前,
然后才是go/get
to
sleep
或
fall
asleep。
eg:We
usually
go
to
bed
at
nine
o’clock.
die
down指风雨或心情“逐渐变弱;逐渐消失;平静下来”。
eg:His
anger
has
died
down
a
bit.
After
a
while,
the
wind
began
to
die
down.
与die相关的搭配
(1)
die
of
(患病)死亡(原因多来自内部)
eg:
He
died
of
lung
cancer.
他死于肺癌。
(2)
die
from(因伤)死亡(原因多来自外部)
eg:
The
man
died
from
a
car
accident.这个男人死于一场车祸。
(3)
die
out
灭绝；消失
eg:
This
kind
of
bird
has
died
out
in
the
world.
wake
是动词,意为“醒来”,常用词组:
wake
up
醒来,使……醒来,叫醒,后接人称代词宾格时,要放在wake与up中间。
eg:I
wake
up
at
the
same
time
every
morning.
She
is
asleep,but
I’ll
wake
her
up.
awake
adj.醒着的。一般只作表语,不作定语。
eg:They
find
that
most
of
the
babies
are
already
awake
and
hungry.
rise/ra?z/
v.&
n.升起；增加；提高
eg:The
sun
rises
in
the
east.太阳从东方升起。
eg:We
raise
the
national
flag
at
the
time
when
the
sun
rises.
我们在太阳升起的时候升国旗。
rise(rose,
risen)
(不及物动词)
升起；上升
主语自身移向较高位置
raise
(raised,
raised)
(及物动词)
举起；提高
主语发出的动作作用于其他事物
in
times
of
...在......时候/时期，后接抽象名词
(trouble，difficulty，stress，celebration)
过去进行时
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作，过去进行时由“was/were＋动词的?ing形式”构成。
过去进行时的构成及其肯定式、否定式和疑问式及简略答语。
eg:
The
students
were
drawing
pictures
at
five
yesterday
afternoon.
We
were
not
watching
TV
at
that
time.
Was
he
playing
football
this
time
yesterday?
What
was
he
doing
at
seven
last
night?
过去进行时的常用时间状语：过去进行时常用then
(那时),
last
night
(昨晚),
at
that
time
(当时),
at
five
yesterday
(昨天5
点),
the
whole
morning
(整个上午)，at
this
time
yesterday
(昨天这个时候)等作时间状语。
eg:
What
were
you
doing
at
8:30
yesterday
evening?
It
was
snowing
heavily
at
this
time
yesterday.
句式
构成
肯定句
主语+
was/were
+
现在分词…
否定句
主语+
was/were+not
+
现在分词…
一般疑问句
Was/Were
+
主语+
现在分词…?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+
was/were（＋主语）+
现在分词…?
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：
一般
过去
时
过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态
David
wrote
a
letter
to
his
friend
last
night.戴维昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了)
过去
进行
时
过去某个时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作
David
was
writing
a
letter
to
his
friend
last
night.戴维昨晚正给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完)
when与
while引导的时间状语从句
(一)when的用法
when作连词，意为“当……的时候”，常用来引导表示时间的状语从句，既可以是时间段又可以是时间点，从句中既可以用延续性动词又可以用短暂性动词。其主要用法下
1.状语从句表示短时间的动作，主句常用进行时态或完成时态
eg:When
I
came
in，
he
was
reading
the
newspaper.
当我进来的时候，他正在看报纸
2.状语从句表示长时间的动作或状态，主句的谓语强调动作时可
用进行时态。
eg:When
she
was
making
a
call，
I
was
writing
a
letter.
当她在打电话时，我在写信
3.状语从句与主句的谓语都是非延续性动词。
eg:When
I
came
into
the
house,
I
found
the
old
man
lying
on
the
ground.当我走进那座房子的时候，我发现那位老人躺在地上。
4.表示突然发生某事，意思是“正在…时突然”，主句常用过去
进行时，when从句常用一般过去时。
eg:I
was
just
coming
along
to
see
you
when
I
ran
into
Wilson.
我来看望你的时候偶然遇见了成尔逊。
5.指将来情况时，主句用将来时态，when引导的状语从句用一般
现在时表示将来。
eg:We
will
go
out
for
a
walk
when
we
have
time
this
evening.
