外研版（2019）必修 第1导学案+单元重难知识点详解+配套练习（含答案 6套打包）

话题语言应用——网络与通讯
语言积累
交际用语
Talking
about
percentage
and
numbers谈论百分比与数字
1.
表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。
She
died
of
lung
cancer
in
forties.
她四十来岁时死于肺癌。
It
was
in
the
1960s.
那是在二十世纪六十年代。
2.
表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠词后、年代前添加
early，mid-，late。
in
the
early
1920’s
在二十世纪二十年代早期
3.
通常情况下morning，afternoon，evening等词前用介词in。但是，当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语，把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时，介词in应改为on。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。
On
a
cold
morning,
the
old
man
died
lonely
in
his
house.
在一个寒冷的早晨，这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。
I
don’t
want
to
be
disturbed
on
nights
when
I
have
to
study.
我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。
4.“加”用plus，and或add表示；“等于”用is，make，equal等词表示。
Two
plus
three
is
five.
/Two
and
three
is
equal
to
five.
/Two
and
three
make
five.
/Two
added
to
three
equals
five.
/If
we
add
two
to/and
three,
we
get
five.
二加三等于五。
5.“减”用
minus或
take
from表示。
Ten
minus
six
is
four.
/Take
six
from
ten
and
the
remainder
is
four.
/
Six
(taken)
from
ten
is
four.
十减去六等于四。
6.“乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示。
Three
times
four
is/are
twelve.
/
Multiply
three
by
four,
we
get
twelve./
Three
multiplied
by
four
makes
twelve.
三乘以四等于十二。
7.
“除”用divide的过去分词形式表示。
Sixteen
divided
by
four
equals/gives/makes
four.
十六除以四等于四。
8.
表示长、宽、高、面积等，用“基数词+单位词（meter,
foot,
inch,
kilogram等）+
形容词（long,
wide,
high等）”表示，或者用“基数词+单位词
+
in
+
名词（length,
width,
height，
weight等）”表示。
two
meters
long/
two
meters
in
length
2米长
three
feet
high/
three
feet
in
height
3英尺高
four
inches
wide/four
inches
in
width
4英寸宽
bargaining
砍价
1.
Could
you
give
me
a
discount?
能给我折扣吗?
2.
Are
these
clothes
on
sale?
这些衣服打特价吗?
3.
Is
the
price
negotiable?
这价钱可以商量吗?
4.
How
about
buy
one
and
get
one
free?
买一送一怎么样?
5.
Can
you
give
me
a
better
deal?
可以给我更好的价钱吗?
6.
I’d
buy
it
right
away
if
it
were
cheaper.
便宜一点的话我马上买。
7.
The
price
is
beyond
my
budget.
这价钱超出我的预算了。
8.
I’ll
give
500
dollars
for
it.
五百块我就买。
9.
That’s
steep,
isn’t
it?
这价钱太离谱了吧?
10.
It’s
too
expensive.
I
can’t
afford
it.
太贵了。我买不起。
话题语句（1）
互联网常用词汇
account
账号
address
地址
address
book
地址簿
browse
浏览
bandwidth
带宽
client
客户程序
chat
聊天
browser
浏览器
copyright
版权
cracker
黑客
system
administrator
系统管理员
keyword
关键字
server
Web服务器
virus
病毒
username
用户名
text
transfer
文本传输
gateway
网关
search
engine
搜索引擎
private
key
个人密钥
player
播放器
online
在线，联机
subscribe
订阅
modem
调制解调器
log
in
登录
通讯类词汇
Access
Point
进接器
Boundary
Router/Gateway
路由器/闸道器
Caller
Diverting
来电转接
Caller
ID
来话方显示
Cellular
Phones
移动电话
Cordless
Phone
无线电话
Digital
Cordless
Phones
数字无线电话
Digital
Switch
数字交换机
Direct
Broadcasting
Satellite
直播卫星
FAX
传真机
Fixed
Dialing
固定号码拨号
Global
Positioning
System(GPS)
卫星定位系统
International
Telephone
国际电话
Local
Area
Network(LAN)
区域网路
Local
Area
Network
Cards
区域网路卡
Local
Telephone
市内电话
Long
Distance
Telephone
长途电话
Mobile
Satellite
Communications
移动卫星通讯
Mobile
Switch
移动交换机
Radio
Handsets
无线电对讲手机
Satellite
Services
卫星通讯服务
Video
Conferencing
视讯会议
Video
Phone
视讯电话
Voice
Mail
语音邮件
话题语句（2）
拓展阅读
A
The
Advantages
and
Disadvantages
of
Internet
The
following
aspects
could
best
illustrate
the
advantages
of
Internet.
Net
surfers
(网上冲浪者)
in
different
countries
can
share
interesting
knowledge
and
the
latest
information.
Besides,
Internet
has
provided
a
major
opportunity
to
buy
and
sell
merchandise
(商品).
What
is
more,
people
may
get
medical
help
or
even
vote
on
Internet.
Its
advantages
seem
countless.
Behind
all
this
glowing
talk,
however,
are
some
problems.
Internet
makes
people
passive
by
stopping
them
making
their
own
entertainment.
So
much
so
that
when
there
is
a
breakdown
or
jam,
people
may
find
that
World
Wide
Web
turns
into
World
Wide
Wait.
What
is
worse,
some
children
have
access
to
the
scenes
of
violence
and
sex.
Apart
from
these,
it
can
be
affected
by
viruses(病毒)
and
hackers
(黑客).
We
should
handle
its
problems;
meanwhile
we
should
exploit
its
potential
as
well.
With
proper
management
of
Internet
people
ought
to
experience
more
fruits
of
the
information
revolution.
All
the
wisdom
of
the
ages,
all
the
information
that
has
enlightened
mankind
for
centuries,
should
be
available
to
us
with
the
healthy
development
of
Internet.
B
With
the
arrival
of
the
knowledge
economy
age,
Internet,
as
a
new
media,
has
come
into
our
life.
Nowadays,
getting
on
line
and
surfing
the
Internet
for
information
has
become
popular
in
China,
especially
among
college
students
and
teachers.
Why
is
Internet
getting
so
popular
in
such
a
short
time?
The
popularity
of
Internet
results
from
its
great
convenience
and
easy
accessibility
to
information.
Thanks
to
the
Internet,
a
world
of
information
is
just
a
click
away.
E-mail
is
another
contributing
factor
to
its
popularity.
It
can
transmit
your
letter
quickly,
safely
and
accurately.
Besides,
Internet
has
some
other
uses.
Doctors
may
use
it
to
diagnose
and
treat
their
patients
by
discussing
or
exchanging
experiences
with
doctors
in
other
parts
of
the
world.
Students
may
obtain
new
knowledge
from
a
national
long-distance
educational
system
via
Internet.
Finally,
businessman
can
conduct
E-commerce
or
E-business
on
the
net.
With
so
many
uses
and
advantages,
there
is
no
doubt
more
and
more
people
will
be
wired
to
the
Internet—the
information
expressway.
In
short,
with
its
high
speed
and
efficiency,
Internet
will
be
more
popular
in
China
in
the
near
future.
C
Everything
lives
with
opposite
forces.
The
same
can
be
said
about
modern
technology,
such
as
Internet.
At
first
glance
Internet
offers
us
excitement
and
a
world
of
promise.
Frankly
speaking,
people
who
have
some
ideas
of
it
can
not
deny
the
merits
born
with
the
system.
For
instance,
it
can
improve
proficiency
in
scientific
research,
for
by
means
of
it
scientists
and
researchers
can
get
a
global
look
at
the
latest
development
in
the
field
concerned
and
accordingly
they
need
spend
no
time
doing
what
has
already
been
done.
In
view
of
personal
communication,
the
most
convenient
means
could
be
peculiar
to
Internet,
too.
While
people
speak
highly
of
Internet,
its
drawbacks
shouldn’t
be
neglected.
Sometimes,
a
little
fatal
breakdown
of
the
system,
or
a
disastrous
error
could
bring
us
an
enormous
amount
of
damage
and
loss.
Meanwhile,
with
lnternet’s
replacement
of
hooks
or
the
written
work
as
the
main
source
of
information,
human’s
writing
abilities
are
weakened
and
relations
between
people
are
desalinated.
However,
every
country
on
this
planet
should
work
hard
to
develop
the
system
to
serve
us
more
efficiently
and
comfortably,
because
in
the
net
all
countries
are
interrelated.
写作运用
写作要求
人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。
赞成的理由
反对的理由
你的看法
1.广交朋友2.可自由表达思想3.利于外语学习
1.浪费时间2.影响学习3.可能上当受骗
？
写作指导
观点对比类书面表达
对同一件事情，人们常有不同的看法，即正反两种观点。在写作时，常使用一般现在时。写作格式一般是：提出问题→两种不同观点→对两种不同观点的论据（理由）逐项作对比。有时题目会要求说出自己的观点，可在结尾段加上自己的观点并简要说明理由，最好不要重复前面的已谈到的理由。写作方式一般采用集中比较。
常用段落结构：
Para.
One
抛出话题,
给出简单介绍；
Para.
Two
介绍正方观点和反方观点
Para.
Three
进行总结或提出自己观点
Para
One
1.
We
had
a
discussion/
survey
about
(on)…
2.
I’m
writing
to
tell
you
a
discussion
we
have
had
about…
3.
We
have
had
a
heated
debate
on…
4.
There
are
two…
One
is…,
and
the
other
is…
5.
Opinions
are
divided
into
two
groups
on
this
issue.
Para.
Two
1.
Some
people
are
for/
are
in
favor
of/
support
the
idea.
2.
Some
people
think
/
believe
it
necessary
to…
3.
According
to
some
students,
we
should…
4.
They
are
of
the
opinion
that…
5.
They
think
that…
6.
Some
other
people
are
against/
don’t
support……
7.
Others
have
different
opinions.
8.
Others
argue
that……
9.
But
not
everyone
agrees
with
this
idea.
Para.
Three
如何表达个人看法
1.
in
short/
in
conclusion/
in
summary
2.
in
my
view/
from
my
point
of
view
3.
Both
of
the
opinions
are
reasonable,
but
I
prefer…
4.
No
agreement
has
been
reached
yet.
5.
Everything
has
its
two
sides.
6.
Everything
has
its
advantages
and
disadvantages
正反观点对比常用句型
1.
We
have
a
discussion
about…
我们对……进行了一次讨论。
We’ve
had
a
discussion
about
whether
an
entrance
fee
should
be
charged
for
parks.
2.
We
have
had
a
survey
on…
我们对……开展了一次调查。
We’ve
had
a
survey
on
whether
students
should
be
allowed
to
carry
mobile
phones
to
schools.
3.
Opinions
are
divided
on
the
question.
在这个问题上意见有分歧。
4.
Opinions
are
mainly
divided
into
two
groups.
有两种不同意见。
5.
Others
have
different
opinions.
其他人有不同看法。
5.
Sixty
percent
of
the
students
are
for
the
idea,
while
forty
percent
of
the
students
think
otherwise.
有60%的学生支持这个观点，然而有40%的学生则不这样认为。
6.
Sixty
percent
of
the
students
think
it
necessary
to…,
but
forty
percent
of
the
students
don’t
think
so.
60%的学生认为……是必须的，而40%的学生则不这样认为。
7.
On
the
one
hand,
…
On
the
other
hand,
…
一方面……，另一方面……
8.
在提出多个论据时，也可用First,
…Second,
…
Third,
…
来列举论据。
常用的关联词语
表并列：and,
as
well
as,
not
only…but
also…,
on
one
hand…,
on
the
other
hand…
表转折：but,
yet,
although,
however,
instead,
on
the
contrary,
while…
表因果：since,
as,
because
(of)
,
so,
therefore（因而）,
thus（因而）,
for
this
reason
（由于这个原因）,
as
a
result
写作范文
Should
students
make
friends
on
line?
　　Some
people
say
yes.
The
internet
helps
make
many
friends.
Chatting
on
line,
students
can
more
freely
express
their
feelings
and
opinions,
and
even
get
help
with
their
foreign
language
studies.
Others,
however,
think
students
should
not.
They
say
making
friends
on
line
is
a
waste
of
time,
which
should
be
spent
more
meaningfully
on
study.
Besides,
some
students
get
cheated
on
line.
　　It
is
my
opinion
that
students
should
place
their
study,
health
and
safety
before
other
things.
As
for
friendship,
we
can
readily
find
it
in
our
classmates
and
other
people
around
us.话题语言应用
—
学校概况和课堂感受
语言积累
交际用语
下面对话反映了中国人的一些说话特点，你有吗？
A:
Did
you
go
to
the
bank
to
withdraw
money?
你去银行取钱了吗？
B:
Today
is
so
hot,
besides
I
had
so
much
housework
to
do.
My
friend
came
for
a
visit
and
stayed
for
two
hours.
I
didn’t
forget,
but
I
had
no
time
at
all.
今天很热，而且我有很多家务要做。我的朋友来玩，还呆了两个小时。我是没忘记，但我根本就没有时间。
A:
So
you
didn’t.
Is
that
right?
那么你没有去。是不是？
B:
Yes.
I’m
sorry.
是啊。我很抱歉。
A:
Why
didn’t
you
just
answer
my
question
directly?
Why
would
Chinese
answer
questions
this
way?
I
simply
asked
if
you
did
it
or
not.
It’s
a
very
simple
question.
And
Chinese
often
give
the
reason
before
they
would
give
a
direct
answer.
你为什么不就直接回答我的问题？为什么中国人会这么回答呢？我只是简单地问你有没有去。这个问题很简单。而中国人常常先说明理由再给答案。
B:
Yes,
I’m
sorry.
I
know
it
bothers
you
very
much.
But
I
don’t
know
why
Chinese
sometimes
would
do
this.
是，对不起。我知道你很烦这一点。但是我不知道为什么中国人有时候会这么做。
A:
You
know,
today
I
asked
a
student
if
he
brought
his
dictionary
with
him.
It’s
a
rule
I
made
for
the
class
that
everyone
brings
a
bilingual
dictionary
with
them
because
sometimes
they
don’t
understand
me.
The
funniest
thing
is
that
this
student
gave
me
a
lot
of
reasons
and
no
direct
answer.
你知道吗，今天我问一个学生他有没有带字典来。因为有时候班上的人听不懂我说的，所以我跟他们定了一个规定，那就是每个人带一本英汉字典。最可笑的事是这个学生给了我很多理由，没有一个直接的答案。
B:
But
you
know
if
he
brought
it
or
not,
right?
但是你知道他有没有带，是不是？
A:
Yeah,
after
all
the
explanations
like,
it’s
too
heavy,
I
was
in
a
hurry…whatever.
是，在所有的解释之后，比如太重了，我出门时很急……等等。
话题语句
跟学校有关的词句
education
教育
culture
文化
primary
education
初等教育
secondary
education
中等教育
higher
education
高等教育
school
year
学年
term,
trimester
学季
semester
学期
school
day
教学日
school
holidays
假期
curriculum
课程
subject
学科
discipline
纪律
timetable
课程表
class,
lesson
课
homework
家庭作业
exercise
练习
dictation
听写
spelling
mistake
拼写错误
(short)
course
短训班
seminar
研讨班
playtime,
break
课间,休息
course
(of
study)
学业
student
body
学生(总称)
classmate,
schoolmate
同学
pupil
小学生
student
大学生
schoolboy
男生
schoolgirl
女生
auditor
旁听生
grant,
scholarship,
fellowship
奖学金
holder
of
a
grant,
scholar,
fellow
奖学金获得者
school
uniform
校服
teaching
staff
教育工作者(总称)
teachers
教师(总称)
teacher
lecturer
大学老师
professor
教授
schooling
教授,授课
assistant
助教
headmaster
校长
(女性为:headmistress)
deputy
headmaster,
deputy
head
副校长
dean
教务长
laboratory
assistant,
lab
assistant
实验员
private
tutor
私人教师,家庭教师
games
master,
gym
teacher,
gym
instructor
体育教师
matriculation
注册
to
enroll
予以注册
to
take
lessons
(学生)上课
to
teach
(老师)上课
to
study
学习
to
learn
by
heart
记住,掌握
to
revise,
to
go
over
复习
to
test
考试
to
take
an
examination参加考试
examination
oral,
written
examination
口试,笔试
question
paper
试卷
to
pass
an
examination
/exam
通过考试
pass,
passing
grade
升级
to
fall
an
examination
未通过考试
failure
未考好
to
repeat
a
year
留级
degree
学位
graduate
毕业生
to
graduate
毕业
project,
thesis
毕业论文
doctor
博士
General
Certificate
of
Education
中学毕业证书
(美high
school
diploma)
校园生活相关表达
学习：
put
one’s
heart
into...
专注于
study
in
groups
小组学习
succeed
in
doing
sth.
成功做……
set/achieve
a
goal
设立/达到目标
be
active
in
class
课堂上活跃
improve
study
methods
改进学习方法
be
good
at/be
weak
in
擅长/不擅长
have
eight
classes
上八节课
learn...by
heart
熟记、背诵
major
in
history
主修历史
work
out
a
problem
算出一个问题
work
on
a
math
problem
计算一道数学题
成绩
fulfill
one’s
dream
实现梦想
one
of
the
top
students
顶尖学生之一
rank
the
first
排名第一
have
a
good
command
of
熟练掌握
get
a
bachelor’s
degree
取得学士学位
with
good
grades
in
成绩好
生活
keep/observe
school
rules
遵守校规
break
school
rules
违反校规
learn
to
be
independent
学会独立
get
on
well
with
sb./sth.相处愉快/进展顺利
have
exam
anxiety
考试焦虑
handle
pressure
处理压力
be
neatly
dressed
穿着整齐
form
a
good
habit
of
养成……的习惯
cheat
in
the
exam
考试作弊
get/jump
in
line
插队
throw
rubbish/
spit
everywhere
到处扔垃圾
师生关系
respect
one’s
teachers
and
parents
尊敬师长
be
friendly
to
sb.
对某人友好
know
sb.
really
well
很熟悉某人
be
strict
with
sb.
in
sth.
在某事上严格要求某人
treat
sb.
equally
平等对待某人
trust
each
other彼此信任
devote
all
one’s
time
to
work
工作兢兢业业
give
advice
on
sth.
就某事提出建议
make
one’s
lesson
lively
and
interesting
课上得生动有趣
teach
sb.
how
to
do
sth.
教某人怎样做
相关阅读
High
school
and
middle
school
in
UK
High
school：“In
Britain,
a
high
school
is
a
school
for
children
aged
between
eleven
and
eighteen.
In
the
United
States,
a
high
school
is
a
school
for
children
usually
aged
between
fourteen
and
eighteen.”
Middle
school：“In
Britain,
a
middle
school
is
a
state
school
that
children
go
to
between
the
ages
of
8
or
9
and
12
or
13.
In
the
United
States,
a
middle
school
is
a
school
for
children
in
the
fifth
to
eighth
grades,
between
the
ages
of
10
and
13
or
14.”
In
Britain
all
children
have
to
go
to
school
between
the
ages
of
5
and
16.
In
the
US
children
must
go
to
school
from
the
age
of
6
to
the
ages
between
14
and
16,
depending
on
the
state
they
live
in.
Subjects
In
England
and
Wales
the
subjects
taught
in
schools
are
laid
down
by
the
NATIONAL
CURRICULUM,
which
was
introduced
in
1988
and
sets
out
in
detail
the
subjects
that
children
should
study
and
the
levels
of
achievement
they
should
reach
by
the
ages
of
7,
11,
14
and
16,
when
they
are
tested.
The
National
Curriculum
does
not
apply
in
Scotland,
where
each
school
decides
what
subjects
it
will
teach.
In
the
US
the
subjects
taught
are
decided
by
national
and
local
governments.
Whereas
British
schools
usually
have
prayers
and
religious
instructions,
American
schools
are
not
allowed
to
include
prayers
or
to
teach
particular
religious
beliefs.
Examinations
At
16,
students
in
England
and
Wales
take
GCSE
examinations.
These
examinations
are
taken
by
students
of
all
levels
of
ability
in
any
of
a
range
of
subjects,
and
may
involve
a
final
examination,
an
ASSESSMENT(评估)
of
work
done
during
the
two-year
course,
or
both
of
these
things.
At
18
some
students
take
A-LEVEL
examinations,
usually
in
not
more
than
3
subjects.
It
is
necessary
to
have
A-levels
in
order
to
go
to
a
university
of
POLY-TECHNIC(综合技术).
In
Scotland
students
take
the
SCE
examinations.
A
year
later,
they
can
take
examinations
called
HIGHERS,
after
which
they
can
either
go
straight
to
a
university
or
spend
a
further
year
at
school
and
take
the
Certificate
of
Sixth
Year
Studies.
In
Scotland
the
university
system
is
different
from
that
in
England
and
Wales.
Courses
usually
last
four
years
rather
than
three,
and
students
study
a
large
number
of
subjects
as
part
of
their
degree.
Middle
School
Students
in
America
　　Secondary
education
in
America,
which
is
known
as“high
school”in
general,
is
in
one
period
or
divided
into
two
periods.
The
first
two
or
three
years
are
called“junior
high
school”and
the
senior
classes
are
called“senior
high
school”.
These
two
periods
are
similar
to
the
names
used
in
our
country.
　　American
students
enjoy
free
education
until
they
are
eighteen
years
old.
This
is
different
from
what
students
do
in
our
country,
because,
you
know,
children
in
China
receive
free
education
of
nine
years,
no
matter
how
old
they
are
when
they
graduate
from
senior
high
school.
American
children
have
little
difficulty
in
going
to
senior
high
school
because
of
the
free
education
system.
But
things
are
different
if
they
want
to
go
to
special
schools
or
classes
which
are
set
up
for
children
showing
academic
ability.
　　High
school
students
in
America
take
part
in
many
activities
outside
the
classroom,
such
as
joining
a
musical
group
or
a
sports
team.
Among
those
activities,
perhaps,
the
football
team
is
the
most
important.
But
just
as
middle
school
students
do
in
our
country,
American
students
in
high
schools
have
to
work
hard
if
they
want
to
go
on
to
a
university
of
high
reputation
after
they
finish
high
school
because
these
universities
take
in
senior
high
school
students
with
high
marks.
　　American
high
school
students
do
not
specialize
in
any
particular
direction,
and
they
take
classes
in
all
kinds
of
subjects
all
through
the
high
school
period.
Sometimes
some
of
them
complain
that
the
progress
is
too
slow
and
they
do
not
learn
much.
This
is
because
students
of
all
levels
of
academic
ability
study
in
the
same
school
and
in
the
same
class.
Those
who
come
out
with
low
marks
at
the
end
of
a
school
year
to
be
supposed
to
repeat
a
grade
are
often
allowed
to
go
on
to
the
next
grade.
　　Many
children
who
do
not
want
to
go
to
school
are
sent
to
high
schools
in
central
city
areas.
So
fighting
or
hurting
or
other
kinds
of
bad
behaviors
is
often
seen
in
these
schools.
As
a
result,
children
who
want
to
go
to
universities
are
often
sent
to
suburban
high
schools,
where
most
students
aim
at
going
to
universities
and
the
atmosphere
is
quite
different.
Like
what
happens
in
China,
some
children
from
rich
families
study
in
private
schools.
Notes
:
academic
学术（方面）的
reputation
名声、名气
complain
抱怨
suburban
郊区的
aim
at
瞄准、以……为目的
private
schools
私立学校
写作运用
写作要求
　假如你是王林，进入高中后，开始了紧张的学习和更加丰富的生活，认识了一些新同学和新老师，请你给你初中时的好朋友李华写一封e?mail，介绍一下你目前的学习及生活情况。词数：100～120。
步骤分析
一、审题，做到“四确定”：
1.
体裁格式：书信格式
How
to
write
an
email?
电子邮件格式
From:
sender’
email
address
To:
receiver’
email
address
Topic:
key
words
of
the
letter
Body:
just
as
you
write
a
letter
Paragraph
patterns:
Thanks
for
your
email…
对对方来信的回应
I’m
writing
to
tell
…
谈自己的情况
I
am
looking
forward
to
hearing
from
you
soon.
结束语
2．主体时态：一般现在时
3．中心人称：第一人称
4．内容要点：
好久不见，问好；
介绍新学校、新班级、新同学、新老师及课堂情况；
介绍课外活动情况；
询问对方的情况；
盼望回信。
二、选择恰当词语和句型
。
三、连词成句，连句成文。
四、检查是否有拼写错误或语法错误。
写作范文
Dear
Li
Hua,
How’s
it
going?
It’s
three
months
since
I
entered
my
high
school.
Now,
I’d
like
to
give
you
a
description
of
my
new
school.
My
new
school
is
a
well-known
school
with
a
long
history.
There
are
50
classes,
more
than
300
teachers
and
over
3,
500
students
in
my
school.
At
the
start
of
this
school
year,
I
was
deeply
impressed
with
its
high
technology.
Every
classroom
is
equipped
with
a
computer,
through
which
we
can
look
up
the
information
we
need
on
different
websites.
At
first
I
didn’t
know
how
to
use
the
computer,
and
I
felt
very
embarrassed.
But
my
new
classmates
were
so
enthusiastic
that
they
taught
me
how
to
use
it.
My
fear
of
being
lonely
disappeared
quickly.
I’m
now
in
Class
Eight,
Grade
One.
All
my
teachers
have
good
attitudes
to
their
work,
especially
our
English
teacher,
Miss
Li.
She
uses
more
interesting
methods
to
teach
us
English
than
my
previous
teachers.
We
never
feel
bored
in
her
class.
Miss
Li
gives
us
lots
of
instructions
on
how
to
improve
our
reading
comprehension.
Her
fluency
in
English
amazes
me.
When
we
make
mistakes,
she
makes
corrections
and
gives
us
encouragement.
All
of
us
like
her.
We
usually
get
up
at
6:
30
and
our
class
starts
at
8:
00.
We
often
take
part
in
after?school
activities,
such
as
playing
football
or
basketball.
Looking
forward
to
hearing
from
you
soon.
Yours，
Wang
Lin话题语言应用——学无止境
语言积累
交际用语
Firstly...secondly...finally...
第一……第二……最后……
First...Next...After
that...Lastly...
首先……接着……然后……最后……
First...then...next...
首先……然后……接着……
On
one
hand...on
the
other
hand...
一方面……，另一方面……
Where
do
we
go
from
here?
我们下一步干什么呢？
Keep
the
noise
down.
小声点说话。
You’ve
got
it!
你懂了！
It’s
your
turn.
该你了。
Go
ahead!
去（做）吧！
话题语句（1）
学科相关词汇
Chinese语文
English英语
Japanese日语
mathematics数学
science科学
gymnastics体育
history历史
algebra代数
geometry几何
geography地理
biology生物
chemistry化学
biochemistry生物化学
physics物理
literature文学
sociology社会学
linguistics语言学
psychology心理学
philosophy哲学
engineering工程学
medicine医学
social
science社会科学
agriculture农学
astronomy天文学
economics经济学
politics政治学
commercial
science商学
physical
geography地球物理
philosophy哲学
logic逻辑学
ethics伦理学
aesthetics美学
science
of
Religion宗教学
statistics统计学
education
Science
教育学
journalism新闻学
communication传播学
geology地质学
ecology生态学
话题语句（2）
（1）A
brief
introduction
to
Alfred
Nobel
Alfred
Nobel
was
born
in
Stockholm,
Sweden
on
October
21,
1833.
He
had
a
gentle
and
wise
mother,
and
his
father
was
a
scientist,
too.
With
this
advantages
Nobel
learned
kinds
of
languages
and
knowledge
especially
in
chemistry.
When
he
grew
up,
he
determined
to
invent
and
improve
the
explosive.
Surviving
from
a
lot
of
dangers,
finally
he
succeeded.
The
explosive
invented
by
Nobel
has
changed
our
world
a
lot.
Now
we
know
Nobel
is
a
famous
chemist,
engineer,
inventor
and
munitions
businessman.
Though
Nobel
was
so
outstanding,
he
was
still
so
modest
and
selfless.
He
loved
science,
literature
and
he
cared
much
about
world
peace
and
the
happiness
of
human
being.
When
he
passed
away,
he
left
us
his
great
will.
He
devoted
almost
all
his
property
to
the
development
of
human.
Every
year
the
interest
of
his
property
is
divided
into
five
parts,
and
awarded
to
the
people
who
make
the
greatest
contribution
to
the
world
in
peace,
literature,
physics,
chemistry
and
medical
science
field.
His
name
will
be
remembered
forever
along
with
the
Nobel
Prize.
Since
1901,
the
Nobel
Prize
has
been
honoring
men
and
women
from
all
corners
of
the
global
for
outstanding
achievements
in
physics,
chemistry,
medicine,
literature
and
for
work
in
peace.
The
foundation
for
the
prize
were
laid
in
1895
when
Alfred
Nobel
wrote
his
last
will,
leaving
most
of
his
wealth
to
the
establishment
of
the
Nobel
Prize.
（2）
Edison
and
His
Experiments?
Thomas
Edison
was
interested
in
science
at
an
early
age.
In
order
to
earn
money
for
books
and
for
his
scientific
experiments,
Thomas
sold
vegetables
from
the
family
garden.
This
work
did
not
make
enough
money,
and
so
he
began
to
sell
newspapers.
He
traveled
on
trains
to
sell
his
newspapers.
He
began
to
do
experiments
on
the
trains
too,
and
he
brought
a
lot
of
instruments
and
chemicals
on
them.
The
railway
line
was
not
very
good,
and
one
day
a
train
suddenly
shook
a
lot
during
a
turn.
Edison
had
a
piece
of
phosphorus(磷)
among
his
chemicals.
Everything
in
the
train
shook,
and
the
phosphorus
fell
on
the
floor.
It
began
to
burn,
as
phosphorus
often
does.
The
train
was
soon
burning.
The
conductor
of
the
train
was
so
angry
that
he
threw
Thomas
and
all
his
equipment
off
the
train
at
the
next
station.?
After
that
Edison
worked
as
a
telegraph
operator.
As
an
operator
he
had
to
work
at
night.
During
the
day
he
read
books
and
did
experiments.
The
result
was
that
he
was
very
tired.
Sometimes
he
slept
at
night
so
the
other
operators
got
angry
with
him.
