(共43张PPT)
U7
What's
the
highest
mountain
in
the
world?
知识点讲解
人教版八年级下册
…
meters
high
(long,
wide…)
……米高（长，宽……)。
计量方式表达法：
基数词+单位词+形容词=基数词+单位词+in+名词
e.g.
The
wall
is
1.7
metres
wide.
The
wall
is
1.7
meters
in
width.
(adj.)
(n.)
high----------height/haIt/
高（的）
long----------length/leYO/
长（的）
wide---------width/wItO/
宽（的）
deep---------depth/depO/
深（的）
Qomolangma
is
higher
than
any
other
mountain
in
the
world.
Qomolangma
is
the
highest
mountain
in
the
world.
Qomolangma
is
higher
than
the
other
mountains
in
the
world.
形容词比较级+than
any
other+单数名词
=最高级+单数名词
=形容词比较级+than
the
other+复数名词
any
other
后加可数名词单数，常用于比较级句型，表达最高级含义。可与“the
other＋名词复数”或the
others
互换。
在同一个范围内进行比较用“than
any
other+可数名词单数”；但如果不是在同一个范围内进行比较，则用“than
any+
可数名词单数”。
Mr.Li
is
taller
than
any
student
in
his
class.
李老师比他班上任何一个学生都高。
higher
population/
p?pju'le??n/n.
人口；人口数量
population
是一个集合名词，作“人口，人口数”讲，作主语时谓语动词常用单数形式。
eg:
The
population
is
increasing
at
6%
per
year.
人口正以每年6%
的速度增加。
“分数/百分数+of
the
population”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
eg:Three
fourths
of
the
population
in
the
city
are
from
other
parts
of
the
country.
population和people的区别。前者通常用what来提问，后者用how
many
来提问。
large/big--small修饰人口多/少
What’s
the
population
of
China?
=How
large
is
the
population
of
China?
表示“某地有多少人口”用
…has
a
population
of…或The
population
of…
is…。
The
city
has
a
population
of
about
six
million.
=The
population
of
the
city
is
about
six
million.
a
lot,a
little,much,a
bit,still,even,far等可以用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,表示程度,起强调作用。
eg:My
room
is
a
little
smaller
than
yours.
注意比较级前不可用very，so，quite，too
等词修饰
该句含有由that引导的宾语从句，从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。
eg：He
told
me
that
the
sun
rises
in
the
east.
他告诉我太阳从东方升起。(客观事实)
本句中的one
of意为“……中的一个”或“……之一”，后面接复数名词，当名词前有形容词修饰且有比较范围时，形容词应用其最高级形式。
eg:
Song
Jie
is
one
of
the
tallest
students
in
our
class.
宋杰是我们班最高的学生之一。
one
of
...
作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
eg:
One
of
the
girls
is
my
sister.
这些女孩中有一个是我妹妹。
feel
free(可以)随便(做某事)
feel
free
后可接动词不定式，feel
free
to...
表示很随意地去做某事。feel
free
是英语口语中一个常用表达。
eg:
Please
feel
free
to
ask
questions.请随意提问。
-Can
I
use
your
bathroom?
-
Yes,
feel
free.
protect/pr?'tekt/
v.保护；防护
protect...from/against...保护……免受/遭……
eg:
They
sat
together
to
protect
themselves
from
the
wind.
他们坐在一起，免受风吹。
protect
的名词形式是protection，用作不可数名词，意为“保卫；保护”。
eg:
The
law
provides
protection
for
threatened
animals
and
plants.
这条法规保护了濒危的动植物。
as
far
as
I
know
(=so
far
as
I
know)，是一个固定表达，as
far
as
远至；就……而言。
eg:
As
far
as
I
know,
he’ll
be
away
for
three
months.
据我所知，他将外出三个月。
include/?n'klu?d/
vt.包括；包含，后接v-ing
作宾语，不接不定式
include
用于指某物包含某些部分，一般不用于进行时态。
eg:
The
price
includes
both
your
shirt
and
your
trousers.
这个价格包括了你的衬衫和裤子。
including
介词，意为“包括，包含在内”，其后跟名词或代词构成介宾短语。including
sth.
相当于sth.
included。
eg:
Ten
members
were
present
at
the
meeting,
including
me(=me
included).
included
形容词，无比较等级，仅置于名词或代词后，作后置定语。
eg:
Everybody
had
something
to
say,
me
included.
所有的人，包括我在内，都有些话要说。
condition/k?n'd??n/
n.条件；状况
in
good/bad/excellent
condition
状况好/糟糕/极佳
out
of
condition
健康状况不佳
living/working
conditions
生活/工作条件
under
the
condition
that在……的前提下
eg:
Everything
is
in
good
condition.
