外研社必修四module 4 great scientists单元测试卷
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| 名称 | 外研社必修四module 4 great scientists单元测试卷 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2011-07-13 17:20:31 | ||
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Module 4 Great Scientists
单元评估卷
（时间：120分 满分：150分）
第Ⅰ卷（选择题,共105分）
第一部分 听力
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节,满分35分）
第一节 单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21.His son is seriously ill. So this is the first time that he________ the school meeting.
A. didn’t attend B. hasn’t attended C. hadn’t attended D. doesn’t attend
22.-Is my work OK
-________You are always doing a good job.
A. Well done! B. Never mind. C. It depends. D. Good luck!
23.Credit cards have largely ________ money，for they are widely accepted everywhere.
A. exchanged B. reduced C. replaced D. developed
24.It has been two years since this party________. Many people wonder whether it will stay on.
A. has been in power B. has come to power
C. took office D. came to power
25.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers
-The key________ the problem is to meet the demand________ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
26.My friend Martin had a high fever；________, he could neither eat nor sleep.
A. otherwise B. after all C. any way D. as a result
27.She will stop showing off if no notice ________of her.
A. is taken B. takes C. will be taken D. has taken
28.All walks of life made caring donation to the ________of the deadly earthquake in Sichuan.
A. victims B. companions C. fellows D. colleagues
29.When my son Jesse was in sixth grade，his teacher was ________with breast cancer.
A. caught B. attacked C. diagnosed D. contracted
30.My father enjoys his spare time by reading newspapers or ________to the music.
A. listening B. listens C. to listen D. listen
31.The gentleman went for an ocean voyage and ________his health.
A. built up B. set up C. kept up D. took up
32.The boy managed to ________the burning house, but he couldn't ________punishment because the fire was caused by his playing with matches.
A. escape from; escape B. escape; escape
C. escape; escape from D. escape from; escape from
33.About________of the workers in that steel works________ young people.
A. third fifths; are B.three fifths; is
C. three fifths; are D.third fifth; are
34.Miss Johnson is an able writer，whose first novel ________when she was still at college.
A. is published B. was published C. has been published D. had published
35.The snow lasted a week, ________a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
A. caused B. causing C. to cause D. cause
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分,满分20分）
It is exciting to visit different places. As you____36____you will see beautiful_____37___typical of the region. ____38____, you can meet and make friends with people of different____39____ and races. Finally, you can get to know the customs and living____40____ of the local people. Today people are so fond of____41____ that tourism has become one of the fastest growing industries in most countries.
The____42____reason why people travel is, perhaps, for___43_____. For example, having worked hard throughout the weekdays, people will find a widened trip to the____44____ mountains or beaches for a real relaxation. For____45____ example, spending an annual holiday ____46____ abroad is an especially____47____ experience for those who do not have much of a ____48____ to be away from their homelands. When people____49____ their travel, they will generally feel fresh and____50____, ready to work harder. Traveling is also one of the best means for____51____.You may have read or heard about something, but you can never get a clear picture of it____52____ you see it for yourself. Seeing is believing. Furthermore, if you are a careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the____53____, biology, and history of the places you____54____. No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through traveling. The knowledge acquired from travel, as you will have found in your life, is____55____ valuable than that from any reference book.
36.A.fly B.travel C.go D.grow
37.A.surroundings B.views C.sceneries D.scenes
38.A.And B.Instead C.Therefore D.Besides
39.A.colors B.countries C.skins D.places
40.A.habits B.features C.life D.methods
41.A.tripping B.spending C.touring D.traveling
42.A.main B.most C.mostly D.exact
43.A.a pleasure B.pleasure C.work D.business
44.A.near B.nearby C.distant D.high
45.A.another B.the other C.one D.不填
46.A.to travel B.to work C.living D.traveling
47.A.satisfied B.satisfying C.unpleasant D.terrible
48.A.money B.time C.chance D.hope
49.A.go on B.think about C.return from D.talk of
50.A.tired B.energetic C.strong D.exciting
51.A.sleep B.work C.making friends D.learning
52.A.until B.when C.after D.except
53.A.foreign countries B.foreign people C.foreign customs D.geography
54.A.travel B.tour C.visit D.go
55.A.no more B.no less C.more D.less
第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题,每小题2分,满分40分）
A
When Dr. Robert Metcalf first used a solar cooker, the future changed for millions of Africans. He knew that billions of poor people around the world depend on the use of wood for cooking. As they take more and more firewood from wild areas, they are destroying habitats around the world. Wood collection is one reason why many animals have become endangered.
“But sunshine can be an alternative to fire,” Dr. Metcalf says. Since his first solar cooked meal, he has helped people around the world to use simple new technologies to cook their food.
Each morning in villages across East Africa, small children and their mothers wake up and walk several miles to collect firewood to cook their food. It takes much of the day, and the heavy firewood they carry home on their heads lasts only a few days.
This is why Dr. Metcalf spends each summer in Africa. He teaches women and children in villages how to cook with the sun. So far, more than thirty thousand African families now have solar cookers, and new programs will introduce solar cookers to millions of families.
To find water, women and children may have to walk long distances to dig holes in dry riverbeds or to gather water from streams and shallow wells.
They fill their buckets and carry them home on their heads. The buckets often weigh as much as forty pounds. Not only is finding water hard work, but the water is often contaminated with germs that make people sick.
Dr.Metcalf and others developed a simple, reusable tool that people can use to make sure their water is safe to drink. The tool is called a WAPI, which stands for “Water Pasteurization Indicator.” The pasteurization process is named after Louis Pasteur, who developed it in the 1800s.
56.Why did Metcalf help Africans use solar cookers _________________
A. He wanted to help them to fight poverty.
B. He found it a dangerous job to collect firewood.
C. He realized using firewood is not good for the environment.
D. He realized using solar cookers would save Africans a lot of money.
57.The underlined word “It” in the third paragraph probably refers to “_________________”.
A. Collecting firewood B. Cooking food
C. Cooking with the sun D. Introducing solar cookers
58.Each summer Metcalf stays in Africa to_________________.
A. do research on water
B. take care of sick people
C. spread the technique of using solar cookers
D. find out why some animals are endangered
59.Water Pasteurization Indicator was developed to_________________.
