Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Recent
studies
have
found
positive
effects.
A
study
conducted
in
Youngstown，Ohio，for
example,
discovered
that
greener
areas
of
the
city
experienced
less
crime.
In
another，employees
were
shown
to
be
15%
more
productive
when
their
workplaces
were
decorated
with
houseplants.
The
engineers
at
the
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology(MIT)have
taken
it
a
step
further
changing
the
actual
composition
of
plants
in
order
to
get
them
to
perform
diverse，even
unusual
functions.
These
include
plants
that
have
sensors
printed
onto
their
leaves
to
show
when
they’re
short
of
water
and
a
plant
that
can
detect
harmful
chemicals
in
groundwater.
＂We’re
thinking
about
how
we
can
engineer
plants
to
replace
functions
of
the
things
that
we
use
every
day,＂explained
Michael
Strano,
a
professor
of
chemical
engineering
at
MIT.
One
of
his
latest
projects
has
been
to
make
plants
glow(发光)in
experiments
using
some
common
vegetables.
Strano’s
team
found
that
they
could
create
a
faint
light
for
three-and-a-half
hours.
The
light，about
one-thousandth
of
the
amount
needed
to
read
by，is
just
a
start.
The
technology,
Strano
said,
could
one
day
be
used
to
light
the
rooms
or
even
to
turn
trees
into
self-powered
street
lamps.
In
the
future，the
team
hopes
to
develop
a
version
of
the
technology
that
can
be
sprayed
onto
plant
leaves
in
a
one-off
treatment
that
would
last
the
plant’s
lifetime.
The
engineers
are
also
trying
to
develop
an
on
and
off＂switch＂where
the
glow
would
fade
when
exposed
to
daylight.
Lighting
accounts
for
about
7%
of
the
total
electricity
consumed
in
the
US.
Since
lighting
is
often
far
removed
from
the
power
source(电源)-such
as
the
distance
from
a
power
plant
to
street
lamps
on
a
remote
highway-a
lot
of
energy
is
lost
during
transmission(传输).Glowing
plants
could
reduce
this
distance
and
therefore
help
save
energy.
1.
What
is
the
first
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.
A
new
study
of
different
plants.
B.
A
big
fall
in
crime
rates.
C.
Employees
from
various
workplaces.
D.
Benefits
from
green
plants.
2.
What
is
the
fun_ction
of
the
sensors
printed
on
plant
leaves
by
MIT
engineer?
A.
To
detect
plants’
lack
of
water
B.
To
change
compositions
of
plants
C.
To
make
the
life
of
plants
longer.
D.
To
test
chemicals
in
plants.
3.
What
can
we
expect
of
the
glowing
plants
in
the
future?
A.
They
will
speed
up
energy
production.
B.
They
may
transmit
electricity
to
the
home.
C.
They
might
help
reduce
energy
consumption.
D.
They
could
take
the
place
of
power
plants.
4.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Can
we
grow
more
glowing
plants?
B.
How
do
we
live
with
glowing
plants?
C.
Could
glowing
plants
replace
lamps?
D.
How
are
glowing
plants
made
pollution-free?
3.
【2020·全国卷II，B】
Some
parents
will
buy
any
high-tech
toy
if
they
think
it
will
help
their
child,
but
researchers
said
puzzles
help
children
with
math-related
skills.
Psychologist
Susan
Levine,
an
expert
on
mathematics
development
in
young
children
the
University
of
Chicago,
found
children
who
play
with
puzzles
between
ages
2
and
4
later
develop
better
spatial
skills.
Puzzle
play
was
found
to
be
a
significant
predictor
of
cognition(认知)
after
controlling
for
differences
in
parents’
income,
education
and
the
amount
of
parent
talk,
Levine
said.
The
researchers
analyzed
video
recordings
of
53
child-parent
pairs
during
everyday
activities
at
home
and
found
children
who
play
with
puzzles
between
26
and
46
months
of
age
have
better
spatial
skills
when
assessed
at
54
months
of
age.
“The
children
who
played
with
puzzles
performed
better
than
those
who
did
not,
on
tasks
that
assessed
their
ability
to
rotate(旋转)and
translate
shapes,”
Levine
said
in
a
statement.
The
parents
were
asked
to
interact
with
their
children
as
they
normally
would,
and
about
half
of
children
in
the
study
played
with
puzzles
at
one
time.
Higher-income
parents
tended
to
have
children
play
with
puzzles
more
frequently,
and
both
boys
and
girls
who
played
with
puzzles
had
better
spatial
skills.