When
they
sent
a
message,
Edison
did
not
give
an
answer.
They
found
that
he
was
often
asleep.
They
soon
found
a
way
to
keep
him
awake.
They
told
him
to
telegraph
the
letter
“A”
every
hour.
In
order
to
do
this,
he
had
to
stay
awake.?
Edison
did
not
like
this
at
all.
He
was
too
tired,
so
he
invented
a
new
instrument
which
sent
the
letter
“A”
every
hour.
It
never
failed,
for
instruments
are
not
like
people
and
they
never
forget
to
do
what
they
are
told
to.
The
other
operators
received
the
letter
“A”
every
hour.?
They
could
not
believe
it.
They
also
could
not
believe
that
Edison
was
such
a
foolish
man.
One
night
they
went
quietly
to
his
room.
When
they
looked
inside,
they
found
that
Edison
was
there
sleeping,
and
his
instrument
was
sending
the
letter
“A”!
（3）
The
twentieth
century
saw
greater
changes
than
any
century
before:
changes
for
the
better,
changes
for
the
worse,
changes
that
brought
a
lot
of
benefits
to
human
beings,
changes
that
put
man
in
danger.
Many
things
caused
the
changes,
but,
in
my
opinion,
the
most
important
was
the
progress
in
science.?
Scientific
research
in
physics
and
biology
has
vastly
broadened
our
views.
It
has
given
us
a
deeper
knowledge
of
the
structure
of
matter
and
of
the
universe；it
has
brought
us
a
better
under-
standing
of
the
nature
of
life
and
of
its
continuous
development.
Technology
in
the
application
of
science
has
made
big
advances
that
have
benefited
us
in
nearly
every
part
of
life.?
The
continuation
of
such
activities
in
the
twenty-first
century
will
result
in
even
greater
advantages
to
human
beings：in
pure
science—a
wider
and
deeper
knowledge
in
all
fields
of
learning；in
applied
science—a
more
reasonable
sharing
of
material
benefits,
and
better
protection
of
the
environment.?
Sadly,
however,
there
is
another
side
to
the
picture.
The
creativity
of
science
has
been
employed
in
doing
damage
to
mankind.
The
application
of
science
and
technology
to
the
development
and
production
of
weapons
of
mass
destruction
has
created
a
real
danger
to
the
continued
existence
of
the
human
race
on
this
planet.
We
have
seen
this
happen
in
the
case
of
nuclear
weapons.
Although
their
actual
use
has
so
far
occurred
only
in
the
Second
World
War,
the
number
of
nuclear
weapons
that
were
produced
and
made
ready
for
use
was
so
large
that
if
the
weapons
had
actually
been
used,
the
result
could
have
been
the
ruin
of
the
human
race,
as
well
as
of
many
kinds
of
animals.
William
Shakespeare
said,
“The
web
of
our
life
is
of
a
mingled
yarn
(纱线),
good
and
ill
together.”
The
above
brief
review
of
the
application
of
only
one
part
of
human
activities—science
seems
to
prove
what
Shakespeare
said.
But
does
it
have
to
be
so?
Must
the
ill
always
go
together
with
the
good?
Are
we
biologically
programmed
for
war?
写作运用
写作要求
根据下面表格中的内容，写一篇短文，说明整个实验的内容。词数：100-120
words
实验目的
不打破鸡蛋取走蛋壳
实验用品
一只玻璃杯，一个小煮锅（saucepan），水，一个鸡蛋，大约250毫升醋（vinegar）。
实验步骤
先把鸡蛋在锅中煮15分钟左右；把鸡蛋放在玻璃杯中；往玻璃杯中加醋，醋要漫过鸡蛋；把鸡蛋在醋中浸泡24小时。
实验结果
24小时后，鸡蛋壳完全消失
写作指导：
1.
有关实验的写作不带感彩，不需要生动的描写，只需要客观阐述。它以说明清楚为目的，知识性和严谨是它的特点。这种文章需要真实可靠。
2.
实验说明文需要客观介绍整个过程。行文按照实验目的、实验材料、实验步骤、实验结果和实验结论的顺序进行。
常用句型：
开篇说明实验目的，常用The
aim
of
the
experiment
is
to...开始。
说明要用到的实验用具，常用：To
carry
out
the
experiment,
you
need...句型。
实验方法和实验过程常用到下列过渡词：first,
then,
after
that,
finally...
多用祈使句型。
写作范文：
Brief
Introduction
of
an
Experiment
The
aim
of
the
experiment
is
to
move
the
shell
from
an
egg
without
breaking
the
egg.
To
carry
out
the
experiment,
you
need
the
following
things:
a
glass,
a
saucepan,
some
water,
an
egg
and
about
250
ml
vinegar.
When
all
the
things
are
ready,
you
can
begin
the
experiment/
First,
boil
the
egg
for
about
15
minutes
in
a
pot
filled
with
water.
Next,
place
the
egg
in
the
glass
and
cover
it
with
vinegar.
After
that,
leave
the
egg
in
the
vinegar
for
24
hours.
24
hours
later,
you
can
see
the
shell
disappear
completely.
The
shell
disappears
because
it
is
made
up
of
calcium
carbonate
while
the
vinegar
is
an
acid.
The
two
substances
react
to
from
the
gas,
carbon
dioxide.巩固练习
一、单项选择
1.
The
system
has
been
designed
to
give
students
quick
and
easy
________
to
the
digital
resources
of
the
library.
A.
access
B.
passage
C.
way
D.
approach
2.
Drunk
driving,
which
was
once
a
_______
occurrence,
is
now
under
control.
A.
general
B.
frequent
C.
normal
D.
particular
3.
Duty
is
an
act
or
a
course
of
action
that
people
________
you
to
take
by
social
customs,
law
or
religion.
A.
persuade
B.
request
C.
instruct
D.
expect
4.
The
fact
that
she
was
foreigner
made
________
difficult
for
her
to
get
a
job
in
that
country.
A.
so
B.
much
C.
that
D.
it
5.
Frank
put
the
medicine
in
the
top
drawer
to
make
sure
it
would
not
be
________
to
the
kids.
A.
accessible
B.
relative
C.
acceptable
D.
sensitive
6.
Little
Johnny
felt
the
bag,
curious
to
know
what
it
________.
A.
collected
B.
contained
C.
loaded
D.
saved
7.
Students
close
their
eyes,
________
the
object
they
have
chosen,
and
use
their
body
to
show
what
the
object
feels
like.
A.
concentrate
on
B.
concentrating
on
C.
concentrate
in
D.
concentrating
in
8.
Our
class
________
50
students.
A.
consists
in
B.
consists
of
C.
consists
with
D.
makes
up
9.
There
is
too
much
noise
outside；I
can
not
________
my
attention
on
my
book.
A.
fill
B.
connect
C.
flat
D.
concentrate
10.
—Have
you
________
some
new
ideas?
—Yeah,
I’ll
tell
you
later.
A.
come
about
B.
come
into
C.
come
up
with
D.
come
out
with
11.
The
book
________
forty
maps,
________
three
of
Great
Britain.
A.
contains；includes
B.
is
containing；including
C.
includes；contains
D.
contains；including
12.
The
task
is
not
difficult
as
________.
A.
expect
B.
expected
C.
expecting
D.
to
expect
二、句子翻译
1.
到达花园的唯一途径就是穿过厨房。
________________________________________________________________________
2.
这本书里包含你所需要的所有信息。(contain)
________________________________________________________________________
3.
你见过图书馆的最新设计图吗？(design)
________________________________________________________________________
4.
他专注于自己的工作。(concentrate)
________________________________________________________________________
5.
初学者的画不能与专家的画相比较。(compare)
________________________________________________________________________
三、完形填空
When
I
was
a
college
student,
I
did
a
lot
of
traveling
abroad.
That
was
because
a
professor
__1__
me
to
do
so.
She
said,
“Now
is
the
time
for
you
to
travel
around
the
world,
__2__
your
knowledge
through
actual
experiences
and
have
fun!”
I
__3__
her.
Since
I
started
to
work
for
a
__4__
company,
however,
I
have
done
most
of
my
traveling
through
the
Internet.
By
using
the
Internet,
I
have
seen
the
__5__
of
many
cities
on
my
computer
screen.
And
I
have
really
made
business
__6__,
too.
With
the
help
of
the
Internet,
I
have
also
got
__7__
about
food
in
different
countries.
Therefore,
I
was
beginning
to
feel
that
actual
tries
were
__8__
necessary
when
I
happened
to
read
a
famous
chef’s(厨师)comment
on
the
Internet.
He
said,
“It
is
very
difficult
to
have
real
Italian
food
in
a
foreign
country,
because
we
enjoy
food
and
the
__9__
around
us
at
the
same
time.
So
why
don’t
you
fly
over
to
Italy
and
enjoy
real
Italian
__10__？”
Those
words
reminded
me
of
my
__11__
advice.
As
information
technology
__12__,
you
might
be
able
to
do
without
making
some
real
trips.
But
this
also
means
that
you
will
miss
the
various
__13__
you
can
get
from
traveling.
Today
there
are
people
who
__14__
direct
communication
with
others
and
spend
much
of
their
time
on
the
Internet.
It
is
not
surprising
to
see
a
group
of
people
__15__
not
with
each
other
but
into
their
micro
phones.
It
seems
as
if
such
people
are
__16__
by
an
invisible
wall.
They
seem
to
be
losing
out
on
a
good
chance
to
__17__
and
talk
with
other
people.
I
do
not
think
that
they
are
taking
good
advantage
of
information
technology.
We
should
use
information
technology
as
a
tool
to
make
our
daily
__18__
more
fruitful.
However,
we
should
never
let
it
__19__
our
time
for
face-to-face
communication.
Let’s
make
sure
of
information
technology
more
__20__,
and
have
great
fun
in
experiencing
the
actual
world.
1.
A.
promised
B.
allowed
C.
hurried
D.
encouraged
2.
A.
build
up
B.
use
C.
practise
D.
exchange
3.
A.
agreed
with
B.
learned
from
C.
followed
D.
obeyed
4.
A.
computer
B.
food
C.
clothing
D.
machine
5.
A.
life
B.
rivers
C.
sights
D.
houses
6.
A.
plans
B.
bargain
C.
progress
D.
trips
7.
A.
information
B.
taste
C.
cooks
D.
feelings
8.
A.
even
more
B.
no
longer
C.
much
D.
actually
9.
A.
people
B.
drink
C.
atmosphere
D.
environment
10.
A.
shoes
B.
dishes
C.
customers
D.
situations
11.
A.
friends’
B.
parents’
C.
professor’s
D.
boss’s
12.
A.
produces
B.
advertises
C.
forms
D.
advances
13.
A.
news
B.
pleasures
C.
troubles
D.
places
14.
A.
avoid
B.
keep
C.
lose
D.
enjoy
15.
A.
meeting
B.
talking
C.
communicating
D.
traveling
16.
A.
stopped
B.
met
C.
surrounded
D.
hurt
17.
A.
look
at
B.
employ
C.
travel
D.
meet
18.
A.
communication
B.
study
C.
work
D.
action
19.
A.
spare
B.
increase
C.
reduce
D.
make
use
of
20.
A.
wisely
B.
correctly
C.
or
less
D.
slowly
四、阅读理解
Very
attractive
young
female,
accountant
of
foreign
sole
funded
enterprise,
cute
and
of
good
character,
22years
old,
philosophical,
creative,
financially
well,
enjoys
music,
painting,
reading,
would
like
to
meet
an
intelligent,
handsome
and
sincere
male
for
friendship,
leading
to
possible
permanent
relationship.
Your
age
24~30.
Let’s
talk.
Your
photo
gets
mine.
Please
send
email
to
zssyjy@163.com.Or
call
me
on
028?80797316.
A
handsome
and
honest
male,
born
in
1980,
5ft
7,
manager
of
the
computer
engineering
dept.
of
a
computer
company,
kind-hearted,
industrious,
upright
and
financially
well,
likes
literature,
music,
wants
to
meet
an
amicable
and
amiable
and
amenable?
female
for
friendship.
If
interested,
please
contact
Mrs.
Wang
Ling,
274
Zhongshan
Road,
Shanghai
or
call
me
on
021-67898688.
Is
there
a
girl
out
there,
in
her
20s,
who
is
genuine,
honest
and
caring,
sincere
and
looking
for
a
guy
with
similar
attribute
for
friendship
and
leading
to
relationship.
Letters
with
latest
photos
are
to
be
answered.
Please
send
email
to
zsszxxk@163.com.Call
me
at
0551-7654322.
Lady
26,
separated,
enjoys
travel,
music,
sports,
pets,
pubs
and
dining
out,
wishes
to
meet
a
male
24～35
for
friendship.
Latest
photo
will
be
appreciated.
Visits
unnecessary.
Please
send
e?mail
to
zsszrc@163.com.Call
me
on
023-76894366.
Male,
attractive
and
slim,
29,
fit,
6ft,
seeks
same
female,
age
not
important,
for
relationship
and
love.
Please
send
e?mail
to
zssyqt@163.com.Call
me
on
0871-9876898.
1.
What
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
Service
Advertisement
B.
Invitation
for
a
Bid
C.
Positions
Wanted
D.
Lonely-hearts
Advertisement
2.
If
a
male
is
looking
for
a
companion
who
is
good
at
managing
money,
which
telephone
number
will
he
dial?
A.
028-80797316.
B.
021-67898688.
C.
0551-7654322.
D.
023-76894366.
3.
If
a
female
is
looking
for
a
lover
who
is
over
1.8
meters,
where
will
she
send
her
e?mail
to?
A.
zssyjy@163.com.
B.
zsszxxk@163.com.
C.
zsszrc@163.com.
D.
zssyqt@163.com.
4.
Where
is
NOT
this
advertisement
most
probably
found?
A.
In
a
newspaper.
B.
On
a
Web
page.
C.
In
a
magazine.
D.
On
a
story?telling
program.
五、书面表达
动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以日记的形式记录当天的活动内容。
注意：词数不少于120。
提示词：宣传材料leaflets；危机crisis
March
22,
2014　Saturday
Sunny
Today
is
World
Water
Day.
__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________[:Z.xx.k.Com]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1.
A。句意：新设计的系统能够让学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的电子资源。这里give...access
to...是固定词组，表示“能得到，能进入”，所以选A。
2.
B。句意：酒后驾车在过去曾经是经常发生的事情，现在已经被控制住了。general普遍的，全面的，总体的，整体的；frequent时常发生的，常见的；normal正常的；particular特殊的，特别的，特有的。
3.
D。expect
sb.
to
do
sth.
期待某人做某事，这里表示“义务是人们期待你依据法律、社会风俗等所采取的举动”。
4.
D。句中for
her
to
get
a
job
in
that
country是动词不定式的复合结构作made的宾语，difficult是宾语补足语，此处要用it作形式宾语。句意：她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到工作。
5.
A。be
accessible
to…
为……能够接近；be
relative
to…
和……有关系；be
acceptable
to…为……所接受；be
sensitive
to…
对……敏感，易接受。
6.
B。根据句意：……好奇包里装了什么。collect收集；contain包含，装有；load装载；save节约，拯救。故选B选项。
7.
A。concentrate
on
是固定搭配，意思是“集中注意力于……”；此外，本句的谓语动词是由and连接的三个连续的动作，故concentrate
也应用一般现在时。
8.
B。句意：我们班由50名学生组成。consist
in在于，存在于；consist
with并存，一致；make
up构成，组成，这里应用be
made
up
of结构；consist
of“由……组成”为常用搭配，答案为B。
9.
D。句意为：“外面噪音太大；我不能集中精力看书。”concentrate
my
attention
on
my
book表示“把精力集中于书”；fill注入；connect连接；flat平的。
10.C。come
about发生，产生；come
into进入；come
out
with与……出来，都不符合题意，只有come
up
with提出(想法、意见等)。
11.
D。contain意为“包含；容纳”，侧重内容；include意为“包括”，侧重组成部分；including为介词“包括”。contain和include都不能用于进行时态。书中含有40幅地图，侧重书的内容，所以第一个空contains；第二个空应用介词including，后面接宾语，表示“包括”。
12.
B。该题句意为“这项任务不像预料的那么难。”as
expected相当于as
it
was
expected。
二、句子翻译
1.
The
only
access
to
the
garden
is
through
the
kitchen.
2.
The
book
contains
all
the
information
you
need.
3.
Have
you
seen
the
latest
designs
for
the
library?
4.
He
has
concentrated
on
his
work.
5.
A
beginner’s
painting
can’t
be
compared
to/with
that
of
an
expert.
三、完形填空
本文是一篇议论文，讨论信息技术给人们的日常生活带来的利与弊。试题有一定的难度，解题时不仅要注意句子中的词语搭配，更要从整体上把握文章的结构，按照文章的行文逻辑进行合理的推断。
1.
D。根据下文可知，“我”的一位教授鼓励“我”这样做。
2.
A。build
up“逐渐获得，建立”。通过真实的经历建立自己的知识体系。
3.
A。agree
with
sb.
同意/赞成某人(的话)
。
4.
B。根据下文“I
have
also
got
__7__
about
food
in
different
countries.”可得出答案。
5.
C。sights“风景、景色、名胜”，符合语境。
6.
D。与上文“I
have
done
most
of
my
traveling
through
the
Internet.”相对照。
7.
A。在因特网的帮助下，“我”获得了不同国家有关食品的信息。
8.
B。由第二段可知通过Internet便可浏览到所需信息，所以作者觉得实地旅行“不再”是必要的。
9.
C。
atmosphere“气氛”，我们在享受食物的同时也享受周围的气氛。
10.
B。上文讲述的是关于品尝意大利美食的事情。此题与之相对应，故选dishes(菜)。
11.
C。根据第一段可知是“教授”提的建议，其他几项文中均未提及。
12.
D。随着信息技术的进步/发展(advance)。
13.
B。从旅行中能获得许多乐趣。
14.
A。根据下文中“spend
much
of
their
time
on
the
Internet”和“It
is
not
surprising
to
see...but
into
their
micro
phones.”可确定答案为A。
15.
B。根据下文“...not
with
each
other
but
into
their
micro
phones...”可选出答案B。若选C项，communicating
into...phones为错误搭配。
16.
C。这样的人好似被一堵看不见的墙所包围。
17.
D。人与人之间好像没有机会见面和彼此交谈。
18.
A。与上下文相对应，这一段讲的是人们的交流情况。
19.
C。虽然信息技术能使我们的日常交流更有成效，但是，绝不能让网络技术减少我们面对面交流的时间。
20.
A。我们应更加明智地利用信息技术。
四、阅读理解
1.
D。主旨大意题。根据上下文，可以判断这是几则征婚广告。
2.
A。细节理解题。根据第一则征婚广告中的financially
well可判断选A。
3.
D。推理判断题。根据第五则征婚广告，可以得到：6×0.3048=1.83(meters)，答案D符合要求。
4.
D。推理判断题。根据常识，征婚广告通常出现在报纸、网页或杂志上。
五、书面表达
One
possible
version:
March
22,
2014　Saturday
Sunny
Today
is
World
Water
Day.
In
the
morning,
we
had
a
class
meeting
talking
about
what
to
do
on
this
special
day.
Finally,
we
reached
an
agreement
and
immediately
began
to
make
preparations
for
the
afternoon's
activities.
At
2：00
p.m.,
we
went
to
the
neighboring
community
to
hand
out
leaflets,
calling
on
people
to
save
water.
Around
3
o’clock,
the
expert
we
invited
made
an
excellent
speech
on
the
current
water
crisis
in
China.
He
talked
about
the
draught
in
the
southeast
and
the
severe
shortage
of
water
in
our
city.
The
speech
had
a
strong
appeal
to
all
the
people
present,
including
me.
After
the
speech,
we
had
a
discussion
with
our
neighbors
about
various
ways
of
saving
water
in
our
daily
life.
I
suggested
turning
off
the
tap
water
immediately
after
using,
and
a
granny
came
up
with
the
idea
of
reusing
the
water
from
kitchen.
For
example,
the
water
which
we
have
used
for
washing
fruits
and
vegetables
can
be
used
to
water
flowers
and
so
on.
Today,
I
have
had
a
better
understanding
of
the
importance
of
saving
water
and
really
learned
a
lot
about
saving
water.Module
4
A
Social
Survey
—
My
Neighbourhood
重点单词
1.local
adj.地方的；局部的
2.hometown
n.家乡3.pretty
adv.很；相当4.sound
vi.听起来
5.tourist
n.旅游者；观光客
6.bother
vt.打扰；烦扰；麻烦
7.rent
n.租金
8.approach
vt.接近
9.starve
vi.饿死
10.park
vt.停车
11.traffic
n.交通
12.contact
vt.联络；联系(某人)
13.exchange
vt.交换
重点短语
put
up,
pay
back,
so
far,
a
number
of
重点句型
It
is\has
been
+
time
+
since从句
This
is/was＋第几次＋(that)＋sb.
+
have/has/had
done
sth.
知识讲解
重点短语
put
up
【原句回放】They
have
put
up
a
lot
of
high-rise
buildings
recently.
他们最近建造了很多高楼大厦。
【点拨】put
up搭建；张贴；举起；住宿；提高。
If
you
have
any
questions,
put
up
your
hands.
如果有问题，请举手。
We
can
easily
put
you
up
for
the
night.
我们可以很容易地安排你的住宿。
Please
put
up
the
timetable
on
the
wall.
请把时间表贴到墙上。
【拓展】相关短语
put
away
把……收起来，放好；储存
put
forward
提出(意见、建议等)
put
down
放下；写下，记下；镇压
put
on
穿上；戴上；上演；假装，伪装
put
off
推迟；拖延
put
out
扑灭(火)；放出；摆出；生产；出版
put
up
with
忍受；忍耐
put
aside
储存；把……放到一边
pay
back
【原句回放】He
has
borrowed
some
money
from
me.
I
hope
he
pays
me
back
next
week.
他从我这里借了些钱。我希望他下周归还我。
【点拨】pay
back归还；报复
During
the
next
ten
years
they
both
worked
day
and
night
to
pay
back
the
money
they
had
borrowed.
接下来的10年里，他们俩人为了偿还这笔借款昼夜工作。
I’ll
pay
him
back
for
the
trick
he
played
on
me.
他对我使坏，我得治治他。
【拓展】pay的相关短语
pay
sb.
付给某人(钱、工资等)
pay
for付……的钱；为某事付出代价
pay
sb.
money
for
sth.
因某事付给某人钱
pay
off
还清(债务等)；取得成功；奏效
pay
up
付清全部欠款
so
far
【原句回放】It’s
been
very
successful,
so
far.
到目前为止非常成功。
【点拨】so
far“到目前为止”，常用于完成时的句子中，有时可以放在句首，有时还可以置于句中或句末。同义短语为up
to
now/till
now。
This
arrangement
is
quite
satisfactory,
so
far
as
I
am
concerned.
就我来说，这样的安排很好。
How
many
of
our
salesmen
have
phoned
in
so
far?
到目前为止，我们有几个推销员打电话来汇报过情况了？
How
many
of
the
companies
have
contracted
in
so
far?
到目前为止已有多少公司承诺加入呢？
【拓展】常见的由far构成的短语还有：
so
far
as
尽……说；就……而论
by
far(修饰比较级，最高级，表示数量、程度等)……得多；尤其；更
far
from远离；决非；完全不
far
and
wide普遍；到处；广泛地
a
number
of
【原句回放】There
are
a
number
of
reasons
for
this.
这有多种原因。
【点拨】a
number
of
“一些，许多”，也可以写作numbers
of，后接可数名词复数。number之前可以用large，great，huge，good，small等词修饰，表示数量的多少。该短语所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
There
are
a
great
number
of
English
readings
in
our
library.
我们图书馆里有很多英语读物。
A
number
of
new
products
have
been
successfully
trial-produced.
许多新产品已试制成功。
【拓展】the
number
of的意思是：“……的数目、数量”，后接可数名词复数，但作主语时谓语动词用单数。
Today
the
number
of
people
learning
English
in
China
is
increasing
rapidly.
目前在中国学习英语的人数正在增加。
重点句型
It
is\has
been
+
time
+
since从句
【原句回放】
It’s
been
six
years
since
we
last
saw
each
other，you
know.
你知道，自从我们上次见面已经6年了。
【点拨】It
is+一段时间+since+从句，表示“自从……以来已有……”。本句型中be的形式既可用一般现在时又可用现在完成时，但since从句中的谓语动词一定要用过去时。since从句中的动词若是非延续性动词，句子意思是肯定含义，即：自从干……至今已多久了。从句中的谓语动词若是延续性的，句子意思是否定含义，即“自从不干……已经多久了”。
It
is
just
a
week
since
we
arrived
here.
我们到这儿刚刚一星期。
It
was
long
before+从句
在……(很久之后)才
It
was
not
long
before+从句
不多久就……
It
will
be
long
before+从句
要过多久……才……
It
will
not
be
long
before+从句
大概不久就会
这是一组常用句型。主句的谓语可以用will
(not)
be来表示将来时，long可换成hours,
weeks,
months,
years等，表示“好多个小时，星期，月，年等”。
It
is
nearly
two
months
since
we
entered
No.
1
Middle
School.
自从我们进入一中，到现在已近两个月了。
It
has
been
five
years
since
I
came
back
from
abroad.
我从国外回来已经五年了。
This
is/was＋第几次＋(that)＋sb.
+
have/has/had
done
sth.
【原句回放】This
is
the
first
time
I’ve
visited
your
hometown.
这是我第一次到你的家乡来。
【点拨】This/It
is
the
first/second/其他序数词/last
time
+
that从句，意思是“这是某人第一/二/几/最后一次做某事”，其中that引导定语从句，that在口语中常省略。
在以上句型中，主句谓语动词使用is，定语从句用现在完成时；主句谓语动词使用was，定语从句用过去完成时。
表达“是某人做某事的时候了”的句型有：
It
is
time
for
n./pron.
It
is
time
(for
sb.)
to
do...
It’s
time
that+从句(从句使用一般过去时或主语+should
do，此时should不能省略，其中time前可以用high修饰。)
Isn’t
it
time
you
made
your
life
easier?
不该是你让生活更轻松的时候了吗？
This
was
the
first
time
that
I
had
written
in
English.
这是我第一次用英语写东西。
现在完成时的被动语态
语法点拨
概念引入
Over
time
I
have
been
changed
quite
a
lot
Since
the
1970s
many
new
applications
have
been
found
for
me
I
have
also
been
put
into
robots
and
used
to
make
mobile
phones
as
well
as
help
with
medical
operations.
语法讲解
【高清课堂B2U2语法：被动语态】
Ⅰ被动语态的概念
1.
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
2.
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者
例如：Many
people
speak
Chinese.
3.
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受着。
例如：上句可变为
_Chinese
is
spoken
by
many
people.
为什么要用被动语态？
当关注的是事情本身而不是动作的执行者，或者根本不知道动作的执行者时。如:
The
meeting
was
put
off.
My
car
has
been
moved.　　　
动作的执行者很明确时或强调承受者时。
The
ceremony
was
reported
in
the
news
last
night.
If
you
break
the
school
rules,
you
will
be
punished.
当动作的执行者是“people”或
“one”
时。
He
is
believed
to
have
invented
the
computer.
Advertisements
are
seen
everywhere.
修辞的需要，为了使句子更加简练、匀称
II.
被动语态的各种时态
1.一般现在时：
2.
一般过去时：
3.
一般将来时：
4.
现在进行时：
5.
过去进行时：
6.
现在完成时：
7.
过去完成时：
8.
过去将来时：
边讲边练：翻译句子
1.
全世界越来越多的人讲汉语。
Chinese
is
spoken
by
more
and
more
people
in
the
world.
2.
1949年中华人民共和国成立。
People’s
Republic
of
China
was
founded
in
1949.
3.明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
The
problem
will
be
discussed
tomorrow.
4.
纸张一直被认为是中国最重要的发明之一。
Paper
has
been
considered
as
one
of
the
most
important
inventions
in
China.
5.我的自行车正在修理。
My
bike
is
being
repaired.
6.我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
The
book
had
been
borrowed
when
I
got
to
the
library.
主动变被动一般规律
All
the
people
laughed
at
him.
所有人都嘲笑他。
→He
was
laughed
at
by
all
the
people.
他被所有人嘲笑
They
make
the
bikes
in
the
factory.
他们在工厂生产自行车。
→The
bikes
are
made
by
them
in
the
factory.
这些自行车被他们在工厂生产。
They
sold
out
the
tickets.
他们卖完了票。
→The
tickets
were
sold
out.
票被卖光了。
规则：
1.
把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2.
把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）
3.
把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后做宾语，将主格改为宾格。
现在完成时的被动语态
1.两种时态
1)
现在完成时(have/has
+
过去分词)
现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用,
如:
yesterday,
two
weeks
ago,
in
1978,
when
I
got
there
等,
现在完成时常与
already,
always,
often,
ever,
never,
yet,
not...yet,
just等不表示明确的时间副词连用,
还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since,
for
的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如:
now,
today,
this
month,
this
year,
recently,
these
few
days
等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：be,
have,
like,
love,
know,
believe,
hate等。
一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况,
与现在毫无关系。
2)
现在完成进行时
(have/has
+
been
+
现在分词）
现在完成进行时指动作发生在过去一直持续到现在还有可能继续进行下去。多数时候会有语境支撑动作的继续进行否则的话可以和现在完成时通用。
2.
七种被动语态形式
1)
一般现在时的被动语态
(am/is/are+
过去分词）
如:
The
work
is
done
during
two
days.
2)
一般过去时的被动语态
(was/were+
过去分词）
如:
He
was
sent
to
the
hospital
immediately
after
the
accident.
3)
一般将来时的被动语态
(will/shall
+
be
+
过去分词或
+
be
going
to
+
be
+
过去分词）
如:
The
work
will
be
finished
soon.
4)
现在进行时的被动语态
(is/am/are
+
being+
过去分词）
如:
The
bridge
is
now
being
constructed
5)
现在完成时的被动语态
(have/has
+been
+
过去分词）
如:
The
radio
has
been
repaired
when
we
phoned
the
shop.