A. kill the bacteria in water B. honor Louis Pasteur
C. make waste water reusable D. dig holes in riverbeds
B
I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt’s house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning.
I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see-the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.
The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost-having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to “the hard times.”
My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.
From my experiences I have learned one important rule: almost all common troubles eventually go away! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.
60.How did the author get to know America _________________
A. From her relatives B. From her mother
C. From books and pictures D. From radio programs
61.Upon leaving for America the author felt _________________.
A. confused B. excited C. worried D. amazed
62.For the first two years in New York, the author_________________.
A. often lost her way B. did not think about her future
C. studied in three different schools D. got on well with her stepfather
63.What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 4 _________________
A. She worked as a translator B. She attended a lot of job interviews
C. She paid telephone bills for her family D. She helped her family with her English
C
The Chinese word “Shanzhai” means a small mountain village, but now it becomes an accepted name for fakes (假货) after “Shanzhai Cellphones” produced by small workshops in southern China became popular in the mainland market over the past two years.
Besides “Shanzhai” electronic products, there are “Shanzhai” movies, “Shanzhai” stars and even a “Shanzhai” Spring Festival Gala, a copy of the 25 year old traditional show presented by CCTV on Chinese Lunar New Year's Eve.
“Shanzhai” has become a culture of its own, symbolizing anything that imitates something famous.
The phenomenon has caused a public debate over whether it is healthy or sick being a copycat.
In southwestern China's Chongqing Municipality, a “Shanzhai” version “Bird's Nest” woven by farmers with bamboo attracts wide attention and the “Shanzhai”?version “Water Cube” is popular with tourists too. Both are copies of the famous Olympics buildings in Beijing.
Xie Xizhang, a literature critic, said that taking the “Shanzhai” Gala as an example, when the traditional CCTV program becomes less and less attractive to the audience, the “Shanzhai” version appears naturally to attract people.
“In spite of its poor techniques and operation, ‘Shanzhai’ culture meets the psychological demands of common people and could be a comfort to their minds,” Xie said.
Tian Huiqun, a professor at Beijing Normal University, said that “Shanzhai” culture never copies classic things, only trendy products. In that sense, it's like a computer virus, multiplying without meaning.
Though controversial, “Shanzhai” culture is becoming a widely accepted phenomenon. To the mainstream culture, the rise of “Shanzhai” culture is a challenge as well as a motivation, said Xie.
Tian said different kinds of cultures developing together is an ideal situation and it is for the public to choose.
64.The Chinese word “Shanzhai” may have its origin in _________________.
A. fake cellphones B. electronic products
C. Spring Festival Gala D. Olympics buildings
65.The underlined word “imitates” is closest in meaning to_________________.
A. steals B. copies C. advertises D. cheats
66.We can infer that the mainstream culture _________________.
A. will be held back by “Shanzhai” culture
B. will sooner or later be replaced by “Shanzhai” culture
C. may develop faster because of the challenging of “Shanzhai” culture
D. thinks nothing of the challenge of “Shanzhai” culture
67.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage _________________
A. “Shanzhai” culture will definitely fade out
B. “Shanzhai” culture-the mountain village culture
C. “Shanzhai” culture-the mainstream culture
D. “Shanzhai” culture takes on life of its own
D
The material below is taken from a column called “Question and answer” at answers..
Call Me Babs Obama claims change and he is something different. The financial condition in this country is very serious and the rest of the world is blaming us for their like financial positions. A lot of people lose their life savings. Banks go belly up. We have our military in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Iranian government is going nuclear. The Russians are putting in missiles close to Poland because we put ours there. Just everyone around the world finds fault in the American system.
Big companies have always gotten big tax breaks(减税)while ordinary people always pay more than their share. There is so much corruption (腐败)going on in high places that they should be punished.
Val
It is Bush alone that put our country into debt more than any president ever had before.
Obama won because he had more electoral votes. People just like him better. He’s young, he connects with people better, and he's energetic and charming. I like him, my boyfriend likes him，my parents like him, my teachers like him...people just like him.
Donna
Because people wanted a change from the last 8 years under President Bush. And they knew that McCain would have been almost the same with Bush when he voted and would continue his policies.
Obama said only people making more than $250,000 would have higher taxes. I know this has been the most controversial(有争议的) election I've ever seen.
68.What can we learn from what Call Me Babs posts _________________
A. America is in danger of getting into wars.
B. The US economic situation is depressing.
C. Ordinary people spend most money on tax.
D. Other countries are not friendly to America.
69.Val seems to believe that _________________.
A. Obama won because he is handsome
B. Obama's advantage is his young age
C. Obama is more popular among the citizens
D. Obama is expected to help America out of debt
70.Donna thinks that Americans reject McCain because _________________.
A. he has a very good relationship with Bush
B. he will ask Bush to stay in the government
C. he has been working for Bush for a long time
D. he is likely to carry on Bush's former policies
71.What is the question the three people seem to answer _________________
A. Why did Obama win B. What is your opinion
C. Which would you vote for D. Who do you think is better
E
Some scientists have suggested that it might in some cases be ethically(伦理的) acceptable to clone existing people. One possibility is generating replacement for a dying relative. All such possibilities, however, raise the concern that the clone would be treated as less than a complete individual, because he or she would likely suffer from limitations and expectations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic “twin”. Those expectations might be false, because human personality is only partly determined by genes. The clone of an extrovert(性格外向的人) could have a quite different way of behavior. Clones of athletes, movie stars, or scientists might well choose different careers because of chance events in early life.
Some people have also put forward the belief that couples in which one member is infertile (不生育)might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But society ought to be concerned that a couple might not treat naturally a child who is a copy of just one of them. Because other methods are available for the treatment of all known types of infertility, the traditional choice seems more appropriate. None of the suggested uses of cloning for making copies of existing people is ethically acceptable to my way of thinking, because they are not in the interests of the resulting child. It should go without saying that I am strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos(胚胎) to develop so that they can be tissue donors.