一切状况良好。
He
is
overweight
and
out
of
condition.
他体重超重且健康状况不佳。
It
is
+
adj.
+
to
do
sth.，
it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放在句尾。常用于此句型的形容词有important，
difficult，
dangerous，
necessary，
useful，
possible等，用来对to
do
sth.
进行说明。此句型可以转换成To
do
sth.
is
+
adj.。
eg:
It’s
very
difficult
to
climb
Qomolangma.
To
climb
Qomolangma
is
very
difficult.
take
in
吸收；摄取（营养、水分等）；吸入；吞入（体内）
eg:Fish
take
in
oxygen
through
their
gills.
鱼用鳃吸氧气。
After
they
finish
the
tough
hike,
they
need
to
take
in
lots
of
water.
succeed/s?k'si?d/
v.实现目标；成功
succeed是不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。常用短语：succeed
in
doing
sth.
成功做成某事；succeed
in
sth.在某方面获得成功。
eg:
His
plan
succeeded.他的计划成功了。
(1)success
n.
成功
eg:
The
party
was
a
big
success.
晚会非常成功。
(2)successful
adj.
成功的
eg:
I
was
successful
in
passing
the
maths
exam.
我成功地过了这次数学考试。
(3)successfully
adv.
成功地
eg:
He
solved
the
problem
successfully.
他成功地解决了那个问题。
challenge/'t??l?nd?/
v.&
n.挑战；考验
challenge
sb.
to
sth./to
do
sth.向某人挑战……，(尤指在对方不情愿时)强烈建议某人做某事。
eg:
After
lunch,
my
cousin
challenged
me
to
a
game
of
tennis.
eg:The
job
doesn’t
really
challenge
him.
challenge作可数名词，意为“挑战；比赛等的邀请”
常跟介词短语to或动词不定式。
eg:
We
accepted
their
challenge
to
a
baseball
game.
challenge作名词的相关短语：
face
a
challenge
面临挑战
meet
the
challenge
of...
迎接……的挑战
accept/take
up
a
challenge
接受挑战
in
the
face
of
面对（困难、问题等）
eg:
In
the
face
of
difficulties,
he’s
completely
unafraid.
achieve
v.达到;完成;成功。
eg:At
last,he
achieved
his
dream.
辨析:achieve,come
true
(1)
achieve指实现梦想、目标,主语是人。
eg:He
hopes
to
achieve
all
his
aims
soon.
(2)
come
true实现,主语多是梦想、蓝图、计划等。
At
last,his
dream
came
true.
achievement
n.
成就；成绩
eg:We
felt
a
great
sense
of
achievement
when
we
reached
the
top
of
the
mountain.
even
though
即使；虽然
even
though(=even
if)
从属连词，引导让步状语从句。even
if
的从句中含有强烈的假定性，even
though则多以从句之内容为前提。
eg:
Even
though
Frank
left
school
at
16,
he
still
became
a
successful
writer.即使弗兰克在16
岁的时候就
辍学了，但他还是成为了一位成功的作家。
形容词、副词比较级和最高级规则变化和不规则变化。
规则变化
1)
一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）
比较级＋er
，
最高级＋est
如：
clever－cleverer－cleverest
；few－fewer－fewest
等。
2)
以e结尾的词，比较级＋r，最高级＋st
即可。
如：
nice－nicer－nicest
cute－cuter－cutest
large－larger－largest
3)
以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i＋er或est
如:
easy－easier－easiest
happy－happier－happiest
再如：early
,
busy
,
heavy
,
dirty
,
lazy也如此。
4)
双写最后一个辅音字母＋er
或
est的词
fat－fatter－fattest
thin－thinner－thinnest
hot－hotter－hottest
red－redder－reddest
wet－wetter－wettest
big－bigger－biggest
5)
多音节和部分双音节的词需要在形容词
原级前＋more构成比较级，＋the
most构成最高级。如：
beautiful
－
more
beautiful
－
the
most
beautiful
delicious,
popular,
important,
interesting,
expensive,
creative
双音节的词如:
careful
－
more
careful
－
the
most
careful
useful
－
more
useful
－
the
most
useful
少数单音节词也是这样，如：
pleased－
more
pleased
－
the
most
pleased
tired－more
tired
－the
most
tired
b)
不规则变化：
good
/well—better
—
best
many/much
—
more
—
most
bad/badly/ill－worse
－
worst
far
—
farther
—farthest
(距离远)
/
further
—
furthest
(程度深)
old
—
elder
—
eldest
(长幼)
old
—
older
—oldest
(年龄)
形容词比较级句型
A
+
be
/实义动词+
比较级+than+
B.
eg:
The
Amazon
is
longer
than
the
Yangtze
,
but
the
Yangtze
is
the
longest
river
in
China.