我们今天傍晚有空的时候将出去散步。
6.从句的主语与主句的主语指同一人或事物且从句谓语为be动词
的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。
eg:
When
leaving
the
office,
she
heard
the
telephone
ringing
当她要离开办公室的时候，她听到电话铃响了。
(二)while的用法
while作连词，意为“当……时候”，可引导时间状语从句，表示主句和从句的两个动作同时进行，并且强调在从句所指的时间内，主句动作一直在延续，while从句中的谓语动词必须是廷续性的(不可用非延续性动词)，从句往往用进行时态。其主要用法如下:
1.表示一般的情况，意为“在…的时候;趁......”
eg:
Could
you
look
after
her
for
me
while
we'
re
away?
我们不在的时候，你能替我照顾她吗?
2.表示将来的情况，主句要用将来时，而从句用一般现在时或现
在进行时，但不用将来时。
eg:
I'll
be
kind
to
him
while
you
are
away.
当你不在的时候我会对他好的。
3.表示过去的情况，主从句的时态有以下几种:
(1)主句和从句都用一般过去时。
eg:She
listened
carefully
while
he
read.他朗读的时候地仔细听。
(2)从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。
eg:While
I
was
watching
TV，
Tom
came
in.
当我在看电视的时候，汤姆进来了。
(3)主句和从句都用过去进行时。
eg:
While
I
was
reading，
she
was
doing
some
cleaning.
我在看书的时候地在打扫卫生。
4.当从句的主语与主句的主语相同且从句的谓语含有be动词的时
候，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。
eg:
While
(we
were)
doing
so,
we
decided
to
sell
the
boat.
当我们这样做的时候，我们决定把这条船卖掉。
While(1was)
at
home，
I
often
watched
TV.
在家的时候，我经常看电视。
make
one’s
way前往；费力地前进
“make
one’s
way
to/towards+
地点”意为“前往某地，到某地方去”。
eg:
Will
you
be
able
to
make
your
way
to
the
bus
stop?
He
was
still
making
his
way
though
it
was
raining
heavily.
尽管雨下得很大，他仍然在前进
由way
构成的短语还有：
by
the
way
顺便问一下
in
the
/one’s
way
挡路；妨碍
on
the
/
one’s
way
to
在（某人）去……的路上
lose
one’s
way
迷路
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
主要用法:(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁,或者没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者要用被动语态。(2)强调动作的承受者,此时若想同时指出动作的执行者,可用“by
+
动作执行者”来表示。一般过去时态的被动语态结构为“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”。
The
house
was
built
in
2001
(by
us).
The
book
was
written
by
Mo
Yan.
rest
n.剩余部分;其余
“the
rest
of+复数名词”作主时,谓动复
“the
rest
of
+
不可数名词”作主时,谓动单
eg:The
rest
of
the
apples
are
yours.
The
rest
of
the
bread
isn't
enough.
rest
n.&v.休息。
eg:
It's
time
to
have
a
rest.
silence
n.沉默;缄默;无声
silence是silent的名词形式
in
silence沉默;无声
eg:
He
looked
at
the
boy
in
silence
for
some
minutes.
More
recently,most
Americans
remember
what
they
were
doing
when
the
World
Trade
Center
in
New
York
was
taken
down
by
terrorists.
本句含有what引导的宾语从句,从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句,时间状语从句中又包含被动语态。在宾语从句中,从句的时态可以根据需要选择合适的时态。
I
don’t
know
where
they
once
lived.
如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理或客观事实或格言,从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,仍使用一般现在时。
The
teacher
told
us
that
light
travels
faster
than
sound.
recently/'ri?sntli/
adv.不久前；最近
recently
其比较级及最高级形式分别为more
recently,
most
recently。其形容词为recent，意为“最近的；近来的”。
eg:
Mr.
Wang
has
recently
returned
home
from
Europe.
most
Americans大多数美国人,
“most+名词/most+of+名词”作主语时,谓动单复数取决于该结构中的名词。
eg:
Most
students
like
English.