6)
带情态动词的被动语态
(情态动词
+
be
+
过去分词)
如:
This
can
be
done
in
a
few
minutes.
7)
动词不定式的被动式
(to
be
+
过去分词)
如:
It
is
an
honor
for
me
to
be
asked　to
speak
here.
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,
到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响,
其构成是:
have/has
been
+
done。例如：
1.
The
dirty
clothes
have
been
washed.
脏衣服都已经洗了。
2.
The
plan
has
been
studied
by
theexperts
for
three
times.
这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。
3.
The
child
has
been
taken
care
of
by
Grandma
Wang
all
these
years.
这些年来,
这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。
现在完成时被动态：
have
/
has?
+
been
+
动词过去分词
现在完成进行时：
have
/
has
+
been
+
动词现在分词
它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上,
被动态接的是过去分词形式,
现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式。
1.
主语是行为动作的承受者。如：
The
Temple
of
Zhang
Fei
has
been
rebuilt.
张飞庙已经过重建。
2.
说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如:
The
door
has
been
locked.
门已经被锁上了。（我或别人现在进不去）
3.
动作或状态始于过去,
持续到现在,
并可能持续下去。如：
He
has
been
told
about
it
for
many
times.
有人告诉他这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他）
4.
用在时间和条件状语从句中,
表示将来某时已完成的动作。如：
We’ll
start
as
soon
as
the
work
has
been
finished.
工作一完成我们就立即动身。
注意:
1.
副词的位置
often,
usually,
always,
never,
hardly,
seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:
[误]
Such
a
man
has
been
hardly
believed.
[正]
Such
a
man
has
hardly
been
believed.
2.
并不是所有动词都有被动语态
1)
happen,
take
place,
break
out,
belong
to,
cost,
last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：
[误]
Great
changes
have
been
taken
place
in
China
since
1978.
[正]
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
China
since
1978.
2)
open,
break,
drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：
[误]
The
door
has
been
opened
of
itself.
[正]
The
door
has
opened
of
itself.
3.
短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：
The
SARS
patients
have
been
taken
good
care
of.
4.
一些特殊动词,
如borrow,
finish,
begin,
buy,
start,
return,
marry,
open,
join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，
则需改换动词或时态。如：
My
brother
has
had(不能用has
bought)
this
bike
for
almost
four
years.
How
long
has
this
book
been
bought?
How
long
ago
was
this
book
bought?话题语言应用—旅游
一、本单元交际用语总结
表示礼貌（Being
polite）：
1.
Could
I
...?
我可以……吗？
2.
Could
I
possibly
...?
我可以……吗？
3.
I’m
very
sorry
but...
很抱歉，但是……
4.
I
was
wondering
....
我不知道……
讨论未来的计划（Talking
about
future
plans）：
1.
When
are
you
leaving?
你什么时候走？
2.
Where
are
you
staying?
你打算待在哪儿？
3.
How
are
you
going
to...?
你打算怎么去……？
4.
How
long
are
you
staying
in...?
你打算在……待多长时间？
5.
When
are
you
arriving
in/
at...?
你什么时候到达……？
6.
When
are
you
coming
back?
你什么时候返回？
7.
I’m
thinking
of...
我想着……
8.
I’d
like
to...
我想要……
9.
I’d
love
to...
我想要……
10.
I’d
rather...
我宁愿……
11.
I
want/
wish/
hope/
intend/
plan
to...
我想要……
12.
I
feel
like
(doing)...
我想……
13.
I
prefer...
我更愿意……
14.
I
hope/
expect
that....
我希望……
15.
My
plan/
hope
is
to....
我的计划/希望是……
16.
I
have
dreamed
of....
我梦想着……
17.
I
have
been
looking
forward
to....
我一直盼望着……
18.
I
have
decided
to....
我已经决定……
18.
I
am
ready
to...
我已经准备好做……
祝愿和告别（Good
wishes
and
farewells）：
1.
Good
luck！
祝你好运！
2.
Best
wishes
to
you.
祝福你。
3.
I
wish
you
good
luck/success！
祝你好运/成功！
4.
Good
journey（to
you）！
（祝你）一路顺风！
5.
Have
a
good
trip.
祝旅途愉快。/一路平安。
6.
Have
a
nice/good
time.
祝你过得愉快。
7.
Congratulations！
祝贺你！
8.
I'd
like
to
congratulate
you
on…
祝贺你……
9.
Have
fun!
玩得开心！
10.
Take
care.
多保重！
11.
Write
to
me.
给我写信。
12.
Give
my
love/
best
wishes
to...
替我问候……
二、话题知识积累
与旅行相关的词汇：
旅游
tour
　
旅游者
tourist
旅行推销员
commercial
traveller
(美作traveling
salesman)
旅行指南
itinerary
　　
旅行路线
route
游览pleasure
trip　　
商务旅行business
trip
出境游
outbound
tourism;
outbound
travel　出境游客
outbound
tourist
背包旅行者
backpacker　　
自由行
free
walker
环程旅行
circular
tour　　
往返旅行
return
journey;
round
trip
单程旅行
outward
journey　　
套餐游;包办游
package
tour;
inclusive
tour
远足
excursion;
outing　　
探险
expedition
旅行支票
traveller’s
cheque　　
旅游散客
independent
traveler
旅游团
tour
group　　
度假区
holiday
resort
票
ticket　　
票价
fare
单程票
single
ticket　　
往返票
round-trip
ticket;
return
ticket
半票
half-price
ticket
旅行常用交际用语
1.
Could
you
recommend
a
nice
restaurant
near
here?
能否介绍附近口碑不错的餐厅？
2.
Is
there
a
Chinese
restaurant
around
here?
这附近有中国餐馆吗？
3.
I’m
just
browsing/
looking.
我只是随便看看。
4.
May
I
try
this
on?
我可以试穿这件吗？
5.
Cash
back?
是不是要找回现金？
6.
I
would
like
to
take
this
one.
Please
wrap
it
for
me.
我要买这个。请帮我包起来。
7.
I’m
lost.
Could
you
tell
me
where
I
am?
我迷路了。能告诉我现在在哪儿吗？
8.
Where
am
I
on
this
map?
我在地图上的什么地方？
旅行必备品（A
packing
list）：money，passport，first
aid
kit，clothing，travel
guide，sunscreen（防晒霜），waterproof
bag（防水包），cash
card，flashlight（手电筒），towel，pajamas，charger（充电器）
The
most
important
3
items
to
bring:
1.?Money
It’s
useful
when
you
need
to
buy
souvenirs（礼物）or
you’d
like
to
try
anything
new.?Consider
entrance
fees（门票）and
rentals（租金）when
you
go
out
and
lack
the
necessary
equipments
during
your
adventure.?Remember,
you
can’t
always
expect
ATMs
near
beaches
or
in
mountains.
Bring
enough
to
make
your
life
easier.
2.
?Maps
or
Travel
Guides
You
are
not
a
human-map
to
know
every
single
place
on
your
travel
spot.?Remember
that
when
emergency
arises（出现）,
you
should
know
where
you
are
and
where
to
go.?
Don’t
get
lost!?
3.
First
Aid
Kit
&
Medications
This
is
useful
when
something
unexpected
happens!
Though
you
should
be
optimistic
enough
that
things
will
go
your
way,
bringing
one
won’t
bother.?Your
first
aid
kit
might
help
anyone
in
need.?It
may
be
someone
from
your
network
or
outside
of
it.
三、拓展阅读
Travel
is
fun
and
exciting，but
it’s
not
if
you
get
sick.
You
may
think，“Not
me，I
won’t
get
sick
on
my
vacation.”
But，for
many
people，that
is
what
happens.
Of
course
you
don’t
want
to
spend
your
vacation
sick
in
bed.
So
what
can
you
do
to
stay
in
good
health？There
are
three
things
you
should
remember
when
you
travel:
relax,
sleep
and
eat
well.
A
vacation
is
supposed
to
be
a
time
for
relaxing.
But
very
often
it
is
not.
Think
about
what
you
do
when
you
are
a
tourist.
There
are
so
many
places
to
visit:
museums,
shops,
parks
and
churches.
You
may
spend
most
days
walking
around
these
places.
This
can
be
very
tiring.
You
may
have
a
terrible
headache
after
a
few
hours.
If
this
is
the
way
you
feel,
you
should
take
a
rest.
Don’t
ask
your
body
to
do
too
much.
A
tired
body
means
a
weak
body.
And
a
weak
body
gets
sick
easily.
So
sit
down
for
a
few
hours
in
a
nice
spot.
In
good
weather，look
for
a
quiet
park
bench.
Or
you
can
stop
at
a
café.
You
can
learn
a
lot
by
watching
people
while
you
rest.
Sleep
is
also
important.
If
you
want
to
stay
healthy,
you
need
to
get
enough
sleep.
You
may
have
trouble
sleeping
at
night
when
you
travel.
Your
hotel
room
may
be
noisy
or
the
bed
may
be
uncomfortable.
If
this
is
true,
don’t
be
afraid
to
change
rooms
or
hotels.
Or
you
may
not
get
enough
sleep
for
another
reason.
You
may
want
to
stay
out
late
at
night.
In
many
cities
the
nightlife
can
be
very
exciting.
Then
you
should
plan
to
sleep
for
an
hour
during
the
day.
The
extra
hour
can
make
a
big
difference.
Finally,
if
you
want
to
stay
healthy,
you
must
eat
the
right
kinds
of
food
but
you
need
to
be
careful
about
how
much
you
eat.
Lots
of
food
is
not
good
for
you.
So,
remember
this.
If
you
want
to
enjoy
your
vacation，take
good
care
of
yourself.
Give
your
body
some
rest.
Get
enough
sleep
and
eat
good，healthy
food.
四、旅游类书面表达的写作训练
写作指导
以旅行、旅游类为题材的高考书面表达是比较常见的一类。近年来高考试题中多次出现。该类题材的书面表达内容丰富，体裁多样，有的属于记叙文，有的属于应用文，还有的属于说明文。
游记类的写作属于记叙文。游记就是将自己在游览过程中的所见、所闻和所想记录下来。游记类文章主要是向人们介绍风光景点、名胜古迹、风土人情等,抒发自己参观游览的体验感受。游记类写作也要参照一定的写作顺序,可以按照旅游日程的时间顺序来写,也可以按照旅游景点的更换来推进文章的进展,这样才能使文章条理清晰、层次清楚。在记叙的过程中应该多注意对景点本身的描述,如其历史、地理位置、景色等,这样能够使文章的内容充实饱满。例如：
假如你是叫Julia的美国女孩，你和父母正在中国旅游。请根据以下内容要点，用英文给你的美国朋友Eileen写一封信。
1.
你与父母7月26日从美国纽约飞往中国北京；
2.
在北京你们借了3辆自行车，骑车去了颐和园，天安门广场和故宫博物院；
3.
你们还去爬了长城；
4.
写信时你们正在九寨沟，九寨沟国家公园有想象不到的美，因为这儿的风景没有遭到破坏；
5.
你们拍了许多照片；
6.
明天飞往上海，两天后从上海回国；
7.
你已为她买了一些小礼品，并相信她会喜欢它们的
Dear
Eileen:
I
am
writing
to
you
in
China.
My
parent
and
I
are
having
a
fantastic
trip
around
China.
We
left
New
York
for
Beijing
where
we
settled
on
July
26th.
We
went
to
visit
all
the
famous
place
of
interests
by
our
rented
bikes,
such
as
The
Summer
Palace,
Tian’an
Men
Square
and
The
Forbidden
City.
It
is
such
a
grand
miracle
of
the
Great
Wall.
We
are
in
a
national
park
named
“Jiu
Zhai
Gou”
now;
you
can
never
imagine
the
remarkable
beauty
it
has
unless
you
are
standing
right
inside
it.
Its
nature
is
totally
preserved
and
intact.
We
took
lots
of
photographs
here,
but
never
can
we
record
the
landscape
appropriately.
We
are
going
to
Shanghai
tomorrow,
and
we
will
go
back
two
days
later.
Honestly,
it
is
hard
to
say
goodbye.
I
have
bought
you
some
surprising
gifts;
I
believe
you
will
love
them.
Well,
see
you
later.
Yours,
Julia
推荐类和介绍类的写作属于说明文。内容方面主要是推荐旅游计划、介绍景点等。在写推荐类的文章时,作者要注意所推荐事物大多是读者所不熟悉的，因此要就其大致情况进行说明介绍。接着要具体阐明推荐的原因。最后可以和读者交流感受、经验等。介绍类文章的主要时态为一般现在时。例如：
假如你叫李华，你的一位美国笔友Alan要到北京来旅游，他想请你先向他简单介绍一些北京的大致情况和主要景点。现在请你给他发一封电子邮件，必须包括如下内容：
1.
北京，位于中国东北部，是中国的首都，全国的政治和文化中心。
2.
全市面积一万六千多平方公里，人口将近2000万，是全国第二大城市。
3.
夏季炎热多雨，冬季寒冷干燥。
4.
历史悠久，是旅游胜地，有很多著名的文化古迹如紫禁城、颐和园、长城等。每年吸引众多世界各地游客。
Located
in
the
northeast
of
China,
Beijing
is
not
only
the
capital
city
but
also
the
political
and
cultural
center
of
this
country.
As
the
second
largest
city,
it
covers
a
total
area
of
more
than
16,000
square
km
with
a
population
of
over
14
million
citizens.
As
for
the
climate,
it's
pretty
hot
and
rainy
in
summer
while
bitterly
cold
and
dry
in
winter.
What's
more,
on
account
of
a
long
history,
it's
been
a
tourist
attraction
where
there
are
numerous
cultural
relics
such
as
the
Forbidden
City,
the
Summer
Palace
and
the
Great
Wall.
Therefore,
a
large
number
of
visitors
are
attracted
from
all
over
the
world
each
year.
建议类和询问、请求类的属于应用文。该类的作文内容方面主要是给出、请求一些旅游建议。写信首先要说明写信的目的；其次,要就某一问题提出自己的要求。例如：
假设你的英文名为Jack，是英国诺丁汉大学的中国留学生。你负责为在该校就读的32名中国学生筹划圣诞节期间的苏格兰之行，为期7天，请你给诺丁汉的STA（Students’
Travel
Agency）经理Phil发一封电子邮件，联系有关事宜。要点如下：
　　1.
希望能够派车接送；
　　2.
需要一名说标准英语，并非常熟悉苏格兰的导游；
　　3.
请求告知旅行日程及就餐、旅馆、费用等情况；
　　4.
你的联系方式：电子邮箱地址：Jackwang@yahoo.com.cn或电话号码：07747745007
　　词数：100词左右；
　　开头和结尾已为你写出，不计入总词数；
　参考词汇：旅馆住宿accommodation；旅行日程安排itinerary；长途客车coach　　Hi,
Phil,
I’d
like
you
to
organize
a
trip
to
Scotland
for
us.
I
have
here
a
group
of
32
Chinese
students
studying
in
Nottingham
University,
who
want
to
go
on
a
seven-day
tour
during
the
Christmas
days.
I
hope
we
can
have
a
coach
which
will
take
us
to
Scotland
and
then
bring
us
back
to
Nottingham.
We
also
need
a
guide
who
speaks
standard
English
and
knows
Scotland
well.
I
would
　　be
very
grateful
if
you
can
work
out
an
itinerary
as
soon
as
possible
and
tell
me
about
our
accommodation,
meals
as
well
as
how
much
each
of
us
has
to
pay.
If
you
have
any
information,
please
either
email
me
or
call
me
at
07747745007.
My
email
address
is
Jackwang@yahoo.com.cn
(?mailto:Jackwang@yahoo.com.cn?)
　　Looking
forward
to
your
early
reply.
　　
Yours
truly,
　
　Jack
10字好评送好礼和学子资源网点数（永久有效），客服QQ：2496342225话题语言应用
—
我的家乡
语言积累
交际用语
Showing
position
and
direction
1.Sth.
is/lies
on/to/in
the
east
of...
某物位于……的东面
2.
East
of
...
lies/is...
……的东面是……
3.
Sth.
is
near/next
to....
某物在……的附近
4.
Sth.
is/
lies
in
the
suburb
of....
某物位于……的郊区
5.
Where
is
…?
It’s
in/on/under…
……在哪儿？它在……里面/上面/下面。
6.
It’s
on
center
street.
它在中央街上。
7.
The
supermarket
is
across
from
the
bank.
超市在银行对面。
8.
The
pay
phone
is
next
to
the
post
office.
投币式公用电话在邮局隔壁。
9.
The
library
is
between
the
video
arcade
and
the
supermarket.
图书馆在电子游戏室和超市之间。
10.
It’s
down
the
Bridge
Street
on
the
left.
沿着大桥街往前走，它在街道左边。
表示方位和位置的表达中外有区别
1.
汉语里“东南西北”的先后顺序到英语里就变成了north，south，east，west；并由此有了下列中、英文表达上的差异。
东南方：southeast
西南方：southwest
西北方：northwest
东北方：northeast
十三陵位于北京西北50公里处。
The
Ming
Tombs
are
located
about
50
km
to
the
northwest
of
Beijing.
天津位于北京东南120公里处。
Tianjin
is
situated
l20
km
southeast
of
Beijing.
2.
要表示方位的“偏向”时通常用by：
正东偏北：east
by
north
正南偏西：south
by
west
正北偏东：north
by
east
正南偏东：south
by
east
We
are
sailing
in
the
direction
of
east
by
north.
我们正朝着正东偏北方向航行。
The
island
lies
south
by
east
from
here.
那个岛位于此地的正南偏东方向。
话题语句
1.Location(位置)：
be
located/situated
in/on/at/to位于……
in
the
center
of
在……中心
coastal/
seaside/
seashore
city
2.
Area（面积）：
cover/have
an
area
of.../
with
an
area
of....
It
is
...
long/wide
(from
east
to
west).
3.
History（历史）：
have/with
a
history
of
...
years
date
from/
date
back
to
4.
Population（人口）：
have/
with
a
(large/small)population
(of...)
The
population
of
...
is...
...percent
of
the
population
are...
5.
Climate（气候）：
The
climate
varies/
is
different
from
place
to
place.
neither
too
hot
nor
too
cold
a
mild
temperate
climate,
with
spring
all
the
year
around
6.
Resources（资源）
be
rich/
wealthy
in
with
abundant
resources
be
famous
for/as
mainly
produce...
The
main
(agricultural)
products
are...
7.
Tourist
attractions（旅游景点）：
place
of
interest
scenic
spots
resort
相关阅读
Brief
Introduction
of
Jiuzhaigou
Located
in
Sichuan
Province,
the?World-famous
Jiuzhaigou
Nature
Reserve
covers
an
area
of
natural
beauty
35
kilometers
long.
In
the
reserve
there
are
perennially
snow-topped
mountain
peaks,
verdant
and
lush
forests
and
stretches
of
serene
lakes.
Jiuzhaigou
is
often
compared
to
a
haven
of
peace,
leaving
behind
nothing
but
earthly
troubles
and
worries.
Jiuzhaigou
is
a
world
of
water,
which
brings
Jiuzhaigou
its
most
enchanting
views.
Jiuzhaigou
boasts
many
clear
lakes,
some
of
which
are
hidden
in
the
valleys
and
some
inlay
the
virgin
forests.
With
a
variety
of
shapes
and
sizes,
these
lakes
look
like
(gleaming)
mirrors
projecting
colorful
light
rings
in
the
sunshine.
举世闻名的九寨沟自然保护区位于四川省境内，是一片纵深达35公里的自然风景区。区内有终年积雪的山峰、苍翠繁茂的森林、宁静悠远的湖泊。人们常常将九寨沟比作世外桃源。
九寨沟是水的天地，水构成了九寨沟最富魅力的景色。九寨沟风景区内有许多清澈的湖泊，它们或隐匿于峡谷，或镶嵌于原始森林。这些湖泊大小不一、形状各异，如同一面面镜子，闪耀着斑斓的光芒。
Brief
Introduction
of
Vatican
City(梵蒂冈城)
Vatican
City
is
an
independent
state
under
the
absolute
authority
of
the
Pope
of
the
Roman
Catholic
Church.
It
is
an
enclave
with
Rome,
Italy,
with
an
area
of
44
hectares
(109
acres).
The
smallest
independent
country
in
the
world,
Vatican
City
was
established
in
1929
under
terms
of
the
Lateran
Treaty,
concluded
by
the
Italian
government
and
the
papacy
after
many
years
of
controversy.
This
treaty
was
superseded
in
1984
by
a
new
concordat,
which,
like
its
predecessor,
recognized
the
full
sovereignty
of
the
Holy
See
(the
jurisdiction
of
the
Pope)
within
the
state
of
Vatican
City.
　　enclave：“飞地”，这是个很专业的名词：指在某一国境内，但却隶属于另一国的地区。如Vatican在意大利境内，但却是一个独立的国家。前缀en-有“包围，置于……中”等含意，例如enclosure(围栏)，encage(关在笼中)，encompass(包围、环绕)等。
　
conclude：“结束、中止”的意思。Vatican
City于1929开始修建，许多年后由意大利政府和罗马教廷（papacy）最后完成，其中经过了许多争论（controversy）。
　　concordat：“协议”、“合同”的意思，这里指“宗教协定”，是罗马教皇与各国政府之间的协定，即，承认教皇在Vatican
City的统治。
　　Vatican
City
is
situated
on
Vatican
Hill
in
northwestern
Rome,
just
west
of
the
Tiber
River.
It
is
surrounded
by
medieval
and
Renaissance
walls
and
has
six
gates.
Many
of
the
most
renowned
artists
and
architects
of
the
Italian
Renaissance
were
commissioned
by
Popes
to
work
on
the
Vatican's
buildings.
The
most
imposing
and
important
edifice
is
Saint
Peter's
Basilica.
Built
for
the
most
part
between
the
15th
and
17th
centuries,
and
designed
by
artists,
including
Bramante,
Michelangelo,
and
Bernini,
it
is
the
world
center
of
Roman
Catholic
worship.
In
front
of
the
basilica
is
the
great
Piazza
San
Pietro
(Saint
Peter’s
Square).
　　imposing：壮观的、气势宏伟的、使人难忘的。
　　edifice：“建筑物”、“大厦”，规模宏大、建筑精美的building。Vatican
City最宏伟的建筑是Saint
Peter's
Basilica（圣彼得大教堂），它是世界上最大的基督教教堂，形状像一个十字架。
　　Bramante：布拉曼特，意大利建筑师、画家，文艺复兴盛期建筑风格的代表。
　　Michelangelo：米开朗琪罗，意大利著名的画家。
　　Bernini：贝尔尼尼，意大利建筑家、雕刻家和画家，是巴洛克艺术风格的代表人物。
　　Piazza
San
Pietro：圣彼得广场，因位于圣彼得教堂前方而得名。
　　The
other
major
edifice
is
the
Palace
of
the
Vatican,
also
known
as
the
Papal
Palace.
It
is
a
complex
of
buildings
that
contains
more
than
1,000
rooms
and
houses
the
papal
apartments,
the
government
offices
of
the
Roman
Catholic
church,
several
chapels
and
museums,
and
a
library.
The
most
famous
portions
of
the
palace
are
the
Sistine
Chapel,
with
its
great
ceiling
frescoes
painted
by
Michelangelo
(restored
1980-1990);
and
Raphael's
Rooms,
papal
apartments
with
frescoes
painted
by
the
Italian
artist
Raphael.
　　chapel：“小教堂”、“附属教堂”的意思。
　　fresco：湿壁画，湿壁画技法。“干壁画”是fresco
secco。
　　The
Vatican's
museums
are
outstanding
and
include
the
Gregorian
Museum
of
Egyptian
Art;
the
Gregorian
Museum
of
Etruscan
Art;
the
Pio
Clementno
Museum,
with
a
superlative
collection
of
antiquities;
the
Chiaramonti
Museum;
and
the
Vatican
Pinacotheca,
with
representative
works
by
Italian
masters.
The
Vatican
Library
has
a
priceless
collection
of
ancient
manuscripts
and
more
than
1
million
bound
volumes.
Also
within
the
Vatican's
walls
are
the
Government
Palace
and
the
Vatican
Gardens.
　　Gregorian
museum：“格利高里博物馆”，“Gregory”是教皇的名字。Vatican的博物馆都很突出，其中包括格利高里埃及艺术博物馆、格利高里伊特鲁里亚艺术(Etruscan
Art)博物馆等。
　　superlative：“最高的”、“最好的”等意思。
　　antiquity：“古迹”、“古物”的意思。在Vatican的博物馆里，收藏有最好的古物。
　　Vatican
Pinacotheca：“梵蒂冈美术馆”，Pinacotheca就是“画廊、美术馆”的意思。
　　Vatican
City
is
governed
by
the
Pope,
who
has
absolute
executive,
legislative,
and
judicial
powers.
The
executive
powers
are
delegated
to
a
governor,
who
is
responsible
directly
to
the
Pope.
In
the
exercise
of
his
legislative
powers,
the
Pope
is
advised
and
assisted
by
the
Sacred
College
of
Cardinals
and
by
the
various
Sacred
Congregations.
The
judicial
powers
are
exercised
by
tribunals;
appeals
from
their
decisions
are
heard
by
the
sacred
Roman
Rota
and
by
the
Supreme
Tribunal
of
the
Apostolic
Signature.
　　Pope：“教皇、主教”。Vatican
City由教皇统治，完全掌握着行政权、立法权、和司法权。
　　delegate：“委派”、“授权”的意思。政府由教皇授权行使行政权，并直接对教皇负责。
　　sacred
College
of
Cardinals：“红衣主教神学院”。教皇在行使立法权时，由红衣主教神学院和Sacred
Congregations（圣会）协助并提出建议。
　　The
Secretariat
of
State
represents
the
Holy
See
in
diplomatic
relations
with
foreign
powers.
Swiss
Guards
maintain
internal
security
and
protection
of
the
Pope;
the
Piazza
San
Pietro
is
subject
to
the
authority
of
the
Italian
police.
Castel
Gandolfo,
the
papal
summer
palace
outside
Rome,
as
well
as
other
buildings
located
in
Rome
but
outside
of
Vatican
City
are
endowed
with
extraterritoriality.
　　Secretariat
of
State：“秘书长”。
　　Holy
See：“圣座”的意思，这里指代教皇。教廷的秘书长可以代表教皇进行外交活动。
　　Castel
Gandolfo：教皇的夏季宫殿。
　　endow：“资助”、“捐赠”和“给予”的意思。
　　extraterritoriality：“非管辖区、治外法权”。
　　Vatican
City
has
its
own
currency
(equal
to
the
Italian
lira)
and
postal
system.
It
also
has
a
railroad
station
and
radio
station,
and
manages
its
own
telephone
and
telegraph
services.
Annual
expenditures
in
the
late
1980s
were
$121.9
million.
A
daily
newspaper
and
an
official
monthly
journal
are
published,
as
are
books
and
pamphlets
in
numerous
languages.
　　annual：“每年的，每年一次的”，指植物时是“一年生植物”。Vatican
City不但有自己的货币和邮政体系，还有一个火车站和电台，经营着自己的电话和电报服务机构。80年代后期年均在这些项目上的花费有1.2亿多美元。
　　pamphlet：“小册子”、“时事活页文选”等。它的近义词是brochure“手册、小册子”，一般印刷精美，带插图；而pamphlet一般印刷简单，而且比较薄。
写作运用
写作要求
假定你是李华。应英国朋友Bob的要求，
写一封短信介绍你校图书馆的基本情况。内容须包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。
注：上面的小字是：借阅须知：每人每次5本，借期10天。
下面的小字是：开放时间：周一到周五，早9：00至晚7：00点，周末闭馆。
注意：
1.字数100左右
2.可以适当增减细节，使行文连贯
3.开头语已为你写好
Dear
Bob,
Thank
you
for
your
last
letter
about
our
library.
____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
技巧点拨：
语言特点：
开门见山，直截了当。
准确明了，介绍清楚。
详略得当，重点突出。
写作结构：
在介绍一个地点时，首先要抓住该地点的特征，在第一段中进行简要介绍：要说明的是工厂还是学校？是农村还是城市？是图书馆还是公园？它们各自有什么区别于其他地点的特征？
第二段中要按照一定的顺序对该地点进行具体说明。说明的顺序可从外到内，从上到下，从前到后，由远及近，也可按顺时针方向或逆时针方向等来介绍。这样可以避免文章杂乱无章。通常建议学生采用以下两种说明顺序：
1．选择中心坐标进行说明：在介绍规则排列的方位或有多个建筑物时，先选定中心坐标，然后再就其前后左右的其他建筑物进行说明。这样写作可以突出重点，语言也会非常紧凑。
2.
按照参观的顺序进行说明：介绍不规则排列的方位时，可以按照参观的顺序，选择好起点，然后逐一进行介绍。这种写作方法条理清晰，符合人们认识事物、欣赏事物的习惯，让人读起来很舒服。但无论选择以上哪种方法进行说明都要注意in
front
of,
behind,
on
the
left,
on
the
right,
in
the
east,
to
the
west等方位词的使用。
3.
在句型结构方面建议多使用倒装句、定语从句和with短语。介绍方位的文章最容易写得呆板单调，缺乏生气，让人读起来感到乏味。所以可适当地运用描写，增加文章的文采，使所写内容打动读者，达到最佳的表达效果。例如在介绍学校时，可以这样写：On
the
west
of
the
teaching
building
lies
a
small
garden,
which
is
very
beautiful
in
spring
with
all
kinds
of
flowers
bursting
into
blossom.
例文点评：
Dear
Bob,
Thank
you
for
your
last
letter
asking
about
our
library.
Here
is
some
information
about
it.
Located
between
the
garden
and
the
teaching
building,
our
school
library
situates
in
the
center
of
the
school
and
has
beautiful
surroundings.
It
has
all
kinds
of
books,
magazines
and
newspapers
providing
us
with
all
kinds
of
knowledge
and
the
latest
information.
According
to
the
rules,
each
student
can
borrow
no
more
than
5
books
at
a
time
for
at
most
10
days,
and
it
is
open
from
9
a.m.
to
7
p.m.
every
day
except
weekends,
which
makes
it
convenient
for
us
students
to
read
in
it
or
to
borrow
books
from
it.
The
school
library
is
our
favorite
place
after
class.