主语+
谓语+
比较级+
名词＋
than
＋对等成分。
eg:
Tom
has
shorter
hair
than
Sam.汤姆的头发比萨姆的头发短。
Which/Who
+
be
+
比较级，A
or
B?
eg:
Which
is
easier,
math
or
English?哪个更简单，数学还是英语？
Who
is
taller,
Tom
or
Jack?谁更高，汤姆还是杰克？
A
+
be
+
the+
比较级+
of
the
two.
用于两个人或事物之间的比较，其中一个比另一个“更……”
Tom
is
the
taller
of
the
two
boys.汤姆是这两个男孩中较高的那个。
...
数量＋比较级＋
than
...
eg:
This
elephant
is
200cm
taller
than
this
panda.
这头大象比这只熊猫高200
厘米。
比较级+and+
比较级，
表示“
越来越……”
eg:
The
weather
is
colder
and
colder.天气越来越冷了。
The+
比较级...，the+
比较级...
表示“越……，就越……”。
eg:
The
more
you
eat,
the
fatter
you
will
be.
比较级表达最高级
eg:
Tom
is
taller
than
any
other
boy
in
his
class.
汤姆比班上其他任何一个男孩都高。
(=Tom
is
the
tallest
boy
in
his
class.
汤姆
是班上最高的男孩。)
形容词最高级句型
S
+
be
/实义动词+
the
+
最高级+
of/in
(
三者及以上范围的).
eg:
My
mother
is
the
busiest
in
my
family.
S+
be
+
one
of
the
+
最高级+
名词复数+
in/of
...
eg:
Shenzhen
is
one
of
the
biggest
cities
in
China.
S
+
be
+
the
+
序数词+
最高级+
名词+in/of
...
eg:
The
Yellow
River
is
the
second
longest
river
in
China.
Wh-
词+
be
+
the
+
最高级，A,
B
or
C?
eg:
Which
is
the
biggest,
the
moon,
the
earth
or
the
sun?
S+be
+the
+
最高级+
名词＋定语从句(I
have
seen/heard/met/
read).
eg:
She
is
the
most
beautiful
girl
(who/that)I
have
met.
同级比较句型
A+be/实义动词+as+
原级+as+B.
eg:
This
box
is
as
big
as
mine.
这箱子和我的一样大。
He
ran
as
fast
as
Tony.
他跑得和托尼一样快。
A+be
not
so/as+
原级+as+B.
eg:
This
box
is
not
as
big
as
mine.
这箱子不如我的大。
He
did
not
run
as
fast
as
Tony.
他跑得不如托尼快。
比较级和最高级的修饰语
比较级的修饰语
比较级的常用修饰语主要有much(……得多),
even(
更加),
still(
更),
yet(
更),
far(……得多),a
lot(
很),
a
great
deal(
很多),
a
little(
有点),
a
bit(
有点),
rather(
很)，倍数、分数、百分数等。
eg:
These
tomatoes
are
a
little
cheaper
than
those.
这些西红柿比那些稍便宜点。
Cotton
output
is
57
percent
higher
than
that
of
last
year.
棉花产量比去年高57%。
最高级的修饰语
最高级的常用修饰语有序数词以及by
far(
最；很),
nearly(
几乎),
almost(
几乎)
等。
eg:
Tourism
has
become
the
second
largest
industry
in
the
country.
旅游业已成为该国的第二大产业。
This
is
by
far
the
best
song
that
I’ve
ever
heard.
This
tree
is
almost/nearly
the
tallest
one.
比较等级用法口诀
两者相比用比较，三者及以上用最高。
两者若是一个样，as
...
as
要用上。
甲不如乙加not，意思与less
than
差不多。
程度递增“越来越……，比较级用and
连接。
两种情况同时变，The
more
...
,
the
better...
是样板。
weigh/we?/v.
重量是……；称……的重量
weigh
此处用作连系动词。意为
“
重量是……”。对重量提问常用
How
much...weigh?
或
How
heavy...?
eg:
The
young
birds
weigh
only
a
few
grams.雏鸟重量只有几克。
Do
you
know
how
much
it
weighs?你知道它的重量吗？
weigh
用作及物动词，意为“称……的重量”。
eg:
He
weighed
the
fish.
他称了称那条鱼。
weight
n.