Most
of
the
apple
has
been
eaten
by
rats.
take
down
表示“拿下;拆卸;摧毁”
have
meaning
to
对某人有......意义
at
first起先；起初
at
first
多用于句首或句末，暗示与后来的情况或动作不同，其反义短语为at
last“最后，终于”。
eg:
The
work
was
hard
at
first,
but
I
got
used
to
it
later.
at
first
与at
the
beginning同义，表示“起初(但后来……)”
，与后来发生的事相对照。
At
first,
I
didn’t
want
to
go,
but
I
soon
changed
my
mind.起初我并不想去，但很快我改变了主意。
first
of
all
与first同义，表示“首先；最重要”，说明顺序，后面常接next,
then等。
First
of
all,
open
the
window.首先，打开窗户。
truth/tru?θ/
n.实情；事实
truth是形容词true的名词形式，其副词是truly。
eg:
He
told
me
the
truth.
And
I
truly
believe
it
is
true.
他把真相告诉了我。我确实相信那是真的。
to
tell
(
you
)
the
truth意为“说实话；老实说”，一般放在句首。与to
tell
(
you
)
the
truth结构类似的插入语有：
to
be
honest
坦白地说；to
be
sure
诚然；
to
start
with=to
begin
with起初，开始时
eg:
To
tell
the
truth,
I
fell
in
love
with
Beijing
when
I
got
there.
老实说，一到北京，我就爱上了那里。
have
trouble
doing
sth.表示“做某事有困难”,相当于
have
problems/difficulty/(in)
doing
sth.
problems/difficulty/trouble前可加修饰词some,a
little,
great,no,a
lot
of等。
eg:I
have
no
difficulty
in
learning
English
well.
He
has
a
lot
of
problems
in
buying
a
computer
now.
happen作不及物动词,意为“发生”。
eg:I
hope
nothing
has
happened
to
my
friend.
happen
to
sb./sth.表示“某人或某物发生了某事或出现某种情况”,一般是不幸的事。
happen
to
do
sth.表示“碰巧发生某事”。
“It
happens+that从句”表示“正巧、恰好……”,
=happen+不定式”结构。
eg:What
happened
to
him,by
the
way?
I
happened
to
meet
my
father
on
my
way.
It
happened
that
she
was
busy
then.
=She
happened
to
be
busy
then.
happen,take
place
(1)happen发生,是一般用语,词义较广,一般指事情、事故的发生,强调事情发生的偶然性或未能预见地发生,不用于被动语态。
eg:A
funny
thing
happened
in
the
subway
yesterday.
(2)take
place
一般指有计划,事先安排的事件的“发生”,没有偶然性,也表示一般的“发生”,此外还有“举行”的意思。
eg:Great
changes
took
place
in
my
hometown
last
year.
point
out意为“指出,指明,表明”
eg:
Mother
pointed
out
my
mistakes.
point
at意思是“指向”,相当于point
to,二者一般可互换。
point
to
指向较近之物。point
at指向较远之物,
point
后可直接跟名词/代词作宾语,point...at...表示“将……指向……”。
eg:The
teacher
pointed
to
the
pictures.
She
was
pointing
her
finger
at
me.
He
pointed
his
gun
at
the
enemy.
as
well也,多用于肯定句,与too可互换,放于句末,其前不用逗号。eg:
Come
early,and
bring
your
brother
as
well.
too,also,either,as
well
(1)too多用于口语的肯定句中,常位于句末,其前通常有逗号。
eg:
I
like
English
and
she
likes
English,too.
(2)also比too正式一些,用于肯定句中,一般位于系动词be、情态
动词、助动词之后或实义动词之前。
eg:The
foreign
guests
can
also
speak
Chinese.
(3)either只用于否定句中,常位于句子末尾,前面有逗号将其与
句子的其他部分隔开。
eg:
I
am
not
a
doctor.She
is
not
a
doctor,either.
(4)as
well常用于口语中,用法与too相似,且常位于句尾,但前面
不用逗号。
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
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人教版（Go
for
it）八下U5
What
were
you
doing
when
the
rainstorm
came知识点梳理
P34
2a
go
off
go
off（闹钟）“发出响声”You’d
better
get
up
as
soon
as
the
alarm
clock
goes
off.(1)go
off“(灯)熄灭;停止运转;离开”。
eg:The
light
went
off
as
we
entered
the
room.(2)go
off表示“变质,变坏”。
eg:Milk
goes
off
quickly
in
hot
weather.(3)go
off表示“爆炸”eg:A
bomb
went
off
at
8:00
p.m.
yesterday.
wait
for
sb./sth.
wait
for
sb./sth.等待某人/某物eg:I’m
waiting
for
a
bus.heavily/'hev?li/
adv.
