外研社必修三module 6 old and new学案

Module 6 Old and New
课标定位·高效导学
类别 课程标准要求掌握的项目
重点单词 bulletin n.公告，报告civil adj.公民的，国内的engineering n.工程，工程学hydro-electric adj.水力发电的reservoir n.水库，蓄水池structure n. 结构，建筑物terminal a.终端的date n.日期，约会；vi.始于accommodate vt.使适应，容纳construction n.建设，建造site n.场所，遗址generate vt.产生 harness vt利用，将（自然力）变成动力historical adj.历史的，有关历史的narrow adj.狭窄的poem n.诗submerge vt.浸入水中，淹没global adj.全球的remove vt.迁移，搬迁freezing adj.冰冻的，极冷的ridiculous adj.荒谬的，可笑的enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的foggy adj.多雾的crash n./v.碰撞，坠毁
重点短语 provide …for…向……提供date from追溯到……of all time有史以来work out计算出，锻炼身体，解决dream of梦想到hear from收到（某人的来信）now that既然hold back阻止，抑制，隐瞒come true （梦想等）实现be equal to相当于，胜任，等于more than 多于，不仅仅historical sites/relics历史遗址（遗产）take away拿走，取走make sense讲得通，有意义essential information基本信息，必要信息 be used for ……被用来……a large amount of 大量的……the last time最后……的时候be full of 充满not…at all 没什么，一点儿也不cross out删除，取消prefer to do sth.偏爱做某事；receive an email from从……收到电子邮件make a note of做……关于……的记录go up 上升，上涨be on a visit 在访问中bring an end to 使……结束all the way 一路上be pleased with对……感到高兴be surprised to do sth.做……感到吃惊on a clear/foggy day在晴朗/多雾的日子
功能交际 It took six years to build and cost US $20 billion.Is it possible to see the relics now that they have been submerged The dam is nearly 200 meters high and 1.5 kilometers wide.The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.Were you pleased with your visit to the Three Gorges Dam
语法 Non-defining attributive clauseContraction of attributive clauses The Yangtze River, which is more than 6000 kilometers long, is the third longest river in the world.More than a million people who lived in the region have moved from their home.
Section Ⅰ Introduction, Reading and Vocabulary ＆ Function
知识整合·能力聚焦
考点搜索1：provide的用法
【例1】Many Chinese universities __________ scholarships for students in need of financial aid.
A. afford B. provide C. supply D. offered
解析：考查动词词义与习惯搭配的辨析：afford to do sth.承担的起……；provide sth. for sb.向某人提供某物；supply sb. with sth. 向某人提供某物；offer to do sth.主动提出做某事；句意：许多中国的大学，向那些急需经济援助的学生，提供奖学金。依据语境中的介词for判断，则选项B符合题意。
答案：B
名师点金：provide/supply/offer/afford的用法
⑴provide指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等作好充分准备而“供给、提供”；
①provide sb. with sth.
②provide sth.for sb.
He persuaded other people to provide money or to give help.
他说服别人提供钱或给予帮助。
The school provided food for the students. 学校为学生提供伙食。
They provided us with all the books we need.
他们为我们提供所需要的所有书籍。
⑵supply通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品；
①supply sb. with sth.
②supply sth. to sb.
The cars will be supplied to people all over the country.
这些汽车将供应给全国各地的人们。
Cows supply us with milk. 母牛供给我们牛奶。
In Britain milk is supplied to each house in bottles.
在英国牛奶是装在瓶子里送往每家每户的。
⑶offer侧重表示“主动、愿意提供（给予）”；
①offer sb. sth.
②offer to do sth.
She offered me a cup of tea. 她给我端了杯茶。
He offered to go instead of me. 他主动提出代替我去。
⑷afford作动词，意为“买得起，担负得起”，通常与can, could, be able to连用；
They couldn’t afford $50 for a ticket. 他们拿不出50美元买一张票。
We can’t afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。
原文对照：Do you know the name of the reservoir that provides water for your town
考点搜索2：cost的用法
【例2】The _______ of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than that in any
other area of the city.
A. cost B. fare
C. fee D. tuition
解析：考查名词词义辨析：cost成本，代价；差旅费（尤指乘飞机、火车、公交车等旅行的费用）；fee（付给专业人员的）工作酬金、服务费、小费等；tuition学费，培训费。句意：在西安的市中心，房租要比这个城市内其他地段的房租贵得多。依据句意理解，则只有cost（成本，费用）符合题意。
答案：A
名师点金：cost的用法
⑴cost
①作动词，意为“花费（主语一般为事物）”；作名词，意为“成本，代价”；
②sth. costs (sb.) money 某物花费某人多少钱；
③it costs (sb.) money to do sth. 做某事花某人多少钱（it作形式主语）；
④cost不用于被动语态；
⑤at the cost of 以……为代价；
⑥at all costs 不惜任何代价；
How much did the book cost you 这本书花了你多少钱？
It cost me $399 to buy a computer. 花了我399美元买了一台电脑。
A new road is needed, but the costs to the environment would be too high. 建一条新路是有必要的，可对环境的破坏太大。
We’re organizing a trip to London, at a cost of ￡15 per person. 我们要组织去伦敦旅行，每个人的费用是15英镑。
⑵spend
①作动词，意为“花费，度过（主语为人）”；
②sb. spends time/money on sth. 某人在……花费时间（金钱）；
③sb. spends time /money in doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事（in可以省略）；
⑶take
①作动词，意为“花费”（主语可以为人或物，常见于it作形式主语；常用于花费时间，而不是金钱）；
②It takes sb. time to do sth. 花费某人时间来做某事；
③sb. takes time to do sth.某人花费时间来做某事；
④sth. takes (sb.) time…某事花费某人……时间；⑤take-took-taken；
⑷pay作动词，意为“支付，付款”；作形容词，意为“工资，薪金”；
①pay for sth.为……付费
②pay sb. for sth.因…给某人支付费用
③pay money for sth.为……支付费用；
④pay sb. to do sth.付费给某人来做某事
⑤pay off付清，还清（债务）
⑥pay back 偿还（债务）
⑦pay out money for sth.为……支付大笔款项
⑧pay in cash用现金支付；
【比较：pay by check用支票付款；pay by credit card用信用卡付款；】
原文对照：It took six years to build and cost US$20 billion.