(
某物的)
重量，分量；(
某人的)
体重
eg:
Fruit
and
vegetables
are
sold
by
weight.
水果和蔬菜是称重出售的。
many
times
很多倍
time
n.
倍。表示“A
比B
长(
宽、高、大、重等)……倍”时，其结构为“A+be+
基数词+times+
形容词比较级+than+B”。
eg:
This
hall
is
five
times
bigger
than
our
classroom.
这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。
“两倍”可用twice表示。表达倍数时，常用句型还有：
A+be+
倍数+as+
形容词原级+as+B.
eg:
His
father
is
twice
as
old
as
he.
他父亲的年纪是他的两倍。
more
than
多于；超出，后接基数词，相当于over
more
than
one+
可数名词单数作主语时，虽然指两个以上的人或物，含有复数意义，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
eg:
More
than
one
person
knows
about
that.
不止一个人知道那件事。
birth
n.出生;诞生。
at
birth
意为“出生时”，相当于when
one
was
born。
eg:
The
baby
weighed
three
kilos
at
birth.
这个婴儿出生时体重为三公斤。
What’s
your
date
of
birth?
at
birth出生时;
date
of
birth出生日期;
give
birth
to生孩子。
(1)
born是bear的过去分词,“出生”,结构:sb.was/were
born。
eg:
I
was
born
in
summer
in
1988.
(2)
birth是名词,“出生,诞生,分娩”,
反义词是death,意为“死,死亡”。
eg:
She
gave
birth
to
a
girl
last
night.
up
to到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有；不多于
eg:
The
theater
can
hold
up
to
500
people.
这家剧院能容纳多达500
人。
live
up
to指“活到……岁”。
be
up
to
sb.
由某人决定
eg:
You
can
leave
today
or
tomorrow.
It’s
up
to
you.
你可以今天走，也可以明天走。你自己决定。
(1)prepare
sth.for
sb./sth./
prepare
sb.
sth.给…准备…
She
prepared
a
nice
breakfast
for
us.
(2)
prepare
to
do
sth.准备做……。
They
were
preparing
to
cross
the
river
when
it
began
to
rain.
(3)
prepare
for“为……做准备”,=get
ready
for
The
students
are
busy
preparing
for
the
final
exam.
awake/?'we?k/
adj.醒着,
在句中常作表语。反义词是asleep。
eg:
Is
he
awake
or
asleep?
他是醒着还是睡着了？
awake
是表语形容词，不能位于名词前作定语，也不能用very
修饰。可在句中作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语。
wake
既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，意为“叫醒；醒来”。短语wake
up/wake
sb.up
醒来；叫醒某人。
eg:
I
woke
up
very
early
this
morning.
Please
wake
me
up
at
six
in
the
morning.
walk
into表示“走路时撞着”;
fall
over表示“绊倒;摔倒”后不接宾语。
She
hit
him
so
hard
that
she
fell
over.
eg:
I
saw
the
little
girl
fall
over.
The
boy
hit
the
tree
so
hard
that
he
fell
down.
The
girl
is
falling
off
the
bike.
（=
The
girl
is
falling
down
from
the
bike.）
fall
over
强调的是“向前摔倒、跌倒”
不接宾语
fall
down
强调的是“滑倒、倒下”
后接宾语时应加上介词from
fall
off
强调的是“跌落、从……掉下来”
后直接接宾语
“There
be＋
sb./sth.＋doing
sth.＋地点”表示“某地有某人或某物正在做某事”。其中doing
sth.是后置定语，与其修饰的词是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示人与动作是主动关系。
eg:
There
is
a
truck
collecting
the
rubbish
over
there.
There
are
some
people
picking
apples
on
the
farm.
or
so大约,
常置于数量或时间后，表示大约的概念。
eg:
There
are
30
workers
or
so
in
the
factory.
or
so
意为“大约”，常用在被修饰词后，而about，around
表“大约”时，常用在被修饰词之前。
eg:
We
will
complete
the
project
in
two
weeks
or
so.
die
from“死于(创伤、劳累、忧愁等外部原因)”。
die
of
“因……而死”宾语是死亡的原因(一般用于因疲劳、寒冷、饥渴、年老、失望、悲伤等感情原因而造成的死亡。)
表示因病而死是可与die
from互换。
eg:
She
died
from/of
cancer.
The
old
man
died
from
an
accident.
His
father
died
of
disappointment
in
Germany.
Whales
are
huge.
They
live
in
the
sea.
They
eat
small
fish
and
other
sea
life.
They
can
sing
songs.
One
interesting
fact
is
that
some
kinds
have
teeth.