在很大程度上；大量地；缓慢又高声地heavily
“大量地”，形容雨、雪下得大，相当于hard。eg:
Though
it
was
raining
heavily/hard,
they
were
still
working
hard.虽然雨下得很大，他们还在努力地工作。rain作名词意为“雨”,作动词意为“下雨”,表示雨的大小用hard/heavy/light,表示大风用strong。eg:There
was
a
heavy
rain
last
night.It
is
raining
heavily/hard.The
wind
is
blowing
strongly
with
lots
of
sand.
miss意为
“错过(机会),未赶上(车),未抓住(事物),遗漏”,后跟名词/代词/动名词,不接不定式。eg:She
missed
seeing
her
son
in
the
crowd.她在人群中未能看到她的儿子。miss还可意为“想念,思念”,后跟名词/代词。
P34
2c
suddenly
suddenly/'s?d?nli/
adv.突然；忽然suddenly副词，意为“突然”，可在句首或句中作状语，但在句首时，通常要用逗号隔开。
eg:
Suddenly,
I
have
a
good
idea.突然，我有了一个好主意。(1)sudden
adj.突然的
eg:
His
sudden
death
makes
everybody
sad.(2)all
of
a
sudden
意为“突然，猛地”，相当于suddenly
eg:
All
of
a
sudden,
it
began
to
rain.突然开始下雨了。
=
Suddenly,
it
began
to
rain.
P34
2d
pick
up
pick
up
意为“接电话”,
相当于answer
the
phone/pick
up
the
phone。pick
up的用法：eg:
Why
didn’t
you
pick
up/answer
the
phone?你为什么不接电话?
pick
up
还可意为“捡起;
开车接(
人)；学会:（偶然）得到”。
pick
up
是“动词+
副词”型短语，接名词作宾语时，名词可放在短语中间或后面，若宾语为代词时，只能放在中间。
strange(adj.)
strange/stre?nd?/
adj.奇怪的；奇特的
,作表语/定语。eg:It’s
strange
that
he’s
failed
in
the
exam.eg:It
feels
strange
to
be
visiting
the
place
again
after
all
these
years.strangeness（n.[U]）陌生；冷淡
stranger(n.)陌生人
P35
3a
light
light
(n.)光;光线;光亮。（UC）
light
n.灯（C）eg:The
children
are
dancing
in
the
bright
moonlight.
Please
turn
on
the
light.light
adj.轻的;
eg:
It’s
as
light
as
a
feather.light
v.点燃
eg:
Mother
did
not
light
the
stove.
report
report/r?'p??(r)t/
v．报道；公布
reporter(n.)记者；报道员eg:
The
news
reported
that
a
tiger
escaped
from
a
zoo.report后常跟that引导的宾语从句，常用于句式It
is
reported
that...，意为“据报道……”。eg:
It
is
reported
that
the
movie
star
is
going
to
our
city.
beat
beat/bi?t/
v.敲打；打败，常和against/on连用，过去式是beat，过去分词是beaten。eg:
The
rain
was
beating
against
the
window.
He
beat
his
brother
for
lying.beat作动词，还可意为“打败，赢”。eg:
Mike
beat
me
in
the
100?meter
race
yesterday.
against
against/?'ɡenst/
prep.倚；碰；撞eg:
Jim
stood
against
the
table.
吉姆靠着桌子站着。against还可意为“反对”，其反义词是for，两者均可接名词或动名词。若表示“强烈反对”，一般用副词strongly修饰against。eg:
Are
you
for
or
against
the
plan?你赞成还是反对这个计划？
I
am
strongly
against
his
visit
to
the
country.
我强烈反对他访问这个国家。
asleep
asleep
/?
sli?p
/
adj.睡着，表语形容词，不能位于名词前作定语，也不能用very
修饰，无比较级和最高级。类似用法的词还有：afraid,
awake。eg:
Don’t
wake
her
up!