We
enjoy
reading
in
it.
点评：该作文属于第五档（23分，总分25分）。作者充分理解了题目要求，带着一种自豪的语气但又很客观准确地介绍了学校图书馆。写作内容覆盖了两幅图中所有要点，在说明第一幅图时采用了选择中心坐标法，在说明第二幅图时将图书馆规则和便于学生使用结合起来，逻辑非常清晰，全文结构紧凑。该考生对倒装句、定语从句使用熟练恰当，行文流畅。完全达到了预期的写作目的。
Dear
Bob,
Thank
you
for
your
last
letter
asking
about
our
library.
Our
library,
which
is
surrounded
by
green
trees,
①located
in
the
middle
of
our
school,
just
behind
the
garden
and
in
front
of
the
teaching
building.
Even
though
it
has
not
②a
large
space,
there
are
quantities
of
books
for
us
to
read
or
to
borrow.
We
can
borrow
books
from
9
a.m.
to
7
p.m.
on
③workdays.
And
each
of
us
can
borrow
5
books
once
for
at
most
10
days.
Magazines
are
available
too,
but
we
can’t
take
them
away.
I
love
my
school
library.
Welcome
to
our
school
to
visit
it!
点评：该作文属于第四档(18分)，该文基本覆盖了所有主要内容，也应用了一些高级表达法和词汇，语言基本准确，但也出现了一些错误（文中①②③处）。第一幅图说明较好，采用了中心坐标法，但第二幅图在说明过程中缺乏一定的顺序和逻辑，只运用了简单的连接词and。总的说来完成了试题规定的任务，达到了预期的写作目的。Module
5
A
Lesson
in
a
Lab
重点单词
1.stage
n．阶段；时期
2.ordinary
adj.
普通的；平常的
3.form
vi.
形成
4.balance
n.
天平；平衡
重点短语
used
to,
keep...out
of...,
be
supposed
to,
重点句型
it作形式主语
完全倒装句
分数做主语
keep+复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)
重点短语
used
to
【原句回放】I
never
used
to
enjoy
science,
but
last
year
I
changed
schools,
and
the
science
teachers
at
my
new
school
are
excellent.
我过去从未喜欢过理科，但是去年我转学了，我新学校的理科教师都非常优秀。
【点拨】used
to
(过去)常常……，暗含和现在的情况对比，强调现在不再那样了。
He
used
to
be
a
doctor,
but
now
a
lawyer.
他过去是一名医生，现在是一名律师。
I
used
to
go
to
work
on
foot,
but
now
I
drive
there.
我过去常常是步行上班，现在我开车去。
You
used
to
see
a
lot
of
her,
didn’t
you/usedn’t
you?
你过去经常见她，是吧？
【拓展】be
used
to
do
sth.
被用来做某事
Wood
can
be
used
to
make
paper.?
木材可以用来造纸。
?
be/get
used
to
sth./doing
sth.
习惯于做某事
He
was
used
to
sleeping
with
the
windows
open.
他习惯敞着窗子睡觉。
used
to和would的区别：
used
to可指过去的状态或情况，would则不能。
would表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性,就不能用
would，只能用
used
to。used
to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束，would则表示有可能再发生。
People
used
to
believe
that
the
earth
was
flat.
过去,人们总以为地球是扁平的。(现在已不再这样认为)?
He
would
go
to
the
park
as
soon
as
he
was
free.
过去,他一有空就去公园。(现在有可能再去)
keep...out
of...
【原句回放】This
will
keep
the
air
out
of
the
water.
这将阻止空气进入水中。
【点拨
】keep...out
of...
把……挡在外面
Shut
the
windows
and
keep
the
cold
out.
把窗子关上,不要让寒气进来。
Keep
the
enemy
out
of
the
country.
御敌于国门之外。
【拓展】keep
构成的短语：
keep
on
doing
sth.
坚持做某事
keep
away
from
不接近,离开
keep
back
阻止,抑制,隐瞒
keep
sb.
from
doing
sth.
阻止某人做某事
keep
in
touch
with
与……保持联系
keep
up
保持,维持,继续下去
keep
up
with
跟上,不落后
keep
off
不进入
be
supposed
to
【原句回放】I’m
going
to
try
to
go
to
either
Montreal
or
Ottawa
University,
as
both
are
supposed
to
have
good
Physics
Department.
我打算上蒙特利尔大学或渥太华大学，因为这两所大学应当都有很好的物理系。
【点拨】be
supposed
to应当；理应；被认为
You
are
supposed
to
arrive
ten
minutes
earlier
for
a
party.
你赴宴时应当提前五分钟到达。
You
are
not
supposed
to
smoke
in
this
building.
你不可以在这栋建筑物内吸烟。
I
haven’t
seen
the
movie,
but
it’s
supposed
to
be
a
very
good
one.
我还没有看过这部电影,不过（人们）普遍认为它不错。
重点句型
it作形式主语
【原句回放】It
is
hard
to
think
of
a
world
without
metals.
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
【点拨】It是形式主语,真正的主语是to
think
of...。without
metals是表示条件的一个介词短语,作后置定语修饰world。不定式作主语时，如果主语较长，往往使用it作形式主语，把实际主语(不定式)移到谓语之后，形成“it＋谓语＋(作主语的)动词不定式”结构。it还可以代替v.?ing形式或从句作形式主语。
Is
it
necessary
to
tell
his
father
everything?
有必要把这一切都告诉他父亲吗？
I
find
it
is
necessary
to
take
exercise
every
day.
我认为每天锻炼很有必要。
It
is
no
good
staying
up
too
late.
熬夜没有好处。
It
is
quite
clear
that
he
has
read
the
book.
很显然，他读过这本书。
完全倒装句
【原句回放】Below
is
a
description
of
a
simple
scientific
experiment.
下面是一个简单的科学实验的描述。
【点拨】此句是一个完全倒装句型。表示方位的副词，如there,
here,
up,
down,
out,
in,
away,
off,
below
等，位于句首，且句子主语是名词时，可将谓语动词全部置于主语之前，构成全部倒装。此种倒装只限于主语是名词的情况下，若主语是代词，则不倒装。
Here
are
some
pictures
of
John
when
he
was
little.
这是约翰小时候的照片。
Below
is
a
list
of
ten
things
that
happened
today.
下面列出的是今天发生的十件事情。
分数做主语
【原句回放】Two-thirds
of
the
earth’s
surface
is
water.
地球表面的三分之二是水。
【点拨】当某物的几分之几作主语时，如果此物体本身为可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若为可数名词单数或不可数名词，谓语动词则用单数形式。用法类似的词语还有half,
quarter,
most,
percent,
rest等。
One
third
of
the
students
don’t
know
the
answer
to
the
question.
三分之一的学生不知道这个问题的答案。
One
third
of
one’s
life
is
spent
on
the
bed.
人生的三分之一是在床上度过的。
Three
fourths/Three
quarters
of
the
watermelon
has
been
eaten
up
by
him.?
四分之三的西瓜都被他吃光了（即那个西瓜的四分之三）。
keep+复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)?
【原句回放】Add
some
oil
to
the
water.
This
will
keep
the
air
out
of
the
water.
往水中加一些油，这将阻止空气进入水中。
【点拨】keep的意思是“使继续处于某种状态”,后面接复合宾语,复合宾语中的宾语补足语可以是形容词、分词、副词或介词短语。
They
lit
a
fire
to
keep
themselves
warm.
他们点了一堆火,以便保暖。
Sorry
to
have
kept
you
waiting.
很抱歉让你久等了。
We’ll
keep
you
informed.
我们将随时让你知道情况。
The
rainstorm
kept
us
indoors.
暴风雨使我们待在家里。
Once
a
cold
kept
him
in
bed
for
three
days.
有一次,他得了感冒,使他卧床三天。
过去分词作表语和定语
概念引入
今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。先看下面这些句子：
1.
But
he
became
inspired
when
he
thought
about
helping
ordinary
people
exposed
to
cholera.
(inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语)
2.
So
many
thousands
of
terrified
people
died
every
time
there
was
an
outbreak.
(terrified
过去分词作定语)
3.
He
became
interested
in
two
theories
that
possibly
explained
how
cholera
killed
people.
(interested
过去分词作表语)
4.
From
the
stomach
the
disease
quickly
attacked
the
body
and
soon
the
affected
person
died.
(affected
过去分词作定语)
5.
He
was
determined
to
find
out
why.
（determined
过去分词作表语）
6.
He
found
that
it
came
from
the
river
polluted
by
the
dirty
water
from
London.
(polluted
过去分词作定语)
上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。
语法讲解
英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为：不定式（to
do）、动词-ing形式（doing）和过去分词（done）。
动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词：现在分词强调动作，如a
sleeping
boy中的sleeping强调“睡觉”这一动作，而且此动作正在进行，与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系（即sleeping的动作是boy做的），因此是现在分词作定语；而a
sleeping
bag中的sleeping强调功能，表示“用来睡觉的”，是动名词作定语。
过去分词多表示动作的被动和完成，但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”意义。
本单元主要学习过去分词作表语和定语。
过去分词的作用：
1.
与助动词一起构成谓语：
1）过去分词与have/
has/
had一起构成完成时，如：
Have?you
ever
been
abroad
before?
你以前出过国吗？(现在完成时)
The
roads
were
full
of
people.
We
hadn’t
thought
of
that.
（过去完成时）
路上到处都是人。我们之前没有想到这一点。
2）过去分词与be动词一起构成被动语态。
Will
the
goods
be
delivered
to
us
on
time?
这些货物能按时交付给我们吗？
These
books
are
not
intended
for
children.
这些书不是为孩子们设计的。
2.
非谓语动词用法
作为非谓语动词在句子中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
1）作表语：
I
am
awfully
worried,
because
Daddy
is
ill.我很着急，因为爸爸病了。
2）作定语：
She
had
a
worried
look
on
her
face.
她满面愁容。
3）作宾语补足语：
She
wanted
the
work
finished
by
Friday.
她要求这工作星期五前完成。
4）作状语：
They
came
in,
followed
by
their
wives.
他们走了进来，妻子们跟随在后。
Convinced
that
they
were
trying
to
poison
her,
she
refused
to
eat
anything.
她认为他们想毒害她，便拒绝吃任何东西。
过去分词作定语
1.
过去分词作定语的位置
单个过去分词作定语时，多放在被修饰词前，而分词短语多放在被修饰词后。
Martin’s
confused
sorrows
turned
to
optimism.
马丁烦乱的悲哀情绪转而变成了乐观情绪。
The
play
put
on
by
the
teachers
was
a
big
success.
老师们表演的戏很成功。
注意：有些单个的过去分词，习惯上要放在被修饰词后面；过去分词如果修饰代词时，也多放在被修饰词后。
There
is
little
time
left.
Let’s
hurry
up.
剩下的时间不多了，我们赶快吧。
He
is
one
of
those
invited.
他是被邀请的人之一。
2.
过去分词作定语时的意义：
首先我们研究一下这些例句：
【高清课堂：Unit
1语法精讲
作定语
12：16-20：38】
1）She
had
a
worried
look
on
her
face.
她脸上有担心的表情。
2）The
frightened
horse
ran
away
from
the
fire.
恐惧的马逃离了大火。
3）She
had
confused
feelings
about
him.
她对他的感觉有点迷惑。
4）He
wore
an
embarrassed
expression.
他一副尴尬的表情。
句1）中worried修饰“look（表情）”。也许你还记得老师说过：物时要用-ing形式，人就用-ed形式，初中时老师会这样讲，如：
I’m
interested
in
the
book.
The
book
is
interesting.
但是在高中，我们就要思考、分析一下，因为有时事物也会用-ed，而人也可能用-ing。注意句1），凡是“表情（look/
expression）”一定都是“由里向外”发出的，如：
我高兴------pleased
look
我满意------
satisfied
look
我担忧------worried
look
也就是说，自己由里而外的感觉要用-ed的形式。
什么时候人可能用-ing形式呢？如：
看到一个可爱的男孩儿跑过来了，我们可以说：The
boy
is
interesting.
再如：
She
is
frightened.
-----表示“She”胆子小，很害怕，是内部的感觉；但是如果“She”长得像个妖怪呢？就该是“She
is
frightening.”了，指的是horrible（吓人的）。
所以-ing形式是“给别人的感觉”，而-ed是内在的感觉。这是常考的易错点。
句2）中the
frightened
horse指受到惊吓的马，是马内在的感受；不指马长得难看。同样，句3）中confused
feelings也是指内在的感受；句4）中an
embarrassed
expression是由于内心的尴尬而发出的表情。
再看下面的短语中的过去分词：
the?unemployed
(未受雇佣的)?workers
----
“工人”是“未被雇佣的”
the?scheduled
(依时刻表运行的)?train
----
“火车”是被定了时间表的
the?
advertised
(广告中的)?product
----“商品”是被做了广告
the?
buried
(掩埋的)?treasure
----
被埋的珍宝（bury）
the?
injured
(受伤的)?passenger
----
injure
sb./oneself
使某人/自己受伤，乘客“被使受伤”的，此处更强调“完成”
fallen
leaves
----
fall是不及物动词，fallen此处只表示“完成”■
小结：
1）及物动词的过去分词作定语时，被修饰词经常是过去分词动作的承受者，即逻辑上的动宾关系，此时过去分词表示被动，有时还表示动作的完成。此时过去分词与其附属成分（宾语或状语等）相当于定语从句。
He
found
that
it
came
from
the
river
polluted
by
the
dirty
water
from
London（=which
had
been
polluted
by
the
dirty
water
from
London）.
他发现水是从被伦敦排出的脏水污染了的河里来的。（表示被动和完成）
It’s
said
that
an
honoured
guest
will
be
here
in
half
an
hour.
（只表示被动）
据说半小时后有位受尊敬的客人就到了。
2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已经完成。
vanished
jewels消失了的珠宝
a
retired
teacher
一位退休教师
3.
现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：
1）语态上的不同
注意被修饰词与分词动作的关系：
现在分词表示主动，即现在分词动作是被修饰词做的。
过去分词表示被动，即被修饰词是过去分词动作的承受者。
对比：
spoken
English
英语口语
（英语是被说的）
an
English-speaking
country
一个说英语的国家
（国家的人说英语----主动）
再如：
a
simply-furnished
room
装修简单的房间
（房间被装修）
a
fast
developing
country
快速发展的国家（国家发展----主动）
2）时间关系上的不同
现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词多表示已经完成的动作。
the
changing
world
正在发生变化的世界
the
changed
world
已经变化了的世界
再如：
the
house
being
built
正在建造的房子
the
house
built
in
2010
2010年建造的房子
过去分词作表语
1.
过去分词放在系动词be,
get,
feel,
remain,
seem,
become等后作表语,
多为及物动词变化而来的，有被动意味，表示主语所处的状态。
He
became
annoyed
with
the
students.
他非常生学生的气。
Are
you
married
or
single?
你是已婚还是单身？
He
seems
well
qualified
for
the
job.
他好像非常胜任这个工作。
2.
少数不及物动词的过去分词也可以作表语，只有完成的意思，也说明主语所处的状态。
Gone
are
the
days（=The
days
are
gone）when
my
heart
was
young
and
gay.
我的心又年轻又愉快的日子一去不复返了。
The
sun
is
set.
Let’s
go
home.
太阳落山了，我们回家吧。
3.
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语表示状态，而被动语态表示被动的动作。
The
cup
is
broken.
那个茶杯打碎了。（指茶杯现在的状态，系表结构）
The
cup
was
broken
by
Tom
when
he
took
it
to
the
living
room.（指过去动作，被动语态）
那个是汤姆打碎的，当时他正把它拿到客厅去。
4.
与感觉有关的动词的现在分词和过去分词的区别：
在过去分词作定语部分我们已经涉及到这些词的用法了，下面是从动词角度去理解的方法。
这些与感觉有关的及物动词的意思都是“使（某人）......”，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”；过去分词表示被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，指人“内在的感觉”。如：
interest
意思是“使（某人）感兴趣”；
interesting
意思为“令人感兴趣的，有趣的”，表示事物的性质；
interested
表示“感兴趣的”，表示人内心的感觉。
区别：
His
novels
will
interest
everyone
who
reads
them.
(interest
动词，使......感兴趣)
他的小说会使每位读者感兴趣。
His
novels
are
interesting.
(interesting
现在分词，有主动意义，指主语的性质)
他的小说很有趣。
Everyone
will
be
interested
in
his
novels.
(interested
过去分词，有被动意义，指人的感觉)
每个人都会对他的小说感兴趣。
再如：
The
result
of
the
test
was
rather
________.
（disappoint）
He
was
very
________
at
the
result
of
the
test.
（disappoint）
His
look
was
_______　and
the
children
felt
________.
（frighten）
解析：
1.
disappointing。用现在分词表示事物的特点。句意：测试的结果很令人失望。
2.
disappointed。用过去分词表示主语内心的感觉。句意：他对考试的结果很失望。
3.
frightening；frightened。第一空说明“他的表情”的特点是“令人/让别人恐惧的”，用现在分词；第二空表示“孩子”的内心感觉，用过去分词。句意：他的面貌很吓人，孩子们都很害怕。
对比并记忆下列词语：
　　动词
（使某人......）　　　
现在分词
（令人......）　　　
过去分词
（感到......）
　　move
使感动
　　　　　
moving
令人感动的　　　　　
moved
受感动的
　　amuse
使发笑　　　　　
amusing
有趣的，逗人发笑的　
amused
被逗笑的
　　astonish
使吃惊　　　　
astonishing
令人吃惊的　　　
astonished
感到吃惊的
excite
使激动　　　　　
exciting激动人心的　　　　　
excited
感到激动的
bore
使烦恼
boring无趣的，单调乏味的
bored
感到无聊的
amaze
使大为吃惊
amazing
令人惊异的
amazed
感到惊奇的
satisfy
使满意，使满足
satisfying
令人满意（足）的
satisfied
感到满意的
　　又如：
　　动词-ing形式：
　　encouraging令人鼓舞的　
inspiring
鼓舞人的
moving
感人的
　　surprising令人吃惊的　　
puzzling
令人困惑的　　　　
promising
有希望的
　　
　　过去分词：
　　discouraged
气馁的
　　
frightened
恐惧的
　　　　
pleased
感到高兴的
　　tired感到疲倦的
　　　　
worried感到担心的
shocked
感到震惊的
delighted
感到高兴的
　
hurt受伤的　　　　　　　　
inspired
感到受鼓舞的
worn
out
筋疲力尽的一、单句语法填空
1．The
path
to
Dawson
was
covered
(cover)
with
thirty
feet
of
wet
snow
that
could
fall
without
warning.
2．Taken
according
to
the
instructions(instruct),
the
medicine
will
work
for
your
headache.
3．What
is
your
attitude
towards/to
senior
high
students
taking
up
a
part?time
job?
4．Disappointed(disappoint)
at
failing
in
the
math
exam，John
wouldn’t
like
to
talk
about
it
to
his
parents.
5．It
is
amazing(amaze)
that
the
English
test
will
be
reformed
greatly
in
China’s
College
Entrance
Examination
in
2020.
6．It
is
reported
that
a
new
planet
has
been
discovered
recently.It’s
almost
twice
larger(large)
than
the
earth,
and
hopefully
it
can
support
human
life.
7．Peter
made
great
progress
this
term.In
other
words,
he
did
better
in
the
exam
this
time.
8．We
are
looking
forward
to
visiting
(visit)
Guilin
in
the
coming
summer
vacation,
whose
beauty
is
beyond
description
(describe)．
9．
—I’m
not
going
to
buy
that
English?Chinese
dictionary.
—Neither/Nor
am
I．It’s
too
expensive.
10．The
experiment
made
by
a
group
of
ordinary
students
was
far
from
a
failure;
it
was
a
great
success.
二．单句改错
1．For
further
informations,
please
visit
our
website.
informations→information
2．Boring
with
this
lecture,
I
wish
I
could
go
out
to
see
a
movie
with
my
girlfriend
now.
Boring→Bored
3．In
order
to
play
a
game,
we
divided
into
three
groups
by
the
teacher
in
our
English
class
this
morning.
在divided前加were
4．Jenny
got
a
job
as
assistant
of
an
engineer
in
a
big
company
after
her
graduation.
在assistant前加an
5．Go
to
college
helps
build
a
strong
mind，which
leads
to
greater
success
in
one’s
life.
Go→Going
三、文章里的高考
My
name
is
Li
Kang.I
live
in
Shijiazhuang，1.the
capital
city
of
Hebei
Province.It
is
my
first
day
at
Senior
High
school
and
I’m
writing
down
my
2.thoughts
(think)
about
it.
In
my
school,
the
teachers
are
enthusiastic
and
3.friendly(friend)
and
the
classrooms
are
amazing.Our
English
teacher
is
a
very
enthusiastic
woman
4.called(call)
Ms
Shen.Her
method
of
teaching
is
nothing
like
5.that
of
the
teachers
at
my
Junior
High
school.I
don’t
think
I
will
be
6.bored(bore)
in
her
class.She
wants
to
help
us
improve
our
spelling
and
handwriting.We
do
this
7.in
a
fun
way,
with
spelling
games
and
other
activities.I
like
her
attitude
very
much，and
the
8.behaviour(behave)
of
the
other
students
9.shows(show)
that
they
like
her,
too.
There
are
forty?nine
girls
and
sixteen
boys
in
our
class.And
everyone
in
our
class
is
hard?working.I’m
looking
forward
to
10.doing(do)
the
homework
tonight.
四、单元中的写作
description,
far
from,
previous,
impress,
nothing
like,
method,
bored,
embarrassed,
instruction,
encouragement,
attitude,
take
part
in,
look
forward
to,
倍数句型，
替代词that
1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的词语或句型)
①我写信给你简要描述一下我在新学校的生活。
I’m
writing
to
give
you
a
brief
description
of
my
life
in
the
new
school.
②我的学校离我家不远，是我以前学校的三倍大。
My
school,
which
is
not
far
from
my
home,
is
three
times
as
large
as/two
times
larger
than/three
times
the
size
of
my
previous
school．
③我对我的英语老师印象深刻。他的教学方法和其他老师的教学方法不一样。
I
am
impressed
by/with
my
English
teacher.His
teaching
method
is
nothing
like
that
of
the
others．
④在课上，他总是努力不让我们感到厌烦或尴尬。
He
always
tries
hard
not
to
make
us
bored
or
embarrassed
in
class.
⑤在老师的指导和鼓励下，同学们和我对学习和生活有了积极的态度。
With
the
teacher’s
instruction
and
encouragement,
my
classmates
and
I
have
taken
a
positive
attitude
towards/to
study
and
life.
⑥我们经常积极参加各种课外活动并盼望着有更加丰富多彩的生活。
We
often
take
an
active
part
in
all
kinds
of
after?class
activities
and
we
are
looking
forward
to
having
a
much
more
colourful
life.
2．升级平淡句
①用what
主语从句和“of＋whom”引导的非限制性定语从句升级句③
What
impresses
me
most
is
my
English
teacher,
the
teaching
method
of
whom
is
nothing
like
that
of
the
others.
②用“so引导的倒装句”升级句⑤
With
the
teacher’s
instruction
and
encouragement,
my
classmates
have
taken
a
positive
attitude
towards/to
study
and
life,
so
have
I.
3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：what’s
more,
besides)
I’m
writing
to
give
you
a
brief
description
of
my
life
in
the
new
school.
My
school,
which
is
not
far
from
my
home,
is
three
times
as
large
as/two
times
larger
than/three
times
the
size
of
my
previous
school.What
impresses
me
most
is
my
English
teacher,
the
teaching
method
of
whom
is
nothing
like
that
of
the
others.What’s
more,
he
always
tries
hard
not
to
make
us
bored
or
embarrassed
in
class.
With
the
teacher’s
instruction
and
encouragement,
my
classmates
have
taken
a
positive
attitude
towards/to
study
and
life,
so
have
I．Besides,
we
often
take
an
active
part
in
all
kinds
of
after?class
activities
and
we
are
looking
forward
to
having
a
much
more
colourful
life.
五、阅读理解
（2015
河北省衡水中学）
I
remember
my
mother
as
a
strong
woman.
She
came
to
America
when
she
was
12—old
enough
to
remember
her
language.
She
achieved
scores
and
grades
high
enough
to
be
admitted
to
Duke
University.
With
a
degree
in
computer
science,
she
finally
became
the
manager
of
a
company
in
New
York.
My
mother
could
give
fluent
speeches,
say
“wolves”
correctly.
It
was
my
mother
who
always
stressed
the
importance
of
language.
From
the
time
l
was
born,
I
was
read
to.
I
would
fall
asleep
to
the
sounds
of
my
parents'
voices,
whether
it
was
my
dad’s
softly
accented,
or
my
mother's
clear
English.
The
flow
of
language
was
unbroken,
and
whether
in
Chinese
or
English,
the
stream
of
communication
flowed
through
our
house.
One
October
morning
in
sixth
grade,
after
my
mother
had
left
to
catch
the
train
to
the
city,
I
left
the
house
for
the
bus
stop.
I
was
surprised
when
I
saw
our
car,
the
door
hanging
open.
As
I
drew
closer,
I
saw
my
mother
lying
on
the
ground.
In
the
hospital,
it
was
hard
to
believe
that
the
lady
who
lay
before
me
was
my
mom.
My
mother
could
not
remember
my
name.
As
the
leaves
changed
colors,
it
became
clear
that
the
stroke
had
created
a
wall
between
my
mother’s
mind
and
mouth:
her
mind
was
not
any
less
clear,
but
the
words
she
spoke
were
not
what
she
meant.
The
battle
my
mother
faced
taught
me
the
importance
of
language.
Without
it,
identity
does
not
exist;
relationships
cannot
be
formed;
stories
cannot
be
told;
directions
cannot
be
given,
and
knowing
anything
about
anyone
is
impossible.
Without
language,
communication
cannot
take
place.
Without
language,
one
cannot
express
the
beauty
of
a
sunset
or
the
kindness
of
a
stranger.
The
world
would
pass
us
by
in
silence.
1.
From
the
second
paragraph,
we
can
know____.
A.
the
author
was
taught
to
read
since
she
was
born
B.
the
author’s
father
spoke
English
poorly
C.
the
author
couldn't
fall
asleep
without
being
read
to
D.
the
author's
parents
taught
her
language
by
talking
a
lot
2.
According
to
the
last
two
paragraphs,
the
author’s
mom
was
unable
to
__________.
A.
think
clearly
B.
express
herself
well
C.
speak
D.
open
her
mouth
3.
This
passage
is
mainly
about
______.
A.
a
strong
mother
B.
the
importance
of
language
C.
a
family
disaster
D.
the
significance
of
teaching
language
六、书面表达
（成都市树德协进中学）假如你是李华，请根据以下要点提示，给你的美国朋友诗瑶(Shi
Yao)写一封信，告诉她你军训(military
training)的情况。
注意：
1.请保持100个词左右,
结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
2.
书信应包含下列要点
①军训前的心情
②
军训中的具体情形(两点具体情况描述)
③军训后的收获(两点收获)
3.
可适当增加细节和相应的连接词，使行文流畅。
Dear
Shi
Yao,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Can
you
write
back
to
tell
me
something
about
your
high
school?
Yours
sincerely,
Li
Hua
答案与解析
五、阅读理解
作者的妈妈来到美国，很快适应当地的语言，也非常重视对作者的语言教育，但是因为一次中风，作者的妈妈不能表达自己的想法，作者更加意识到语言的重要性。
1.
D细节题：从文章第二段的句子：It
was
my
mother
who
always
stressed
the
importance
of
language.
From
the
time
I
was
born,
I
was
read
to.
I
would
fall
asleep
to
the
sounds
of
my
parents’
voices,
whether
it
was
my
dad’s
softly
accented,
or
my
mother’s
clear
English.可知作者的父母通过经常交谈教作者语言，选D
2.
B推理题：从第四段的句子：her
mind
was
not
any
less
clear,
but
the
words
she
spoke
were
not
what
she
meant.可知作者的妈妈不能清楚的表达自己的想法，故选B项。
3.
B主旨题：从全篇文章可知作者的妈妈来到美国，很快适应当地的语言，也非常重视对作者的语言教育，但是因为一次中风，作者的妈妈不能表达自己的想法，作者更加意识到语言的重要性。从最后一段的句子：The
battle
my
mother
faced
taught
me
the
importance
of
language.
，故选B项。
六、书面表达
One
possible
version:
Dear
Shi
Yao,
I’m
now
writing
to
tell
you
something
about
the
military
training
for
high
school
at
the
end
of
August.
To
be
honest,
I
was
both
worried
and
afraid
before
the
military
training,
because
many
people
told
me
it
was
so
terrible.
However,
I
enjoyed
it
so
much.
The
soldiers
who
trained
us
were
so
friendly
and
they
often
helped
us
together
with
our
teachers.
The
food
was
not
so
good
but
I
was
so
hungry
that
I
thought
it
was
delicious.
I
learned
a
lot
from
this
experience.
I
become
more
independent
and
confident.
And
I
have
realized
it’s
important
to
help
each
other
when
we
get
into
trouble.
Can
you
write
back
to
tell
me
something
about
your
military
training
for
high
school?
Yours
sincerely,
Li
Hua巩固练习
一、填入单词完成句子
1.
Rex
soon
became
an
(专家)in
cookery.
2.
The
(景色)
in
the
mountains
is
very
beautiful.
3.
Don’t
worry
too
much
about
the
______
(面试).
You
will
be
OK.
4.
The
exciting
football
match
was
held
in
the
(体育馆)
of
our
city.
5.
If
you
say
OK,
I
shall
consider
the
matter
is
(完全地)
settled.
6.
He
(抛弃)
his
wife
and
went
away
with
all
their
money.
7.
They
(吓唬)
the
white
bird
away
by
rising
to
their
feet
suddenly.
8.
We
had
to
go
there
by
travelling
on
the
(半夜)
train.
9.
In
England,
(距离)
is
measured
in
miles,
not
in
kilometres.
10.
What
the
old
headmaster
said
at
the
graduation
(仪式)
impressed
me.
二、完成短语
1.take
脱掉；起飞
take
占据(时间、空间等)
take
呈现；雇用
take...