考点搜索3：work out的用法
【例3】I know you’re not happy with things right now, but I’m sure everything will ______ itself _______.
A. pick ; out B. put ; out C. make ; out D. work ; out
解析：考查动词短语辨析：pick out辨认出，挑选；put out出版，熄灭；make out看出，辨认出，听出；work out（问题）解决，计算出，锻炼；句意：我知道你现在诸事都不如意，但我相信一切问题都会自行解决。依据句意理解，则选项D符合题意。
答案：D
名师点金：work out的用法
⑴计算出（答案、数量、价格等）
Use the chart to work out how much tax you have to pay. 用这张表算出你要交多少税。
⑵（费用、价格、成本）总计为
Taking the train works out more expensive than going by car. 算起来坐火车去比开汽车去的花费更大。
⑶解决（问题）
We can’t work out how to get the Internet connection going. 我们不知道怎样连通因特网。
⑷（尤指定期的）锻炼，健身
He works out with weights twice a week. 他每星期举重健身两次。
⑸精心制定（计划、方案等）
I haven’t worked out who’s going to look after the kids tonight.
我还没有计划好今晚让谁去照顾孩子们。
⑹理解，弄明白
I can’t tell you the answer-work it out for yourself. 我不能告诉你答案—你自己去弄清楚。
⑺结果是，证明是
Things worked out pretty well in the end. 结果事情很顺利。
⑻与out相关的短语
①set out 出发，动身；着手做某事 ②pick out 挑选，分辨出
③act out 把…表演出来，把……付诸行动 ④turn out 结果是……，证明是……
⑤go out 出去，熄灭 ⑥put out 出版，扑灭
⑦look/watch out 小心，提防 ⑧find out弄明白，查明，找出
⑨leave out 省去，遗漏，不考虑 ⑩run out 耗尽，用光
stand out 突出，显眼， 远远超过某人(物) break out 爆发，发生
point out指出，指明
give out 发布，公布；发出（光、热等）；用完，耗尽，筋疲力尽
原文对照：Try to work out what kind of word it is noun, adjective, verb, etc.
考点搜索4：include的用法
【例4】My morning routine ________ jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.
A. includes B. hold C. contain D. accommodates
解析：考查动词词义辨析：include包括，包含；hold容纳；contain含有，装有；accommodate容纳，提供住宿，为……提供空间。依据句意理解，则选项A符合题意。
答案：A
名师点金：include/contain的用法
⑴include作动词，意为“包括，包含”；（侧重包含的范围）
①including sb./sth. 包括……在内（表主动，在句中作状语）
②sb./sth. included ……被包括在内（表被动，在句中作状语）
The band played many songs, including some of my favorites.
= The band played many songs, some of my favorites included.
乐队演奏了许多歌曲，包括几首我最喜爱的。
⑵contain作动词，意为“含有，装有，容纳”；（侧重包含的内容）
Sea water contains salt. 海水含有盐分。
⑶hold作动词，意为“容纳”；（侧重容纳的能力）
The hall can contain/hold five hundred students.
这个大厅能容纳500名学生。
原文对照：The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China and the project has flooded some of China’s most famous historical sites, including the Qu Yuan Temple, the Han Watchtower and the Maya Cliff carvings.
点金测评·创新训练
【基础巩固 全面训练】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. Slavery was abolished in America after the C_________ War in the 19th century.
2. The t_________(期终) examinations will be held in early May.
3. The o_________ painting is in a museum in Vienna.
4. The hotel can a_________ 600 guests.
5. 75% of France’s electricity is g_________ by nuclear reactors
6. Mr. Thompson gave all the_________ (历史) papers of his grandfather to the public library according to his grandfather’s will.
7. This _________（狭窄）highway should be broadened.
8. Some scientists are working hard at how tide can be _________（利用）to produce electricity.
9. The little boy who was running slipped down, because the floor was too _________（光滑）.
10. Three children were _________ （开除）from the school for their bad behavior.
Ⅱ.短语翻译
provide …for… _______________________
date from _______________________
of all time _______________________
work out _______________________
dream of _______________________
now that _______________________
hold back _______________________
come true _______________________
be equal to _______________________
more than 多于，不仅仅
_______________________ 讲得通，有意义
_______________________ 最后……的时候
_______________________ 充满
_______________________ 没什么，一点儿也不
_______________________ 删除，取消
_______________________ 偏爱做某事；
_______________________ 上升，上涨
_______________________ 在访问中
_______________________ 使……结束
_______________________ 一路上
Ⅲ.单项选择
31. The schools in the flooded areas were__________ with free books by the government.
A. given B. offered C. provided D. supplying
32. According to __________ records, this small town used to be a __________ one in military.
A. historic; historical B. historic; historic
C. historical; historic D. historical; historical
33. Every year, a great many visitors come to visit the temple __________ the 12th century, __________has brought a large income.
A. dating from; which B. dated from; which
C. which dates from; that D. which dated from; which
34.-Is that hall big enough We have at least 200 guests.
-Sure. That’s a hall which can__________400 people.
A. consist B. include C. involve D. accommodate
35. This area is rich in coal so habitants use tons of coal to__________ electricity.
A. offer B. create C. bring D. generate
36. It is said that he has been __________ from the post of secretary of the manger.
A. removed B. reduced C. moved D. changed
37.-Have you found out why she is so upset these days
-Not yet. She__________ and doesn’t want to tell me.