She
is
asleep.
(1)sleep可作延续性动词,意为“睡觉”,也可作名词,意为“睡眠”。eg:He
slept
for
two
hours.eg:He
had
a
long
sleep.(2)be
asleep睡着,asleep作形容词,意为“睡着的”,强调状态。eg:The
boy
was
asleep
with
his
head
on
his
arms.(3)fall
asleep睡着,入睡,表示动作的过程,侧重于无意识地入睡。eg:The
old
man
sat
in
his
chair,closed
his
eyes
and
fell
asleep.(4)get
to
sleep睡着,入眠,强调进入睡眠状态,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。eg:I
was
waiting
for
the
sound
of
the
other
shoe!
I
can’t
get
to
sleep.(5)go
to
bed上床睡觉,强调睡的动作,不一定睡着。一般说来,
go
to
bed
在前,
然后才是go/get
to
sleep
或
fall
asleep。
eg:We
usually
go
to
bed
at
nine
o’clock.
P35
3a
die
down
die
down指风雨或心情“逐渐变弱;逐渐消失;平静下来”。eg:His
anger
has
died
down
a
bit.
After
a
while,
the
wind
began
to
die
down.与die相关的搭配(1)
die
of
(患病)死亡(原因多来自内部)eg:
He
died
of
lung
cancer.
他死于肺癌。(2)
die
from(因伤)死亡(原因多来自外部)eg:
The
man
died
from
a
car
accident.这个男人死于一场车祸。(3)
die
out
灭绝；消失eg:
This
kind
of
bird
has
died
out
in
the
world.
wake
wake
是动词,意为“醒来”,常用词组:wake
up
醒来,使……醒来,叫醒,后接人称代词宾格时,要放在wake与up中间。
eg:I
wake
up
at
the
same
time
every
morning.
She
is
asleep,but
I’ll
wake
her
up.awake
adj.醒着的。一般只作表语,不作定语。eg:They
find
that
most
of
the
babies
are
already
awake
and
hungry.
rise
rise/ra?z/
v.&
n.升起；增加；提高eg:The
sun
rises
in
the
east.太阳从东方升起。eg:We
raise
the
national
flag
at
the
time
when
the
sun
rises.
我们在太阳升起的时候升国旗。
P35
3c
in
times
of
...
in
times
of
...在......时候/时期，后接抽象名词(trouble，difficulty，stress，celebration)
P36语法
过去进行时
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作，过去进行时由“was/were＋动词的?ing形式”构成。过去进行时的构成及其肯定式、否定式和疑问式及简略答语。
P36语法
过去进行时
eg:
The
students
were
drawing
pictures
at
five
yesterday
afternoon.
We
were
not
watching
TV
at
that
time.
Was
he
playing
football
this
time
yesterday?
What
was
he
doing
at
seven
last
night?
过去进行时的常用时间状语
过去进行时的常用时间状语：过去进行时常用then
(那时),
last
night
(昨晚),
at
that
time
(当时),
at
five
yesterday
(昨天5
点),
the
whole
morning
(整个上午)，at
this
time
yesterday
(昨天这个时候)等作时间状语。eg:
What
were
you
doing
at
8:30
yesterday
evening?
It
was
snowing
heavily
at
this
time
yesterday.
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：
when与
while引导的时间状语从句
(一)when的用法when作连词，意为“当……的时候”，常用来引导表示时间的状语从句，既可以是时间段又可以是时间点，从句中既可以用延续性动词又可以用短暂性动词。其主要用法下1.状语从句表示短时间的动作，主句常用进行时态或完成时态eg:When
I
came
in，he
was
reading
the
newspaper.
当我进来的时候，他正在看报纸2.状语从句表示长时间的动作或状态，主句的谓语强调动作时可
用进行时态。eg:When
she
was
making
a
call，I
was
writing
a
letter.
当地在打电话时，我在写信3.状语从句与主句的谓语都是非延续性动词。eg:When
I
came
into
the
house,
I
found
the
old
man
lying
on
theground.当我走进那座房子的时候，我发现那位老人躺在地上。4.表示突然发生某事，意思是“正在…时突然”，主句常用过去
进行时，when从句常用一般过去时。eg:I
was
just
coming
along
to
see
you
when
I
ran
into
Wilson.