In spite of this, it seems clear that cloning from cultured(人工培育的) cells will offer important medical opportunities. Predictions about new technologies are often wrong: societal attitudes change; unexpected developments occur. Time will tell. But biomedical researchers looking into the potential of cloning now have plenty to do.
72.What is the author's concern about cloning an existing person？_________________
A. The clone created will have one defect or another.
B. The clone created will be mistreated.
C. The clone created is unlikely to fulfill your expectations.
D. The clone created is ethically unacceptable.
73.It can be inferred from the text that a clone will_________________.
A. choose the same career as the person it is created from
B. behave in the same way as the person it is created from
C. share the same characteristics with the person it is created from
D. be partly similar in personality to the person it is created from
74. According to the passage, one's personality is determined by_________________.
A. their genes
B. the environment they live in
C. both their genes and the environment they live in
D. neither their genes nor the environment they live in
75.In the author's view, which of the following uses of cloning is reasonable？________________
A. To replace a lost relative.
B. To help childless couples to have a baby.
C. To develop tissue donors.
D. To culture cells for medical purpose.
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题,共45分）
第四部分 写作（共2节,满分45分）
第一节 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分,满分15分）
A popular seaside resort in the north eastern US state of Maryland is urging tourists to book vacations now before ______________.
Borrowing from the style of Orson Welles' 1938 radio announcement that Martians were landing on Earth, the ad features the mayor of Ocean City calling on vacationers to book before our planet disappears.
“Fellow citizens, this is Rick Meehan, mayor of Ocean City, Maryland, USA, Planet Earth,” he says in the ad which appears on regional television and radio as well as on YouTube. “A recent study predicts that our oceans will evaporate in one billion years,” he says.
“This is not due to global warming but the natural effect of our Earth being dragged towards the sun，causing our beloved salt waters to just boil away. As such we are advising citizens to book their Ocean City getaway now, before the ocean evaporates. This may be the last chance you have to enjoy the beautiful beach.”
As the mayor ends his appeal, scenes of the beaches, fishing, tourist shops and children banging on crabs are flashed across the screen.
Donna Abbott, public relations director for the tourist spot, said the ad aims to be “humorous” and is a tongue-in-cheek appeal to urge Americans to take a vacation with a declining economy and increasing fuel costs.
“We understand the environment, but these days, in all the sad news, we want to have people take notice and realize that they need to have some fun,” she said. “We recognize these are challenging economic times with gas prices increasing and it was a reason to be very aggressive in our campaign this year to remind people they need to take a vacation.”
Ocean City, famous for its long sandy beach, receives around eight million visitors per year.
76.Fill in the blank in Paragraph l with proper words. (Please answer within 6 words.)
_______________________________________________________________________________
77.Why did Rick Meehan, mayor of Ocean City, Maryland, USA make the advertisement？(Please answer within 12 words.)
_______________________________________________________________________________
78.Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one
This may be the last time you have to enjoy yourself in the area.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
79.List two pieces of the sad news mentioned by Donna Abbott in the passage. (Please answer within 8 words.)
①_____________________________________________________________________________
②_____________________________________________________________________________
80.Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
第二节 书面表达（满分30分）
下表对比了中国和美国的中学生在寒假期间的主要活动，请你根据表格所提供的信息，给某英文报纸写一篇文章，并就中国中学生如何度过有意义的假期提出合理建议。
⑴给中国学生的合理建议：①科学安排假期时间，多读书；②多接触大自然，多外出参观；
⑵注意：①文章的开头已为你写好。②词数不少于100。
中国中学生 完成假期作业、看电视、上网等
美国中学生 读书、参与社区活动、参加比赛等
In winter holidays, students enjoy various activities. But in different countries students are involved in different things.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Module 4 Great Scientists
单元评估卷
（时间：120分 满分：150分）
第Ⅰ卷（选择题,共105分）
第一部分 听力
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节,满分35分）
第一节 单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）
21.B This is the first time that...结构中，that后的从句用现在完成时。句中的this，也可以换成that或it。