However,
boys
tended
to
play
with
more
complex
puzzles
than
girls,
and
the
parents
of
boys
provided
more
spatial
language
and
were
more
active
during
puzzle
play
than
parents
of
girls.
The
findings
were
published
in
the
journal
Developmental
Science.
1.
In
which
aspect
do
children
benefit
from
puzzle
play?
A.
Building
confidence.
B.
Developing
spatial
skills.
C.
Learning
self-control.
D.
Gaining
high-tech
knowledge.
2.
What
did
Levine
take
into
consideration
when
designing
her
experiment？
A.
Parents’
age.
B.
Children’s
imagination.
C.
Parents’
education.
D.
Child-parent
relationship.
3.
How
do
boy
differ
from
girls
in
puzzle
play?
A.
They
play
with
puzzles
more
often.
B.
They
tend
to
talk
less
during
the
game.
C.
They
prefer
to
use
more
spatial
language.
D.
They
are
likely
to
play
with
tougher
puzzles.
4.
What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A.
A
mathematical
method.
B.
A
scientific
study.
C.
A
woman
psychologist
D.
A
teaching
program.
4.
【2020·全国卷II，C】
When
you
were
trying
to
figure
out
what
to
buy
for
the
environmentalist
on
your
holiday
list,
fur
probably
didn’t
cross
your
mind.
But
some
ecologists
and
fashion
(时装)enthusiasts
are
trying
to
bring
back
the
market
for
fur
made
from
nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn
have(showcased)nutria
fur
made
into
clothes
in
different
styles.
“It
sounds
crazy
to
talk
about
guilt-free
fur-unless
you
understand
that
the
nutria
are
destroying
vast
wetlands
every
year”,
says
Cree
McCree,
project
director
of
Righteous
Fur.
Scientists
in
Louisiana
were
so
concerned
that
they
decided
to
pay
hunters
$5
a
tail.
Some
of
the
fur
ends
up
in
the
fashion
shows
like
the
one
in
Brooklyn
last
month.
Nutria
were
brought
there
from
Argentina
by
fur
farmers
and
let
go
into
the
wild.
“The
ecosystem
down
there
can’t
handle
this
non-native
species(物种).It’s
destroying
the
environment.
It’s
them
or
us.”
says
Michael
Massimi,
an
expert
in
this
field.
The
fur
trade
kept
nutria
check
for
decades，but
when
the
market
for
nutria
collapsed
in
the
late
1980s，the
cat-sized
animals
multiplied
like
crazy.
Biologist
Edmond
Mouton
runs
the
nutria
control
program
for
Louisiana.
He
says
it’s
not
easy
to
convince
people
that
nutria
fur
is
green,
but
he
has
no
doubt
about
it.
Hunters
bring
in
more
than
300,000
nutria
tails
a
year,
so
part
of
Mouton’s
job
these
days
is
trying
to
promote
fur.
Then
there’s
Righteous
Fur
and
its
unusual
fashion.
Model
Paige
Morgan
says，”To
give
people
a
guilt-free
option
that
they
can
wear
without
someone
throwing
paint
on
them-1
think
that’s
going
to
be
a
massive
thing,
at
least
here
in
New
York.”
Designer
Jennifer
Anderson
admits
it
took
her
a
while
to
come
around
to
the
opinion
that
using
nutria
fur
for
her
creations
is
morally
acceptable.
She
trying
to
come
up
with
a
lable
to
attach
to
nutria
fashions
to
show
it
is
eco-friendly.
28.
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
fashion
shows
in
New
Orleans
and
Brooklyn?
A.
To
promote
guilt-free
fur.
B.
To
expand
the
fashion
market.
C.
To
introduce
a
new
brand.
D.
To
celebrate
a
winter
holiday.
29.
Why
are
scientists
concerned
about
nutria?
A.
Nutria
damage
the
ecosystem
seriously.
B.
Nutria
are
an
endangered
species.
C.
Nutria
hurt
local
cat-sized
animals.
D.
Nutria
are
illegally
hunted.
30.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“collapsed”
in
paragraph
5
probably
mean?
A.
Boomed.
B.
Became
mature.
C.
Remained
stable.
D.
Crashed.
31.
What
can
we
infer
abouf
wearing
fur
in
New
York
according
to
Morgan?
A.
It’s
formal.
B.
It’s
risky.
C.
It’s
harmful.
D.
It’s
traditional.
5.
【2020·全国卷III，D】
We
are
the
products
of
evolution,
and
not
just
evolution
that
occurred
billions
of
years
ago.