A. holds it up B. holds it on C. holds it back D. holds it in
38. The big building __________construction will be a shopping mall in the city.
A. in B. under C. over D. during
39. I bought an English dictionary and it__________ me 50 Yuan.
A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid
40.-Haven’t you carried out the new plan
-No. He suggested the plan__________ further.
A. was discussed B. to be discussed C. discussing D. be discussed
Ⅳ.选词填空
suggest date back to come true hold back equal submerge
41.He came to my class every week，but his attitude ___________he was not really interested in the subject.
42.The custom ___________ the 8th century when people knew little about the earth where they lived.
43.To her delight, her wish ___________ at last.
44. She is ___________to the job.
45. He ___________ himself in work to try and forget those sufferings.
【综合应用 提高训练】
Ⅰ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1. 传说这项习俗始于宋朝。
It is said that the custom ___________ ___________ the Song Dynasty.
2. 三峡大坝是有史以来最大的工程之一。
The Three Gorges Dam is one of the biggest___________ projects ___________ ___________ ___________.
3. 许多宝贵的历史遗迹被突如其来的洪水淹没了。
Quite a few precious___________ relics were ___________by the sudden floods.
4.是你啊，汤姆。我做梦都没想到会在这里遇见你。
It’s you, Tom! I never ___________ ___________you here.
5. 这个大厅可以容纳五百多人，但是走廊有点窄。
This hall can ___________500 guests, but the corridors are a little bit ___________.
Ⅱ.单句改错
6.This book can provide you all the information you need.
7.The 1989 earthquake in San Francisco was America’s the second strongest earthquake.
8.It is suggested that some changes must be made about the plan for the meeting.
9.He cost 1 500 yuan on the piece of furniture.
10.It is fifteen minutes ride from my home to the post office.
11.You will find the dictionary great value to you in your study.
12.The Three Gorges Dam has cost more than any construction project in history.
13.The first textbooks being written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.
14.The pot contains 54 951 coins dated from the years 260~275AD.
15. There are two buildings, a larger of which stands nearly one hundred feet high.
Ⅲ.完形填空
In traditional education, the teacher may feel that the students are not very grown up. 16 , teachers are older than students. 17 teachers feel that students are 18 and do not know much about the 19 . The teachers feel that they 20 tell the students what to do most of the time, and that they must also 21 the students study specific things. In 22 education, the teachers’ 23 are very different. These teachers feel that the students are 24 first, and students second. They 25 the students to be 26 for the things that they do, just as adults 27 . A student’s ideas and feelings are just as important as the 28 . The teacher 29 the students to decide 30 they want to do, and does not make them study what they do not want 31 . The teacher lets them 32 what to study and how 33 to study. It’s very important for the 34 to show how he or she feels 35 the students.
16.A.Usually B.Indeed C.Besides D.Actually
17.A.and B.however C.still D.yet
18.A.old B.young C.stupid D.clever
19.A.universe B.culture C.world D.knowledge
20.A.can B.must C.may D.will
21.A.force B.ask C.order D.make
22.A.open B.traditional C.strict D.high
23.A.feelings B.interests C.methods D.experiences
24.A.children B.teachers C.adults D.human beings
25.A.refuse B.agree C.hope D.wish
26.A.anxious B.ready C.responsible D.sorry
27.A.are B.do C.will D.would
28.A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers’ D.teacher’s
29.A.allows B.suggests C.refuses D.forbids
30.A.what B.that C.how D.which
31.A.for B.to C.about D.of
32.A.write B.say C.decide D.hope
33.A.much B.well C.hard D.simple
34.A.headmaster B.teacher C.parents D.students
35.A.like B.about C.on D.for
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
The U.S. Department of Labor statistics show that there is an oversupply of college trained workers and that this oversupply is increasing. Already there have been more than enough teachers, engineers, physicists, aerospace experts, and other specialists. Yet colleges and graduate schools continue every year to turn out highly trained people to compete for jobs that aren’t there. The result is that graduates cannot enter the professions for which they were trained and must take temporary jobs which do not require a college degree.
On the other hand, there is a great need for skilled workers of all sorts: carpenters, electricians, mechanics, plumbers, TV repairmen. These people have more work than they can deal with, and their annual incomes are often higher than those of college graduates. The old gap that white —collar workers make a better living than blue collar workers no longer holds true. The law of supply and demand now favors the skilled workmen.
The reason for this situation is the traditional myth that college degree is a passport to a prosperous future. A large part of American society matches success in life equally with a college degree. Parents begin indoctrinating their children with this myth before they are out of grade school. High school teachers play their part by acting as if high school education were a preparation for college rather than for life. Under this pressure the kids fall in line. Whether they want to go to college or not doesn’t matter. Everybody should go to college, so of course they must go. And every year college enrollments go up and up, and more and more graduates are overeducated for the kinds of jobs available to them.
One result of this emphasis on a college education is that many people go to college who do not belong there. Of the sixty percent of high school graduates who enter college, half of them do not graduate with their class. Many of them drop out within the first year. Some struggle on for two or three years and then give up.
36. It’s implied but not stated in the passage that _______.
A. many other countries are facing the same problem
B. white-collar workers in the US used to make more money than blue-collar workers
C. fewer students will prefer to go to college in the future
D. the law of supply and demand has a strong effect on American higher education
37. Which of the following is NOT a reason why college enrollments go up every year？
A. Many people believe that the only way to success is a college education.
B. Many parents want their children to go to college.
C. High school teachers urge their students to go to college.
D. Every young man and woman wants to go to college.
38. By saying that “many people go to college who do not belong there”, the author means that _______.
A. many people who are not fit for college education go to college
B. many people who do not have enough money go to college
C. many people who go to college drop out within the first year
D. many people who go to college have their hopes destroyed
39. We can infer from the passage that the author believes that _______.
A. every young man and woman should go to college
B. college education is a bad thing
C. people with a college education should receive higher pay
D. fewer people should go to college while more should be trained for skilled jobs
B
There aren’t many nursery rhymes(儿歌) about astronomy. But “twinkle twinkle little star” makes a useful point. We can tell which lights in the night sky are stars because they appear to twinkle. Planets, ____________, don’t, they shine steadily in the sky.