Another
interesting
fact
is
that
they
jump
high
out
of
the
water.
Some
kinds
of
whales
are
in
danger
because
humans
catch
whales
for
meat,
fat
and
oil,
and
put
rubbish
into
the
sea.
We
should
protect
whales
from
danger.
I
think
people
should
not
put
rubbish
into
the
sea
and
people
should
make
rules
on
whale
protection.
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
有大把高质量资料？一线教师？一线教研员？
欢迎加入21世纪教育网教师合作团队！！月薪过万不是梦！！
详情请看：
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版（Go
for
it）八下U7
What's
the
highest
mountain
in
the
world？知识点梳理
P49
1b
Qomolangma
is
higher
than
any
other
mountain
in
the
world.
Qomolangma
is
higher
than
any
other
mountain
in
the
world.
Qomolangma
is
the
highest
mountain
in
the
world.Qomolangma
is
higher
than
the
other
mountains
in
the
world.形容词比较级+than
any
other+单数名词=最高级+单数名词=形容词比较级+than
the
other+复数名词any
other
后加可数名词单数，常用于比较级句型，表达最高级含义。可与“the
other＋名词复数”或the
others
互换。在同一个范围内进行比较用“than
any
other+可数名词单数”；但如果不是在同一个范围内进行比较，则用“than
any+
可数名词单数”。eg:Mr.Li
is
taller
than
any
student
in
his
class.
李老师比他班上任何一个学生都高。
P50
2a
population
population/
p?pju'le??n/n.
人口；人口数量,
是一个集合名词，作“人口，人口数”讲，作主语时谓语动词常用单数形式。eg:
The
population
is
increasing
at
6%
per
year.
人口正以每年6%
的速度增加。“分数/百分数+of
the
population”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。eg:Three
fourths
of
the
population
in
the
city
are
from
other
parts
of
the
country.population和people的区别。前者通常用what来提问，后者用how
many
来提问。large/big--small修饰人口多/少eg:What’s
the
population
of
China?=How
large
is
the
population
of
China?表示“某地有多少人口”用…has
a
population
of…或The
population
of…
is…。eg:The
city
has
a
population
of
about
six
million.
=The
population
of
the
city
is
about
six
million.
修饰形容词或副词的比较级
a
lot,a
little,much,a
bit,still,even,far等可以用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,表示程度,起强调作用。eg:My
room
is
a
little
smaller
than
yours.注意比较级前不可用very，so，quite，too
等词修饰
P50
2c
Did
you
know
that
China
is
one
of
the
oldest
countries
in
the
world?
Did
you
know
that
China
is
one
of
the
oldest
countries
in
the
world?该句含有由that引导的宾语从句，从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。eg：He
told
me
that
the
sun
rises
in
the
east.
他告诉我太阳从东方升起。(客观事实)本句中的one
of意为“……中的一个”或“……之一”，后面接复数名词，当名词前有形容词修饰且有比较范围时，形容词应用其最高级形式。
eg:
Song
Jie
is
one
of
the
tallest
students
in
our
class.
宋杰是我们班最高的学生之一。
one
of
...
作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
eg:
One
of
the
girls
is
my
sister.
这些女孩中有一个是我妹妹。
P50
2d
feel
free
feel
free(可以)随便(做某事)feel
free
后可接动词不定式，feel
free
to...
表示很随意地去做某事。feel
free
是英语口语中一个常用表达。eg:
Please
feel
free
to
ask
questions.请随意提问。
-Can
I
use
your
bathroom?
-
Yes,
feel
free.
P50
2d
protect
protect/pr?'tekt/
v.保护；防护protect...from/against...保护……免受/遭……eg:
They
sat
together
to
protect
themselves
from
the
wind.
他们坐在一起，免受风吹。protect
的名词形式是protection，用作不可数名词，意为“保卫；保护”。eg:
The
law
provides
protection
for
threatened
animals
and
plants.
这条法规保护了濒危的动植物。
as
far
as
I
know
as
far
as
I
know
(=so
far
as
I
know)，固定表达，as
far
as
远至；就……而言。eg:
As
far
as
I
know,
he’ll
be
away
for
three
months.据我所知，他将外出三个月。
P51
3a
include
include/?n'klu?d/
vt.包括；包含，后接v-ing
作宾语，不接不定式include
用于指某物包含某些部分，一般不用于进行时态。eg:
The
price
includes
both
your
shirt
and
your
trousers.
这个价格包括了你的衬衫和裤子。including
介词，意为“包括，包含在内”，其后跟名词或代词构成介宾短语。including
sth.