As
scientists
look
deeper
into
our
genes(基因),
they
are
finding
examples
of
human
evolution
in
just
the
past
few
thousand
years.
People
in
Ethiopian
highlands
have
adapted
to
living
at
high
altitudes.
Cattle
-raising
people
in
East
Africa
and
northern
Europe
have
gained
a
mutation
(突变)
that
helps
them
digest
milk
as
adults.
On
Thursday
in
an
article
published
in
Cell,
a
team
of
researchers
reported
a
new
kind
of
adaptation
—
not
to
air
or
to
food,
but
to
the
ocean.
A
group
of
sea-dwelling
people
in
Southeast
Asia
have
evolved
into
better
divers.
The
Bajau,
as
these
people
are
known,
number
in
the
hundreds
of
thousands
in
Indonesia,
Malaysia
and
the
Philippines.
They
have
traditionally
lived
on
houseboats;
in
recent
times,
they’ve
also
built
houses
on
stilts
(支柱)
in
coastal
waters.
“They
are
simply
a
stranger
to
the
land,”
said
Redney
C.
Jubilado,
a
University
of
Hawaii
researcher
who
studies
the
Bajau.
Dr.
Jubilado
first
met
the
Bajau
while
growing
up
on
Samal
Island
in
the
Philippines.
They
made
a
living
as
divers,
spearfishing
or
harvesting
shellfish.
“We
were
so
amazed
that
they
could
stay
underwater
much
longer
than
us
local
islanders,”
Dr.
Jubilado
said.
“I
could
see
them
actually
walking
under
the
sea.”
In2015,
Melissa
Ilardo,
then
a
graduate
student
in
genetics
at
the
University
of
Copenhagen,
heard
about
the
Bajau.
She
wondered
if
centuries
of
diving
could
have
led
to
the
evolution
of
physical
characteristics
that
made
the
task
easier
for
them.
“it
seemed
like
the
perfect
chance
for
natural
selection
to
act
on
a
population,”
said
Dr.
Ilardo.
She
also
said
there
were
likely
a
number
of
other
genes
that
help
the
Bajau
dive.
32.
What
does
the
author
want
to
tell
us
by
the
examples
in
paragraph
1?
A.
Environmental
adaptation
of
cattle
raisers.
B.
New
knowledge
of
human
evolution.
C.
Recent
findings
of
human
origin.
D.
Significance
of
food
selection.
33.
Where
do
the
Bajau
build
their
houses?
A.
In
valleys.
B.
Near
rivers.
C.
On
the
beach.
D.
Off
the
coast.
34.
Why
was
the
young
Jubilado
astonished
at
the
Bajau?
A.
They
could
walk
on
stilts
all
day.
B.
They
had
a
superb
way
of
fishing.
C.
They
could
stay
long
underwater.
D.
They
lived
on
both
land
and
water.
35.
What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.
Bodies
Remodeled
for
a
Life
at
Sea
B.
Highlanders’
Survival
Skills
C.
Basic
Methods
of
Genetic
Research
D.
The
World’s
Best
Divers
5.
【2020·山东卷，D】
According
to
a
recent
study
in
the
Journal
of
Consumer
Research,
both
the
size
and
consumption
habits
of
our
eating
companions
can
influence
our
food
intake.
And
contrary
to
existing
research
that
says
you
should
avoid
eating
with
heavier
people
who
order
large
portions(份),
it's
the
beanpoles
with
big
appetites
you
really
need
to
avoid.
To
test
the
effect
of
social
influence
on
eating
habits,
the
researchers
conducted
two
experiments.
In
the
first,
95
undergraduate
women
were
individually
invited
into
a
lab
to
ostensibly(表面上)participate
in
a
study
about
movie
viewership.
Before
the
film
began,
each
woman
was
asked
to
help
herself
to
a
snack.
An
actor
hired
by
the
researchers
grabbed
her
food
first.
In
her
natural
state,
the
actor
weighed
105
pounds.
But
in
half
the
cases
she
wore
a
specially
designed
fat
suit
which
increased
her
weight
to
180
pounds.
Both
the
fat
and
thin
versions
of
the
actor
took
a
large
amount
of
food.
The
participants
followed
suit,
taking
more
food
than
they
normally
would
have.
However,
they
took
significantly
more
when
the
actor
was
thin.
For
the
second
test,
in
one
case
the
thin
actor
took
two
pieces
of
candy
from
the
snack
bowls.
In
the
other
case,
she
took
30
pieces.
The
results
were
similar
to
the
first
test:
the
participants
followed
suit
but
took
significantly
more
candy
when
the
thin
actor
took
30
pieces.