Stars twinkle because they are very far away, and so appear as tiny points of light in our night sky. Some of this light is absorbed by moving air in the Earth’s atmosphere, making the star appear to sparkle.
Planets, like Saturn or Jupiter, don’t sparkle. This is because they are a lot closer to the Earth and so they look bigger in our sky than stars.
Rather than being points of light, planets are small discs. As their light is more spread out, even if some of it is absorbed by our atmosphere, some of the light still filters（透过）through, so the planet doesn’t twinkle. This means that you can tell the difference between a planet and a star without even needing a telescope, just by seeing if it twinkles!
Weighing a star
As for “wondering what they are”, starlight also contains an extraordinary amount of information that can answer that very question.
Weighing a star isn’t as difficult as it sounds as you don’t need a huge set of cosmic scales（天平）, just one equation. The more massive a star is, the more energy it gives off. So first of all, astronomers measure the star’s “luminosity”（发光度）, the rate at which it gives out energy. Then they can work out its mass.
40. What’s the first part mainly about (Please answer within 10 words.)
______________________________________________________________________________.
41. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one
You can weigh a star easily just using an equation.
______________________________________________________________________________.
42. Please fill in the blank in the first paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 5 words.)
______________________________________________________________________________.
43. Why doesn’t the planet twinkle (Please answer within 30 words.)
______________________________________________________________________________.
44. Please translate the underlined sentences in the second paragraph into Chinese.
______________________________________________________________________________.
Section Ⅱ Grammar & Writing
考点搜索1：sense的用法
【例1】Dogs have a very good __________ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.
A. sense B. view C. means D. idea
解析：考查名词词义辨析：sense感官，感觉；view观点，看法；means方法；idea主意，想法。句意：狗有很好的嗅觉，常常用于搜寻地震中的幸存者。
依据句意理解，则选项A符合题意。
答案：A
【例2】-Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program (2010安徽)
-____________, does it
A. It takes no time B. It counts for nothing
C. It doesn’t hurt to ask D. It doesn’t make sense
解析：考查情景交际：选项A，意为“只是花一会儿的功夫。”；选项B，意为“它毫无价值，算不了什么。”；选项C，意为“做某事不会有什么害处或不便。”；选项D，意为“这没什么意义。”；句意：—你知道琳达是否愿意负责这个项目计划？ —问一下她也没什么不便，不是吗？
答案：C
名师点金：sense的用法
⑴sense作名词，意为“感觉，感官”；
①make sense有意义，讲得通
②make sense of弄明白
③in a sense在某种意义上
④in no sense决不
⑤a sense of humor/responsibility 幽默感/责任感
What he said makes no sense. 他所说的毫无意义。
Can you make sense of this article 你能弄懂这篇文章的意思吗？
⑵sensitive作形容词，意为“敏感的”；
She is very sensitive about being overweight, so don't mention it.
她对自己体重超常非常敏感，所以别提这事。
⑶sensible作形容词，意为“明智的”；
He gave me a lot of sensible suggestions. 他给了我许多明智的建议。
原文对照：If you take away the attributive clauses, do the sentences still make sense
考点搜索2：the last time的用法
【例3】I remember that __________we met I did most of the talking, so perhaps I should let you do the talking this time.
A. the last time B. for the last time C. every time when D. by the time
解析：考查时间状语从句的引导词：the last time作连词，意为“最后一次……的时候”；for the last time作介词短语，意为“最后一次”；every time作连词，意为“每次……的时候，每当……的时候”；by the time 作连词，意为“截止到……时候”。句意：我记得上次见面时主要是我说话，所以或许这次我应该让你说了。依据句意理解，则选择连词the last time符合题意。
答案：A
【例4】（2009陕西）This is the first time we_________ a film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen
解析：考查句型结构：This/That/It is the first time that…，若be动词为is，则that从句用现在完成时；若be动词为was，则that从句用过去完成时。依据句型结构，则选项D符合题意。
答案：D
【例5】（2009辽宁）It’s the first time that he has been to Australia, __________
A. isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it
解析：考查句型结构“This/That/It is the first time that…”的反意疑问句，其反意疑问句部分的构成需要依据主句的主语和谓语来决定。
答案：C
名师点金：引导时间状语从句的特殊结构
⑴the moment, the instant, the minute, hardly…when…, scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…, immediately 一……就……
I understood everything the minute I saw her face.
I recognized him immediately I saw him.
我一看到他，就立刻认出他了。
我一看到她的脸，就一切都明白了。
⑵the + 序数词 +time
He was writing a letter the first time I saw him.
我第一次看到他时，他正在写信。
⑶the next time 下次
The next time you are here, let’s have supper together.
下次你到这儿来时，咱们一起吃晚饭。
⑷each/every time每次，每当……的时候
Each time I see you, I will remember the happy time we spent together.
每次我见到你的时候，我都会想起我们在一起度过的美好时光。
⑸the first time / for the first time
①the first time作连词，意为“第一次”，引导时间状语从句；
I fell in love with her the first time I saw her.
我第一次见到她，就爱上了她。
②for the first time作介词短语，意为“第一次，首次”；
He got full marks in English examination for the first time.
他第一次在英语考试中得到了满分。
③It is/was the first time that has+过去分词/had+过去分词；
It is the first time that I have spoken in public.
这是我第一次在公众场合讲话。
It was the second time that he had been to Beijing alone.
这是他第二次独自一人到北京。
原文对照：What had changed since the last time she was there
考点搜索3：prefer的用法
【例6】We would ________ to live in the US, but I can’t get a visa.