22.A 上句意为“我的工作还行吗？”根据答语后句“你总是干得很出色！”可知是对对方所做工作表示肯定和鼓励，故选A。well done“干得不错”；never mind“别介意”；it depends“视情况而定”；good luck“祝你好运”。
23.C replace“取代”；exchange“交换”；reduce“减少”；develop“发展”。句意：信用卡已经很大程度地取代了现金，因为它们被广泛使用。
24.D come to power“掌权，执政”，为短暂性动词短语，因第一个句子中的主句用了现在完成时，从句由since引导，故D项符合。
25.B the key to中的to为介词，后面应跟名词或V. ing形式。因此可排除C、D两项；demand和make之间为被动关系，所以第二空用made。
26.D 句意：我的朋友马丁发高烧了，结果，他既吃不下也睡不着。as a result结果，符合句意。after all毕竟；any way无论如何；otherwise否则。
27.A take notice of意为“注意”，该题考查其被动语态。B、D两项是主动结构，可排除。从时态上看，主句是将来时，从句应用现在时，因此可排除C项，故选A。
28.A victim“受害者”；companion“伙伴，同伴”；fellow“家伙，哥们儿”；colleague“同事”。句意：社会各界纷纷对四川大地震的灾民进行爱心捐赠。
29.C 句意：我的儿子杰西上六年级的时候，他的老师被诊断出患有乳腺癌。此处要用固定短语be diagnosed with表示“被诊断出来患有……病”。
30.A 本题考查介词by后跟v. ing形式的用法。句中的or连接并列成分，前面是reading，因此用listening一起作by的宾语。句意：我父亲业余时间喜欢读报纸或听音乐。
31.A 考查动词短语辨析。build up“逐步加强，锻炼身体”；set up“竖立，建起”；keep up“维持，继续”；take up“拿起，开始从事”。根据句意可知选A。
32.A “从……逃脱”，用escape from；当“避免”讲时，escape为及物动词，escape punishment“逃避惩罚”。
33.C 分数的构成为分子为基数词，分母为序数词，当分子大于“1”时，分母用复数；分数＋of＋名词结构作主语时，一般应根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
34.B 本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据句中的时间状语when she was still at college可知用一般过去时，novel应是被出版，故用被动语态。句意：约翰逊小姐是一位很有才能的作家，她在上大学时就出版了第一部小说。
35.B 本题考查现在分词作结果状语的用法。过去分词caused表被动；不定式作结果状语通常表示出乎意料的结果；动词原形不能作状语。
36.B 文章首句中“visit(参观)”已点明了主题。travel与visit属同一范畴。
37.C scenery是scene“风景；景色”的总称。
38.D besides此处作副词，表示“除此之外(还有)”。
39.A colors与races并列，表示“不同肤色、不同种族的人”。
40.B living features“生活特色”。habit“习惯”；life“生活”；method“方法”。
41.D travel“旅行”，指旅行各地，表示旅行的路途远，时间长。trip“旅行”，指来往有定的短距离旅行，强调在路上所花的时间和所走的路程；spend与句意不符；tour“周游”，指途中在许多地方作短暂停留的观光游览。
42.A main reason“主要原因”。most和mostly不能修饰reason；exact“确切的”，与句意不符。
43.B for pleasure“为了取乐；作为消遣”。pleasure作“娱乐，消遣”讲时为不可数名词。
44.B nearby是形容词，表示“附近的，邻近的”。near用做形容词时意为“接近的；亲近的”。
45.A for another example“再举一例”。the other指两者中的另外一个，或两部分的另外一部分。
46.D spend...doing...“花费……做……”，为固定搭配。
47.B satisfying“令人满意的”，常用于修饰物。satisfied常用于修饰人，意为“对……感到满意的”。
48.C much of a chance“很多机会”；a不与time/money连用。
49.C return from“从……回来”。go on“继续”；think about“考虑”；无talk of短语。
50.B energetic“精力充沛的”。
51.D 这是旅行的第三个益处：有益于人们的学习。
52.A not/never...until...“直到……才……”，为固定搭配。
53.D 四个选项中只有geography与biology，history of the places属同一范畴。
54.C visit是及物动词，可接宾语，意为“参观”。
55.B no less than“并不比……少多少”，符合文意。no more than“仅仅；只是”。
56.C 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Wood collection is one reason why many animals have become endangered”及第二段首句“‘But sunshine can be an alternative to fire,’ Dr.Metcalf says”可知，意识到使用柴火对环境的破坏是Metcalf推广使用太阳能灶的重要原因。
57.A 代词指代题。由后面的“...the heavy firewood they carry home on their heads...”可知这里的It指的是捡柴火。
58.C 细节理解题。由文章第四段前两句“This is why Dr.Metcalf spends each summer in Africa. He teaches women and children in villages how to cook with the sun”可以得出答案。
59.A 细节判断题。由文章最后一段中的“Dr.Metcalf and others developed a simple, reusable tool that people can use to make sure their water is safe to drink”可以得出答案。
60.C 细节理解题。根据第二段后半部分中的“...I had known only from books and pictures.”可知作者只是在书本和图画中对美国有所了解。
61.B 推理判断题。第一段中虽然提到作者最初哭泣着不愿去美国，但根据第二段中的内容可知作者对那些陌生而又神奇的地方充满了幻想，甚至再也没有回到祖国的打算，由此可推测作者感到非常“兴奋”。
62.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的内容可知作者在纽约的最初两年不得不在三所不同的学校学习。本句的前半句意思是说作者当时感到无所适从，而不是经常迷路，所以A项不正确；根据下一句中的内容可排除B项。
63.D 推理判断题。本段第一句是本段的主题句，再结合下文中提到的事例可推测作者的英语能力给了她的家庭很大帮助。
64.A 根据第一段中“继中国南方一些小厂生产的‘山寨手机’在大陆市场上流行之后，‘山寨’一词成为了假货的代名词”可知A正确。
65.B 根据上下文可知，这个单词是“仿制，模仿”的意思，同copies的意思相近。
66.C 倒数第二段的大意是：对主流文化来说，“山寨文化”既是一种挑战，又是激发主流文化(向前)发展的动力。即“山寨文化”可以促进主流文化的发展。
67.D 本文介绍了“山寨”一词的来源，并通过多个方面讲了它对人们生活的影响及评论家们的看法，故D项合适。由最后一段可知A项不正确；由第三段可知B项不正确；由倒数第二、三段可知C项不正确。
68.B 细节理解题。Call Me Babs所发表的意见的主要内容可概括为美国的经济形势非常令人担忧。
69.C 根据Val发表的言论可知，奥巴马得到的选票多，而且她周围的人都喜欢奥巴马，可见奥巴马非常受欢迎。
70.D 推理判断题。根据Donna发表的言论可知，人们发现麦凯恩过去在投票时90%与布什总统的相同，因此推断，如果他当选美国新总统很可能继续推行布什的旧政策。由于渴望改变持续了八年的布什总统的政策，人们选择了奥巴马。
71.A 主旨大意题。从三个人发表的言论可看出他们都在谈论为什么奥巴马最终能获胜。
语篇解读：文章探讨人体克隆技术在医学和伦理上的态度。
72.B 细节理解。根据第一段All such possibilities, however, raise the concern that the clone would be treated as less than a complete individual...可知B项符合。A、C项只是讨论的技术层面的问题；根据第一段前两句可知D项所表述的内容并非作者所担心的主要问题。
73.D 推理判断。根据第一段最后三句话可知。A、B、C三项表述错误。
74.C 细节理解。根据第一段“Those expectations might be false, because human personality is only partly determined by genes.”可知。
75.D 根据第一段可知A项不符；第二段最后两句可知B、C两项不符；由最后一段可知D项符合。
76. the ocean disappears
77. Because he wanted to call on people to visit this area.
78.This may be the last chance you have to enjoy the beautiful beach.
79.① a declining economy ②increasing fuel costs
80.这并不是全球变暖导致的，而是由太阳对地球的引力造成的，这种自然效应将把我们深爱的海水都蒸发干。
In winter holidays, students enjoy various activities. But in different countries students are involved in different things. Middle school students in China usually spend some time on the homework assigned by teachers. Then they prefer to watch TV, or surf on the Internet.
As for the students in America, reading takes up a considerate amount of time in holiday. Besides, they will take an active part in community service or different matches.