The
tests
show
that
the
social
environment
is
extremely
influential
when
we're
making
decisions.
If
this
fellow
participant
is
going
to
eat
more,
so
will
I.
Call
it
the
“I’ll
have
what
she's
having”
effect.
However,
we'll
adjust
the
influence.
If
an
overweight
person
is
having
a
large
portion,
I'll
hold
back
a
bit
because
I
see
the
results
of
his
eating
habits.
But
if
a
thin
person
eats
a
lot,
I'll
follow
suit.
If
he
can
eat
much
and
keep
slim,
why
can't
I?
12.
What
is
the
recent
study
mainly
about?
A.
Food
safety.
B.
Movie
viewership.
C.
Consumer
demand.
D.
Eating
behavior.
13.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“beanpoles”
in
paragraph
1
refer
to?
A.
Big
eaters.
B.
Overweight
persons.
C.
Picky
eaters.
D.
Tall
thin
persons.
14.
Why
did
the
researchers
hire
the
actor?
A.
To
see
how
she
would
affect
the
participants.
B.
To
test
if
the
participants
could
recognize
her.
C.
To
find
out
what
she
would
do
in
the
two
tests.
D.
To
study
why
she
could
keep
her
weight
down.
15.
On
what
basis
do
we
“adjust
the
influence”
according
to
the
last
paragraph?
A.
How
hungry
we
are.
B.
How
slim
we
want
to
be.
C.
How
we
perceive
others.
D.
How
we
feel
about
the
food.
议论文
1.
【2020·天津卷，D】
After
years
of
observing
human
nature,
I
have
decided
that
two
qualities
make
the
difference
between
men
of
great
achievement
and
men
of
average
performance
curiosity
and
discontent.
I
have
never
known
an
outstanding
man
who
lacked
either.
And
I
have
never
known
an
average
man
who
had
both.
The
two
belong
together.
Together,
these
deep
human
urges
(驱策力)
count
for
much
more
that
ambition.
Galileo
was
not
merely
ambitious
when
he
dropped
objects
of
varying
weights
from
the
Leaning
Tower
at
Pisa
and
timed
their
fall
to
the
ground.
Like
Galileo,
all
the
great
names
in
history
were
curious
and
asked
in
discontent,
“Why?
Why?
Why?”
Fortunately,
curiosity
and
discontent
don’t
have
to
be
learned.
We
are
born
with
them
and
need
only
recapture
them.
“The
great
man,”
said
Mencius
(孟子),
“is
he
who
does
not
lose
his
child’s
heart.”
Yet
most
of
us
do
lose
it.
We
stop
asking
questions.
We
stop
challenging
custom.
We
just
follow
the
crowd.
And
the
crowd
desires
restful
average.
It
encourages
us
to
occupy
our
own
little
corner,
to
avoid
foolish
leaps
into
the
dark,
to
be
satisfied.
Most
of
us
meet
new
people,
and
new
ideas,
with
hesitation.
But
once
having
met
and
liked
them,
we
think
how
terrible
it
would
have
been,
had
we
missed
the
chance.
We
will
probably
have
to
force
ourselves
to
waken
our
curiosity
and
discontent
and
keep
them
awake.
How
should
you
start?
Modestly,
so
as
not
to
become
discouraged.
I
think
of
one
friend
who
couldn’t
arrange
flowers
to
satisfy
herself.
She
was
curious
about
how
the
experts
did
it.
How
she
is
one
of
the
experts,
writing
books
on
flower
arrangement.
One
way
to
begin
is
to
answer
your
own
excuses.
You
haven’t
any
special
ability?
Most
people
don’t;
there
are
only
a
few
geniuses.
You
haven’t
any
time?
That’s
good,
because
it’s
always
the
people
with
no
time
who
get
things
done.
Harriet
Stowe,
mother
of
six,
wrote
parts
of
Uncle
Tom’s
Cabin
while
cooking.
You’re
too
old?
Remember
that
Thomas
Costain
was
57
when
he
published
his
first
novel,
and
that
Grandma
Moses
showed
her
first
pictures
when
she
was
78.
However
you
start,
remember
there
is
no
better
time
to
start
than
right
now,
for
you’ll
never
be
more
alive
than
you
are
at
this
moment.
51.
In
writing
Paragraph
1,
the
author
aims
to
________.
A.
propose
a
definition
B.
make
a
comparison
C.
reach
a
conclusion
D.
present
an
argument
52.
What
does
the
example
of
Galileo
tell
us?
A.
Trial
and
error
leads
to
the
finding
of
truth.
