1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂
3.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）I like eating tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
4．（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice.2020年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题02
动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气
一、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The
unmanned
Chang’e-4
probe
(探测器)—the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess
61．
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last
week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
2.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）＂This
really
excites
scientists,＂
Carle
Pieters,
a
scientist
at
Brown
University,
says,
＂because
it
67．
(mean)
we
have
the
chance
to
obtain
information
about
how
the
moon
68．
(construct)
.＂
67.【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle
Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This
really
excites
scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68．【答案】is
constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the
moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the
moon是单数，故填is
constructed。
3.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）I
like
eating
tomatoes
with
eggs,
and
I
thought
it
must
to
be
easy
to
cook.
【答案】将to去掉
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。
4．（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Actually,
I
start
to
learn
kung
fu
when
I
was
seven
years
old,
I
have
long
been
out
of
practice.
【答案】start→started
【解析】考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。
5．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The
artist
was
sure
he
would63．(choose),
but
when
he
presented
his
masterpiece
to
the
emperor’s
chief
minister,
the
old
nan
laughed.
【答案】be
chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be
chosen。
6．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）
65（When/As）
he
asked
the
villagers
on
the
banks
of
the
river
where
he
could
find
the
legendary
(传奇的)
artist,
they
smiled
and
66．
(point)
down
the
river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they
smiled
and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
7.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）And，as
more
children
were
born，more
food
59．(need).
【答案】was
needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was
needed。
8.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）By
about
6000
BC，people
61．
(discover)the
best
crops
to
grow
and
animals
to
raise.
【答案】had
discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by
+
过去时间
译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had
discovered.
9.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）New
methods
65．
(mean)that
fewer
people
worked
in
farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
10.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The
80,000
objects
collected
by
Sir
Hans
Sloane,
for
example,
38．
(form)
the
core
collection
of
the
British
Museum
39（which/that）
opened
in
1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯?斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
11.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The
parts
of
a
museum
open
to
the
public
40．
(call)
galleries
or
rooms.
【答案】are
called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are
called。
12．（2020·天津卷单项填空）Jim
says
we
______
stay
in
his
house
as
long
as
we
leave
it
clean
and
tidy
.
A．must
B．can
C．need
D．should
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A.
must必须；B.
can能，可以；C.
need需要；D.
should应该。根据后面的“as
long
as
we
leave
it
clean
and
tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
13．（2020·天津卷单项填空）—You
are
a
great
swimmer.
—Thanks.
It’s
because
I
______
a
lot
these
days.
A．have
been
practising
B．was
practising
C．would
practise
D．had
practised
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：——你游泳很棒。——谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these
days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。
14．（2020·天津卷单项填空）The
number
of
medical
schools
reached
18
in
the
early
1990s
and
______
around
that
level
since.
A．are
remaining
B．have
remained
C．is
remaining
D．has
remained
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever
since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the
number
of
medical
schools，the
number
of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。
15.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）If
you
look
at
all
sides
of
the
situation,
you’ll
find
probably
a
solution
that
______
everyone.
A.
suit
B.
suited
C.
suits
D.
has
suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a
solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
16.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）Instead
of
getting
down
to
a
new
task
as
I
_____,
he
examined
the
previous
work
again.
A.
had
expected
B.
have
expected
C.
would
expect
D.
expect
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选A。
二、2020届模拟题
1.
(2020届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟)—
You
really
did
a
good
job,Robert!
—
I
was
just
doing
my
job
and
anyone
in
my
position___________the
same
like
me.
A.
might
do
B.
could
do
C.
should
have
done
D.
would
have
done
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：罗伯特，你真棒！--我只是做了我该做的事情，任何一个跟我站在同一角度的人都会这么做的。分析句子可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，故应用would
have
done。故选D。
2.
(2020届天津市河北区高三一模)
I
jumped
with
joy
the
moment
I
______
my
driver’s
license
in
the
mail.
A.
receive
B.
received
C.
had
received
D.
would
receive
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：我一收到邮寄来的驾照，就高兴得跳了起来。the
moment引导的时间状语从句，主句主语与从句主语几乎同时发生，且句子都为一般过去时。故选B项。
3.
(2020届天津市和平区高三线下第一次模拟考试)Charlie's
wheelchair
______
out
of
power.
He
drove
it
into
my
office
and
looked
for
a
place
to
charge
it.
A.
run
B.
have
run
C.
had
run
D.
was
running
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：查理的轮椅快没电了。
他把它开进我的办公室，找了个地方充电费。根据下文He
drove
it
into
my
office
and
looked
for
a
place
to
charge
it.可知，轮椅快没电，run
out
of“耗尽；用光”，用进行时表示“即将用光”，故选D。
4.
(2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模)—
Fancy
meeting
you
here!
Are
you
a
librarian?
—
Not
really.
I________my
volunteer
effort
until
the
new
term
begins.