Students in China should make better use of their holidays. Apart from reading, they may spare more time to get close to nature and learn through experience, for example, visiting museums. In this way, the holidays will be more attractive and meaningful.
单元评估卷
（时间：120分 满分：150分）
第Ⅰ卷（选择题,共105分）
第一部分 听力
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节,满分35分）
第一节 单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21.His son is seriously ill. So this is the first time that he________ the school meeting.
A. didn’t attend B. hasn’t attended C. hadn’t attended D. doesn’t attend
22.-Is my work OK
-________You are always doing a good job.
A. Well done! B. Never mind. C. It depends. D. Good luck!
23.Credit cards have largely ________ money，for they are widely accepted everywhere.
A. exchanged B. reduced C. replaced D. developed
24.It has been two years since this party________. Many people wonder whether it will stay on.
A. has been in power B. has come to power
C. took office D. came to power
25.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers
-The key________ the problem is to meet the demand________ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
26.My friend Martin had a high fever；________, he could neither eat nor sleep.
A. otherwise B. after all C. any way D. as a result
27.She will stop showing off if no notice ________of her.
A. is taken B. takes C. will be taken D. has taken
28.All walks of life made caring donation to the ________of the deadly earthquake in Sichuan.
A. victims B. companions C. fellows D. colleagues
29.When my son Jesse was in sixth grade，his teacher was ________with breast cancer.
A. caught B. attacked C. diagnosed D. contracted
30.My father enjoys his spare time by reading newspapers or ________to the music.
A. listening B. listens C. to listen D. listen
31.The gentleman went for an ocean voyage and ________his health.
A. built up B. set up C. kept up D. took up
32.The boy managed to ________the burning house, but he couldn't ________punishment because the fire was caused by his playing with matches.
A. escape from; escape B. escape; escape
C. escape; escape from D. escape from; escape from
33.About________of the workers in that steel works________ young people.
A. third fifths; are B.three fifths; is
C. three fifths; are D.third fifth; are
34.Miss Johnson is an able writer，whose first novel ________when she was still at college.
A. is published B. was published C. has been published D. had published
35.The snow lasted a week, ________a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
A. caused B. causing C. to cause D. cause
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分,满分20分）
It is exciting to visit different places. As you____36____you will see beautiful_____37___typical of the region. ____38____, you can meet and make friends with people of different____39____ and races. Finally, you can get to know the customs and living____40____ of the local people. Today people are so fond of____41____ that tourism has become one of the fastest growing industries in most countries.
The____42____reason why people travel is, perhaps, for___43_____. For example, having worked hard throughout the weekdays, people will find a widened trip to the____44____ mountains or beaches for a real relaxation. For____45____ example, spending an annual holiday ____46____ abroad is an especially____47____ experience for those who do not have much of a ____48____ to be away from their homelands. When people____49____ their travel, they will generally feel fresh and____50____, ready to work harder. Traveling is also one of the best means for____51____.You may have read or heard about something, but you can never get a clear picture of it____52____ you see it for yourself. Seeing is believing. Furthermore, if you are a careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the____53____, biology, and history of the places you____54____. No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through traveling. The knowledge acquired from travel, as you will have found in your life, is____55____ valuable than that from any reference book.
36.A.fly B.travel C.go D.grow
37.A.surroundings B.views C.sceneries D.scenes
38.A.And B.Instead C.Therefore D.Besides
39.A.colors B.countries C.skins D.places
40.A.habits B.features C.life D.methods
41.A.tripping B.spending C.touring D.traveling
42.A.main B.most C.mostly D.exact
43.A.a pleasure B.pleasure C.work D.business
44.A.near B.nearby C.distant D.high
45.A.another B.the other C.one D.不填
46.A.to travel B.to work C.living D.traveling
47.A.satisfied B.satisfying C.unpleasant D.terrible
48.A.money B.time C.chance D.hope
49.A.go on B.think about C.return from D.talk of
50.A.tired B.energetic C.strong D.exciting
51.A.sleep B.work C.making friends D.learning
52.A.until B.when C.after D.except
53.A.foreign countries B.foreign people C.foreign customs D.geography
54.A.travel B.tour C.visit D.go
55.A.no more B.no less C.more D.less
第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题,每小题2分,满分40分）
A
When Dr. Robert Metcalf first used a solar cooker, the future changed for millions of Africans. He knew that billions of poor people around the world depend on the use of wood for cooking. As they take more and more firewood from wild areas, they are destroying habitats around the world. Wood collection is one reason why many animals have become endangered.
“But sunshine can be an alternative to fire,” Dr. Metcalf says. Since his first solar cooked meal, he has helped people around the world to use simple new technologies to cook their food.
Each morning in villages across East Africa, small children and their mothers wake up and walk several miles to collect firewood to cook their food. It takes much of the day, and the heavy firewood they carry home on their heads lasts only a few days.
This is why Dr. Metcalf spends each summer in Africa. He teaches women and children in villages how to cook with the sun. So far, more than thirty thousand African families now have solar cookers, and new programs will introduce solar cookers to millions of families.
To find water, women and children may have to walk long distances to dig holes in dry riverbeds or to gather water from streams and shallow wells.
They fill their buckets and carry them home on their heads. The buckets often weigh as much as forty pounds. Not only is finding water hard work, but the water is often contaminated with germs that make people sick.
Dr.Metcalf and others developed a simple, reusable tool that people can use to make sure their water is safe to drink. The tool is called a WAPI, which stands for “Water Pasteurization Indicator.” The pasteurization process is named after Louis Pasteur, who developed it in the 1800s.
56.Why did Metcalf help Africans use solar cookers _________________
A. He wanted to help them to fight poverty.
B. He found it a dangerous job to collect firewood.
C. He realized using firewood is not good for the environment.
D. He realized using solar cookers would save Africans a lot of money.
57.The underlined word “It” in the third paragraph probably refers to “_________________”.
A. Collecting firewood B. Cooking food
C. Cooking with the sun D. Introducing solar cookers
58.Each summer Metcalf stays in Africa to_________________.
A. do research on water
B. take care of sick people
C. spread the technique of using solar cookers
D. find out why some animals are endangered
59.Water Pasteurization Indicator was developed to_________________.