认真对待……
2.
the
distance从远方
a
distance
在远处
sb.
at
a
distance
和某人保持距离
3.look
看起来像
look
回忆；回顾
look
back
蒸蒸日上；越来越成功
4.
midnight
在半夜
at
在正午
______
the
evening在傍晚
5.be
short
是……的缩写
short
总而言之；简单地说
short简称，缩写
6.
of
date
过期
up
date
时髦；流行
date
to
追溯到
date
迄今为止
7.
refer
涉及；与……相关
refer
to
sb.
称某人为……
8.
get
上车；进展；继续
get
下车
get
from摆脱；避免
9.
the
speed
of
以……的速度
speed
加速
at
speed
全速；以最高速度
speed迅速地
10.
not
more
不再
no
more
仅仅
not
any
不再
三、选择短语填空
1.
The
flying
machine
is
flying
light.
2.
The
lion
was
very
lazy
and
slept
.
3.
What
do
you
the
plan
we
made?
4.
The
style
of
the
clothes
has
been
.
5.
It
doesn’t
him
to
do
that
kind
of
things.
6.
He
time,
but
short
of
money.
7.
,
he
is
an
honest
person
and
you
can
depend
on
him.
8.
The
problem
last
week
is
still
in
the
air.
9.
It
was
so
dark
outside
that
they
could
see
nothing
.
10.
To
keep
healthy,
Mr.
Wang
walking
as
a
regular
form
of
exercise.
四、单项选择
1.
(2011
山东高考)Take
your
time—it’s
just
_____
short
distance
from
here
to
_______
restaurant.
A.
不填；the
B.
a;
the
C.
the;
a
D.
不填；a
2.
I
used
to
quarrel
a
lot
with
my
parents,
but
now
we
fine.
A.
look
out
B.
stay
up
C.
carry
on
D.
get
on
3.
(2012
湖北高考)I’m
so
glad
you’ve
come
here
to
______
this
matter
in
person.
A.
lead
to
B.
see
to
C.
turn
to
D.
refer
to
4.
(2011
辽宁高考)____
a
strange
plant!
I’ve
never
seen
it
before.
A.
Which
B.
What
C.
How
D.
Whether
5.
Your
methods
have
long
gone
out
of
______；you
will
have
to
modernize
or
risk
failure.
A.
date
B.
shape
C.
order
D.
balance
6.
The
World
Expo
in
Shanghai
was
a
great
______
for
Chinese
people.
A.
incident
B.
accident
C.
event
D.
happening
7.
The
_______
students
are
looking
forward
to
a
good
night’s
sleep.
A.
exhausted
B.
frightened
C.
amazed
D.
abandoned
8.
All
the
stone
figures
in
the
temple
looked
so
.
A.
frightened
B.
frightening
C.
delighted
D.
surprised
9.
(2010
浙江高考)After
that,
he
knew
he
could
________
any
emergency
by
doing
what
he
could
to
the
best
of
his
ability.
A.
get
away
with
B.
get
on
with
C.
get
through
D.
get
across
10.
(2013
咸阳高一检测)The
president
spoke
at
the
business
meeting
for
nearly
an
hour
without
_______
his
notes.
A.
bringing
up
B.
referring
to
C.
looking
for
D.
trying
on
11.
terrible
weather
it
was
when
earthquakes
happened
in
Sichuan.
A.
How
B.
How
a
C.
What
D.
What
a
12.
(2013
北京高一检测)Don’t
respond
to
any
e-mails
_______
personal
information,
no
matter
how
official
they
look.
A.
requested
B.
request
C.
requesting
D.
to
be
requested
13.
Seeing
the
happy
of
children
playing
in
the
park,
I
am
full
of
joy
and
confidence
in
the
future
of
our
country.
A.
scenery
B.
scene
C.
view
D.
sightseeing
14.
(2013
顺义高一检测)Because
of
the
big
snow,
most
highways
_______
north
were
blocked.
A.
to
lead
B.
leading
C.
led
D.
to
be
led
15.
(2013
常州高一检测)Our
teacher
is
clever
and
hard-working,
but
not
very
good
at
_______
his
ideas
to
us.
A.
getting
over
B.
getting
across
C.
getting
on
D.
getting
into
五、翻译句子
1.
你认为我们班最好的学生是谁？（do
you
suppose）
2.
众所周知，CCTV是中国中央电视台的简称。（be
short
for）
3.
阳光灿烂地照耀着，没有风，晴空万里。
(there
be句式)
4.
男士喜欢的西装将永不过时。（out
of
date）
5.
在沙漠中走，我们可以看到很多被遗弃的商品。
六、完形填空
（2015
福建省质量检查）读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Shortly
after
I
started
out
as
a
professional
baseball
player
in
the
Tri-State
League,
I
was
fired.
“Frank,”
the
manager
said
1
,
“whatever
you
do
after
you
leave
here,
put
some
2
and
enthusiasm
into
your
work!”
Well,
that
was
the
3
thing
I
expected
him
to
say.
A
week
later,
4
,
I
was
introduced
to
the
New
Haven.
My
first
day
here
will
always
5
in
my
memory
as
a
great
event
in
my
life.
No
one
knew
me
in
the
league,
so
I
was
6
to
make
myself
the
most
enthusiastic
ball
player
they’d
ever
seen.
From
the
minute
I
7
on
the
field,
I
acted
like
a
man
electrified.
And
I
acted
as
if
I
were
alive
with
a
million
8
.
My
biggest
thrill
came
the
following
morning
9
I
read
in
the
New
Haven
newspaper:
“This
10
player,
Frank,
has
a
barrel
(桶)
of
enthusiasm.
He
11
our
boys.
They
looked
better
than
at
any
time
this
season.”
The
newspapers
began
12
me
the
life
of
the
team.
Within
two
weeks,
enthusiasm
took
me
from
$215
a
month
to
$1815
a
month—it
13
my
income
by
700
percent!
Two
years
after
that,
I
was
14
third
base
for
the
St.
Louis
and
multiplied
my
income
by
thirty
times.
Enthusiasm
15
did
it;
nothing
but
enthusiasm.
Enthusiasm
is
by
far
the
highest
paid
16
on
earth.
It
helps
you
become
more
successful,
and
17
a
healthier,
richer
and
happier
life.
“To
become
enthusiastic—act
enthusiastically.”
Put
this
rule
into
18
for
thirty
days
and
be
prepared
to
see
astonishing
19.
It
may
easily
change
your
entire
life.
Can
you
acquire
enthusiasm—or
must
you
be
born
20
it?
Certainly
you
can
acquire
it!
1.
A.
carefully
B.
casually
C.
quickly
D.
firmly
2.
A.
curiosity
B.
life
C.
experience
D.
pleasure
3.
A.
proper
B.
other
C.
last
D.
only
4.
A.
meanwhile
B.
therefore
C.
otherwise
D.
however
5.
A.
give
out
B.
keep
up
C.
stand
out
D.
look
up
6.
A.
determined
B.
delighted
C.
excited
D.
moved
7.
A.
glanced
B.
appeared
C.
queued
D.
cheered
8.
A.
batteries
B.
machines
C.
players
D.
balls
9.
A.
till
B.
before
C.
when
D.
though
10.
A.
healthy
B.
popular
C.
familiar
D.
new
11.
A.
inspired
B.
satisfied
C.
upset
D.
disappointed
12.
A.
showing
B.
calling
C.
giving
D.
bringing
13.
A.
included
B.
made
C.
took
D.
increased
14.
A.
introducing
B.
leaving
C.
playing
D.
starting
15.
A.
alone
B.
once
C.
also
D.
indeed
16.
A.
reputation
B.
quality
C.
theme
D.
profession
17.
A.
change
B.
enjoy
C.
spoil
D.
admire
18.
A.
field
B.
memory
C.
action
D.
idea
19.
A.
efforts
B.
events
C.
factors
D.
results
20.
A.
with
B.
in
C.
without
D.
at
答案与解析
一、填入单词完成句子
1.
expert
2.
scenery
3.
interview
4.
stadium
5.
completely
6.
abandoned
7.
frightened
8.
midnight
9.
distance
10.
ceremony
二、完成短语
1.
off;
up;
on;
seriously
2.
in/to;
at;
keep
3.
like;
back;
never/not
4.
at;
noon;
in
5.
for;
in;
for
6.
out;
to;
back;
to
7.
to;
as
8.
on;
off;
away
9.
at;
pick
up/gather;
top/full;
with
10.
any;
than;
longer
三、选择短语填空
1.
at
the
speed
of
2.
all
the
time
3.
think
of
4.
out
of
date
5.
look
like
6.
is
not
short
of
7.
In
short
8.
referred
to
9.
in
the
distance
10.
took
up
四、单项选择
1.
B。
句意：别着急—从这儿到那家餐馆仅有很短的一段距离。第一个空中加a表示一段距离；第二个空后的restaurant在句中为特指，应用定冠词the,
故本题正确答案为B。
2.
D。get
on
fine/well意为相处的好，根据句意知选D。
3.
B。句意：我很高兴你亲自来这里处理这个问题。lead
to导致，引起；see
to处理，解决；turn
to转向，求助；refer
to指的是，涉及，查阅。根据题干信息，与this
matter
in
person搭配的应该表示的是“亲自解决问题”。
4.
B。句意：多么稀奇的一种植物！我以前从未见过。根据后面的感叹号可知此句为感叹句，要用what或how来引导。此句构成了what
+a
+形容词+可数名词单数的句型，若用how引导，此句要改为“How
strange
the
plant
is!
”
5.
A。题意：你那套方法早已过时，你得用现代化的方法，不然就要冒失败的危险。out
of
date“过时”，符合题意。out
of
shape“变形”；out
of
order“出毛病”，出故障；out
of
balance“失去平衡”。
6.
C。event表示“重大事件”，符合题意。incident表示“小事件”；accident侧重指“交通事故”；happening指偶然或者意外发生的事情。
7.
A。从句子的意思得出答案，“筋疲力尽的学生在盼望好好睡一觉。”
8.
B。frightening令人惊恐的;frightened感到害怕的;delighted高兴的;surprised感到惊讶的。
9.
C。句意：自那以后，他知道只要尽力，他能处理任何紧急情况。get
away
with侥幸逃脱，携……逃走；get
on
with与……相处，进展；get
through用完，设法做成或完成，打通电话。get
across让人理解。
10.
B。
句意：总统在会议上讲了将近一个小时而没有参考发言稿。bring
up“抚养”;
refer
to“参考”;
look
for“寻找”;
try
on“试穿”。refer
to符合语境。
12.
C。
句意：无论看起来多正式,
都不要回应任何索求个人信息的电子邮件。分析句子可知____
personal
information是定语,
且被修饰词e-mails和request之间是主动关系,
因此选择现在分词。
13.
B。scene场景，含有人在内；scenery（某个地区）总的自然风光；view从远处或高处看
到的景观景物；sightseeing眼见到的景色。
14.
D。此处逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句，引导词作主语，故用which作引导词，排除A项，I
think为插入语，B项中I
think位置不对，而C项中it与which重复。
15.
A。考查动词短语辨析。take
off此处意为“（事业）腾飞”，符合句意。get
off下（车、船等）；动身；turn
off关掉；come
off脱落。
14.
B。句意：由于大雪,
通往北方的大部分公路都封闭了。此处是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰highways,
highways与lead之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
15.
B。句意：我们的老师聪明又勤奋,
但不太擅长把自己的意思表达清楚。get
over“克服”;
get
across“使……被理解”;
get
on“上车”;
get
into“进入”。get
across符合题意。
五、翻译句子
1.
Who
do
you
suppose
is
the
best
student
in
our
class?
2.
As
we
all
know,
CCTV
is
short
for
China
Central
Television
station.
3.
The
sun
shines,
and
there
is
no
wind
and
there
are
no
clouds
in
the
sky.
4.
The
suits
which
are
popular
with
men
will
never
be
out
of
date.
5.
Walking
in
the
desert,
we
could
see
many
abandoned
goods.
六、完形填空
本文主要讲述作者自己的人生经历，通过自己态度的变化所带来的对自己的影响，进一步说明“热情”对人生的意义和作用。
1.D。经理叫我是给我做思想工作，教训我，教训我的时候当然是非常严厉。
2.B。life可以表示“活力；生气”；经理告诉我以后无论做什么，都要把活力和热情投入到工作中去。
3.C。last
最后的，这是我希望听到的他最后说的话。
4.D。承上转折，我被开除，然而我一周后就被New
Haven聘用。
5.C。stand
out
突出，我在这儿的第一天，在我的记忆深处，总是作为一件大事，总是那么记忆犹新。
6.A。be
determined
to决心做某事，在这儿没有人认识我，我决定做一个最有激情的棒球运动员。
7.B。appear
出现，我一出现在赛场上，就像充了电一样，我激情澎湃。
8.A。我表现的好像充了一百万伏的电一样，我真的是彻底改变了。battery
电池；电量。
9.C。when引导的时间状语从句，当我读到报纸上对我的描述的时候，真正的激动时刻到来了。
10.D。我是刚来的，所以是新运动员。
11.A。inspire
鼓舞，报纸上评论我鼓舞了他们的队员，因为我的热情。
12.B。报纸开始称我为球队的生命。call
sb.
sth.
称……为……。
13.D。increase
增加，这增加我的收入700%。
14.C。play
third
base我为the
St.
Louis对打第三垒。我的收入增加了三十倍。
15.A。通过下文的nothing
but
enthusiasm
可知，只是热情让我实现了这一切。
16.B。quality
品质，热情是回报最高的一种品质。
17.B。enjoy
a
…
life，享受……的生活。
18.C。把规则付之于行动三十天，准备看惊人的效果，故答案选action。
19.D。根据上题，可知答案选D。
20.A。be
born
with天生具有。
in
short,
in
the
distance,
be
short
of,
at
the
speed
of,
out
of
date,
all
the
time,
refer
to,
look
like,
take
up,
think
of一、单句填空
1．Learning
requires
patience(patient)．The
same
is
true
of
making
friends.
2．If
you
want
to
catch
that
train
you’d
better
set
off
for
the
station
immediately
(immediate)．
3．I
really
appreciate
your
offering(offer)
to
drive
me
home,
but
I
am
afraid
that
I
have
to
finish
my
work
first
now.
4．To
avoid
being
seen(see)
by
the
teacher，Tom
got
into
the
classroom
from
the
back
door
quietly.
5．Strictly(strict)
speaking,
the
book
written
by
a
famous
writer
is
not
a
novel,
but
a
short
story.
6．In
the
beginning，the
man
refused
to
say
anything
about
the
lost
car,
but
he
had
to
admit
having
stolen/stealing(steal)
it
because
of
the
solid
proofs.
7．Nearly
half
a
million
people
are
believed
to
have
left
their
homes
in
the
past
month
as
a
result
of
the
disaster.
8．You
are
sure
to
succeed(succeed)if
you
go
on
working
hard.
9．So
clever
a
boy
is
he
that
he
worked
out
the
problem
in
a
short
time.
10．Microblog
is
like
a
public
network,
with
people
sharing(share)
information
publicly;
whatever
they
say
or
publish
can
be
seen
by
everybody.
二、.改错
1．I
think
that
as
long
as
you
put
effort
into
study,
you
will
make
a
great
progress.
去掉a
2．There
were
such
many
books
in
the
shop
that
he
didn’t
know
which
to
buy.
such→so
3．My
car
broke
down.I’d
appreciate
if
you
could
give
me
a
ride
home.
在if前加it
4．In
his
dream,
the
angel
stood
there
with
her
eyes
fixing
on
him.
fixing→fixed
5．Believe
it
or
not,
I
will
take
the
information
on
the
website
serious.
serious→seriously
三、文章里的高考
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I’ll
introduce
my
three
teachers.Mrs
Li
is
my
English
teacher，1.who
is
kind
and
shy.She
explains
everything
so
2.clearly(clear)
that
everyone
can
understand
3.her(she)．She
avoids
4.making(make)
us
feel
stupid.We
feel
we
can
make
progress
with
her.Mrs
Chen
is
serious
and
strict.Even
students
who
keep
coming
to
class
late
are
always
5.on
time
for
her
class.Most
of
us
appreciate
her
6.because
her
teaching
is
so
well
7.organised(organise)
and
clear.We
think
we’ll
do
well
with
her
8.teaching(teach)
us.Mr
Wu
teaches
us
Chinese
literature.He’s
got
so
much
energy
and
talks
loudly
and
fast.He
tells
9.jokes(joke)
when
he
thinks
we’re
getting
10.bored(bore)．You
will
never
fall
asleep
in
his
class.
四、单元中的写作
energetic,
patient,
strict,
avoid,
appreciate,
respect,
admit,
as
a
result,
be
sure
that,
make
progress
1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的词语)
①我们的英语老师是一个精力充沛且有耐心的人，但他对我们的学习要求很严格。
Our
English
teacher
is
an
energetic
and
patient
person,
but
he
is
very
strict
with
us
in
our
study．
②为了避免错误，我们做作业时都很细心。
To
avoid
making
mistakes,
we
are
all
very
careful
when
we
are
doing
our
homework.
③因此，我们在英语上取得了很大的进步。
As
a
result,
we
have
made
great
progress
in
English．
④我们感谢他耐心的指导，并且非常尊重他。
We
appreciate
his
patient
instruction
and
show
respect
for
him
very
much.
⑤我确信，因为他耐心地教我们，我们最终都会被梦想的大学录取。
I
am
sure
that
as
he
teaches
us
patiently
we
will
be
admitted
to
our
dream
universities
in
time.
2．升级平淡句
①用状语从句的省略升级句②
To
avoid
making
mistakes,
we
are
all
very
careful
when
doing
our
homework.
②用with复合结构升级句⑤
I’m
sure
that
with
him
teaching
us
patiently
we
will
be
admitted
to
our
dream
universities
in
time.
3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：so,
therefore)
Our
English
teacher
is
an
energetic
and
patient
person,
but
he
is
very
strict
with
us
in
our
study.So,
to
avoid
making
mistakes,
we
are
all
very
careful
when
doing
our
homework.As
a
result,
we
have
made
great
progress
in
English.Therefore,
we
appreciate
his
patient
instruction
and
show
respect
for
him
very
much.
I’m
sure
that
with
him
teaching
us
patiently
we
will
be
admitted
to
our
dream
universities
in
time.
五、阅读理解（2015届广东省茂名市高三第二次模拟考试）
This
is
a
true
story
about
a
boy
who,
the
world
might
say,
was
a
terrible
underachiever.
While
in
the
eighth
grade,
he
failed
subjects
repeatedly.
High
school
wasn’t
much
better;
he
flunked
Latin,
algebra,
English,
and
received
a
grade
of
zero
in
physics.
The
boy
managed
to
make
the
school
golf
team,
but
he
lost
the
most
important
golf
match
of
the
season.
It’s
not
that
his
peers(同龄人)
disliked
this
boy;
it’s
just
that
they
never
really
seemed
to
notice
him
much.
Even
“Hellos”
in
the
hall
were
a
rarity(罕见).
Out
of
all
the
failures
in
his
life,
there
was
something
that
did
hold
great
importance
to
this
boy,
his
love
of
drawing.
Although
in
high
school,
the
cartoons
he
submitted
to
the
yearbook
were
rejected,
once
out
of
school,
the
boy
was
so
sure
of
his
artistic
talent
that
he
approached
Walt
Disney
Studios
with
drawing
works.
I
wish
I
could
say
the
studios
loved
his
work
and
immediately
hired
him,
but
such
was
not
the
case;
another
huge
rejection.
Despite
his
lack
of
successes,
this
boy
did
not
give
up.
He
then
decided
to
write
his
own
autobiography(自传)
in
cartoons,
about
a
little
boy
who
was
regarded
as
a
loser
and
a
nobody.
The
name
of
this
boy
was
Charles
Schulz,
the
creator
of
the
famous
Charlie
Brown
and
comic
dog
Snoopy.
In
life,
it
is
sometimes
easy
to
feel
like
a
nobody.
We
pass
hundreds
of
people
on
the
street
on
our
way
to
work,
or
walk
through
a
faceless(无名的)
crowd
in
a
mall,
and
no
one
seems
to
notice
or
care.
Deep
inside,
we
may
know
we
are
special
and
unique
and
have
lots
to
offer,
but
unless
someone
takes
the
time
to
look
our
way
and
give
us
a
chance,
we
may
feel
worthless,
just
like
Charlie
Brown
who
couldn’t
even
manage
to
fly
a
kite
or
kick
a
football
properly.
Just
as
Charles
Schulz
had
faith
in
his
artistic
talent,
so
too,
we
must
realize
that
nobody
is
a
nobody.
We
all
have
special
gifts
and
talents,
and
every
human
being
is
deserving(值得的)
and
capable
of(有能力的)
being
loved
and
appreciated.
1.
The
underlined
word
“flunked”
in
Paragraph
1
is
closest
in
meaning
to
________.
A.
failed
B.
learned
C.
achieved
D.
misunderstood
2.
What
can
we
infer
about
the
boy
in
Paragraph
2?
A.
He
was
hated
by
his
peers.
B.
He
achieved
great
success
in
drawing
in
high
school.
C.
His
work
was
refused
by
Walt
Disney
Studios.
D.
He
earned
the
praise
from
Walt
Disney
Studios.
3.
When
the
boy
suffered
many
defeats,
he
________.
A.
gave
up
his
dream
finally
B.
wrote
some
articles
in
magazines
C.
he
turned
to
others
for
help
D.
he
wrote
himself
as
a
loser
in
cartoons
4.
In
the
last
two
paragraphs,
we
are
advised
_______.
A.
to
open
up
our
eyes
B.
to
believe
we
can
make
some
difference
C.
to
learn
more
skills
for
development
D.
to
ask
for
more
appreciation
and
love
5.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
Nobody
Is
a
Nobody
B.
A
Hard-working
Boy
Is
Successful
C.
We
Should
Turn
Failure
into
Success
D.
One
Cannot
Succeed
without
Talents
答案与解析
五、阅读理解
本文通过一个失败的小男孩的经历告诉我们，尽管我们会失败，但我们有自己的优势，我们不是一无是处，我们值得被欣赏
1.
A
词意猜测。根据第一段提到While
in
the
eighth
grade,
he
failed
subjects
repeatedly.
High
school
wasn’t
much
better;
he
flunked
Latin,
algebra,
English,
and
received
a
grade
of
zero
in
physics.
当八年级时他不断的考试失败，高中也不太好，他学不好拉丁语、代数和英语，物理也得了零分，故选A项。
2.
C
推断题。根据第二段提到I
wish
I
could
say
the
studios
loved
his
work
and
immediately
hired
him,
but
such
was
not
the
case;
another
huge
rejection我希望这个公司能喜欢他的作品，立刻雇佣他但事实是又一次被拒绝，故选C项。
3.
D
推断题。根据第三段提到Despite
his
lack
of
successes,
this
boy
did
not
give
up.
He
then
decided
to
write
his
own
autobiography
in
cartoons,
about
a
little
boy
who
was
regarded
as
a
loser
and
a
nobody.
尽管没有成功他并没有放弃，他决定把自己的经历写进卡通人物，一个被认为是失败者的小男孩，故选D项。
4.
B
推断题。根据最后二段提到在生活中，有时会感觉自己一无是处，而在内心深处，我们知道自己是与众不同的，需要花费时间来让人们看到我们，给我机会，我们必须意识到每个人都是不一样的，我们有自己的天赋，值得被欣赏，故选B项。
5.
A
主旨标题。本文通过一个失败的小男孩的经历告诉我们，尽管我们会失败，但我们有自己的优势，我们不是一无是处，我们值得被欣赏，故选A项。Module
2
My
New
Teachers
高频词汇
1.nervous
adj.　紧张的；焦虑的
2.shy
adj.
害羞的；羞怯的
3.strict
adj.
严格的；严厉的
4.serious
adj.
严肃的
5.impression
n.
印象
6.avoid
vt.
(故意)
避开
7.hate
vt.
讨厌；不喜欢
8.completely
adv.
十分地；完全地
9.loudly
adv.
大声地
10.wave
vt.
挥(手)；招(手)
11.joke
n.
玩笑；笑话
12.period
n.
一段时间
13.topic
n.
话题；题目
14.vacation
n.
假期
15.formal
adj.
正式的
高频短语
1.make
sure
　确定；确信；查明；弄清楚
2.so
that
因此
3.make
progress
取得进步
4.as
a
result
结果
5.in
fact
事实上
6.fall
asleep
睡着
7.tell
jokes
讲笑话；开玩笑
8.be
true
of
适用于
高频句型
1.
so/such...that...
如此……以至于……
2.
would
rather
do
sth.
than
do
sth./
would
do
sth.
rather
than
do
sth宁可做某事也不做某事
3.
this/it
is
true
of
这也适用于……
重点短语
tell
jokes
【原句回放】He’s
really
amusing
and
tells
jokes
when
he
thinks
we’re
getting
bored.
他真的是很有趣，看到我们有点厌烦了就给我们讲笑话。
tell
jokes
讲笑话
My
son
likes
to
tell
jokes,
although
he
has
no
intention
to
become
a
comedian.
虽然我儿子没有打算要去做喜剧演员，但他很喜欢讲笑话。
【点拨】tell的有关短语：
tell
a
lie
说谎
tell
a
story
讲故事
tell
one's
experiences
诉说自己的经历
tell
sb's
fate/
fortune/future
给某人算命
tell
the
difference
分辨差别
tell
the
time
报时
tell
the
truth
说实话
tell
twins
区分双胞胎
So...that...
So...that
句式：
so+adj/adv.+that...
so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数＋that...
So+many/few+可数名词复数＋that...
so+much/little(少）＋不可数名词＋
that...
such...that
句式：
such+a/an+(adj.+)可数名词单数＋
that...
such+(adj.+)可数名词复数＋that...
such+(adj.+)不可数名词＋that...
学法点拨
so
that
①
引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所
以”，从句中通常不用情态动词。
②引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为
了”，从句中常含有may,might,can,
could等情态动词。
教材原句
but
I
think
that
I'll
do
well
in
the
exam
with
Mrs
Chen
teaching
me.但我觉得有
陈老师教我，我考试会考得不错。
up
to
【原句回放】It’s
up
to
you
由你来决定。
【点拨】be
up
to
sb.
应该由某人负责，是某人的责任
It’s
up
to
us
to
help
those
having
lost
their
homes
in
the
earthquake.
我们有责任帮助那些在地震中失去家园的人们。
be
up
to
sth./doing
sth.
能胜任（做）某事
My
passive
vocabulary
in
Spanish
would
not
be
up
to
the
task.
我的西班牙词汇不够用，因此难以胜任。
up
to
多达……
The
hotel
can
accommodate
up
to
500
guests.
这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。
with
复合结构
with
复合结构构成：with+宾语＋宾补
常在句中作状语，表示原因、方式、时间、
条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有：
1
with+宾语＋现在分词（表示主动或
正在进行）
2with+宾语＋过去分词（表示被动或
已经完成）
3
with+宾语＋动词不定式（表示尚未发
生）
4
with+宾语＋形容词
5
with+宾语＋副词
6
with+宾语＋介词短语
学法点拨
with
复合结构在句中还可作定语。
Jan0e
教材原句
I
think
this
is
because
he
really
enjoys
teaching
Chinese
literature-he
loves
it,in
fact!我觉得这是因为他很喜欢教中国文
学－事实上，他热爱中国文学！
tell
jokes
【原句回放】He’s
really
amusing
and
tells
jokes
when
he
thinks
we’re
getting
bored.
他真的是很有趣，看到我们有点厌烦了就给我们讲笑话。
tell
jokes
讲笑话
My
son
likes
to
tell
jokes,
although
he
has
no
intention
to
become
a
comedian.
虽然我儿子没有打算要去做喜剧演员，但他很喜欢讲笑话。
【点拨】tell的有关短语：
tell
a
lie
说谎
tell
a
story
讲故事
tell
one's
experiences
诉说自己的经历
tell
sb's
fate/
fortune/future
给某人算命
tell
the
difference
分辨差别
tell
the
time
报时
tell
the
truth
说实话
tell
twins
区分双胞胎
make
sure
【拓展】be
sure
of/that...有把握，确信(主语是人)
She
looked
over
her
shoulder
to
be
sure
of
her
footing.
她扭头看了看后面以确认自己是否站稳了。
be
sure
to
do
sth.一定会，必然会做某事
(主语是人或物)
He
is
sure
to
succeed.
他一定会成功。(别人对他的看法)
【点拨】make
sure弄清楚；查明；确信；务必要(做到)，后面一般不接不定式。
Make
sure
you
defrost
the
chicken
completely
before
cooking.
一定让冻鸡化透后再烹调。
First
you
must
make
sure
of
the
time
and
place.
首先你必须弄清时间和地点。
make
sure
of/about弄清楚；查明
重点句型
我本想留张纸条在她书桌上的。(事实上没有留)
this/it
is
true
of
这也适用于……
【原句回放】This
is
true
of
France,
Germany,
and
Spain,
where
discipline
and
respect
for
the
teachers
is
considered
very
important.
法国、德国、西班牙就是这样，在这些国家里，遵守纪律和尊敬老师被认为是很重要的。
【点拨】This
is
true
of...是一个常用句型，意为“这也适用于……”。
This/That/The
same/It
is
true
of..
……也是如此，也适用于……
【拓展】表示“……也是如此”的句型还有：
1.
so+动词/情态动词/be动词+
sb./sth.（用于肯定形式中）
2.
Neither/
Nor
+动词/情态动词/be动词+
sb./sth.
（用于否定形式中）
3.
It
is
the
same
with
sb./
sth.
（用于含有两个或两个以上动词的所有形式中，和the
same
is
true
of通用）
4.
So
it
is
with
sb./
sth.
（用于含有两个或两个以上动词的所有形式中，和the
same
is
true
of通用）
He
has
worked
in
the
company
for
more
than
10
years,
and
so
have
I.
他在这家公司工作十多年了，我也是。
Tom
didn’t
mean
to
tell
the
secret.
Neither
did
I.
汤姆不是故意泄露秘密的，我也是如此。
Jackson
went
to
New
York
and
would
stay
there
for
two
weeks.
It
is
the
same
with
his
boss.