A. prefer B. offer C. present D. provide
解析：考查动词词义辨析：prefer to do sth.喜欢做某事；offer to do sth.主动提出做某事；present sb. sth.=present sth. to sb.赠送某物给某人；provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物；句意：我很喜欢住在美国，但是我却不能得到签证。依据句意以及动词搭配习惯，则选项A符合题意。
答案：A
【例7】(2010湖北)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them.
A. in preference to B. in place of
C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
解析：考查介词短语辨析：in preference to而不是；in place of取代，代替；in agreement with同意，与……保持一致；in exchange for作为……的交换。句意：作为政府官员，因为给人民做了好事就向他们索要礼物或金钱，这是非法的。依据句意理解，则选项D符合题意。
答案：D
名师点金：prefer的用法
⑴prefer作动词，意为“喜欢，偏好”；
①prefer to do sth. 喜欢做某事
②prefer sth. to sth. 宁愿……而不愿……（两者比较，更偏爱前者）
③prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿……而不愿……
Jack prefers to drink tea.
杰克喜欢喝茶。
He prefers staying at home to going to the boring movie.
他宁愿呆在家里，也不愿去看那场令人厌烦的电影。
I prefer to go out for a walk rather than stay here. 我宁愿出去散步，也不愿呆在家里。
⑵preference作名词，意为“偏爱，喜欢”；
①have/show a preference for 喜爱，喜欢……
②in preference to而不是
Parents should not show a preference for any one of their children.
父母不应该流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。
原文对照：There are many people who prefer to live in villages.
点金测评·创新训练
【基础巩固 全面训练】
Ⅰ.单项选择
1. I have many friends, ________ some are businessmen.
A. of whom B. from which
C. who of D. of who
2. Jim passed the driving test, ________ surprised everybody in the office.
A. which B. that
C. this D. it
3. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places,________ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which
C. where D. when
4. The famous basketball star, ________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when
C. which D. who
5. Have you seen the film Titanic, ________ leading actor is world famous
A. its B. it's
C. whose D. which
6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
7. She heard a terrible noise, ________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which
C. this D. that
8. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen ZhouⅤ was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; which B. that; which
C. which; that D. when; that
9. This is the book I bought yesterday, ________ I spent 8 yuan.
A. in which B. for which
C. on which D. at which
10. There are two buildings, ________ stands nearby a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
Ⅱ.完成句子
11. ______________________ (众所周知), the moon travels around the earth once every month.
12. Jack has won the first prize, ______________________ (像往常一样).
13. York, ______________________ (我参观的) last year, is a nice old city.
14. Lucy and I made an appointment of an interview on Sunday afternoon, ______________________（到那时）I would be free.
15. She gave another piece of advice, ______________________ (我认为) is of great help to the research work.
【综合应用 提高训练】
Ⅰ.选词填空
advantage project disappear extra
create mainly transport modern
1.Her teaching experience gives her an advantage when working with children.
2.The university has set up a new research project to study language development in babies.
3.We need extra space for guests.
4.We spent four days there - mainly visiting family.
5.We will need a big truck to transport all the boxes.
6.The letter I had left on my desk had disappeared.
7.The government plans create more jobs.
8.We should replace the equipment with something more modern.
Ⅱ.句型转换
9. He is a good comrade with whom you can work.
→He is a good comrade ________ ________ ________.
10. The meeting, which was held in the park, was attended by 1,000 people.
→The meeting was attended by 1,000 people, ________ ________ was held in the park.
11. I don't like the boy, since he is very lazy.
→I don't like the boy, ________ is very lazy.
12. Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods and people are still suffering from its effects.
→Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, ________ ________ effects people are still suffering.
13. Small computers need small amount of power. That means you use less electricity.
→Small computers need small amount of power, ________ means you use less electricity.
Ⅲ.书面表达
假定由你负责接待一个外国旅游团。请你拟定一篇发言稿向游客介绍南京。要点如下：
⑴位于中国东南部，是江苏省省会，人口约500万；
⑵有2,400多年历史，曾有10个朝代在此建都；
⑶很美，有许多名胜，如玄武湖、鸡鸣寺、石头城等，还有许多现代化的工厂和高大的楼房；
⑷最近几年正经历巨大的变革，人民过着幸福的生活， 明天会更美好。
⑸字数：120-150。
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Section Ⅲ Cultural Corner
知识整合·能力聚焦
考点搜索1：strike的用法
【例1】I was about to give up my effort to work on the puzzle when a good idea _________ me.
A. beat B. struck C. attack D. catch
解析：考查动词词义辨析：a good idea strikes me意为“我突然想起了一个好主意”；beat（连续地、反复地）击打；attack攻击，袭击；catch抓住。依据句意与词汇惯用法，则选项B符合题意。
答案：B
【例2】（2009全国I）Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to ______ them too hard.
A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push
解析：考查动词词义辨析：draw 绘画；拖、拉；打平手；strike击打，罢工，划燃<火柴等>，打动<某人>，突然攻击；rush急速行进，猛冲，仓促行事；push推，推动；按下<开关、按钮等>；挤，推挤；鼓励，力劝<某人做其不想做的事>；推销，兜售<观点、意见等>；句意：鼓励孩子们尝试新的事情，但尽力不要使劲地督促他们。依据句意理解，则选项D符合题意。
答案：D
名师点金：strike的用法
⑴strike作动词，意为“击打、打动、罢工、划燃”；（可以用来表示精神上的打击，或表示主意的想出、对某物的吸引、疾病或灾难的侵袭）
①be struck by 为……所袭击，为……所触动；
②It strikes me that… 我觉得……，我的印象是……；
③How does it strike you 你有什么看法吗？
He was struck by lightning. 他被闪电击中了。
The clock strikes twelve. 时钟敲了12点。
The workers were striking because they wanted more money.
工人们在罢工，因为他们要求增加工资。
The boy struck a match to light a cigarette.
那个小男孩划火柴，点燃了一根烟。
It struck me that there was no one at home.