相当于sth.
included。eg:
Ten
members
were
present
at
the
meeting,including
me(=me
included).included
形容词，无比较等级，仅置于名词或代词后，作后置定语。
eg:
Everybody
had
something
to
say,
me
included.
所有的人，包括我在内，都有些话要说。
condition
condition/k?n'd??n/
n.条件；状况in
good/bad/excellent
condition
状况好/糟糕/极佳out
of
condition
健康状况不佳living/working
conditions
生活/工作条件under
the
condition
that在……的前提下eg:
Everything
is
in
good
condition.
一切状况良好。
He
is
overweight
and
out
of
condition.他体重超重且健康状况不佳。
It
is
+
adj.
+
to
do
sth
It
is
+
adj.
+
to
do
sth.，
it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放在句尾。常用于此句型的形容词有important，
difficult，
dangerous，
necessary，
useful，
possible等，用来对to
do
sth.
进行说明。此句型可以转换成To
do
sth.
is
+
adj.。eg:
It’s
very
difficult
to
climb
Qomolangma.
=To
climb
Qomolangma
is
very
difficult.
take
in
吸收；摄取（营养、水分等）；吸入；吞入（体内）eg:Fish
take
in
oxygen
through
their
gills.鱼用鳃吸氧气。
After
they
finish
the
tough
hike,
they
need
to
take
in
lots
of
water.
succeed
succeed/s?k'si?d/
v.实现目标；成功succeed是不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。常用短语：succeed
in
doing
sth.
成功做成某事；succeed
in
sth.在某方面获得成功。eg:
His
plan
succeeded.他的计划成功了。(1)success
n.
成功
eg:
The
party
was
a
big
success.
(2)successful
adj.成功的
eg:I
was
successful
in
passing
the
maths
exam.(3)successfully
adv.
成功地
eg:
He
solved
the
problem
successfully.
P51
3a
challenge
challenge/'t??l?nd?/
v.&
n.挑战；考验challenge
sb.
to
sth./to
do
sth.向某人挑战……，(尤指在对方不情愿时)强烈建议某人做某事。eg:
After
lunch,
my
cousin
challenged
me
to
a
game
of
tennis.eg:The
job
doesn’t
really
challenge
him.
challenge作可数名词，意为“挑战；比赛等的邀请”
常跟介词短语to或动词不定式。eg:
We
accepted
their
challenge
to
a
baseball
game.
challenge作名词的相关短语：face
a
challenge
面临挑战meet
the
challenge
of...
迎接……的挑战accept/take
up
a
challenge
接受挑战
in
the
face
of
in
the
face
of
面对（困难、问题等）eg:
In
the
face
of
difficulties,
he’s
completely
unafraid.
achieve
achieve
v.达到;完成;成功。eg:At
last,he
achieved
his
dream.辨析:achieve,come
true(1)
achieve指实现梦想、目标,主语是人。eg:He
hopes
to
achieve
all
his
aims
soon.(2)
come
true实现,主语多是梦想、蓝图、计划等。eg:At
last,his
dream
came
true.
achievement
n.
成就；成绩eg:We
felt
a
great
sense
of
achievement
when
we
reached
the
top
of
the
mountain.
P51
3c
even
though
even
though
即使；虽然even
though(=even
if)
从属连词，引导让步状语从句。even
if
的从句中含有强烈的假定性，even
though则多以从句之内容为前提。eg:
Even
though
Frank
left
school
at
16,
he
still
became
a
successful
writer.
P52
语法
形容词、副词比较级和最高级规则变化和不规则变化。
形容词、副词比较级和最高级规则变化和不规则变化。
规则变化
一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）＋er
，
＋est
如：
clever－cleverer－cleverest
；few－fewer－fewest
等。
以e结尾的词，比较级＋r，最高级＋st
即可。
如：nice－nicer－nicest
cute－cuter－cutest
large－larger－largest
3)
以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i＋er或est
如:
easy－easier－easiest
happy－happier－happiest
再如：early
,
busy
,
heavy
,
dirty
,
lazy也如此。4)
双写最后一个辅音字母＋er
，+
est的词fat－fatter－fattest
thin－thinner－thinnest
hot－hotter－hottest
red－redder－reddest
wet－wetter－wettest
big－bigger－biggest
5)
多音节和部分双音节的词需要在形容词原级前＋more构成比较级，＋the
most构成最高级。如：
beautiful
－
more
beautiful
－
the
most
beautiful
delicious,
popular,
important,
interesting,
expensive,
creative双音节的词如:
careful
－
more
careful
－
the
most
careful
useful
－
more
useful
－
the
most
useful少数单音节词也是这样，如：
pleased－
more
pleased
－
the
most
pleased
tired－more
tired
－the
most
tired
b)
不规则变化：
good
/well—better
—
best
many/much
—
more
—
most
bad/badly/ill－worse
－
worst
far
—
farther
—farthest
(距离远)
/
further
—
furthest
(程度深)
old
—
elder
—
eldest
(长幼)
old
—
older
—oldest
(年龄)
P52语法
形容词比较级句型
形容词比较级句型A
+
be
/实义动词+
比较级+than+
B.eg:
The
Amazon
is
longer
than
the
Yangtze
.主语+
谓语+
比较级+
名词＋
than
＋对等成分。eg:
Tom
has
shorter
hair
than
Sam.汤姆的头发比萨姆的头发短。Which/Who
+
be
+
比较级，A
or
B?eg:
Which
is
easier,
math
or
English?哪个更简单，数学还是英语？
Who
is
taller,
Tom
or
Jack?谁更高，汤姆还是杰克？A
+
be
+
the+
比较级+
of
the
two.