我来看望你的时候偶然遇见了成尔逊。5.指将来情况时，主句用将来时态，when引导的状语从句用一般
现在时表示将来。eg:We
will
go
out
for
a
walk
when
we
have
time
this
evening.
我们今天傍晚有空的时候将出去散步。6.从句的主语与主句的主语指同一人或事物且从句谓语为be动词
的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。eg:
When
leaving
the
office,
she
heard
the
telephone
ringing
当她要离开办公室的时候，她听到电话铃响了。
P36语法
when与
while引导的时间状语从句
(二)while的用法while作连词，意为“当……时候”，可引导时间状语从句，表示主句和从句的两个动作同时进行，并且强调在从句所指的时间内，主句动作一直在延续，while从句中的谓语动词必须是廷续性的(不可用非延续性动词)，从句往往用进行时态。其主要用法如下:1.表示一般的情况，意为“在…的时候;趁......”eg:
Could
you
look
after
her
for
me
while
we'
re
away?
我们不在的时候，你能替我照顾她吗?2.表示将来的情况，主句要用将来时，而从句用一般现在时或现
在进行时，但不用将来时。eg:
I'll
be
kind
to
him
while
you
are
away.
当你不在的时候我会对他好的。3.表示过去的情况，主从句的时态有以下几种:(1)主句和从句都用一般过去时。eg:She
listened
carefully
while
he
read.他朗读的时候地仔细听。(2)从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。eg:While
I
was
watching
TV，
Tom
came
in.
当我在看电视的时候，汤姆进来了。(3)主句和从句都用过去进行时。eg:
While
I
was
reading，
she
was
doing
some
cleaning.
我在看书的时候地在打扫卫生。4.当从句的主语与主句的主语相同且从句的谓语含有be动词的时
候，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。eg:
While
(we
were)
doing
so,
we
decided
to
sell
the
boat.
当我们这样做的时候，我们决定把这条船卖掉。
While(1was)
at
home，
I
often
watched
TV.
在家的时候，我经常看电视。
P37
1d
make
one’s
way
make
one’s
way前往；费力地前进“make
one’s
way
to/towards+
地点”意为“前往某地，到某地方去”。eg:
Will
you
be
able
to
make
your
way
to
the
bus
stop?
He
was
still
making
his
way
though
it
was
raining
heavily.
尽管雨下得很大，他仍然在前进
由way
构成的短语还有：by
the
way
顺便问一下in
the
/one’s
way
挡路；妨碍on
the
/
one’s
way
to
在（某人）去……的路上lose
one’s
way
迷路
P38
2b
Dr.
Martin
was
killed.
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主要用法:(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁,或者没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者要用被动语态。(2)强调动作的承受者,此时若想同时指出动作的执行者,可用“by
+
动作执行者”来表示。一般过去时态的被动语态结构为“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”。The
house
was
built
in
2001
(by
us).The
book
was
written
by
Mo
Yan.
P38
2b
rest
rest
n.剩余部分;其余“the
rest
of+复数名词”作主时,谓动复“the
rest
of
+
不可数名词”作主时,谓动单eg:The
rest
of
the
apples
are
yours.
The
rest
of
the
bread
isn't
enough.rest
n.&v.休息。eg:
It's
time
to
have
a
rest.
silence
silence
n.沉默;缄默;无声
silence是silent的名词形式in
silence沉默;无声eg:
He
looked
at
the
boy
in
silence
for
some
minutes.
More
recently,most
Americans
remember
what
they
were
doing
when
the
World
Trade
Center
in
New
York
was
taken
down
by
terrorists.
More
recently,most
Americans
remember
what
they
were
doing
when
the
World
Trade
Center
in
New
York
was
taken
down
by
terrorists.
本句含有what引导的宾语从句,从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句,时间状语从句中又包含被动语态。在宾语从句中,从句的时态可以根据需要选择合适的时态。eg:
I
don’t
know
where
they
once
lived.如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理或客观事实或格言,从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,仍使用一般现在时。eg:
The
teacher
told
us
that
light
travels
faster
than
sound.
recently
recently/'ri?sntli/
adv.不久前；最近recently
其比较级及最高级形式分别为more
recently,
most
recently。其形容词为recent，意为“最近的；近来的”。eg:
Mr.