杰克逊去了纽约，准备在那儿待两周。他老板也是一样。
主句＋unless＋条件状语从句，除非……
【教材原句】She’s
very
strict—we
don’t
dare
to
say
a
word
unless
she
asks
us
to.
她很严格——如果不是她要求我们说，我们一句话也不敢说。
would
rather
do
sth.
than
do
sth./
would
do
sth.
rather
than
do
sth
【原句回放】I’d
rather
study
history
than
geography
because
I
can
learn
a
lot
from
many
historical
figures.
我宁愿学历史而不愿学地理，因为我可以从许多历史人物中学到很多东西。
【点拨】would
rather
do
sth.
than
do
sth./
would
do
sth.
rather
than
do
sth宁可做某事也不做某事
She
would
rather
die
than
give
a
speech.(=She
would
die
rather
than
give
a
speech.)
她宁愿死也不愿意做演讲。
I
would
rather
be
laughed
at
than
quarrel
with
him.
我宁愿被嘲笑，也不愿和他吵架。
【拓展】rather
than
而不是
or
rather
更确切的说
would
rather
(not)
do
sth.
宁愿(不)做某事
would
rather
sb.
did
sth.
宁愿某人做某事
(用一般过去时表示对现在和将来的虚拟)
would
rather
sb.
had
done
sth.
宁愿某人做过某事
(用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟)
注意：would
rather
后还可接动词的完成式，表示主语要做某事，而结果却事与愿违。
I’d
rather
have
left
a
note
on
her
desk.
我本想留张纸条在她书桌上的。(事实上没有留)
so/
such...that...
【拓展】so
that引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can
/could
/may
/might
/will
/would
/should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so
that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此;所以”。
The
little
boy
saved
every
coin
so
that
he
could
buy
his
mother
a
present
on
Mother's
day.
这个小男孩精打细算，以便他能在母亲节给妈妈买一份礼物。
such...that结构也引导结果状语从句，二者结构区别如下：
so
+
adj./
adv.
+
that
so
+
many/few
+
复数名词
+
that
so
+
much/
little（少）
+不可数名词
+
that
so
+
adj.
+
a/an
+单数名词
+
that
such
+
a/an
+
adj.
+单数名词+
that
such
+
adj.
+复数名词+
that
such
+
adj.
+不可数名词+
that
such
+
a/an
+
adj.
+单数名词+
that
=
so
+
adj.
+
a/an
+单数名词
+
that
They
are
such
interesting
novels
that
I
want
to
read
them
once
again.
这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。
【点拨】so...that...
如此……以致于……，引导结果状语从句。
When
the
football
fans
saw
Beckham,
they
got
so
excited
that
they
cried
out.
当足球粉丝们看到贝克汉姆时，他们兴奋得叫起来。
表示过去时间的时态归纳
过去进行时
过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。
I
was
having
a
talk
with
Li
Hua
at
that
time.
那时，我正在跟李华谈话。
I
was
watching
TV
at
home
last
night.
昨晚我一直在看电视。
过去进行时的结构：
过去进行时由“was
/
were
+
现在分词”构成。
I
was
doing
my
lessons
then.
那时,我在做功课。
We
were
cleaning
the
house.
我们在打扫房子。
注意：
1.
过去进行时可表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。
He
said
they
were
leaving
for
Beijing
this
afternoon.
他说他今天下午要去北京。
2.
hope,
wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。
I
was
wondering
whether
you
could
come
to
join
us.
我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动.
3.
过去进行时中有always,
forever,
continually,
constantly修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。
He
was
always
thinking
of
himself.
他总是只想到自己。
一般过去时
一般过去时通常有四种用法：
1.?表示过去的动作或状语
即表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。
They
gave
it
to
me
just
now.?
这是他们刚才给我的。
Many
animals
died
in
last
winter’s
heavy
snows.?
许多牲畜在去年的大雪中死去。
Mary
lived
in
Kentucky
for
seven
years
before
she
came
to
China.
在玛丽来中国前，她在肯塔基州住了七年。
2.?表示过去的习惯
表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。
We
often
talked
together.?
我们常常一起聊天。
Even
at
night
he
seldom
relaxed
when
he
was
young.?
他年轻时甚至晚上他也很少休息。
3.?表示委婉语气
一般过去时并不永远表示过去，它有时也可以用来表示委婉语气，该用法通常用于hope,
think,
wonder等动词。如：
I
wondered
if
you
could
give
me
a
lift.?
我不知您能否让我搭一下车。
I
thought
you
might
like
some
flowers.?
我想您也许想要些花。
4.?表示现在
在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应的关系，一般过去时可以表示现在。
I
didn’t
know
you
were
here.?
我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在)
I
didn’t
know
you
were
so
busy．
我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在)
另外，在某些特殊句式中，一般过去时也可以表示现在。
It’s
time
we
started.?
我们该动身了。
I
wish
I
knew
his
name.?
要是我知道他的名字就好了。
I’d
rather
you
lived
closer
to
us.?
我希望你能住得离我们近点。
动词过去式规则变化：
1.直接加ed:
work—worked
,
2.以e结尾的单词，直接加d：live—lived
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study—studied
4.
以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed：stop—stopped
不规则变化举例：
have/has—had,
eat—ate,
see—saw，am/is—was,
go—went,
do—did，take—took,
run—ran,
lend—lent
一般过去时结构
基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他
否定形式：was/were
+
not；在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词
一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他？
She
often
came
to
help
us
in
those
days.
I
didn't
know
you
were
so
busy.
过去将来时　
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即：过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,
常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是：要有表示过去的“动作”，而不是时间。
The
students
said
they
would
go
to
visit
the
Great
Wall
the
next
day.
I
was
about
to
go
out
when
the
telephone
rang.
用法：
一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态：
If
I
had
a
chance
to
study
abroad,
I
would
study
at
Cambridge
University.
如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。
其他表达法：
1.
was/were
going
to
+
动词原形：
He
said
that
he
was
going
to
live
in
the
country
when
he
retired.
他说他退休后要住在农村。
2.
was/were
+
动词-ing形式：
Nobody
knew
whether
the
guests
were
coming.
没人知道客人们是否要来。
3.
was/were
+
动词不定式：
She
said
she
was
to
clean
the
classroom
after
school.
她说她放学后要打扫教室。
注意：
1.
“was/were
going
to
+
动词原形"或"was/were
+动词不定式完成式”可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。
Last
Sunday
we
were
going
to
visit
the
Great
Wall,
but
it
rained.
上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。
2.
“was/were
about
to
do”表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。
I
felt
something
terrible
was
about
to
happen.
我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。
3.
was/were
on
the
point
of
doing　
I’m
glad
you
have
come.
I
was
on
the
point
of
calling
you,
but
you've
saved
me
the
trouble
now.
很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话，现在你省去我这个麻烦了。
4.
“be
about
to
do”和“be
on
the
point
of
doing”结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用，但后面可以接when引导的分句。
I
was
about
to
start
when
it
suddenly
began
to
rain.
我正要动身天突然下雨了。
5.
过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。不管什么人称，一律用would。
This
door
wouldn’t
open.
这扇门老是打不开。
过去完成时
结构：
基本形式：had
+
过去分词。
We
had
reached
the
top
of
the
hill
before
midnight.
在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。
否定形式：had
+
not
+
过去分词。
They
hadn’t
finished
the
work
when
we
got
there.
我们到那儿时，他们还没有完成工作。
一般疑问句形式：had提到句首，回答用Yes,
主语
+
had.
/
No,
主语
+
hadn’t.
—Had
he
told
you
to
go
there
earlier
yesterday?
他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗?
—Yes,
he
had.
(No,
he
hadn’t.)
是的，他告诉了。(不，他没有。)
用法：
1.用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。
My
father
asked
me
if
I
had
finished
reading
that
book.
爸爸问我是否读完那本书了。
2.用在“after
/
before
/
when
+
过去时态从句”或有“by+过去时间”的句子中。
Mother
had
already
cooked
supper
before
I
returned
home.
在我回到家前，妈妈已经把饭做好了。
3.
和由for或since
引导的、表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。
He
had
worked
in
that
factory
for
five
years
before
he
moved
here.
他搬到这儿前已经在那个厂子工作了五年。
特别注意:
只有确定了要填的词表示的动作是“过去的过去”或在一个过去动作之前，才能用过去完成时。否则要谨慎使用此时态。
1.
标志性时间状语：by
the
end
(of
last
year),
by
the
time,
before。
By
the
end
of
last
year,
we
had
produced
20,000
cars.
到去年年末为止，我们已经生产了20,000辆汽车。
The
train
(had)
left
before
we
reached
the
station.
(had可省)
我们到达车站前，火车已经开走了。
By
1914
Einstein
had
gained
world
fame.
1914年前，爱因斯坦就已经世界闻名了。
She
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
she
had
finished
the
homework.
她完成了作业才上床睡觉。
注意：before和after因为有明确的“前、后”之意，有时也可以用一般过去时表示过去的过去。
过去将来时　
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即：过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,
常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是：要有表示过去的“动作”，而不是时间。
The
students
said
they
would
go
to
visit
the
Great
Wall
the
next
day.
I
was
about
to
go
out
when
the
telephone
rang.
用法：
一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态：
If
I
had
a
chance
to
study
abroad,
I
would
study
at
Cambridge
University.
如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。
其他表达法：
1.
was/were
going
to
+
动词原形：
He
said
that
he
was
going
to
live
in
the
country
when
he
retired.
他说他退休后要住在农村。
2.
was/were
+
动词-ing形式：
Nobody
knew
whether
the
guests
were
coming.
没人知道客人们是否要来。
3.
was/were
+
动词不定式：
She
said
she
was
to
clean
the
classroom
after
school.
她说她放学后要打扫教室。
注意：
1.
“was/were
going
to
+
动词原形"或"was/were
+动词不定式完成式”可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。
Last
Sunday
we
were
going
to
visit
the
Great
Wall,
but
it
rained.
上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。
2.
“was/were
about
to
do”表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。
I
felt
something
terrible
was
about
to
happen.
我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。
3.
was/were
on
the
point
of
doing　
I’m
glad
you
have
come.
I
was
on
the
point
of
calling
you,
but
you've
saved
me
the
trouble
now.
很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话，现在你省去我这个麻烦了。
4.
“be
about
to
do”和“be
on
the
point
of
doing”结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用，但后面可以接when引导的分句。
I
was
about
to
start
when
it
suddenly
began
to
rain.
我正要动身天突然下雨了。
5.
过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。不管什么人称，一律用would。
This
door
wouldn’t
open.
这扇门老是打不开。
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
1.
过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。
He
was
writing
his
composition
last
night.
他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)
He
wrote
his
composition
last
night.
他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)
2.
表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be,
like,
love,
hate,
fear,
own,
hear,
see,
know,
want,
notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。
I
hated
it
when
a
man
spoke
with
his
mouth
full
of
food.
我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。
3.
一般过去时与always,
constantly,
forever,
continually等连用,表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”；而过去进行时与always,
constantly,
forever,
continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情的色彩。
He
always
got
up
at
six.
他过去总是六点起床。
He
was
always
thinking
of
his
work.
他总是一心想到工作。
4.
有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。如:
I
thought
that
he
would
agree
with
us.
我原以为他会同意我们的。
I
was
thinking
of
persuading
him
to
follow
my
advice.
我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议
做题技巧
时态是高考考查最多的语法项目之一，考查点多在于根据语境，选择正确的时态填空，所以做题的关键在于在正确理解各种时态的特征的基础下，吃透语境，摸准句子的真实意义，选出正确答案。
确定时态的要点：
1.
以说话时的时间点为参照点
1）发生在此前的动作或存在的状态,就用过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来
时,过去完成时等)；
2）发生在此时，就用现在时(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时等)；
3）发生在之后的,就用将来时(一般将来时,将来进行时，将来完成时等)。
2.
注意句中其他动词的时态，以及修饰动词的状语信息，如果过去完成时应有过去某一时间作为基点。
3.
注意用虚拟语气的句子的时态，除虚拟语气的形式外，有时也考查根据虚拟语气来判断表示事实的句子的时态。Module
6
The
Internet
and
Telecommunications
重点单词
1.contain
vt.　　包含；包括
2.design
vt.
设计
3.pass
vt.
超过
4.average
adj.
平均的
5.shorten
vt.
缩短
重点短语
consist
of,
come
up
with，compare
with,
as
well,
be
expected
to
重点句型
it作形式宾语
知识解析
重点短语
consist
of
【原句回放】It
consists
of
millions
of
pages
of
data.
它由数百万数据资料组成。
【点拨】consist
of为及物动词，意为“由……组成/构成”，相当于be
made
up
of，但不用于被动语态。
consist
in?＝lie
in
主要在于
Life
consists
of
not
only
sunshine
but
also
hard
times.
生活中不仅有阳光，还有艰难困苦的时候。
Life
mainly
consists
of
happiness
and
sorrow
while
happiness
and
sorrow
consist
in
struggle.
生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。
consist
with
与……一致；相符
Theory
should
consist
with
practice.
理论应与实践相一致。
come
up
with
【原句回放】He
came
up
with
the
idea
of
the
World
Wide
Web
in
1989
while
he
was
working
in
Switzerland.
1989年，他在瑞士工作的时候，提出了创建万维网的想法。
【点拨】come
up
with
提出，想出；赶上
Is
that
the
best
excuse
you
can
come
up
with?
那是你能想出的最好的借口吗？
I
hope
you
can
come
up
with
a
better
plan
than
this.
我希望你能提出比这个更好的计划。
We
are
making
our
efforts
to
come
up
with
advanced
level.
我们正在努力赶上先进水平。
【拓展】表示“想出”的相关表达有：
think
of
想出；hit
an
idea
想出；think
out
想出
He
thought
of
a
reason
to
explain
away
his
failure.
他想出一个理由为他的失败辩解。
Tony
hit
on
an
idea
of
sending
his
father
a
special
present.
托尼想出一个主意，送给他爸爸一件特别的礼物。
Let’s
get
together
and
see
if
you
can
think
out
a
scheme.
咱们碰头看看能否想出个计划。
compare
with
【原句回放】Two
percent
of
the
total
population
of
China
have
access
to
the
Internet,
compared
with
45
percent
in
the
USA
and
15
percent
in
Japan.
2%的中国人口使用因特网，相比之下，在美国和日本，这个比例是45%和15%。
【点拨】compare
with...
和……相比；可与……相比/匹敌
If
you
compare
your
PC
with
mine,
you
will
know
yours
is
better.
如果把你的电脑和我的比较一下，你就会知道你的电脑较好。
Compared
with
them,
we
still
have
a
long
way
to
go.
和他们相比，我们还有很长的路要走。
When
comparing
my
shop
with
yours,
I
know
how
to
run
it.
和你的商店一比较，我就知道如何经营了。
【拓展】compare...to
比作……；比喻为……
He
compares
books
to
silent
friends.
他把书比作不说话的朋友。
beyond
compare
无与伦比
She
was
a
storyteller
beyond
compare.
她是个无与伦比的讲故事高手。
comparison
n.
比较，对照
Living
in
the
country
is
cheap
in
comparison
with
the
big
cities.
与大都市相比，在乡下生活较便宜。
as
well
【原句回放】It
then
became
possible
for
universities
to
use
the
system
as
well.
然后它使各大学也能使用这种交流系统。
【点拨】as
well
也，还，相当于too,
通常置于句末，
用于肯定句中。
I’m
coming
to
London
and
my
sister’s
coming
as
well.
我要来伦敦，我妹妹也会来。
as
well
as作“而且，
还有”讲时，用来连接并列的成分。当连接主语时，谓语动词应和前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。类似用法的还有：together
with,
with,
along
with,
rather
than等。
E?mail,
as
well
as
telephones,
is
playing
an
important
part
in
daily
communication.
和电话一样，电子邮件在日常通信中也起着重要的作用。
be
expected
to,
be
supposed
to,
be
due
to
【点拨】be
expected
to意为“有望，可能会”，表示期待马上到来的动作；be
supposed
to意为“本应该，按理应该”，表示事实上应该发生的动作；be
due
to表示“预期，可能”，表示事前计划的事情的发生。
They
are
expected
to
come
on
time.
期待他们按时到达。
Their
flight
is
due
to
take
off
at
10:
30.
他们的航班预期在十点半起飞。
You
are
supposed
to
return
before
8.
你应该在八点前回来。
重点句型
it作形式宾语
【原句回放】Berners-Lee
made
it
possible
for
everyone
to
use
the
Internet,
not
just
universities
and
the
army.
贝尔纳斯·李使每个人都可能用上网络，而不仅仅是大学和军队使用。
【点拨】上句中，it作形式宾语，不定式短语或从句作真正的宾语。
1.
主语＋谓语＋it＋adj.
＋(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
2.
主语＋谓语＋it＋n.
＋to
do
sth.
3.
主语＋谓语＋it＋adj./n.
＋that从句
I
don’t
think
it
possible
to
master
a
foreign
language
without
much
work.
我认为要想精通外语不付出艰苦的劳动是不可能的。
He
makes
it
a
habit
to
visit
his
first
teacher
every
year.
他每年都去看望他的启蒙老师，
这成了一个习惯。
He
made
it
clear
that
he
would
resign.
他明确表示他要辞职。
定冠词和零冠词
概念引入
冠词是一种虚词，本身不能独立使用，只能置于名词之前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物及该名词的含义。这个概念在汉语中没有，只在英语中存在。在各类考试中，主要涉及定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的选择。冠词的用法有一定规律，但是习惯用法也众多。
用法讲解
冠词的分类
冠词分为定冠词(the)及不定冠词(a,
an)两类。
1.定冠词(the)
定冠词the表示“这，那，这些，那些”之意，用于可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前。
the
apple
这(那)个苹果
the
books
这些(那些)书
the
red
one
红色的那个
the
bigger
one
那个更大的
2.不定冠词(a,
an)
不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前，表示“一”的概念，但不强调数目，只表示该名词不是“特定者”；a(an)表示“一”的意义时，不如one的数字概念强。
a
pen
一支钢笔
an
egg
一个鸡蛋
a
student
一个学生
an
apple
一个苹果
3.
许多情况下名词前不用冠词，通常称为零冠词。
定冠词the的用法
1.
指代上文已提到过的人或事物。
He
has
a
new
pen.
The
pen
was
bought
in
America.
他有一枝新钢笔。这枝钢笔是在美国买的。
Once
there
lived
a
lion
in
the
forest.
Every
day
the
lion
asked
small
animals
to
look
for
food
for
him.
从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。
I
saw
a
film
last
night.
The
film
is
very
interesting.
昨天晚上我看了一部电影。这部电影非常有趣。
2.
特指谈话双方都熟悉的某(些)人或某(些)事物。
The
bag
on
the
desk
isn't
mine.
桌子上的那个书包不是我的。
This
is
the
house
where
Luxun
once
lived.
这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
3.
用在世界上独一无二的事物前。
The
moon
is
the
satellite
of
the
earth.
月球是地球的卫星。
The
world
is
changing
all
the
time.
世界无时无刻不在变化着。
The
sun
is
far
away
from
the
earth.
太阳离地球很远。
4.
用在序数词，形容词的最高级前及由only修饰的名词前。
January
is
the
first
month
of
the
year.
一月份是一年当中的第一个月。
He
is
always
the
first
to
come
and
the
last
to
leave.
他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
She
is
the
only
person
who
was
late
today.
她是今天惟一的迟到者。
5.
用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the
West
Lake
西湖
the
Great
Wall
长城
the
United
States
美国
the
United
Nations
联合国
the
Summer
Palace
颐和园
the
Olympic
Games
奥林匹克运动会
6.
用在江河，湖泊，海洋，山脉，群岛等的名词前。
the
Yellow
River
黄河
the
Black
Sea
黑海
the
West
Lake
西湖
the
Himalayas
喜马拉雅山
the
Tianshan
Mountains
天山山脉
the
Indian
Ocean印度洋
7.
用在姓氏复数前，表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇”。
the
Greens
格林一家人(格林夫妇)
the
Wangs
王家(姓王的夫妇)
the
Kings
金一家人(金夫妇)
The
Whites
do
their
cooking
at
home
only
at
the
weekend.
怀特夫妇仅在周末才在家做饭。
8.
the后加某些形容词，表示一类人或事物。
the
old
老人
the
young
年轻人
the
rich
富人
the
poor
穷人
the
clever
聪明人
the
blind
盲人
9.
用在乐器前面。
play
the
piano
弹钢琴
play
the
violin
拉小提琴
10.
用在“the+形容词比较级，the+形容词比较级”结构中，表示“越……越……”。
The
more
exercise
you
take,
the
healthier
you
will
be.
你锻炼得越多，身体就越健康。
The
more
we
get
together,
the
happier
we
are.
我们相处得越多，就越觉得快乐。
11.
当名词被短语或从句修饰时，该名词前用冠词。
The
man
under
the
tree
is
my
grandfather.
在树下的那个人是我的爷爷。
The
one
on
the
left
is
a
new
kind
of
machine.
左边的那台是一种新型机器。
The
girl
in
white
is
Mary.
那个穿白色衣服的女孩是玛丽。
12.不可数名词（物质和抽象名词）一般不加冠词，但是如果它们和具体的人或者物联系起来，也就是说用来表达具体概念，表示“一阵，一场，一份，一种，一个”之类的意思的时候，要加不定冠词。
He
has
caught
in
a
heavy
rain.
他碰上了一阵大雨。
I’d
like
a
coffee.
我要一份咖啡。
13.
用于表示地点、方位，具体的时间或某天的一部分等。
in
the
east
在东方
in
the
west
在西方
in
the
front
在前面
at
the
back
在后面
in
the
bottom
在底部
at
the
top
在顶部
on
the
right
在右边
on
the
left
在左边
14.
用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或物。
The
tree
is
a
kind
of
plant.
树是一种植物。
The
camel
is
a
useful
animal.
骆驼是一种有用的动物。
The
computer
is
an
interesting
tool.
电脑是一种有趣的工具。
14.
by
the
+单位名词结构中，the
不能省，如by
the
day/
week/
hour/
month/
foot/
gallon/
yard/
pound/
dozen等。
We
are
paid
by
the
week.
我们是按周计酬的。
Meat
is
sold
by
the
pound.
肉是论磅卖的。
15.
the常用于一些固定搭配中。
in
the
morning
在早上(上午)
in
the
early
morning
一大早
in
the
evening
在晚上
in
the
beginning
在开头(端)
in
the
afternoon
在下午
by
the
way
顺便问一下
in
the
end
最后，终于
the
next
day
第二天
at
the
end
of
在……末尾
the
day
after
tomorrow
后天
at
the
age
of
在……岁的时候
in
the
front
of
在……(内部)的前面
the
day
before
yesterday
前天
on
the
right(left)在右(左)边
不定冠词a(an)的用法
1.表示某一类人或事物中的个体，要在名词前加a(an)。
Your
mother
is
a
nurse.
你妈妈是一名护士。
Please
pass
me
a
chair.
请递给我一把椅子。
A
child
needs
love
in
his
early
life.
一个孩子在年幼时需要关爱。
2.
用来指某人或某物。但不具体说明是谁或是什么时，名词前要加a(an)。
A
visitor
called
me
up
just
now.
一位游客刚才给我打了个电话。
He
borrowed
a
dictionary
yesterday.
他昨天借了一本词典。
3.
用来表示“一”的概念，但不如one的数字概念强。
The
cage
is
about
a
meter
high,
a
meter
wide.
这个笼子有约一米高，一米宽。
Here
is
a
present
for
you.
这有给你的一件礼物。
4.
表示单位，数量，长度等。
I
write
to
my
pen-friend
once
a
month.
我每月给我的笔友写一封信。
Take
this
medicine
three
times
a
day.
这药一天吃三次。
My
uncle
gave
me
a
thousand
pounds
last
time.
上次我叔叔给了我1000英镑。
5.
用在专有名词前，表示说话者不知道的人或事物。
A
Mr.
Black
rang
you
up
just
now.
一个名叫布莱克的先生刚才给你打过电话。
A
Miss
Chen
borrowed
money
from
me.
一位姓陈的女士借过我的钱。
6.
月份，星期及morning,
afternoon,
evening,
night等名词前有修饰语时，一律用a(an)。
on
a
cold
morning在一个寒冷的早上
in
a
sunny
Sunday
在一个晴朗的星期天
in
a
hot
month
在一个很热的月份
on
a
terrible
night
在一个可怕的夜晚
7.
与表示职业，身份等的名词连用，一般不翻译。
The
boy
wants
to
be
an
engineer
when
he
grows
up.
这个男孩长大后想当工程师。
Is
your
grandfather
interested
in
a
foreign
language?
你爷爷对外语感兴趣吗
8.
用在such
a(an)…,
quite
a(an)…,
many
a(an)…,
rather
a(an)…与“so+形容词+a(an)+单数名词”的结构中。
It
is
such
a
tall
tree.
这棵树这么高。
Many
a
man
comes
to
work
on
the
farm.
许多人来这家农场劳动。
She
is
rather
a
painter.
她真是个画家。
9.
用于what引导的感叹句中。
What
a
cold
day
it
was
yesterday!
昨天真是一个大冷天!
What
a
difficult
problem!
多难的题啊!
10.
用于某些固定搭配中。
a
few
一些，少数几个
a
bit
一点儿
a
lot
(of)
许多，大量
a
little
一点儿
a
piece
of
一片/块
have
a
cold
患感冒
have
a
meal
吃顿饭
have
a
rest
休息一下
have
a
swim
游泳
have
a
walk
散步
have
a
good
time
过得愉快;玩得高兴
零冠词
1.
在专有名词前不用冠词。
China
中国
John
约翰
Australia
澳大利亚
No.1
Middle
School
第一中学
National
Day国庆节
2.
名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。
The
radio
is
on
her
desk.
收音机在她的书桌上。
Are
there
any
birds
in
that
tree?
那棵树上有鸟吗？
3.
复数名词表示一类人或事物时，名词前不用冠词。
My
uncle
and
aunt
are
both
doctors.
我的叔叔和婶婶都是医生。
Horses
are
useful
animals.
马是有用的动物。
4.
在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前不加冠词。
Mr.
Green
格林先生
Dr
Smith史密斯博士
5.
在季节、月份、星期前不用冠词。
It’s
very
hot
in
summer.
夏季天气很热。
This
kind
of
flowers
comes
out
in
February.
这种花在二月份开放。
We
usually
have
class
meetings
on
Wednesday.
我们通常在周三开班会。
6.
在一日三餐、学科、球类、棋牌类名词前不用冠词。
We
have
Chinese,
maths,
English,
and
other
subjects
at
school.
我们在学校学习语文，数学，英语和其他课程。
I
have
lunch
at
a
quarter
to
twelve
every
day.
我每天11:45吃午饭。
7.
在表示交通方式的介词短语中，不用冠词。
Do
you
usually
come
to
Guangzhou
by
plane
or
by
train?
你通常乘飞机还是乘火车来广州？
We
are
going
to
the
zoo
on
foot
tomorrow.
我们打算明天步行去动物园。
8.
当抽象名词或物质名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。
The
girl
enjoys
music
very
much.
这个女孩非常热爱音乐。
Milk
is
necessary
for
children.
牛奶是儿童所必需的(食品)。
9.
两个相同或相对的名词并用时，不用冠词。
father
and
son
父与子
hand
in
hand
手拉手
day
and
night
日夜
face
to
face
面对面
sun
and
moon
日月
side
by
side
并排
10.
在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。
go
to
work
去上班
go
to
school
去上学
on
time
按时;准时
at
home
在家
go
to
college上大学
go
to
church去做礼拜
in
bed
在睡觉；卧病在床
in
front
of
在……前面
at
table
进餐
in
future
今后
on
earth
究竟
in
hospital
住院
习惯用语中使用冠词和不使用冠词的区别
in
front
of
在……的前面(外部)
in
the
front
of在……的前面(内部)
in
future
(从今以后的)将来
in
the
future
(较为遥远的)将来
in
bed
在睡觉;卧病在床
in
the
bed
在床上
go
to
church
去做礼拜
go
to
the
church
去教堂
在一些短语中，有无冠词并无区别。
at
least(at
the
least)
至少
at
most(at
the
most)至多
turn
to
right(turn
to
the
right)向右拐
in
face
of(in
the
face
of)面对
on
one
hand
(on
the
one
hand)…on
the
other
hand
一方面……另一方面
冠词的一些特殊用法
1.
当句中的表语是单数可数名词，说话人为了强调而将这个表语名词提前时，这个名词前面不加冠词。
Mary
is
patient
with
her
students
and
likes
to
communicate
with
them.
Great
teacher
she
is.
玛丽对学生有耐心，喜欢和他们交流。她是一位伟大的老师。
2.
as引导的让步状语从句可以将表语位于句首倒装。如果该从句的表语是单数可数名词，用倒装结构将其置于句首时，该名词前不用冠词。
Poor
man
as
he
is,
he
is
honest.
他虽然穷，但诚实。
3.
职位或者头衔名词作表语表示“独一无二的职务或者是正职”时，前面不用冠词。注意：也可以用不定冠词，但是意义不一样（表示“其中之一”的意思，不再表示“唯一”性）。
He
is
headmaster
of
the
school.
他是这个学校的校长。
比较：He
is
a
headmaster
of
the
school.
他是那个学校的一个校长（该校正副校长中的一个）。
4.
作表语的单数可数名词后面有enough修饰时，该名词已经被抽象化，具有形容词的性质，用来说明“某种程度”，此时该名词前也不用冠词。
He
is
fool
enough
to
believe
her.
他真是傻得可以，竟然相信她的话。
5.
在“more
A
than
B”结构中，A
和B是单数可数名词时，也不用冠词，表示“与其说是B倒不如说是A”。
Although
he
has
to
sell
his
paintings
to
make
money,
he
is
more
artist
than
businessman.
尽管他不得不通过卖他的画作赚钱，但是他是一个艺术家，而不是商人。
6.
当turn和go当系动词使用，意为“变成”，后面的表语是单数可数名词时，前面不加不定冠词，但是，当这个名词前有形容词修饰时，则需要加不定冠词。
She
turned
writer
in
her
forties.
在她四十多岁的时候，她成了一位作家。
比较：She
turned
a
famous
writer
in
her
forties.