A.
will
just
contribute
B.
have
just
contributed
C.
just
contribute
D.
am
just
contributing
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：——很高兴在这儿见到你！你是图书馆管理员吗？——并不是。我只是在做志愿者工作，一直做到新学期开始。根据语境和句中给出的时间状语until
the
new
term
begins可知，讲话者目前正在从事志愿者工作，表示说话时正在进行的动作，符合现在进行时的特点，要用现在进行时。故选D项。
5.
(
2020届江苏省连云港市赣榆区高三高考仿真训练)
I
hate
to
say
this
but
you
need
to
stop
doing
things
like
this
because
they
__________
me
all
the
time.
A.
disturb
B.
have
disturbed
C.
disturbed
D.
are
disturbing
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我讨厌这样说，但是你需要停止这做这些事情，因为它们老是打扰了我。根据句意及时间状语all
the
time可知，使用现在进行时，与all
the
time(一直)搭配，表示厌恶。故选D。
6.
(2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模)When
Stanley
finally
made
it
to
the
lecture
hall,
the
professor________his
speech
for
half
an
hour.
A.
had
delivered
B.
delivered
C.
was
delivering
D.
has
delivered
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：
当斯坦利终于来到演讲厅时，教授已经演讲半个小时了。根据句意，“deliver”这一动作发生在“made
it”之前，when引导的时间状语从句表示过去发生的动作，故“发表演讲”是发生在“过去的过去”的动作，用过去完成时，故选A。
7.
(
2020届江苏省连云港市赣榆区高三高考仿真训练)
I
__________
to
give
you
just
a
surprise
quiz
but
on
second
thought
I
chose
to
let
you
reflect
on
your
exercises.
A.
had
intended
B.
has
intended
C.
intended
D.
has
been
intended
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：我本打算给你一个惊喜测验，但经过仔细考虑，我选择让你反思一下你的练习。根据
I
chose
to
let
you
reflect
on
your
exercises.可知，had
intended
to
do
sth“本打算做某事,实际上却未做”符合句意。故此题选A。
8.(2020届天津市滨海七所重点学校高三毕业班联考)—
I’m
sorry.
I
shouldn’t
have
been
shouting
at
you.
—
You
________
your
temper
but
that’s
all
right.
A.
have
lost
B.
had
lost
C.
were
losing
D.
did
lose
【答案】D
【解析】考查强调谓语的用法。句意：--对不起，我不应该冲你大声喊叫。--你确实发脾气了但是没关系。分析句子可知，此处强调谓语lost，强调谓语时，可以用do,does,did+动词原形。分析句意可知，此事已经过去了，故应用一般过去时。故应用did
lose。结合选项，故选D。
9.
(2020届天津市和平区高三线下第一次模拟考试)
Poor
Mr.
Perkins
had
to
wait
patiently
until
his
car
was
the
only
one
that
______
in
the
parking
lot.
A.
left
B.
would
leave
C.
was
left
D.
had
been
left
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：可怜的珀金斯先生不得不耐心地等着，直到他的车成为停车场里唯一剩下的车。that引导定语从句，从句中做主语，故从句谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致，先行词是the
only
one，one指代上文提到的car，且car与leave是动宾关系，故用被动语态，排除A、B项；根据上文的had
to
wait
until
his
car
was可推断，leave动作发生在had
to
wait之后，与was时间一致，用一般过去时，故排除D。故选C。
10.
(2020届天津市河东区高三学习检测)Jenny
_______
have
kept
her
word.
I
wonder
why
she
changed
her
mind.
A.
must
B.
should
C.
need
D.
would
【答案】B
【解析】
考查情态动词+have
done。句意：詹妮本应该信守诺言的。我想知道她为什么改变主意。根据后半句I
wonder
why
she
changed
her
mind.可知，詹妮没有信守诺言，should
have
done
sth.“本应该做某事却没做”符合句意。must
have
done过去一定做了；needn’t
have
done本没必要做某事却做了；would
have
done多用于虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设。故选B。
11.
(2020届天津市河东区高三学习检测)One
of
the
minners
_______
underground
for
a
long
time
last
week.
A.
was
trapped
B.
have
trapped
C.
has
trapped
D.
were
trapped
【答案】A
【解析】
考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：上周，其中一名矿工被困在地下很长时间。根据句意可知，此处应该是“被困在地下”，再结合时间状语last
week可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。
12.
(2020届天津市河北区高三一模)According
to
a
newly
released
regulation
on
online
video
services,
no
one
_____
generate,
release
or
spread
fake
news
or
information
by
using
such
technologies.
A.
can
B.
shall
C.
will
D.
may
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：根据最新发行的关于网络视频服务的规章，任何人都不可以使用此类技术生成、发行或者传播虚假消息。A.
can
能够，有时会；B.
shall
一三人称表示征求对方意见；
二三人称陈述句，表示允诺、威胁、恐吓或法律条文的规定。C.
will
意愿；D.
may
也许，可能。根据前面的regulation（规定）可知，本题选shall更加合理。故选B。
13.