Wang
has
recently
returned
home
from
Europe.
“most+名词/most+of+名词”作主语
most
Americans大多数美国人,“most+名词/most+of+名词”作主语时,谓动单复数取决于该结构中的名词。
eg:
Most
students
like
English.
Most
of
the
apple
has
been
eaten
by
rats.
take
down
take
down
表示“拿下;拆卸;摧毁”
have
meaning
to
have
meaning
to
对某人有......意义
at
first
at
first起先；起初at
first
多用于句首或句末，暗示与后来的情况或动作不同，其反义短语为at
last“最后，终于”。eg:
The
work
was
hard
at
first,
but
I
got
used
to
it
later.
P39
2c
truth
truth/tru?θ/
n.实情；事实truth是形容词true的名词形式，其副词是truly。eg:
He
told
me
the
truth.
And
I
truly
believe
it
is
true.
他把真相告诉了我。我确实相信那是真的。
to
tell
(
you
)
the
truth意为“说实话；老实说”，一般放在句首。与to
tell
(
you
)
the
truth结构类似的插入语有：to
be
honest
坦白地说；to
be
sure
诚然；
to
start
with=to
begin
with起初，开始时eg:
To
tell
the
truth,
I
fell
in
love
with
Beijing
when
I
got
there.
老实说，一到北京，我就爱上了那里。
P39
2d
have
trouble
doing
sth.
have
trouble
doing
sth.表示“做某事有困难”,相当于have
problems/difficulty/(in)
doing
sth.problems/difficulty/trouble前可加some,a
little,great,no,a
lot
of等。eg:I
have
no
difficulty
in
learning
English
well.
He
has
a
lot
of
problems
in
buying
a
computer
now.
P39
3a
happen
happen作不及物动词,意为“发生”。eg:I
hope
nothing
has
happened
to
my
friend.happen
to
sb./sth.表示“某人或某物发生了某事或出现某种情况”,一般是不幸的事。happen
to
do
sth.表示“碰巧发生某事”。“It
happens+that从句”表示“正巧、恰好…”,
=happen+不定式”结构。eg:What
happened
to
him,by
the
way?
I
happened
to
meet
my
father
on
my
way.
It
happened
that
she
was
busy
then.=She
happened
to
be
busy
then.happen,take
place(1)happen发生,是一般用语,词义较广,一般指事情、事故的发生,强调事情发生的偶然性或未能预见地发生,不用于被动语态。
eg:A
funny
thing
happened
in
the
subway
yesterday.(2)take
place
一般指有计划,事先安排的事件的“发生”,没有偶然性,也表示一般的“发生”,此外还有“举行”的意思。
eg:Great
changes
took
place
in
my
hometown
last
year.
P40
Self
check
point
out
point
out意为“指出,指明,表明”eg:
Mother
pointed
out
my
mistakes.point
at意思是“指向”,相当于point
to,二者一般可互换。
point
to
指向较近之物。point
at指向较远之物,
point
后可直接跟名词/代词作宾语,point...at...表示“将……指向……”。
eg:The
teacher
pointed
to
the
pictures.
She
was
pointing
her
finger
at
me.
He
pointed
his
gun
at
the
enemy.
as
well
as
well也,多用于肯定句,与too可互换,放于句末,其前不用逗号。eg:
Come
early,and
bring
your
brother
as
well.too,also,either,as
well(1)too多用于口语的肯定句中,常位于句末,其前通常有逗号。
eg:
I
like
English
and
she
likes
English,too.(2)also比too正式一些,用于肯定句中,一般位于系动词be、情态
动词、助动词之后或实义动词之前。eg:The
foreign
guests
can
also
speak
Chinese.(3)either只用于否定句中,常位于句子末尾,前面有逗号将其与句子的其他部分隔开。
eg:
I
am
not
a
doctor.She
is
not
a
doctor,either.(4)as
well常用于口语中,用法与too相似,且常位于句尾,但前面不用逗号。
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