7.
在某些作伴随状语的独立结构中，名词前一般不加冠词。
The
policeman
entered
the
room,
gun
in
hand.
8.
序数词在一些固定短语中不用定冠词。
first
cousin
亲表兄弟
second
to
none
不亚于任何人/
物
second
only
to
sb.
/sth
仅次于某人或者某物
at
first
sight/glance
乍看之下
on
second
thoughts
经再三考虑之后
first
prize
一等奖
from
first
to
last
始终，一贯
first
things
first
重要的事情先做
first-hand
information
一手的信息
from
east
to
west
从东到西
north
by
east/west
北偏东（西）
形容词比较级前需要the的情况
1.
the
比较级
of
the
two
两个中较……的一个
2.
the+比较级...,
the
+比较级...
越……，就越……
3.
all
the
better
那倒更好了
4.
so
much
the
better/worse
就更好/
更糟糕
形容词最高级不用定冠词的特殊情况
1.
有时形容词最高级用来加强语气，表示“非常，极其”之意时，一般不用定冠词；不过当其修饰单数可数名词时，需要加不定冠词。
She
is
still
in
closest
touch
with
us.
她仍然和我们联系非常密切。
It
is
a
most
(=very)
touching
story.
这是一个很感人的故事。
2.
作表语的最高级只用于同本身比较，不是和别人比较，此时句中没有表示范围的介词短语，前面不用定冠词。
Vegetables
are
best
when
they
are
fresh.
蔬菜新鲜的时候最好。
3.
在as引导的让步状语从句的倒装结构中，如果表语是最高级，前面不用定冠词。
Youngest
as
he
is,
he
is
the
wisest.
他最年轻，但他最明智。巩固练习
一、根据括号内的要求，写出单词的正确形式。?
1.
attract
(形容词)
　　　　
　
2.
fortunate
(副词)
　　　　
?
3.
pretty
(同义副词)
　　　　
4.
organize
(名词)
　　　　
5.
unemploy
(形容词)
　　　　
6.
fascinate
(形容词)
　　　　
7.
profession
(形容词)
　　　　
8.
occupy
(名词)
　　　　
9.
starvation
(动词)
　　　
10.nuisance
(反义词)
　　　　??
二、根据括号内所给的中文提示完成句子。?
1.
Only
a
few
people
　　　　
(幸存)
in
that
terrible
accident.?
2.
When
we
go
abroad，we
have
to
　　　　
(兑换)
Renminbi
for
foreign
currencies.?
3.
When
I
climbed
up
the
Great
Wall，I
found
a
great
many
foreign
　　　　
(游客).?
4.
For
further
details，please
　　　　
(联系)
the
local
office.?
5.
Although
he
has
never
got
a
chance
to
study
in
a
professional
school，he
is
valued
a
lot
for
his
perfect
　　　　
(手工)
skills.?
6.
According
to
a
recent
　　　　
(调查)，there
will
be
far
more
boys
than
girls
in
twenty
years.
7.
There
are
more
than
one
hundred
　　　　
(人家)
in
this
small
village.?
8.
Don't
(打扰)me.
I’m
busy
now.?
三、单项选择
1.
Working
abroad
is
very
________
nowadays
to
many
young
people.
A.
gorgeous
B.
disappointing
C.
attractive
D.
fortunate
2.
_______,
people
are
beginning
to
realize
how
serious
the
situation
is.
A.
Fortunate　
B.
Fortunately
C.
Being
fortunate
D.
Being
fortunately
3.
—Do
you
want
me
to
wait
for
you?
—No,
don’t
________.
A.
bother
B.
trouble
C.
disturb
D.
interrupt
4.
At
the
meeting
they
discussed
three
different
to
the
study
of
mathematics.
A.
approaches
B.
means
C.
methods
D.
ways
5.
The
hotel
wanted
to
charge
$150
for
the
room
service,
but
we
couldn’t
to
live
in
such
an
expensive
hotel.
A.
pay
B.
afford
C.
charge
D.
pay
for
6.
We
contact
with
each
other
for
years.
And
last
week
we
contact
again.
A.
lost;
made
B.
have
been
out
of;
got
into
C.
had
been
out
of;
made
D.
came;
kept
7.
A
notice
was
________in
order
to
remind
the
students
of
the
changed
lecture
time.
A.
sent
up　　
B.
given
up
C.
set
up
D.
put
up
8.
In
Disneyland,
some
800,000
plants
are
replaced
every
year
because
Disneyland
refused
to
_________
signs
asking
its
“guest”
not
to
step
on
them.
A.
make
up
B.
put
up
C.
take
up
D.
set
up
9.
The
necklace
I
80
dollars
is
made
of
glass.
And
I
have
not
paid
the
money
I
borrowed
from
Tom.
A.
paid
for;
off
B.
spent
on;
back
C.
cost;
off
D.
bought
for;
back
10.
So
far
this
year
we
________
a
fall
in
house
prices
by
between
5
and
10
percent.
A.
saw　
B.
see
C.
had
seen
D.
have
seen
11.
—I
offered
two
yuan
to
________
for
your
seat.
Would
you
take
it?
—All
right.
A.
change
B.
exchange
C.
give
D.
sit
12.
Nowadays,
a
large
number
of
women,
especially
those
from
the
countryside,
________
in
the
clothing
industry.
A.
is
working　
B.
works
C.
work
D.
worked
13.
As
you
can
see,
the
number
of
cars
on
our
roads
________
rising
these
days.
A.
was
keeping
B.
keep
C.
keeps
D.
were
keeping
14.
This
is
the
first
time
that
these
Europeans
the
Great
Wall.
A.
visited
B.
had
visited
C.
shall
visit
D.
have
visited
15.
This
is
the
first
time
we
a
film
in
the
cinema
together
as
a
family.
A.
see
B.
had
seen
C.
saw
D.
have
seen
16.
—Have
you
known
Dr.
Jackson
for
a
long
time?
—Yes,
since
she
the
Chinese
Society.
A.
has
joined
B.
joins
C.
had
joined
D.
joined
四、翻译句子
1.他父亲戒烟四年了。（It
be...since）
__________________________________________________________________________
2.许多人为摆脱城市里的噪音而想在农村生活。（get
away
from）
__________________________________________________________________________
3.使大家吃惊的是，他在如此严重的事故中幸免于难。（survive）
__________________________________________________________________________
4.你最近和他有联系吗？（contact）
__________________________________________________________________________
5.
自从我们在学校认识之后，我们就一直是好朋友。__________________________________________________________________________
6.
我很幸运有一位好老师。
__________________________________________________________________________
7.
这是我第二次爬长城了。
__________________________________________________________________________
8.
这是我看过的最好的电视连续剧。
__________________________________________________________________________
9.
她在她昨天坐过的地方找到了她的钱包。
__________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析
一、根据括号内的要求，写出单词的正确形式。?
1.
attractive　
2.
fortunately　
3.
quite　
4.
organization　
5.
unemployed
6.
fascinating
?
7.
professional　
8.
occupation　9.
starve　
10.
favourite?
二、根据括号内所给的中文提示完成句子。
1.survived；根据句意可判断survived是发生在过去的动作。?
2.exchange；have
to后接动词原形。?
3.tourists；“游客”由many修饰所以用复数形式s。?
4.contact；祈使句中的谓语要用动词原形。?
5.manual；manual修饰skills作定语。?
6.survey；前有冠词a因此用单数形式。?
7.households；前有one
hundred修饰，因此用复数形式。?
8.bother；Don't开头构成否定祈使句，故谓语用动词原形。?
三、单项选择
1.
C。句意：现在到国外工作对许多年轻人来说很有吸引力。
2.
B。句意：幸运的是，人们正开始意识到形势的严峻性。副词fortunately作状语，修饰整个句子，相当于It
is
fortunate
that...。
3.
A。句意：—你想让我等你吗？—不，你不必了。don’t
bother在这里相当于don’t
bother
to
wait
for
me，意思是“不用费心等我了”。trouble作动词，意思是给某人添麻烦；disturb打扰，扰乱；interrupt打断，中断。
4.
A。approach
to...
(与to连用)干……的方法。B、C两项与of连用。the
way
to
do/of
doing
sth.做某事的方法。
5.
B。afford
to
do
sth.负担得起，支付得起。
6.
B。be
out
of
contract
with和某人失去联系；get
into
contact
with
sb.和某人取得联系。
7.
D。send
up使上升；give
up放弃；set
up竖立，创立；put
up挂起，张贴。句意：为了提醒学生们演讲的新时间，一则通知被张贴出来。
8.
B。put
up
signs竖立标志牌。
9.
D。I
bought
80
dollars是定语从句。buy
sth.
for
some
money买某物花多少钱。
10.
D。题意：今年以来，房价已经降了5%～10%。so
far意为“到目前为止”，一般用于现在完成时。
11.
B。exchange意为“交换”。exchange
for
sth.“为了某物而交换”。
12.
C。句意：现在许多妇女，特别是来自农村的，在服装行业工作。由nowadays(如今，现在)可以得出应该用现在时，又因为主语是复数，所以A、B两项不对。
13.
C。句意：正如你所看到的，这些天路上汽车的数量越来越多。本句的主语是the
number
of...，故谓语动词用单数形式；these
days指现在的情况，故用一般现在时。
14.
D。考查句式This/It
is
the
first
time+从句，从句中用现在完成时态。
15.
D。在This/It
is
the
first/second
...time
that从句中，that从句谓语动词用现在完成时态。句意为：这是第一次我们全家人一起到电影院看电影。
16.
D。考查主句用现在完成时，since引导的从句用一般过去时这一结构。
四、翻译句子
1.
It
is
four
years
since
his
father
smoked.
2.
Many
people
want
to
live
in
the
countryside
in
order
to
get
away
from
the
noise
in
the
city.
3.
To
everyone’s
surprise,
he
survived
such
a
terrible
accident.
4.
Have
you
been
in
contact
with
him
recently?
5.
We’ve
been
friends
ever
since
we
met
at
school.
6.
I
am
fortunate
(in)
having
a
good
teacher.
7.
It’s
the
second
time
that
I
have
climbed
the
Great
Wall.
8.
This
is
the
best
TV
series
(that)
I
have
ever
seen.
9.
She
found
her
purse
where
she
sat
yesterday.巩固练习
一、用所给的短语完成句子
add...to　in
the
area
of　be
proud
of　be
interested
in　react
with
be
supposed
to　at
the
bottom
of　keep
out
of　used
to
1.
Many
great
discoveries
have
been
made
science.
2.
We
all
the
Chinese
athletes’
success
during
the
28th
Olympic
Games.
3.
Mr.
Smith
smoke
but
he
has
given
it
up.
4.
Please
some
sugar
the
tea.
5.
Iron
water
and
air
to
produce
rust.
6.
There
are
some
underwater
plants
the
tube.
7.
You
clean
the
blackboard
and
the
classroom
today.
8.
I
very
English.
9.
the
dog
the
room.
Don’t
let
it
in.
二、翻译中文部分完成句子
1.The
soup
is
a
little
fresh,
so
you’d
better
　　　　　　　　
(加点盐).
2.
Madam
Curie
made
a
great
contribution
　　　　　　
(在科学领域).
3.
Iron
does
not
rust
　　　　　　　(在没有空气的水里).
4.
　　　　
　　(他有什么反应)the
experimental
equipment
you
offered?
5.
He
is
an
excellent
chemistry
teacher,
so
　　　　　
　
(能成为他的学生我很骄傲).
6.
When
we
put
salt
and
sugar
into
water,
they
easily
(溶解)in
it.
7.
Our
school
is
　　　　　　　　　(他们学校的两倍大).
三、单项选择
1.You
should
read
the
carefully
before
you
sign
it.
A.
contrast
B.
contact
C.
contract
D.
conflict
2.
The
bird
________
its
wings
and
flew
away.
A.
expanded
B.
expands
C.
is
expanding
D.
has
expanded
3.
If
you
want
to
buy
________,
it
will
take
the
school
a
lot
of
money.
A.
such
good
equipment
B.
such
good
equipments
C.
so
good
equipment
D.
so
good
equipments
4.
The
________,
I
think,
he
drew
from
his
simple
experiment
is
not
scientific.
A.
attention
B.
conclusion
C.
promise
D.
relation
5.
Letter
boxes
are
much
more
in
the
UK
than
in
the
US,
where
most
people
have
a
mailbox
instead.
A.
common
B.
normal
C.
ordinary
D.
usual
6.
The
woods
and
the
river
through
the
campus
________
the
beauty
of
this
world-known
university.
A.
add
up
B.
add
to
C.
are
added
up
D.
are
added
to
7.
Everyone
fails
now
and
then.
It’s
how
you
______that
makes
a
difference
in
life.
A.
do
B.
react
C.
act
D.
forget
8.
McGrady
scored
23
points
and
David
Wesley______19,
including
several
key
free
throws
late,
as
Houston
won
its
third
game.
A.
added
B.
adding
up
C.
added
to
D.
adding
up
to
9.
She
is
shy.
She
is
not
used
to
______in
front
of
others.
A.
praise
B.
praising
C.
being
praised
D.
be
praised
10.
Frampton
was
______
to
be
?going?
through
a
cure
for
his
disease,
but
now
he
doubted
whether
this
visit
to
the
village
would
help.
A.
ready
B.
supposed
C.
sure
D.
worried
11.
The
news
______
us
so
much
that
all
of
us
were
______
at
it.
A.
astonished;
astonished
B.
astonishing;
astonishing
C.
astonished;
astonishing
D.
astonishing;
astonished
12.
About
60
percent
of
the
students
______
from
the
south,
the
rest
of
them
______
from
the
north
and
foreign
countries.
A.
are;
is
B.
are;
are
C.
is;
are
D.
are;
are
四、完形填空
Do
some
animals
have
certain
mental
powers
which
human
beings
do
not?
Of
course
they
have
instincts(本能),
but
__1__
this,
I
am
sure
that
they
can
feel
__2__
things
which
we
humans
cannot.
A
personal
experience
__3__
this
to
me.
Some
years
ago,
I
had
a
dog
named
Howard.
From
the
time
that
he
was
a
baby
dog,
he
was
timid,
so
we
named
him
“Howard”
to
_4__
with
“coward”(胆小鬼)
!
He
was
especially
afraid
of
__5__.
At
the
first
hint
of
them,
he
would
run
crying
into
the
house
and
hide
under
a
table.
What
a
hero!
I
often
went
for
walks
with
Howard.
__6__，as
we
were
walking
along
a
road,
it
began
to
rain.
I
quickly
ran
to
a
bus
stop
for
_7__.
The
bus
stop
had
a
roof
supported
by
metal
poles.
Soon
after
I
had
got
there,
Howard
caught
my
__8__
in
his
teeth
and
tried
to
pull
me
away.
__9__,
I
was
puzzled
and
a
little
angry
at
his
10
.
However,
I
decided
to
humour
him
and
walked
away
from
the
shelter
into
the
rain
and
__11__
for
home.
__12_
I
was
about
two
hundred
metres
away
from
the
shelter,
there
came
a
blinding
flash
of
lightning
and
__13__,
there
was
a
crash
of
thunder
which
nearly
_14__
me.
Howard
stopped
walking
and
began
crying.
Knowing
that
he
was
afraid,
I
__15__
to
pick
him
up.
As
I
straightened
up,
I
__16__
the
bus
shelter
which
we
had
just
left.
I
was
shocked
to
see
that
two
of
the
_17__
were
bent
and
the
roof
was
lying
on
the
ground,
__18__.The
shelter
had
been
struck
by
the
lightning.
I
gave
Howard
a
big
hug
to
express
my
heartfelt
__19__.
He
had
just
saved
my
life.
He
was
truly
my
_20__!
1.
A.
for
B.
besides
C.
with
D.
except
2.
A.
certain
B.
few
C.
several
D.
great
3.
A.
expressed
B.
conveyed
C.
proved
D.
applied
4.
A.
rhyme
B.
meet
C.
fight
D.
compete
5.
A.
people
B.
buses
C.
cats
D.
thunderstorms
6.
A.
However
B.
Once
C.
Unfortunately
D.
Suddenly
7.
A.
peace
B.
relief
C.
shelter
D.
comfort
8.
A.
collar
B.
sleeve
C.
hat
D.
trousers
9.
A.
At
first
B.
At
last
C.
At
once
D.
At
present
10.
A.
teeth
B.
behaviour
C.
courage
D.
idea[来源:Zxxk.Com]
11.
A.
looked
B.
dreamt
C.
headed
D.
asked
12.
A.
Because
B.
Since
C.
When
D.
Before
13.
A.
long
after
B.
minutes
later
C.
at
the
same
time
D.
soon
after
14.
A.
deafened
B.
struck
C.
killed
D.
defeated
15.
A.
went
B.
bent
C.
rushed
D.
turned
16.
A.
glared
at
B.
stared
at
C.
glanced
at
D.
aimed
at
17.
A.
buses
B.
trees
C.
walls
D.
poles
18.
A.
broken
B.
unharmed
C.
dangerous
D.
dead
19.
A.
happiness
B.
thanks
C.
luck
D.
wish
20.
A.
dog
B.
son
C.
hero
D.
friend
五、阅读理解
For
years
I
wanted
a
flower
garden.
I’d
spend
hours
thinking
of
different
things
I
could
plant
that
would
look
nice
together.
But
then
we
had
Matthew.
And
Marvin.
And
the
twins,
Alisa
and
Alan.
And
then
Helen.
Five
children.
I
was
too
busy
raising
them
to
grow
a
garden.
Money
was
tight,
as
well
as
time.
Often
when
my
children
were
little,
one
of
them
would
want
something
that
cost
too
much,
and
I’d
have
to
say,
“Do
you
see
a
money
tree
outside？Money
doesn't
grow
on
trees,
you
know.”
Finally,
all
five
got
through
high
school
and
college
and
were
off
on
their
own.
I
started
thinking
again
about
having
a
garden.
I
wasn’t
sure,
though.
I
mean,
gardens
do
cost
money,
and
after
all
these
years
I
was
used
to
living
on
a
pretty
lean,
no-frills
budget.
Then,
one
spring
morning,
on
Mother’s
Day,
I
was
working
in
my
kitchen.
Suddenly,
I
realized
that
cars
were
tooting
their
horns
as
they
drove
by.
I
looked
out
of
the
window
and
there
was
a
new
tree,
planted
right
in
my
yard.
I
thought
it
must
be
a
weeping
willow,
because
I
saw
things
blowing
around
on
all
its
branches.
Then
I
put
my
glasses
on—and
I
couldn’t
believe
what
I
saw.
There
was
a
money
tree
in
my
yard!
I
went
outside
to
look.
It
was
true！There
were
dollar
bills,
one
hundred
of
them,
taped
all
over
that
tree.
Think
of
all
the
garden
flowers
I
could
buy
with
one
hundred
dollars!
There
was
also
a
note
attached:
“IOU
eight
hours
of
digging
time.
Love,
Marvin.”
Marvin
kept
his
promise,
too.
He
dug
up
a
nice
ten?by?fifteen
foot
bed
for
me.
And
my
other
children
bought
me
tools,
ornaments,
a
trellis(棚架),
a
sunflower
stepping
stone
and
gardening
books.
That
was
three
years
ago.
My
garden’s
now
very
pretty,
just
like
I
wanted.
When
I
go
out
and
weed
or
tend
my
flowers,
I
don’t
seem
to
miss
my
children
as
much
as
I
once
did.
It
feels
like
they
are
right
there
with
me.
I
live
up
in
Michigan’s
Upper
Peninsula,
where
winters
are
long
and
cold,
and
summers
are
too
short.
But
every
year
now,
when
winter
sets
in,
I
look
out
of
my
window
and
think
of
the
flowers
I’ll
see
next
spring
in
my
little
garden.
I
think
about
what
my
children
did
for
me,
and
I
get
tears
in
my
eyes
every
time.
I’m
still
not
sure
that
money
grows
on
trees.
But
I
know
love
does!
1.
By
saying
“Do
you
see
a
money
tree
outside…”the
mother
actually
means
“________”.
A.
Observation
is
the
best
teacher
B.
Seeing
is
believing
C.
The
outsider
sees
the
most
of
the
game
D.
It
is
not
easy
to
gain
money
2.
The
best
title
for
the
passage
would
probably
be
________.
A.
My
flower
garden
B.
Marvin
helps
to
realize
my
dream
C.
Love
in
Michigan
D.
Money
grows
on
trees
3.
The
underlined
word
“no-frills”
in
the
fifth
paragraph
is
similar
in
meaning
to
________.
A.
wasteful
B.
tight
C.
absurd
D.
helpful
4.
From
the
last
three
paragraphs
we
can
infer
that
the
mother
is________.
A.
divorced
when
she
was
young
B.
not
caring
for
her
kids
any
longer
C.
alone
but
not
at
all
lonely
D.
prouder
with
her
garden
than
with
her
kids
六、书面表达
假定你是中学生李华。在一位名叫Tiger
Mom的学生家长的博客上，你看到如下内容。请你根据博客内容、写作要点和要求，给这位家长回复。
I’m
the
mother
of
a
fourteen?year?old
girl.
I
have
a
rule
for
my
daughter:
be
among
the
top
5
students
or
get
punished
in
one
way
or
another.
She
has
been
doing
very
well
in
school,
but
some
friends
of
mine
keep
telling
me
that
I
put
too
much
pressure
on
her.
Am
I
wrong?
写作要点：
1.
表明自己的看法；
2.
陈述自己的理由(可举例说明)；
3.
提出至少两条建议。
要求：
1.
短文词数不少于100(不含已写好的部分)。
2.
内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。
3.
书写须清晰、工整。
Hi,
Tiger
Mom,
What
puzzles
you
is
actually
a
puzzle
for
many
parents
in
China.
My
idea
is
___________
________________________
答案与解析
一、用所给的短语完成句子
1.
in
the
area
of;
in
the
area
of意为“在……领域”。
2.
are;
proud
of;
短语be
proud
of意为“对……感到自豪”，we作主语用are。
3.
used
to;
used
to
do意为“过去常常做某事，但现在不做了”。
4.add;to;
add...to...意为“在……里添加……”。在祈使句中用动词原形。
5.reacts
with;
react
with意为“与……反应”，iron为不可数名词，故用
reacts。
6.at
the
bottom
of;
at
the
bottom
of意为“在……底部”。
7.are
supposed
to;
are
supposed
to
do在本句中相当于should
do，表示“应该做……”。
8.am;interested
in;
本句意为“我对英语很感兴趣”。
9.Keep;out
of;
keep...out
of意为“把……挡在外面”与下句“别让它进来”意思一致。
二、翻译中文部分完成句子
1.
add
some
salt
to
it
2.
in
the
area/field
of
science
3.
in
the
water
without
air/in
air
free
water
4.
What
was
his
reaction
to
5.
I’m
very
proud
of
being
his
student
6.
dissolve
7.
twice
as
big
as
theirs/twice
bigger
than
theirs
/twice
the
size
of
theirs
三、单项选择
1.
A。考查名词词形和词义的辨析。contract合同；contrast对照，对比；contact联系，接触；
conflict冲突。
2.
A。句意：那只鸟张开翅膀飞走了。根据flew
away可知expand应用一般过去时。
3.
A。equipment为不可数名词，排除B、D两项；such修饰名词而so修饰形容词或者副词，故选A项。
4.
B。句意：我认为他从简单的实验中得出的结论是不科学的。draw
a
conclusion“得出结论”；draw
one’s
attention“引起某人注意”。
5.
A。common指为许多人或事物所共同具备因而常见；ordinary指由于与一般事物的性质或标准相同，因而显得平常，无奇特之处，反义词为special;
usual指在某一地方或某一时间内所常见的，往往指常用的东西，或经常发生的事情，反义词为unusual；normal同usual和regular，意为“正常的，正规的，标准的”。句意为：Letter
boxes在英国比在美国更常见，在美国大多数人都有一个mailbox。
6.
B。add
to“增添”的意思。句意：小树林和新挖的贯穿校园的小河增添了这所世界著名大学的美丽。
7.
B。句意:每个人都会经常失败。正是你对于失败的反应才使得生命有所不同。
8.
A。句意:麦迪得了23分,大卫·韦斯利又添了19分,包含几个关键的罚球,使得休斯敦火箭队赢得了第三场比赛的胜利。added
19后面省去了to
the
total
score.
9.
C。句意:她很害羞。她不习惯于当众受表扬。根据句意分析is
not
used
to表示“不习惯于……”，to是介词,所以后面要接动名词的被动形式作宾语。
10.
B。从四个选项判断,这里用be
supposed
to表示“被期待,应该”,表示作者猜测他到这里来的目的。
11.
A。句意:这条消息使我们大家都吃惊了。第一个空是谓语,用astonish的过去式；第二个空用过去分词形式表示“感到吃惊”。
12.
B。分数和rest作主语,谓语的数应与它们后面的名词保持一致。
四、完形填空
一向胆小的小狗却救了主人的命，动物是不是有一种本能，能够感知到危险？
1.
B。空格后的this指代上一句的内容，besides表示“除……之外(还有)”。
2.
A。从下文看，作者认为动物能够感知我们人类无法感知的某些事情，所以用certain表示“某个，某些”。
3.
C。下文的个人经历证明了这种认识，故用prove。
4.
A。由Howard和coward两个词的发音可知，它们是押韵的，rhyme
with表示“(词或音节)押韵；和……同韵”。
5.
D。由下文作者和Howard在雷暴雨中的经历可知，Howard怕雷暴雨，故选D。
6.
B。作者经常带狗散步，下面叙述的是其中一次的经历。once表示“一次；曾经”。
7.
C。由常识可知，下雨的时候跑到站牌下是为了避雨。shelter意为“庇护；避难”。
8.
D。由上下文可知，此时小狗在地上，所以只能是用牙齿咬住主人的裤子。
9.
A。由上下文可知，作者起初对于小狗的行为感到迷惑不解，甚至生气，但后来决定顺从(humour)它。所以此处用at
first。
10.
B。behaviour表示“行为，
举止”。
11.
C。head
for表示“朝……行进；前往”。
12.
C。此处需要时间状语，所以用when引导状语从句。
13.
D。由常识可知，先看到闪电，然后听到雷声。soon
after表示“不久之后，稍后”。
14.
A。雷声很大，可以说震耳欲聋，故用deafen。
15.
B。由下文As
I
straightened
up可知，此时作者弯腰抱起小狗，故用bent。
16.
C。作者在起身时，不经意地看了一眼，所以用glance
at。
17.
D。作为公共汽车的候车亭应该有柱子，所以用pole。
18.
A。此处描述候车亭遭雷击后的状况，所以用broken。
19.
B。小狗救了他的命，所以作者以拥抱小狗表示感谢。
20.
C。在第二段末作者以讥讽的语气说What
a
hero！有了这次的经历后，作者认为小狗真的是英雄(hero)。
五、阅读理解
这是一篇充满爱意的生活故事。作者年轻的时候就希望拥有一个花园，可是孩子一个接一个地来到人间，生活的拮据与时间的紧迫使她无暇实现自己的梦想。孩子们长大了，有了各自的生活，在一个母亲节，他们相约回到母亲身边，为她开垦了一个大花园，自此，作者徜徉于孩子们的爱的花园里。
1.
D。推理判断题。从文章可知，不谙世事的孩子们吵闹着要买很贵的东西，此时母亲就说：“你们看见过长钱的树吗？要知道，树上是不会长钱的。”显然作者要告诉孩子们的是生活拮据，赚钱不容易，别想着买那些昂贵的东西。
2.
A。主旨大意题。贯穿全文的主线是“花园”——年轻时的梦想。由于家庭生活的艰难而搁浅，而孩子们最终帮助“我”实现了这一梦想。
3.
B。词义猜测题。语境说，整理花园用钱，而多年来的拮据生活，已经让作者习惯了手头紧巴巴的生活，因此该词的含义应该是B。tight
budget表示“财政紧张，生活拮据”。
4.
C。推理判断题。倒数第三段作者说，徜徉于孩子们为她开垦的这片花园，“我不再像原来那么想念我的孩子们，他们仿佛就在花园里和我一起。”这与C项陈述相符：“我”独自一人生活在这里，但“我”不觉得孤独。
六、书面表达
Hi,
Tiger
Mom,
What
puzzles
you
is
actually
a
puzzle
for
many
parents
in
China.
My
idea
is
that
it
is
not
quite
right
for
you
to
do
so.
Although
high
grades
are
an
important
factor
in
evaluating
students
and
for
their
future
university
admission,
development
in
wisdom,
emotion,
health,
and
life
attitude
should
never
be
ignored.
There
are
many
examples
around
us.
Some
all?A
students
in
school
have
turned
out
not
to
be
as
successful
in
society
as
they
were
expected.
The
reason
is
often
that
the
pressure
from
their
parents
allows
them
almost
no
time
for
other
activities.
Furthermore,
punishment
is
by
no
means
a
wise
choice
to
help
them
grow
up
mentally
and
physically.
So
I
suggest
that
you
take
your
friends’
advice.
More
importantly,
let
her
live
like
a
lovely
girl;
let
her
have
more
friends
and
social
activities;
and
let
her
make
mistakes
of
her
own
as
the
teenagers
often
do.Module
3
My
First
Ride
on
a
Train
重点词汇
1.expert
n.专家
2.midnight
n.半夜
3.scenery
n.风景；景色
4.shoot
vt.射杀
5.journey
n.旅程
6.train
vt.训练
7.event
n.事件
8.ceremony
n.仪式
重点短语
get
on,
refer
to,
out
of
date，be
short
for
重点句型
What
a/an
(adj.)
+
单数名词
+主语+谓语！
……多么……啊！
2.
过去分词作定语
3.
What
do
you
think
of....?
4.
the
first
time引导句子
知识讲解
重点短语
get
on
【原句回放】We
got
on
in
Sydney
and
we
got
off
in
Alice
Springs,
right
in
the
middle
of
Australia,
more
than
four
thousand
kilometers
away.
我们在悉尼上火车，在爱丽斯泉下车，恰好位于澳大利亚中部，在四千公里之外。
【点拨】get
on上(车、船等)；进展，进行；相处
get
on/off表示“上/下车”时，常用于bus,
train,
bike,
ship,
horse等；用get
in(into)/out
of(from)表示从air,
car等进出。
Everything
was
getting
on
very
well.