我突然想起家里没有人。
⑵strike作名词，意为“罢工、攻击”；
①be/go on strike举行罢工
②air strike 空袭
⑶beat/hit/strike
①beat意为“击打”，侧重连续地、反复地打，其后常接“人”作宾语；
②hit意为“打击、打、碰撞”，侧重对目标重重地一击；
③strike意为“打击、袭击”，侧重用手或手中的东西给予一次的打击或无目的的打击；
原文对照：Lightning strikes the Empire State Building about 500 times a year.
考点搜索2：prepare的用法
【例3】We have already started __________ Tom and Mary’s wedding party.
A. ready B. getting ready to C. preparing for D. preparation
解析：考查动词短语prepare for（为……做准备）；get/be ready to do sth.准备来做某事，愿意做某事；preparation作名词，意为“准备，预备”；ready作形容词，意为“准备的”；句意：我们已经开始为汤姆和玛丽的婚礼做准备了。依据句意理解，则选项C符合题意。
答案：C
名师点金：prepare的用法
⑴prepare作动词，意为“准备，预备”；
①prepare for为……做准备
②prepare sb. for sth. 让某人为……做好准备
③prepare to do sth.准备做某事
④be prepared to do sth. 准备做某事
⑤be prepared for = be/get ready for为……做好准备
Will you please help me prepare for the party
你能不能帮我为聚会做准备吗？
The teacher makes the students prepare for the coming exams.
老师让学生为即将到来的考试做好准备。
Being busy preparing a report for the boss, I hardly had any time to take care of my child.
因忙于给老板准备一份报告，我几乎没有时间照顾孩子。
⑵preparation作名词，意为“准备，预备”；
①make preparations for 为……做好准备
②be in preparation for为……做好准备
The school is making preparations for its 50th anniversary.
这所学校正在准备该校的50年校庆。
⑶注意：prepare for, prepare…for…, prepare to do sth., make preparations for…强调“准备”的动作；be prepared for, be prepared to do sth.强调“准备”的状态。
原文对照：Preparing a news bulletin about changes that have taken place in your region.
考点搜索3：imagine的用法
【例4】I didn’t imagine __________ a writer in my childhood.
A. become B. became C. becomes D. becoming
解析：考查动词imagine的用法，其后接名词或动名词，则选择C项符合题意。
答案：D
【例5】(2010上海)That is the only way we can imagine ___________ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A. reducing B. to reduce
C. reduced D. reduce
解析：分析句子结构可知，we can imagine为定语从句，省略关系代词that，修饰先行词the only way，不定式作后置定语。本题目易误选A项，认为imagine后接动名词作宾语。依据句意理解，则选项B符合题意。
答案：B
名师点金：imagine的用法
⑴imagine作动词，意为“料想，想象”；
①imagine + 名词
②imagine + 动名词
③imagine + one’s doing sth.
④imagine +从句
Can you imagine life without electricity 你能想像没有电的生活吗？
He had never imagined that digging would be such hard work. 他从来也没想到挖掘工作如此困难。
You can imagine what the newspapers would do if they ever found out about this. 要是报界发现了这件事，你可以想象他们会做什么。
Nobody can imagine her doing such a terrible thing.
没有人能想到她能做出这样可怕的事。
⑵imagination作名词，意为“想象，想象力”；imaginary作形容词，意为“想象的，虚构的”；imaginable作形容词，意为“可想象的”。
原文对照：Imagine that you are preparing the news item for a foreign audience who need extra information.
考点搜索4：add的用法
【例6】The engines of the ship was out of order and the bad weather ________ the helplessness of the crew at sea.
A. added to B. resulted from
C. turned out D. made up
解析：考查动词短语辨析：add to增加，增添；turn out结果是，证明是；result from因…而产生，发生；由…而造成；make up组成，打扮；编造<说法、解释等>；补上，补回<时间、工作等>；句意：轮船的发动机出了故障，而且恶劣的天气增添了船员在大海上的无助。
答案：A
名师点金：add的用法
⑴add作动词，意为“增加，增添，补充说”；
①add up把……加起来
②add up to总计；总的来说；
③add…to… 把……加到……
④add to增添，增进（to为介词，其后宾语多为困难、欢乐等抽象名词）
I have added two names to the list. 我在名单中加上了两个名字。
They’ve added two major companies to their list of clients. 他们已经把两家大公司加入他们的客户名单。The costs added up to $500. 各种成本总计为500美元。
I should add that I am not happy about this decision. 我得再说一句，我并不喜欢这个决定。
That trip added greatly to her understanding and knowledge of the country. 那次旅行大大加深了她对那个国家的了解和认识。
⑵addition作名词，意为“增加物，添加”；
①in addition意为“此外”；
②in addition to= besides = as well as = aside from = apart from除了……之外（还有）；
You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence. ( file: / / / C:\\Program%20Files\\Youdao\\Dict\\resultui\\queryresult.html" \o "点击发音 )
你需要钱和时间，除此之外，你还需要努力。
In addition to income tax, some states charge sales tax.
除了收入所得税外，有些州还要收购物税。
⑶additional作形容词，意为“额外的，附加的”；
原文对照：Add extra information when you refer to Chinese people and places.
点金测评·创新训练
【基础巩固 全面训练】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.He is considered the famous British artist of this c____________.
2.An earthquake d____________ the town.
3.This website is under c____________.
4.Workers are s____________ for higher pay.
5.Today is really f____________. I can't see anything. ( file: / / / C:\\Program%20Files\\Youdao\\Dict\\resultui\\queryresult.html" \o "点击发音 )
Ⅱ.单项选择
6. We can put off our meeting __________tomorrow because of the bad weather.
A. if B. unless C. before D. until
7. A truck went out control and __________ into the back of a bus.
A. put B. run C.go D.crashed
8.An awful thought has just __________me.