A. kill the bacteria in water B. honor Louis Pasteur
C. make waste water reusable D. dig holes in riverbeds
B
I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt’s house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning.
I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see-the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.
The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost-having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to “the hard times.”
My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.
From my experiences I have learned one important rule: almost all common troubles eventually go away! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.
60.How did the author get to know America _________________
A. From her relatives B. From her mother
C. From books and pictures D. From radio programs
61.Upon leaving for America the author felt _________________.
A. confused B. excited C. worried D. amazed
62.For the first two years in New York, the author_________________.
A. often lost her way B. did not think about her future
C. studied in three different schools D. got on well with her stepfather
63.What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 4 _________________
A. She worked as a translator B. She attended a lot of job interviews
C. She paid telephone bills for her family D. She helped her family with her English
C
The Chinese word “Shanzhai” means a small mountain village, but now it becomes an accepted name for fakes (假货) after “Shanzhai Cellphones” produced by small workshops in southern China became popular in the mainland market over the past two years.
Besides “Shanzhai” electronic products, there are “Shanzhai” movies, “Shanzhai” stars and even a “Shanzhai” Spring Festival Gala, a copy of the 25 year old traditional show presented by CCTV on Chinese Lunar New Year's Eve.
“Shanzhai” has become a culture of its own, symbolizing anything that imitates something famous.
The phenomenon has caused a public debate over whether it is healthy or sick being a copycat.
In southwestern China's Chongqing Municipality, a “Shanzhai” version “Bird's Nest” woven by farmers with bamboo attracts wide attention and the “Shanzhai”?version “Water Cube” is popular with tourists too. Both are copies of the famous Olympics buildings in Beijing.
Xie Xizhang, a literature critic, said that taking the “Shanzhai” Gala as an example, when the traditional CCTV program becomes less and less attractive to the audience, the “Shanzhai” version appears naturally to attract people.
“In spite of its poor techniques and operation, ‘Shanzhai’ culture meets the psychological demands of common people and could be a comfort to their minds,” Xie said.
Tian Huiqun, a professor at Beijing Normal University, said that “Shanzhai” culture never copies classic things, only trendy products. In that sense, it's like a computer virus, multiplying without meaning.
Though controversial, “Shanzhai” culture is becoming a widely accepted phenomenon. To the mainstream culture, the rise of “Shanzhai” culture is a challenge as well as a motivation, said Xie.
Tian said different kinds of cultures developing together is an ideal situation and it is for the public to choose.
64.The Chinese word “Shanzhai” may have its origin in _________________.
A. fake cellphones B. electronic products
C. Spring Festival Gala D. Olympics buildings
65.The underlined word “imitates” is closest in meaning to_________________.
A. steals B. copies C. advertises D. cheats
66.We can infer that the mainstream culture _________________.
A. will be held back by “Shanzhai” culture
B. will sooner or later be replaced by “Shanzhai” culture
C. may develop faster because of the challenging of “Shanzhai” culture
D. thinks nothing of the challenge of “Shanzhai” culture
67.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage _________________
A. “Shanzhai” culture will definitely fade out
B. “Shanzhai” culture-the mountain village culture
C. “Shanzhai” culture-the mainstream culture
D. “Shanzhai” culture takes on life of its own
D
The material below is taken from a column called “Question and answer” at answers..
Call Me Babs Obama claims change and he is something different. The financial condition in this country is very serious and the rest of the world is blaming us for their like financial positions. A lot of people lose their life savings. Banks go belly up. We have our military in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Iranian government is going nuclear. The Russians are putting in missiles close to Poland because we put ours there. Just everyone around the world finds fault in the American system.
Big companies have always gotten big tax breaks(减税)while ordinary people always pay more than their share. There is so much corruption (腐败)going on in high places that they should be punished.
Val
It is Bush alone that put our country into debt more than any president ever had before.
Obama won because he had more electoral votes. People just like him better. He’s young, he connects with people better, and he's energetic and charming. I like him, my boyfriend likes him，my parents like him, my teachers like him...people just like him.
Donna
Because people wanted a change from the last 8 years under President Bush. And they knew that McCain would have been almost the same with Bush when he voted and would continue his policies.
Obama said only people making more than $250,000 would have higher taxes. I know this has been the most controversial(有争议的) election I've ever seen.
68.What can we learn from what Call Me Babs posts _________________
A. America is in danger of getting into wars.
B. The US economic situation is depressing.
C. Ordinary people spend most money on tax.
D. Other countries are not friendly to America.
69.Val seems to believe that _________________.
A. Obama won because he is handsome
B. Obama's advantage is his young age
C. Obama is more popular among the citizens
D. Obama is expected to help America out of debt
70.Donna thinks that Americans reject McCain because _________________.
A. he has a very good relationship with Bush
B. he will ask Bush to stay in the government
C. he has been working for Bush for a long time
D. he is likely to carry on Bush's former policies
71.What is the question the three people seem to answer _________________
A. Why did Obama win B. What is your opinion
C. Which would you vote for D. Who do you think is better
E
Some scientists have suggested that it might in some cases be ethically(伦理的) acceptable to clone existing people. One possibility is generating replacement for a dying relative. All such possibilities, however, raise the concern that the clone would be treated as less than a complete individual, because he or she would likely suffer from limitations and expectations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic “twin”. Those expectations might be false, because human personality is only partly determined by genes. The clone of an extrovert(性格外向的人) could have a quite different way of behavior. Clones of athletes, movie stars, or scientists might well choose different careers because of chance events in early life.
Some people have also put forward the belief that couples in which one member is infertile (不生育)might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But society ought to be concerned that a couple might not treat naturally a child who is a copy of just one of them. Because other methods are available for the treatment of all known types of infertility, the traditional choice seems more appropriate. None of the suggested uses of cloning for making copies of existing people is ethically acceptable to my way of thinking, because they are not in the interests of the resulting child. It should go without saying that I am strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos(胚胎) to develop so that they can be tissue donors.
In spite of this, it seems clear that cloning from cultured(人工培育的) cells will offer important medical opportunities. Predictions about new technologies are often wrong: societal attitudes change; unexpected developments occur. Time will tell. But biomedical researchers looking into the potential of cloning now have plenty to do.