一切进展非常顺利。
How
are
you
getting
on/along
with
your
English?
你的英语学得怎么样？
He
is
not
an
easy
man
to
get
on
with.
他不好相处。
The
workers
couldn’t
get
on
for
lack
of
materials.
由于缺乏材料，工人们无法进行下去。
refer
to
【原句回放】Some
of
the
verbs
can
refer
to
more
than
one
means
of
transport.
有些动词可以涉及到不止一种交通方式。
【点拨】refer
to...
指的是；提及……；查阅；参考
refer...to...
让……参阅/参照……；叫(人)去(某处或某人处)；把……委托/交付给……
refer
to...as...
将……称为……
refer
to
a
dictionary查字典＝look
up
a
word
in
a
dictionary查词典＝consult
a
dictionary
This
rule
refers
to
everyone.
这条规则适用于任何人。
What
I
have
to
say
referred
to
all
of
you.
我要说的话涉及到你们大家。
If
you
meet
with
any
new
word,
refer
to
the
dictionary.
遇到生词要查词典。
California
is
referred
to
as
the
“Golden
State”.
加利福尼亚被称作“黄金之州”。
He
referred
the
student
to
the
counselor.
他叫那个学生去找辅导员。
The
problem
was
referred
to
the
committee.
该问题已交付委员会处理。
The
speaker
often
referred
to
his
notes.
那个演讲的人不时地看发言稿。
out
of
date
【原句回放】It’s
out
of
date.
它过期了。
【点拨】out
of
date过时的；过期的；老式的
This
ticket
is
out
of
date.
It’s
two
months
old.
这张票过期了，已经有两个月了。
These
machines
are
already
a
little
out
of
date.
这些机器已经有点陈旧了。
The
dresses
on
show
are
out
of
date.
展出的服装都过时了。
【拓展】out
of
date相关短语
up
to
date
现代化的；最新式的
date
back
to/from
追溯到；始建于
have
a
date
for
sb.
同某人约会
out
of
breath
上气不接下气，气喘吁吁
out
of
control
失控
out
of
order
出毛病
out
of
reach
够不着
out
of
question
不成问题的；可能的
out
of
the
question成问题的；不可能的
out
of
shape
变形
be
short
for
【原句回放】Ghan
is
short
for
Afghanistan.
“Ghan”是Afghanistan（阿富汗）的缩写。
【点拨】be
short
for
是……的简称；是……的缩写
NATO
is
short
for
North
Atlantic
Treaty
Organization.
NATO是“北大西洋公约组织”的缩写。
【拓展】be
short
of短少；缺少；未达到；除了
short
cut
捷径
short
of
funds
资金短缺
for
short
作为简称，作为缩写
in
short
简单地说，总之
重点句型
1.
What
a/an
(adj.)
+
单数名词
+主语+谓语！
……多么……啊！
【原句回放】What
a
ride!
多么美妙的旅程啊！
【点拨】以what引导的感叹句，一般有三种形式，此时what为形容词，作定语，用来修饰它后面的名词或词组。
what
+
a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！
What
a
good
girl
she
is!
她是个多么好的一个女孩啊！
what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！
What
bad
weather
it
is!
多么糟糕的天气啊！
what+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语。
What
good
students
they
are!
他们是多么好的学生啊！
【拓展】how引导的感叹句也有三种结构形式。此时how是副词，用来修饰其后的形容词或副词，也可以修饰动词。
How+形容词+主语+谓语！
How
hot
it
is
today!　今天多么热呀！
How+副词+主语+谓语！
How
fast
he
runs!
他跑得多么快呀！
How+主语+谓语！　
How
time
flies!
光阴似箭！
2.
过去分词作定语
【原句回放】We
ate
great
meals
cooked
by
experts!
我们吃的美味饭菜是由烹饪大师做的！
【点拨】有过去分词短语作定语的结构，表示被动和已发生的动作。相当于含有被动语态的定语从句。过去分词作定语放在被修饰的词前或后；过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的词后。
We
are
going
to
talk
about
the
problem
discussed
at
the
last
meeting.
(＝...problem
which
was
discussed...)
我们准备谈一谈上次会上讨论的问题。
There
is
almost
nothing
changed
since
I
left
the
town
two
years
ago.
(＝...nothing
that
has
been
changed...)
自从我两年前离开这个小城后，几乎没有什么改变。
动词的过去分词作定语时，该词通常是及物动词；如果是不及物动词的过去分词作定语，往往不表示被动，只表示动作完成。
They
have
cleaned
the
fallen
leaves.
他们已经清理了这些落叶。
His
father
is
a
retired
worker.
他爸爸是一个退休工人。
3.
What
do
you
think
of....?
【原句回放】Where
do
you
think
most
of
the
people
live,
in
the
central
part
of
the
country
or
on
the
coast?
你认为大多数人生活在哪里：国家的中部还是沿海？
【点拨】此句是一种复合特殊疑问句。其结构是：特殊疑问词+do
you
think+陈述句结构。do
you
think是插入语。无论疑问词在句中作什么成分，think后面都用陈述语序。除think外，常见的动词还有：believe,
consider,
suppose,
imagine,
guess和suggest等。
Who
do
you
think
is
fit
for
the
job?
你认为谁能胜任这项工作？
What
do
you
think
has
happened
to
Peter?
你认为彼得发生了什么事？
I
think,
I
believe,
I
suppose,
I
guess,
I
imagine,
I
find,
I
understand,
I
trust,
I
know,
I
say,
I
hear等可用作插入语，置于句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开；此类插入语若置于定语从句中，可不用标点。
It
is
impossible,
I
think,
that
we
should
finish
the
job
in
such
a
short
period
of
time.
我认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。
4.
the
first
time引导句子
【原句回放】Tell
other
students
about
the
first
time
you
did
one
of
the
activities.
给其他同学说说你第一次做下列活动的情况。
【点拨】the
first
time
首次；第一次。常引导时间状语从句，其重点不是讲第一次做什么，而是说明另一动作或情况；也可以作表语，强调到说话为止某一情况或动作的次数。
I
knew
we
would
be
good
friends
the
first
time
I
met
her．
第一次见到她，我就知道我们会成为好朋友。
This
is
the
first
time
I
have
been
to
the
Great
Wall．
这是我第一次去长城。
【拓展】for
the
first
time
首次；第一次。表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事，在句中一般单独作状语。
The
two
girl
students
met
each
other
for
the
first
time
at
the
beginning
of
the
term
两位女生在开学初首次见面。
at
the
first
time
是介词短语，在第一次。
He
won
the
match
at
the
first
time.
他在第一次比赛中就获胜了。
过去分词作定语和状语
概念引入
在前两个单元我们已经学过过去分词作定语和表语，及过去分词作宾语补足语，在本单元中我们先复习一下过去分词作定语，然后学习过去分词作状语。
看下面句子：
1.
Worried
about
the
journey,
I
was
unsettled
for
the
first
few
days.
2.
Well-known
for
their
expertise,
his
parents’
company,
called
“Future
Tours”,
transported
me
safely
into
the
future
in
a
time
capsule.
3.
Hit
by
a
lack
of
fresh
air,
my
head
ached.
4.
Exhausted,
I
slid
into
bed
and
fell
fast
asleep.
5.
Described
as
an
enormous
round
plate,
it
spins
slowly
in
space
to
imitate
the
pull
of
the
earth’s
gravity.
这些句子中斜体词部分都是过去分词，在句中作状语。那么过去分词作状语，有什么需要注意呢？
用法讲解
过去分词作定语：
在第一单元，我们已经学过了过去分词作定语的用法，这里做一简单复习。
1.
过去分词作定语与定语从句：
过去分词作定语，具有形容词或副词的作用，该分词及其修饰成分相当于定语从句。如果把分词短语转变成定语从句时，这个定语从句应具备两个特征：
1）从句的主语和所修饰的先行词一致；如2）的例句1中定语从句的主语就是所修饰词a
teacher。
2）从句的谓语动词为被动语态形式。
She
is
a
teacher
respected
by
all
her
students.
她是位受所有学生尊敬的老师。
=
She
is
a
teacher
who
is
respected
by
all
her
students.
This
is
the
best
novel
of
its
kind
ever
written.
这是这类小说中写得最好的。
=
This
is
the
best
novel
of
its
kind
that
has
ever
been
written.
2.
作定语的分词的逻辑主语
分词作定语，其逻辑主语是所修饰词，现在分词动作与所修饰词常是主动关系，而过去分词动作与所修饰词常是被动关系。
The
broken
clock
should
be
repaired
as
soon
as
possible.
这个坏了的钟表该尽快修好。
（定语broken与所修饰的词clock是被动的，即被弄坏的表）
The
crying
baby
has
been
ill
for
two
days.
正在大哭的那个婴儿病了两天了。
（定语crying是所修饰词baby做的，是主动关系）
注意：不定式和-ing形式的被动式与所修饰词也是被动关系，但在时间上与过去分词不同。
3.
作定语的非谓语动词的时间
过去分词作定语，多表示动作已经完成；to
be
done表示动作将要发生；being
done表示动作正在进行。
built
last
year
去年建的桥
the
bridge
being
built
正在建的桥
to
be
built
next
year
明年要建的桥
4.
表示情感的动词的分词作定语
现在分词表示事物的性质，而过去分词表示内心的感受，尤其注意分词修饰expression，look等词时，一般用过去分词表示内心感受所表现的表情。
The
frightened
look
on
her
face
when
seeing
the
dog
surprised
her
parents.
　
她看到小狗时脸上害怕的表情让她父母很吃惊。（感到害怕的表情）
　对比：
　The
tall
man
gave
me
a
frightening
look.
高个子男人向我做了一个吓人的表情。
　（让别人害怕的表情，是性质）
过去分词作状语----入门篇：
1.
什么是状语：
状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词、其他状语或主句的，可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。可以充当状语的有副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语、形容词、名词词组和从句等。如：
Helpless,
we
watched
our
home
destroyed
before
our
eyes.
我们束手无策,只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。
（形容词作伴随状语，说明“看着”时的状态是“无助的”）
He
wrote
with
a
red
pencil．他用红铅笔写的。（介词短语作方式状语）
The
students
went
away
laughing．学生们笑着走开了。（现在分词作伴随状语）
Tom
tried
hard
to
improve
his
English.
汤姆努力尝试来提高英语水平。
（hard是副词作状语表示程度，to
improve
his
English是不定式短语作状语表示目的）
I’ll
write
to
you
as
soon
as
I
get
there．（从句作时间状语）
我一到那儿就给你写信。
【高清课堂：Unit
3
Life
in
the
future语法精讲
作状语】
2.
过去分词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时，做题的窍门是：要看作状语的非谓语动词与主句的主语构成的主被动关系。
1）Born
into
a
peasant
family,
he
only
had
two
years’
schooling.
他出生于农民家庭，只受过两年的教育。
（某人出生于......要用sb.
was
born...，因此用born）
2）Compared
to
many
women,
she
was
very
fortunate.
与许多女子相比，她很幸运。
（人compare
A
to/with
B，此句中是When
we
compare
her
to
many
women，即she
is
compared
...，因此用compared）
3）Exhausted
by
the
journey,
he
soon
fell
asleep.
由于旅程而精疲力竭，他不久就睡着了。
（我们说“I
am
exhausted
(=
am
tired)，被使筋疲力尽”，有些学生会误写为being
exhausted，一定注意这种由过去分词变来的形容词作状语时表示状态，不需加being，即表示感情的过去分词作状语，不需要加being。这是考试时要特别注意的。）
4）Although
built
before
the
war,
the
engine
is
still
in
perfect
order.
这个引擎虽然是战前造的，仍然状态良好。
(引擎是被制造的，所以用built。分词作状语时，可以加某些连词，如while
doing/
done)
5）Unless
changed,
the
law
will
make
the
life
difficult
for
farmers.
如果不做变革，这项法律会使农民的生活困难。
（法律是被变革的，因此用changed，加了连词unless，即unless
changed）■
过去分词作状语----用法小结篇
1）作状语的过去分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。
Written
in
a
hurry,
this
article
was
not
so
good!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
（过去分词Written作原因状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语this
article，是动作的承受者。）
对比：
Using
the
book,
I
find
it
useful.
在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
（现在分词Using作时间状语，其逻辑主语也是句子的主语I，动作是主语发出的。）
注意：
　　
如果过去分词作状语时，主句的主语不是分词的逻辑主语，而是在前面另加了逻辑主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构。
　　The
signal
given,
the
bus
started.
信号一发出，汽车就开动了。
　　（given
的逻辑主语是the
signal，不是主句主语
the
bus。）
　　Her
head
held
high,
she
went
by.
她把头昂得高高地走了过去。
　　（held
high
的逻辑主语是her
head，而不是主句主语
she。）
2）过去分词作状语时的特点也是被动、完成。及物动词的过去分词形式语态上表示被动，时间上表示已经完成，有时也表示模糊的时间概念。
Used
for
a
long
time,
the
book
looks
old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
（used与句子的主语是被动关系----书是被用的；used的动作已经完成）
3）如果我们把该分词短语转变为一个状语从句时，该状语从句也应该具备两个特征：
从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致；
谓语动词为被动语态形式。
Worried
about
the
journey,
I
was
unsettled
for
the
first
few
days.
=
As
I
was
worried
about
the
journey,
I
was
unsettled
for
the
first
few
days.
因为担心旅程，前几天我感到心绪不宁。
Though
warned
of
the
storm,
the
farmers
were
still
working
in
the
fields.
=
Though
they
had
been
warned
of
the
storm,
the
farmers
were
still
working
in
the
fields.
虽然得到了警告，农民们还是在地里干着活。
4）分词作状语时，有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词，如when,
while,
unless,
once,
though,
even
if,
than等，这时分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。也可以理解为：当这些连词引导的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，从句中的主语和be动词部分可以省略。
When
(you
are)
given
a
medical
examination,
you
should
keep
calm.
做体格检查时要保持镇定。
Don’t
speak
until
(you
are)
spoken
to.
别人对你说话时你再说话。
（注意：主语主句是祈使句，祈使句的主语一般是you）
Even
if
(I’m)
invited,
I
won’t
take
part
in
the
party.
即使被邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会。
While
(he
was)
waiting
there,
he
saw
two
pretty
girls
come
out
of
the
building.
他在那儿等着的时候，看见两个靓妹走出大楼。
5）过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随等。
①
表示时间
When
asked
why
he
was
late,
he
went
red.
当问他为什么迟到时，他脸红了。
He
didn’t
say
anything
until
invited.
直到被邀请，他才说话。
②
表示条件
United,
we
stand;
divided,
we
fall.
联合，我们就能站立；分裂，我们必然倒下。
Given
more
money,
we
could
do
it
better.
如果多给点钱，我们会做得更好。
③
表示原因
Seriously
injured,
he
had
to
be
taken
to
hospital.
由于伤得很严重，他不得不被送往医院。
Surprised
at
what
happened，Tom
didn’t
know
what
to
do.
因为对发生的事感到吃惊，汤姆不知道该做什么了。
④
表示让步
Though
warned
many
times,
the
boy
still
reads
in
bed.
虽然警告了他好多次，那个男孩还是躺在床上读书。
Even
if
given
more
money,
I
can’t
finish
the
work
only
by
myself.
即使给再多的钱，我一个人也做不完这个工作。
⑤
表示伴随、方式
The
teacher
entered
the
classroom,
followed
by
a
group
of
students.
老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。
He
turned
away
disappointed.
他失望地走开了。
分词作状语的区别
1）现在分词作状语，句子的主语是现在分词的动作的执行者，而过去分词作状语，句子的主语是分词的动作承受者。
Seeing
the
new
bike,
he
jumped
with
joy.
看见了新自行车，他高兴地跳了起来。
（he做了see这个动作）
Seen
from
here,
the
picture
appears
beautiful
indeed.
在这里看，这张画确实很美丽。
（画是被看的）
2）从时间上看。过去分词可以表示完成或模糊的时间概念，而与现在分词的一般式表示与主语动词同时或几乎同时发生，现在分词的完成式表示先于谓语动词发生。
Arriving
there,
they
found
the
boy
ill.
他们到那时发现男孩病了。
(arriving与found同时发生)
Hearing
the
noise
outside,
he
rushed
out.
听到外面的吵闹声，他冲了出去。
（hear和rush几乎同时发生）
Having
finished
his
homework,
he
went
out.
做完了作业，他出去了。
（finish先于went）
Seen
from
the
top
of
the
mountain,
the
city
looks
small.
从山顶上看，城市看上去很小。
（seen不表示完成，也不强调正在进行，只表示被动）
Explained
many
times（=
Having
been
explained
many
times）,
he
understood
what
to
do
in
the
end.
给他解释了好多次了，他终于知道该做什么了。
（Explain与句子的主语是被动的，而且在谓语动作understood之前完成，可以用过去分词表示，相当于现在分词的完成式的被动形式，但是后者Having
been
explained更强调已经完成。）
注意：
作方式或伴随状语时常用过去分词，习惯上不用being
followed。
The
hunter,
followed
by
his
wolf
dog,
walked
slowly
in
the
forest.
猎人在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一只狼狗。
（followed是伴随状语，表示猎人走着时的伴随状况，不表示已经完成；因为作伴随状语，不用being
followed）
拓展：不定式作状语
不定式作状语，多表示目的、原因、结果等。
None
of
us
would
choose
to
stop
to
have
a
rest.
没有人愿意停下来休息。（目的）
I’m
sorry
to
have
troubled
you
so
much.
麻烦你这么多，真对不起。（原因）
（多跟在表示高兴、愉快、生气、荣耀、遗憾等情绪的形容词之后）
I
opened
the
box
only
to
find
it
empty.
我打开盒子，却发现里面什么也没有。（结果）
（多是出乎意料的结果，或too...to,
enough
to结构等）
作插入语的分词：
有些分词作插入语的结构是固定的，其逻辑上的主语并不是句子的主语，它们往往作为独立成分来修饰全句，引出说话人的态度、观点等。这些结构需要记住。
generally
speaking　一般说来
strictly
speaking
严格的说
roughly
speaking
大致来说
judging
from
从……判断
considering
考虑到
taking
all
things
into
consideration　全面看来
例如：
Judging
from
his
face,
he
must
be
ill.　从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally
speaking,
dogs
can
run
faster
than
pigs.
总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。
（speaking
不是dogs
的动作）Module
1
My
First
Day
at
Senior
High
高频单词
1.method
n.方法
2.attitude
n.
态度
3.information
n.消息
4.misunderstanding
n.误解
5.cover
vt.包含
6.technology
n.技术
7.move
vi.搬家;移动
8.enjoyment
n.享受;乐趣
高频短语
1.far
from
　　
远离；远非　
2.nothing
like
毫不相似；完全不像
3.be
impressed
with
对......有印象
4.in
other
words
换句话说
5.look
forward
to
期待；盼望
6.at
the
start
of
在......开始
7.at
the
end
of
在......结束
8.go
to
college
上大学
9.be
divided
into
被（划）分成......
10.take
part
in
参加
高频句型
句型1：so引导倒装句：so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋(另一)主语，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或事
【教材原句】—I’ve
just
been
to
my
first
language
class.
——我刚刚去上了第一堂语言课。
—Oh
really？So
have
I
——噢，真的吗？我也是。
句型2：倍数句型：...times＋as...as...
【教材原句】In
other
words，there
are
three
times
as
many
girls
as
boys.
换句话说，女生人数是男生的三倍。
句型3：非限制性定语从句：名词/代词/形容词最高级＋of＋which/whom＋...
【教材原句】The
school
year
is
divided
into
two
semesters，the
first
of
which
is
September
through
December，and
the
second
January
through
May.
一学年分为两个学期，第一学期从九月到十二月，第二学期从一月到五月
要点精析
高频短语
have
fun
【原句回放】And
we
have
fun.
我们上课上得很快乐。
【点拨】have
fun玩得高兴，过得愉快(＝have
a
good
time)
1.
fun作名词时，表“乐趣，有趣的人或事物”，无论指事还是指人，都是不可数的。
2.
表示“有趣”，用fun，不能用funny，因funny意为“滑稽可笑的”。what
fun多么有趣；in
a
fun
way以有趣的方式；a
fun
day愉快的一天。
Swimming
in
the
sea
is
great
fun.
在海里游泳很好玩。
I
must
look
funny
in
this
hat.
我戴这顶帽子看起来一定很滑稽。
In
other
words
in
a
word
总之，简言之
word
for/by
word
逐字地
keep
one's
word
遵守诺言
break
one's
word食言，违背诺言
have
a
word
with
sb.和某人谈一谈
have
words
with
sb.与某人吵架
nothing
like
【点拨】nothing
like完全不像；没有比（某事）更好的了
It
looks
nothing
like
a
horse.
它看上去根本不像一匹马。
There
is
nothing
like
a
hot
bath
after
a
day’s
work.
一天工作之后，没什么比洗个热水澡更舒服的了。
【拓展】that可用来代替前面提到的事物，以避免重复。
The
size
of
my
shoes
is
larger
than
that
of
yours.
我的鞋的号码比你的大。
当指代物为复数形式时,
用those。
The
apples
in
the
basket
are
bigger
than
those
on
the
floor.
篮子里的苹果比地板上的大。
▲Look
forward
to要点
“动词＋副词＋介词”结构的短语还有：
make
up
for
弥补，补偿
look
down
on轻视，瞧不起
break
away
from脱离；逃离
keep
away
from
远离
run
out
of
用完，用尽
think
highly
of
对··评价高
add
up
to总数为
look
up
to
尊敬，敬仰
live
up
to
不辜负
get
down
to开始做
catch
up
with
赶上
come
up
with
提出，想出（答案等）
get
along/on
with与······相处
put
up
with
容忍
do
away
with
摆脱，废除
go
on
with
继续
单元语法
-ing和-ed结尾的形容词的用法
在英语中常有一些动词的现在分词和过去分词可以转化为形容词，在句子中主要用做定语和表语。其区别主要在于：
1．以-ing结尾的形容词用来描述人或事物本身具有的特征，即人或事物具有能够令人产生某种情绪的作用或能力。
2．以-ed结尾的形容词常用来描述人对某事物做出的反应，其主语通常是人。
This
is
a
disappointing
result.
这是一个令人失望的结果。
They
were
very
pleased
with
their
work.
(描述人的感觉)
他们对自己的工作很满意。
To
my
great
surprise，he
wasn’t
surprised
when
he
heard
the
surprising
news.(指消息具有“令人吃惊”的特点)
使我很吃惊的是，当他听到这个令人吃惊的消息的时候没有感到吃惊。
常见的以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词：
amazing令人吃惊的　　
amazed感到吃惊的
boring令人厌烦的
bored无聊的
embarrassing令人难堪的
embarrassed尴尬的
disappointing令人失望的
disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的
encouraged感到鼓舞的
exciting令人激动的
excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的
delighted感到高兴的
pleasing令人愉快的
pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的
puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的
satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊讶的
surprised感到惊讶的
worrying令人担心的
worried感到担心的
moving令人感动的
moved感动的
-ing和-ed形式构成的复合形容词：
badly-paid
低工资的
good-natured天性善良的
long-lived长寿的
newly
married新婚的
easy-going
随和的
clear-cut轮廓鲜明的；清晰的
ever-lasting
love永恒的爱
a
one-eyed
dog　一只眼的狗
a
far-seeing
politician
有远见的政治家
a
cold-hearted
boss　冷心肠的老板
peace-loving
people
爱好和平的人民
well-written
novel
写得好的小说
nice-smelling
flowers
香气扑鼻的花
ice-covered
land?
冰雪覆盖的大陆
现在时
概念
一般现在时和现在进行时是英语中非常基础的两种时态，虽然在初中阶段已经接触了这两种时态，但进入高中以后，他们还有一些不太常见的或者说“非典型”的用法，也是同学们容易用错的地方。因此，这个导学中老师详细而全面地归纳了一般现在时和现在进行时的用法。
此外，在初中阶段，同学们已经熟知了形容词用作定语，副词用作状语；现在分词用于构成进行时态，过去分词用于构成完成时态或被动语态。在进入高中以后，能用作形容词的形式多了，例如，现在分词和过去分词也可以用作形容词，同时现在分词和过去分词也可以和其他词类一起合成复合形容词。
一般现在时用法
1.
一般现在时表示经常性的事情。时间状语：often经常,
usually通常,
always总是，every每个,
sometimes有时，at…在几点钟；on
Mondays
在周一,
twice
a
year一年两次。只有第三人称单数用动词三单，其余动词均用原形。
He
reads
English
every
morning.
他每天早晨读英语。
The
boys
often
play
on
the
playground
after
school.
放学后男孩子们经常在操场上玩耍。
I
write
to
my
parents
once
a
month.
我每个月给父母写一封信。
2.表示现在持续性动作或存在状态。
He’s
twelve.
他十二岁。
He
lives
in
Shanghai
at
present.
目前他住在上海。
3.表示客观事实和真理，格言或警句中。
Two
plus
four
is
six.
二加四等于六。
The
sun
rises
in
the
east
and
sets
in
the
west.
太阳东升西落。
Time
and
tide
wait
for
no
man.
岁月不待人。
?Pride?goes?before?a?fall.　骄者必败。?
　?注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。?
?Columbus?proved?that?the?earth?is?round.
4.表示主语具有的性格和能力。
She
likes
noodles.
她喜欢吃面条。
They
speak
French.
他们说法语。
5．在表示时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。
Next
time
I’ll
do
as
he
says.
下次我将按照他所说的去做。
I
will
go
swimming
if
it
is
fine
tomorrow.
如果明天天气好，我就去游泳。
I’ll
let
you
know
as
soon
as
she
comes.
她一来我就告诉你。
6．go，come，leave，start，arrive，begin，return等表示起始的动词的一般现在时，常用来表示已安排好或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态。
The
train
arrives
at
nine
in
the
morning.
火车早上9点到达。
The
meeting
begins
at
7
o’clock.
会议在7点开始。
School
begins
on
March
5.
三月五日开学。
7．以here，there开头的句子常用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作。
Here
comes
the
bus！
公交车来了！
There
goes
the
bell.
=
The
bell
is
ringing.
铃响了。
8．一般现在时也可用于叙事文章或新闻报道中追述往事，以增加描述的真实性和生动性。
The
story
happens
in
a
park.
故事发生在公园里。
9.
解说员在叙述迅速、短暂的动作时，可以用一般现在时表示正在进行或刚刚发生的动作。在舞台说明中也可用一般现在时。
McGrady
passes
the
ball
to
Yao
Ming.
麦克格雷把球传给了姚明。
10.在电影、电视、戏剧、图文、标题等解说和介绍中用一般现在时。
Hemingway’s
Farewell
to
Arms
expresses
the
pain
of
war.
海明威的《永别了，武器》表达了战争的苦难。
一般现在时的句型结构
肯定句:
主语+
am/is/are+表语
主语+实义动词
(+其它)
否定句:
主语+
am/is/are
+not+表语
主语+don’t
(doesn’t)
+实义动词原形
(+其它)
疑问句:
Am/Is/Are+主语+表语
Do
(Does)+主语+实义动词原形(+其它)
动词“三单”变化
多数在动词后加s，play—plays，like—likes；
以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的动词加es，go—goes，wash—washes；
以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改i再加es，fly—flies。
现在进行时用法
现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的尚未完成的动作或状态或现阶段正在进行的动作。其结构为“am/is/are＋doing”。可与now,
at
present,
at
this
moment等时间状语连用，也可不用时间状语。
1．表示说话时正在发生或进行的动作或状态。
I’m
writing
a
report
now.
我现在正在写一篇报告。
The
weather
is
getting
colder
and
colder.
天气变得越来越冷了。
The
students
are
listening
to
the
teacher.
学生正在听老师讲课。
2．表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话时，该动作未必正在进行。
Gorge
is
translating
a
book
now.
乔治现在正翻译一本书。
（说话时乔治不一定正在翻译，可能在做别的事。）
3．表示反复发生的动作。常与
always,
forever,
constantly,
all
the
time,
continually,
simply
等时间副词连用，用来表示不满、抱怨或赞赏等情感。
The
little
boy
is
always
asking
such
questions.
那个小男孩老是问这样的问题。
Mary
is
always
thinking
of
herself.
玛丽总是想着自己。
4．表示位移的动词go，come，sail，leave，start，stay，arrive，begin，return等习惯用进行时表示将要发生的动作。
They
are
moving
to
their
new
apartment
next
month.
下个月他们就要迁入新居了。
The
train
is
arriving.
火车就要到了。
I
am
meeting
Peter
tonight.
He
is
taking
me
to
the
theatres.
今天晚上我要跟彼得会面。他要带我去看戏。
How
many
students
are
coming
to
the
meeting?
多少学生将会参加会议？
5.
表示渐变的动词有get,
grow,
become,
turn,
run,
go,
begin等。
The
leaves
are
turning
red.
树叶在变红。
It's
getting
warmer
and
warmer.
天变得越来越暖和了。
6.
少数几个表示心理活动的静态动词（如hope,
wonder）也可以用现在进行时表示客气。
I
am
wondering
if
I
could
have
a
word
with
you.
我在想是否可以和您谈一谈。
现在进行时的基本结构
肯定句:
主语+
am/is/are+
现在分词
否定句:
主语+
am/is/are+
not+现在分词
疑问句:
Am/Is/Are
+主语+现在分词
puzzling令人费解的
puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的
satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊讶的
surprised感到惊讶的
worrying令人担心的
worried感到担心的
moving令人感动的
moved感动的
-ing和-ed形式构成的复合形容词：
badly-paid
低工资的
good-natured天性善良的
long-lived长寿的
newly
married新婚的
easy-going
随和的
clear-cut轮廓鲜明的；清晰的
ever-lasting
love永恒的爱
a
one-eyed
dog　一只眼的狗
a
far-seeing
politician
有远见的政治家
a
cold-hearted
boss　冷心肠的老板
peace-loving
people
爱好和平的人民
well-written
novel
写得好的小说
nice-smelling
flowers
香气扑鼻的花
ice-covered
land?
冰雪覆盖的大陆