A. struck B. hit C. beat D.fight
9. The 16th Asian Games __________successfully in Guangzhou, a city of China.
A. were taken place B. was held C. were held D. had been held
10.The first question was difficult, but the rest__________ pretty easy.
A. were B. was C. is D.are
【综合应用 提高训练】
Ⅰ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1.His dream has __________ __________.
他的梦想实现了。
2.This sentence doesn’t __________ __________.
这个句子毫无意义。
3.His poor education is __________ him __________.
他的教育程度差阻碍了他的发展。
4.It was __________ __________ midnight __________ he went back home after the experiment.
直到午夜他做完试验回到家。
5.Ten people were killed in the accident, two children __________.
在这次事故中，十人死亡，其中包括两名孩子。
Ⅱ.句型转换
6.A new bridge over the river is now being constructed.
→A new bridge over the river is __________ __________.
7.The Three Gorges Dam has ended the danger of flooding.
→The Three Gorges Dam has __________ __________ __________ __________ the danger of flooding.
8.She may go with us provided she arrives on time.
→She may go with us __________ __________ __________ she arrives on time.
9.In fact, the second tallest building in the US is more than 75 years old.
→__________ __________ __________ __________ __________, the second tallest building in the US is __________ 75 years old.
10.It strikes me that the man was not telling the truth.
→__________ __________ __________ me that the man was not telling the truth.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
The temple stands near the city. It dated from 11. __________
1961 and is 50 meters in high. It is one of the most 12. __________
famous temple in the country and about 5,000 tourists 13. __________
come to visit every year. Five years ago, it was decided 14. __________
to repair the temple, but this work was completed last 15. __________
year. The ground floor has been complete painted, and 16. __________
the roof, too. All the rooms have protected from birds 17. __________
by fixing wires across the windows. Trees and flowers 18. __________
have been planted in around the temple. We believe, 19. __________
in a few years, the temple will take on new look. 20. __________
Ⅳ.对话填空
A: Hi, Phil, can you tell me how it happened
B: Sure. I was climbing mountain in New Hampshire in 2009. S____21_____ the weather became
really bad. There was a lot of snow and we couldn’t see anything. We got l____22_____. Well, we spent four days on the mountain. The 23 temperature was 20 degrees below zero. We didn’t have any equipped or food.
A: So what happened I guess someone found you, r___24______
B: Yes, but we were very sick. I couldn’t move my legs because of the cold. I s____25___ two months in the hospital. The doctors r____26___ my legs.
A: So you lost your legs, but you want to try your best to s____27____ active.
B: That’s right. In fact, I decided to make some new legs for myself. I realize that no one has to be p____28______ disabled. We can use modern t_____29____ to help us.
A: And you built these great new legs. Can you go climbing mountain again
B: Yes, I can. In fact, these are better than climb shoes. The spring design means they are much more p___30______.
Module 6 Old and New
Section Ⅰ Introduction, Reading and Vocabulary ＆ Function
点金测评·创新训练
【基础巩固 全面训练】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Civil
2.terminal
3.original
4.accommodate
5.generated
6.historical
7.narrow
8.harnessed
9. smooth
10. removed
Ⅱ.短语翻译
向……提供
追溯到……
有史以来
计算出，锻炼身体，解决
梦想到
既然
阻止，抑制，隐瞒
（梦想等）实现
相当于，胜任，等于
多于，不仅仅
make sense
the last time
be full of
not…at all
cross out
prefer to do sth.
go up
be on a visit
bring an end to
all the way
Ⅲ.单项选择
31.C 四个选项中，只有provide从意思到形式都正确；虽然supply可与with搭配，但此处形式不对，故选C。
32. C historical表示“有关历史的”；historic表示“有历史意义的”。
33. A date from意为“起源于”，用一般现在时，无被动语态；逗号后面是非限制性定语从句，不能用that。
34. D accommodate意为“容纳”；consist 意为“由……组成”；include 意为“包括”；involve意为“涉及”。
35. D 根据语境，应该是人们用煤来发电，generate electricity表示“发电”；offer，create，bring和electricity搭配没有“发电“的意思。
36.A be removed from 意为“免除”，符合语境。
37.C hold back表示“抑制（情感）；隐瞒（事实）“，符合语境。hold up举起；hold on 继续；hold in 约束。
38. B under construction表示“在建设中”，固定词组。
39. C cost, take, spend, pay都有“花费”的意思，但cost需要用物作主语；take用it作形式主语；spend，pay用人作主语。
40. D suggest当“建议”讲，引导that从句时，用虚拟语气，形式为：suggest to sb. that (should) do sth。
Ⅳ.选词填空
41. suggested
42. dates back to
43. came true
44. equal
45. submerged
【综合应用 提高训练】
Ⅰ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1. dates from
2. engineering ; of all time
3. historical; submerged
4.dream of
5. accommodate ; narrow
Ⅱ.单句改错
6. 在all前加with
7. 去掉第二个the
8. 去掉must
9. cost→spent
10. minutes→minutes’
11. 在great前加of
12. any后加other
13. 去掉being
14. dated→dating
15. a→the
Ⅲ.完形填空