用于两个人或事物之间的比较，其中一个比另一个“更……”Tom
is
the
taller
of
the
two
boys.汤姆是这两个男孩中较高的那个。...
数量＋比较级＋
than
...eg:
This
elephant
is
200cm
taller
than
this
panda.
这头大象比这只熊猫高200
厘米。比较级+and+
比较级，
表示“
越来越……”eg:
The
weather
is
colder
and
colder.天气越来越冷了。The+
比较级...，the+
比较级...
表示“越……，就越……”。eg:
The
more
you
eat,
the
fatter
you
will
be.比较级表达最高级eg:
Tom
is
taller
than
any
other
boy
in
his
class.
汤姆比班上其他任何一个男孩都高。
(=Tom
is
the
tallest
boy
in
his
class.
汤姆是班上最高的男孩。)
形容词最高级句型
形容词最高级句型S
+
be
/实义动词+
the
+
最高级+
of/in
(
三者及以上范围的).eg:
My
mother
is
the
busiest
in
my
family.S+
be
+
one
of
the
+
最高级+
名词复数+
in/of
...eg:
Shenzhen
is
one
of
the
biggest
cities
in
China.S
+
be
+
the
+
序数词+
最高级+
名词+in/of
...eg:
The
Yellow
River
is
the
second
longest
river
in
China.Wh-
词+
be
+
the
+
最高级，A,
B
or
C?eg:
Which
is
the
biggest,
the
moon,
the
earth
or
the
sun?
S+be
+the
+
最高级+
名词＋定语从句(I
have
seen/heard/met/
read).eg:
She
is
the
most
beautiful
girl
(who/that)I
have
met.
P52语法
同级比较句型
同级比较句型A+be/实义动词+as+
原级+as+B.eg:
This
box
is
as
big
as
mine.
这箱子和我的一样大。
He
ran
as
fast
as
Tony.
他跑得和托尼一样快。A+be
not
so/as+
原级+as+B.eg:
This
box
is
not
as
big
as
mine.
这箱子不如我的大。
He
did
not
run
as
fast
as
Tony.
他跑得不如托尼快。
比较级和最高级的修饰语
比较级和最高级的修饰语比较级的修饰语比较级的常用修饰语主要有much(……得多),
even(
更加),
still(
更),
yet(
更),
far(……得多),a
lot(
很),
a
great
deal(
很多),
a
little(
有点),
a
bit(
有点),
rather(
很)，倍数、分数、百分数等。eg:
These
tomatoes
are
a
little
cheaper
than
those.
这些西红柿比那些稍便宜点。
Cotton
output
is
57
percent
higher
than
that
of
last
year.
棉花产量比去年高57%。最高级的修饰语最高级的常用修饰语有序数词以及by
far(
最；很),
nearly(
几乎),
almost(
几乎)
等。eg:
Tourism
has
become
the
second
largest
industry
in
the
country.
旅游业已成为该国的第二大产业。
This
is
by
far
the
best
song
that
I’ve
ever
heard.
This
tree
is
almost/nearly
the
tallest
one.比较等级用法口诀两者相比用比较，三者及以上用最高。两者若是一个样，as
...
as
要用上。甲不如乙加not，意思与less
than
差不多。程度递增“越来越……，比较级用and
连接。两种情况同时变，The
more
...
,
the
better...
是样板。
P53
1a
weigh
weigh/we?/v.
重量是……；称……的重量weigh
此处用作连系动词。意为
“
重量是……”。对重量提问常用
How
much...weigh?