72.What is the author's concern about cloning an existing person？_________________
A. The clone created will have one defect or another.
B. The clone created will be mistreated.
C. The clone created is unlikely to fulfill your expectations.
D. The clone created is ethically unacceptable.
73.It can be inferred from the text that a clone will_________________.
A. choose the same career as the person it is created from
B. behave in the same way as the person it is created from
C. share the same characteristics with the person it is created from
D. be partly similar in personality to the person it is created from
74. According to the passage, one's personality is determined by_________________.
A. their genes
B. the environment they live in
C. both their genes and the environment they live in
D. neither their genes nor the environment they live in
75.In the author's view, which of the following uses of cloning is reasonable？________________
A. To replace a lost relative.
B. To help childless couples to have a baby.
C. To develop tissue donors.
D. To culture cells for medical purpose.
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题,共45分）
第四部分 写作（共2节,满分45分）
第一节 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分,满分15分）
A popular seaside resort in the north eastern US state of Maryland is urging tourists to book vacations now before ______________.
Borrowing from the style of Orson Welles' 1938 radio announcement that Martians were landing on Earth, the ad features the mayor of Ocean City calling on vacationers to book before our planet disappears.
“Fellow citizens, this is Rick Meehan, mayor of Ocean City, Maryland, USA, Planet Earth,” he says in the ad which appears on regional television and radio as well as on YouTube. “A recent study predicts that our oceans will evaporate in one billion years,” he says.
“This is not due to global warming but the natural effect of our Earth being dragged towards the sun，causing our beloved salt waters to just boil away. As such we are advising citizens to book their Ocean City getaway now, before the ocean evaporates. This may be the last chance you have to enjoy the beautiful beach.”
As the mayor ends his appeal, scenes of the beaches, fishing, tourist shops and children banging on crabs are flashed across the screen.
Donna Abbott, public relations director for the tourist spot, said the ad aims to be “humorous” and is a tongue-in-cheek appeal to urge Americans to take a vacation with a declining economy and increasing fuel costs.
“We understand the environment, but these days, in all the sad news, we want to have people take notice and realize that they need to have some fun,” she said. “We recognize these are challenging economic times with gas prices increasing and it was a reason to be very aggressive in our campaign this year to remind people they need to take a vacation.”
Ocean City, famous for its long sandy beach, receives around eight million visitors per year.
76.Fill in the blank in Paragraph l with proper words. (Please answer within 6 words.)
_______________________________________________________________________________
77.Why did Rick Meehan, mayor of Ocean City, Maryland, USA make the advertisement？(Please answer within 12 words.)
_______________________________________________________________________________
78.Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one
This may be the last time you have to enjoy yourself in the area.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
79.List two pieces of the sad news mentioned by Donna Abbott in the passage. (Please answer within 8 words.)
①_____________________________________________________________________________
②_____________________________________________________________________________
80.Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
第二节 书面表达（满分30分）
下表对比了中国和美国的中学生在寒假期间的主要活动，请你根据表格所提供的信息，给某英文报纸写一篇文章，并就中国中学生如何度过有意义的假期提出合理建议。
⑴给中国学生的合理建议：①科学安排假期时间，多读书；②多接触大自然，多外出参观；
⑵注意：①文章的开头已为你写好。②词数不少于100。
中国中学生 完成假期作业、看电视、上网等
美国中学生 读书、参与社区活动、参加比赛等
In winter holidays, students enjoy various activities. But in different countries students are involved in different things.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Module 4 Great Scientists
单元评估卷
（时间：120分 满分：150分）
第Ⅰ卷（选择题,共105分）
第一部分 听力
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节,满分35分）
第一节 单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）
21.B This is the first time that...结构中，that后的从句用现在完成时。句中的this，也可以换成that或it。
22.A 上句意为“我的工作还行吗？”根据答语后句“你总是干得很出色！”可知是对对方所做工作表示肯定和鼓励，故选A。well done“干得不错”；never mind“别介意”；it depends“视情况而定”；good luck“祝你好运”。
23.C replace“取代”；exchange“交换”；reduce“减少”；develop“发展”。句意：信用卡已经很大程度地取代了现金，因为它们被广泛使用。
24.D come to power“掌权，执政”，为短暂性动词短语，因第一个句子中的主句用了现在完成时，从句由since引导，故D项符合。
25.B the key to中的to为介词，后面应跟名词或V. ing形式。因此可排除C、D两项；demand和make之间为被动关系，所以第二空用made。