16.A 由常理可知，“通常”教师比学生年龄大。
17.A and 在句中起承上启下的连接作用。
18.B 根据上文中的the students are not very grown up 和teachers are older than students可知，教师觉得学生“年轻”。
19.C B、D所指范围较小，不能概全；A不合习惯说法。
20.B 从and that they must also…中可得到暗示。
21.D 另三个动词后接不定式作宾补时，须带to。
22.A 与首句形成对比。根据语境不难排除另三项。
23.C 根据下文可知，教师的教学“方法”不同了。
24.D B、C与事实不符；A与上文意义相悖。这句话体现了人本主义教学观。
25.D 根据句意排除A；另B、C不能接sb. to do，也应舍去。
26.C 根据just as adults … 可推知，这些教师希望学生对自己的所作所为“负责”。
27.A 该从句的谓语应由be responsible for 决定。
28.D 比较的对象应同类，即student’s ideas与teacher’s ideas比较。
29.A 根据句意排除C、D，根据词的用法排除B。
30.A 后一分句已再现了同样的结构。
31.B to 在这里是不定式符号，其后省了动词study。
32.C 第29题已呈现了同样的结构。
33.A 凭语感和常识可判断出。
34.B 根据上文和句末的the students 可选定。
35.B 根据搭配和文意决定。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
36. B 推断题。阅读全文可知 A、C 原文没有提到，D 在原文已明确提到，再根据 The old gap that white-collar workers make a better living than blue collar workers no longer holds true. The law of supply and demand now favors the skilled workmen 可推知在人们的眼中，白领工人以前比蓝领工人赚钱多，故 B 为正确选项。
37. D 细节题。根据 Whether they want to go to college or not doesn’t matter. Everybody should go to college, so of course they must go 可知上大学不是出于学生本意，而是出于父母及学校等方面的压力，可见 D 不是大学入学人数增加的原因。
38. A 推断题。 根据最后一段 Of the sixty percent of high school graduates who enter college, half of them do not graduate with their class. Many of them drop out within the first year. Some struggle on for two or three years and then give up 可知作者列举了三种情况，说明有些人不适合大学教育，故选A。
39. D 推断题。阅读全文可知作者通过调查告诉人们大学教育人才过多，而技术工人又非常缺乏，因而待遇反而更高；接着又分析了造成这种状况的传统观念；最后还谈到了很多上了大学却因种种原因无法完成学业，所有这些都在暗示人们上大学的人应该减少，而参加技术工作培训的人应该增多，故选D。
40. The difference between stars and planets
41. Weighing a star isn’t as difficult as it sounds as you don’t need a huge set of cosmic scales, just one equation
42. on the other hand/ however
43. Because the planet’s light is more spread out, even if some of it is absorbed by our atmosphere, some of the light still filters through.
44.这种光有一些被地球大气层中运动的空气所吸收，结果使恒星看起来在闪烁。
Section Ⅱ Grammar & Writing
点金测评·创新训练
【基础巩固 全面训练】
Ⅰ.单项选择
1. A 考查定语从句中介词+关系代词，先行词是指“人”，关系代词作宾语。
2.A 考查非限制性定语从句，关系代词作主语，指代“Jim passed the driving test”这件事。
3. C 考查定语从句关系代词与关系副词的选择，先行词指地点，故用关系副词where。
4. D 考查非限制性定语从句，先行词指“人”，关系代词作主语，故选择D项。
5. C 考查定语从句，先行词作定语。
6. B 考查定语从句中“介词+关系代词”的用法，即the price of which = whose price。
7. B 考查非限制性定语从句，关系代词作主语，指代“She heard a terrible noise”这件事。
8. A 考查定语从句关系代词与关系副词的选择，第一个横线后的句子“完整”，依此判断缺少关系副词；而第二个横线处作主语，先行词代指“我不会忘记神州六号被发射的那天” 这件事。
9. C 考查定语从句中“介词+关系代词”的用法，从句表达完整为“I spent 8 Yuan on the book”，故选项C符合题意。
10.D 考查定语从句中“介词+关系代词”的用法，横线处缺少作主语的关系代词，从句补充完整为：the larger of two buildings stands nearby a hundred feet high.
Ⅱ.完成句子
11. As is known to everybody / all
12. as often happens / as usual
13. which I visited
14. by which time
15. which I think
【综合应用 提高训练】
Ⅰ.选词填空
1. advantage
2. project
3. extra
4. mainly
5. transport
6. disappeared
7. create
8. modern
Ⅱ.句型转换
9. to work with
10. and it
11. who
12. from whose
13. which
Ⅲ.书面表达
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our city.
I’d like to tell you something about our city. Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province, lies in the southeast of China. It has a population of about 5 million. The city has a history of more than 2,400 years, and was once the capitals of ten dynasties. It is a very beautiful city with a lot of places of interest, such as the Xuanwu Lake, the Jiming Temple and the Stone City. It also has many modern factories and high buildings.
Great changes have taken place in Nanjing in recent years. People here are living a comfortable and happy life. It will be better tomorrow. I’m sure you will have a good time here.
Thank you for your listening.
Section Ⅲ Cultural Corner
点金测评·创新训练
【基础巩固 全面训练】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. century
2. destroyed
3. construction
4. striking
5. foggy
Ⅱ.单项选择（必选题型）、
6. D 句意：由于糟糕的天气，我们不得不把会议推迟到明天。依据句意理解，考查until作为介词的用法。unless除非。
7. D 考查动词词义，依据and前面的went判断，时态保持一致，故排除B、C两项。
crash into意为“闯入，撞到……上”；put into意为“投入到……，把……放进……”；run into意为“偶遇，撞到……”。
8.A 考查动词辨析：strike意为“突然想起……”；hit意为“打，击打，撞击”；beat意为“打，打败”；fight意为“打架，斗争”。
9. C 考查“举行，发生”的用法，take place举行，发生（该词组无被动语态）；hold举行；依据主语的复数形式，则谓语动词用were held。
10.A 考查主谓一致，在本题目中，the rest 代表复数概念，故依据前后时态一致，则选项A符合题意。
【综合应用 提高训练】
Ⅰ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1. come true
2. make sense
3. holding ; back
4. not until ; that
5. included
Ⅱ.句型转换
6.under construction
7.brought an end to
8.on condition that
9.As a matter of fact; about
10.It occurs to
Ⅲ. 短文改错
11. dated→dates
12. 去掉in
13. temple→temples
14. visit 后加 it
15. but→and
plete→completely
17. have 后加 been
18. √
19. 去掉 in
20. on 后加 a
Ⅳ.对话填空
21. Suddenly 22. lost 23. temperature 24. right 25. spent
26. removed 27. stay 28. physically 29. technology 30. powerful