或
How
heavy...?eg:
The
young
birds
weigh
only
a
few
grams.雏鸟重量只有几克。
Do
you
know
how
much
it
weighs?你知道它的重量吗？weigh
用作及物动词，意为“称……的重量”。eg:
He
weighed
the
fish.
他称了称那条鱼。weight
n.
(
某物的)
重量，分量；(
某人的)
体重eg:
Fruit
and
vegetables
are
sold
by
weight.水果和蔬菜是称重出售的。
many
times
many
times
很多倍time
(n.
)倍。表示“A
比B
长(
宽、高、大、重等)……倍”时，其结构为“A+be+
基数词+times+
形容词比较级+than+B”。eg:
This
hall
is
five
times
bigger
than
our
classroom.
这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。“两倍”可用twice表示。表达倍数时，常用句型还有：A+be+
倍数+as+
形容词原级+as+B.eg:
His
father
is
twice
as
old
as
he.他父亲的年纪是他的两倍。
P53
1a
more
than
more
than
多于；超出，后接基数词，相当于overmore
than
one+
可数名词单数作主语时，虽然指两个以上的人或物，含有复数意义，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。eg:
More
than
one
person
knows
about
that.不止一个人知道那件事。
P53
1c
birth
birth
(n.)出生;诞生。at
birth
意为“出生时”，相当于when
one
was
born。eg:
The
baby
weighed
three
kilos
at
birth.这个婴儿出生时体重为三公斤。
What’s
your
date
of
birth?at
birth出生时;
date
of
birth出生日期;
give
birth
to生孩子。(1)
born是bear的过去分词,“出生”,结构:sb.was/were
born。eg:
I
was
born
in
summer
in
1988.(2)
birth是名词,“出生,诞生,分娩”,反义词是death,意为“死,死亡”。eg:
She
gave
birth
to
a
girl
last
night.
up
to
up
to到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有；不多于eg:
The
theater
can
hold
up
to
500
people.这家剧院能容纳多达500
人。live
up
to指“活到……岁”。be
up
to
sb.
由某人决定eg:
You
can
leave
today
or
tomorrow.
It’s
up
to
you.
你可以今天走，也可以明天走。你自己决定。
P54
2b
prepare
(1)prepare
sth.for
sb./sth./
prepare
sb.
sth.给…准备…
eg:She
prepared
a
nice
breakfast
for
us.(2)
prepare
to
do
sth.准备做……。eg:They
were
preparing
to
cross
the
river
when
it
began
to
rain.(3)
prepare
for“为……做准备”,=get
ready
foreg:The
students
are
busy
preparing
for
the
final
exam.
awake
awake/?'we?k/
adj.醒着,
在句中常作表语。反义词是asleep。eg:
Is
he
awake
or
asleep?
他是醒着还是睡着了？
awake
是表语形容词，不能位于名词前作定语，也不能用very
修饰。可在句中作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语。wake
既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，意为“叫醒；醒来”。短语wake
up/wake
sb.up
醒来；叫醒某人。
eg:
I
woke
up
very
early
this
morning.
Please
wake
me
up
at
six
in
the
morning.
walk
into
walk
into表示“走路时撞着”;
P54
2b
fall
over
fall
over表示“绊倒;摔倒”后不接宾语。She
hit
him
so
hard
that
she
fell
over.eg:
I
saw
the
little
girl
fall
over.
The
boy
hit
the
tree
so
hard
that
he
fell
down.
The
girl
is
falling
off
the
bike.
（=
The
girl
is
falling
down
from
the
bike.）
There
be＋
sb./sth.＋doing
sth.＋地点
“There
be＋
sb./sth.＋doing
sth.＋地点”表示“某地有某人或某物正在做某事”。其中doing
sth.是后置定语，与其修饰的词是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示人与动作是主动关系。eg:
There
is
a
truck
collecting
the
rubbish
over
there.
There
are
some
people
picking
apples
on
the
farm.
or
so
or
so大约,
常置于数量或时间后，表示大约的概念。eg:
There
are
30
workers
or
so
in
the
factory.or
so
意为“大约”，常用在被修饰词后，而about，around
表“大约”时，常用在被修饰词之前。eg:
We
will
complete
the
project
in
two
weeks
or
so.
die
from
die
from“死于(创伤、劳累、忧愁等外部原因)”。die
of
“因……而死”宾语是死亡的原因(一般用于因疲劳、寒冷、饥渴、年老、失望、悲伤等感情原因而造成的死亡。)表示因病而死是可与die
from互换。eg:
She
died
from/of
cancer.
The
old
man
died
from
an
accident.
His
father
died
of
disappointment
in
Germany.
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
HYPERLINK
"http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