26.D 句意：我的朋友马丁发高烧了，结果，他既吃不下也睡不着。as a result结果，符合句意。after all毕竟；any way无论如何；otherwise否则。
27.A take notice of意为“注意”，该题考查其被动语态。B、D两项是主动结构，可排除。从时态上看，主句是将来时，从句应用现在时，因此可排除C项，故选A。
28.A victim“受害者”；companion“伙伴，同伴”；fellow“家伙，哥们儿”；colleague“同事”。句意：社会各界纷纷对四川大地震的灾民进行爱心捐赠。
29.C 句意：我的儿子杰西上六年级的时候，他的老师被诊断出患有乳腺癌。此处要用固定短语be diagnosed with表示“被诊断出来患有……病”。
30.A 本题考查介词by后跟v. ing形式的用法。句中的or连接并列成分，前面是reading，因此用listening一起作by的宾语。句意：我父亲业余时间喜欢读报纸或听音乐。
31.A 考查动词短语辨析。build up“逐步加强，锻炼身体”；set up“竖立，建起”；keep up“维持，继续”；take up“拿起，开始从事”。根据句意可知选A。
32.A “从……逃脱”，用escape from；当“避免”讲时，escape为及物动词，escape punishment“逃避惩罚”。
33.C 分数的构成为分子为基数词，分母为序数词，当分子大于“1”时，分母用复数；分数＋of＋名词结构作主语时，一般应根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
34.B 本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据句中的时间状语when she was still at college可知用一般过去时，novel应是被出版，故用被动语态。句意：约翰逊小姐是一位很有才能的作家，她在上大学时就出版了第一部小说。
35.B 本题考查现在分词作结果状语的用法。过去分词caused表被动；不定式作结果状语通常表示出乎意料的结果；动词原形不能作状语。
36.B 文章首句中“visit(参观)”已点明了主题。travel与visit属同一范畴。
37.C scenery是scene“风景；景色”的总称。
38.D besides此处作副词，表示“除此之外(还有)”。
39.A colors与races并列，表示“不同肤色、不同种族的人”。
40.B living features“生活特色”。habit“习惯”；life“生活”；method“方法”。
41.D travel“旅行”，指旅行各地，表示旅行的路途远，时间长。trip“旅行”，指来往有定的短距离旅行，强调在路上所花的时间和所走的路程；spend与句意不符；tour“周游”，指途中在许多地方作短暂停留的观光游览。
42.A main reason“主要原因”。most和mostly不能修饰reason；exact“确切的”，与句意不符。
43.B for pleasure“为了取乐；作为消遣”。pleasure作“娱乐，消遣”讲时为不可数名词。
44.B nearby是形容词，表示“附近的，邻近的”。near用做形容词时意为“接近的；亲近的”。
45.A for another example“再举一例”。the other指两者中的另外一个，或两部分的另外一部分。
46.D spend...doing...“花费……做……”，为固定搭配。
47.B satisfying“令人满意的”，常用于修饰物。satisfied常用于修饰人，意为“对……感到满意的”。
48.C much of a chance“很多机会”；a不与time/money连用。
49.C return from“从……回来”。go on“继续”；think about“考虑”；无talk of短语。
50.B energetic“精力充沛的”。
51.D 这是旅行的第三个益处：有益于人们的学习。
52.A not/never...until...“直到……才……”，为固定搭配。
53.D 四个选项中只有geography与biology，history of the places属同一范畴。
54.C visit是及物动词，可接宾语，意为“参观”。
55.B no less than“并不比……少多少”，符合文意。no more than“仅仅；只是”。
56.C 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Wood collection is one reason why many animals have become endangered”及第二段首句“‘But sunshine can be an alternative to fire,’ Dr.Metcalf says”可知，意识到使用柴火对环境的破坏是Metcalf推广使用太阳能灶的重要原因。
57.A 代词指代题。由后面的“...the heavy firewood they carry home on their heads...”可知这里的It指的是捡柴火。
58.C 细节理解题。由文章第四段前两句“This is why Dr.Metcalf spends each summer in Africa. He teaches women and children in villages how to cook with the sun”可以得出答案。
59.A 细节判断题。由文章最后一段中的“Dr.Metcalf and others developed a simple, reusable tool that people can use to make sure their water is safe to drink”可以得出答案。
60.C 细节理解题。根据第二段后半部分中的“...I had known only from books and pictures.”可知作者只是在书本和图画中对美国有所了解。
61.B 推理判断题。第一段中虽然提到作者最初哭泣着不愿去美国，但根据第二段中的内容可知作者对那些陌生而又神奇的地方充满了幻想，甚至再也没有回到祖国的打算，由此可推测作者感到非常“兴奋”。
62.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的内容可知作者在纽约的最初两年不得不在三所不同的学校学习。本句的前半句意思是说作者当时感到无所适从，而不是经常迷路，所以A项不正确；根据下一句中的内容可排除B项。
63.D 推理判断题。本段第一句是本段的主题句，再结合下文中提到的事例可推测作者的英语能力给了她的家庭很大帮助。
64.A 根据第一段中“继中国南方一些小厂生产的‘山寨手机’在大陆市场上流行之后，‘山寨’一词成为了假货的代名词”可知A正确。
65.B 根据上下文可知，这个单词是“仿制，模仿”的意思，同copies的意思相近。
66.C 倒数第二段的大意是：对主流文化来说，“山寨文化”既是一种挑战，又是激发主流文化(向前)发展的动力。即“山寨文化”可以促进主流文化的发展。
67.D 本文介绍了“山寨”一词的来源，并通过多个方面讲了它对人们生活的影响及评论家们的看法，故D项合适。由最后一段可知A项不正确；由第三段可知B项不正确；由倒数第二、三段可知C项不正确。
68.B 细节理解题。Call Me Babs所发表的意见的主要内容可概括为美国的经济形势非常令人担忧。
69.C 根据Val发表的言论可知，奥巴马得到的选票多，而且她周围的人都喜欢奥巴马，可见奥巴马非常受欢迎。
70.D 推理判断题。根据Donna发表的言论可知，人们发现麦凯恩过去在投票时90%与布什总统的相同，因此推断，如果他当选美国新总统很可能继续推行布什的旧政策。由于渴望改变持续了八年的布什总统的政策，人们选择了奥巴马。
71.A 主旨大意题。从三个人发表的言论可看出他们都在谈论为什么奥巴马最终能获胜。
语篇解读：文章探讨人体克隆技术在医学和伦理上的态度。
72.B 细节理解。根据第一段All such possibilities, however, raise the concern that the clone would be treated as less than a complete individual...可知B项符合。A、C项只是讨论的技术层面的问题；根据第一段前两句可知D项所表述的内容并非作者所担心的主要问题。
73.D 推理判断。根据第一段最后三句话可知。A、B、C三项表述错误。
74.C 细节理解。根据第一段“Those expectations might be false, because human personality is only partly determined by genes.”可知。
75.D 根据第一段可知A项不符；第二段最后两句可知B、C两项不符；由最后一段可知D项符合。
76. the ocean disappears
77. Because he wanted to call on people to visit this area.
78.This may be the last chance you have to enjoy the beautiful beach.
79.① a declining economy ②increasing fuel costs
80.这并不是全球变暖导致的，而是由太阳对地球的引力造成的，这种自然效应将把我们深爱的海水都蒸发干。
In winter holidays, students enjoy various activities. But in different countries students are involved in different things. Middle school students in China usually spend some time on the homework assigned by teachers. Then they prefer to watch TV, or surf on the Internet.
As for the students in America, reading takes up a considerate amount of time in holiday. Besides, they will take an active part in community service or different matches.
Students in China should make better use of their holidays. Apart from reading, they may spare more time to get close to nature and learn through experience, for example, visiting museums. In this way, the holidays will be more attractive and meaningful.