(2020届天津市和平区高三线下第一次模拟考试)
There
are
over
50,000
signs
in
modern
Chinese
but
luckily,
Chinese
children
______
learn
all
of
them
for
everyday
purpose.
A.
needn't
B.
mustn't
C.
can't
D.
won't
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：现代汉语中有超过5万种标志，但幸运的是，中国儿童不必学习所有这些标志用于日常目的。A.
needn't不必；B.
mustn't表示禁止；
C.
can't不可能；D.
won't不愿意。根据but
luckily可推断，不必学习如此多的东西，故选A。
14.(2020届天津市滨海七所重点学校高三毕业班联考)Every
coin
has
two
sides.
Beautiful
songs,
sometimes,
________
just
be
noise
to
others.
A.
must
B.
should
C.
may
D.
would
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：任何事物都有两面性。美丽的歌曲，有时候，对别人来说也许是噪音。A.
must一定，表示肯定推测；B.
should应该；C.
may也许，可能；D.
would将会，表示对将来的推测。分析句子可知，此处应该表示可能的推测，“美丽的歌曲，有时候，对别人来说也许是噪音。”。结合选项，故选C。
15.
(2020届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟)—
Do
you
like
your
new
place?
—
Yes,I
do.But
it's
a
little
far
from
my
college,and
the
traffic____________me.
A.
killed
B.
has
killed
C.
had
killed
D.
is
killing
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：——你喜欢你的新地方吗？——是的，但是它离我的大学有点远，交通堵塞得我要命。分析句意可知，表示现在正在发生的事情，用现在进行时。结合选项，故选D。
16.
What
a
pity!
The
parents
could
have
survived
the
earthquake
__________
to
save
their
child.
A.
hadn’t
they
come
back
B.
have
they
come
back
C.
didn’t
they
come
back
D.
did
they
come
back
【答案】A
【解析】考查省略if的条件句。句意：真遗憾!如果不是回来救孩子，这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词为had，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把had置于句首。从句“if
they
hadn’t
come
back”省略if，提前hadn’t，句子写成“hadn’t
they
come
back”。故选A项。
【点睛】
if引导的虚拟条件句，当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。
17.
(2020届天津新高考模拟)You
_________
have
scolded
him
for
his
poor
performance.
After
all,
he
had
done
his
best.
A.
must
B.
should
C.
mustn’t
D.
shouldn't
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词+have
done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是shouldn't
have
done，指做了本不该做的事，故选D。
18．（2020届天津市河西区英语高三二模）My
computer
start
this
morning.
There
must
have
been
something
wrong
with
it.
A．shouldn't
B．wouldn't
C．needn't
D．mustn't
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我的电脑今早怎么也启动不了了。一定是出了什么问题。A.
shouldn’t不应该；B.
wouldn’t不会；C.
needn't不需要；D.
mustn’t禁止，不允许。分析句子，后句提到“一定有什么东西坏了，所以电脑启动不了”。根据情态动词wouldn't表示过去的习惯或反复性的动作。故选B。
19.
(2020届天津市河西区英语高三二模)Delete
the
short
message
at
once!
Many
a
man
______
by
such
tricks
up
to
now.
A.
are
cheated
B.
is
cheated
C.
have
been
cheated
D.
has
been
cheated
【答案】D
【解析】考查现在完成时态的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：立即删除短消息!到目前为止，许多人都被这种把戏欺骗了。句子中Many
a
man作主语，后面的谓语动词用单数形式，且和谓语动词cheat之间构成被动关系，再根据up
to
now，所以句子用现在完成时态的被动语态。故选D。
20.
(2020届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟)—
Were
all
the
articles
of
clothing
for
the
models
carried
to
the
fashion
show?
—
No,_______only
some
of
them.
A.
it
is
B.
it
was
C.
they
are
D.
they
were
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：——模特们的衣服都带到时装秀上了吗？——不，只是其中一些。此空是对上一句的回答，上一句用一般过去时，本空也用一般过去时，本句是强调句型，原句为it
was
only
some
of
them
that
were
carried
to
the
fashion
show，此处省略了that
were
carried
to
the
fashion
show，所以用it
was。故选B项。
21.
What
a
pity!
The
parents
could
have
survived
the
earthquake
__________
to
save
their
child.
A.
hadn’t
they
come
back
B.
have
they
come
back
C.
didn’t
they
come
back
D.
did
they
come
back
【答案】A
【解析】考查省略if的条件句。句意：真遗憾!如果不是回来救孩子，这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词为had，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把had置于句首。从句“if
they
hadn’t
come
back”省略if，提前hadn’t，句子写成“hadn’t
they
come
back”。故选A项。