B.
Scientists
tend
to
be
curious
and
ambitious.
C.
Creativity
results
from
challenging
authority.
D.
Greatness
comes
from
a
lasting
desire
to
explore.
53.
What
can
you
do
to
recapture
curiosity
and
discontent?
A.
Observe
the
unknown
around
you.
B.
Develop
a
questioning
mind.
C.
Lead
a
life
of
adventure.
D.
Follow
the
fashion.
54.
What
can
we
learn
from
Paragraphs
6
and
7?
A.
Gaining
success
helps
you
become
an
expert.
B.
The
genius
tends
to
get
things
done
creatively.
C.
Lack
of
talent
and
time
is
no
reason
for
taking
no
action.
D.
You
should
remain
modest
when
approaching
perfection.
55.
What
could
be
the
best
tile
or
the
passage?
A.
Curious
Minds
Never
Feel
Contented
B.
Reflections
on
Human
Nature
C.
The
Keys
to
Achievement
D.
Never
Too
Late
to
Learn
2.
【2020·江苏卷，D】
I
was
in
the
middle
of
the
Amazon
(亚马逊)
with
my
wife,
who
was
there
as
a
medical
researcher.
We
flew
on
a
small
plane
to
a
faraway
village.
We
did
not
speak
the
local
language,
did
not
know
the
customs,
and
more
often
than
not,
did
not
entirely
recognize
the
food.
We
could
not
have
felt
more
foreign.
We
were
raised
on
books
and
computers,
highways
and
cell
phones,
but
now
we
were
living
in
a
village
without
running
water
or
electricity.
It
was
easy
for
us
to
go
to
sleep
at
the
end
of
the
day
feeling
a
little
misunderstood.
Then
one
perfect
Amazonian
evening,
with
monkeys
calling
from
beyond
the
village
green,
we
played
soccer.
I
am
not
good
at
soccer,
but
that
evening
it
was
wonderful.
Everyone
knew
the
rules.
We
all
spoke
the
same
language
of
passes
and
shots.
We
understood
one
another
perfectly.
As
darkness
came
over
the
field
and
the
match
ended,
the
goal
keeper,
Juan,
walked
over
to
me
and
said
in
a
matter-of-fact
way,
“In
your
home,
do
you
have
a
moon
too?”
I
was
surprised.
After
I
explained
to
Juan
that
yes,
we
did
have
a
moon
and
yes,
it
was
very
similar
to
his,
I
felt
a
sort
of
awe
(敬畏)
at
the
possibilities
that
existed
in
his
world.
In
Juan’s
world,
each
village
could
have
its
own
moon.
In
Juan’s
world,
the
unknown
and
undiscovered
was
vast
and
marvelous.
Anything
was
possible.
In
our
society,
we
know
that
Earth
has
only
one
moon.
We
have
looked
at
our
planet
from
every
angle
and
found
all
of
the
wildest
things
left
to
find.
I
can,
from
my
computer
at
home,
pull
up
satellite
images
of
Juan’s
village.
There
are
no
more
continents
and
no
more
moons
to
search
for,
little
left
to
discover.
At
least
it
seems
that
way.
Yet,
as
I
thought
about
Juan’s
question,
I
was
not
sure
how
much
more
we
could
really
rule
out.
I
am,
in
part,
an
ant
biologist,
so
my
thoughts
turned
to
what
we
know
about
insect
life
and
I
knew
that
much
in
the
world
of
insects
remains
unknown.
How
much,
though?
How
ignorant(无知的)
are
we?
The
question
of
what
we
know
and
do
not
know
constantly
bothered
me.
I
began
collecting
newspaper
articles
about
new
species,
new
monkey,
new
spider…,
and
on
and
on
they
appear.
My
drawer
quickly
filled.
I
began
a
second
drawer
for
more
general
discoveries:
new
cave
system
discovered
with
dozens
of
nameless
species,
four
hundred
species
of
bacteria
found
in
the
human
stomach.
The
second
drawer
began
to
fill
and
as
it
did
I
wondered
whether
there
were
bigger
discoveries
out
there,
not
just
species,
but
life
that
depends
on
things
thought
to
be
useless,
life
even
without
DNA.
I
started
a
third
drawer
for
these
big
discoveries.
It
fills
more
slowly,
but
all
the
same,
it
fills.
In
looking
into
the
stories
of
biological
discovery,
I
also
began
to
find
something
else,
a
collection
of
scientists,
usually
brilliant
occasionally
half-mad,
who
made
the
discoveries.
Those
scientists
very
often
see
the
same
things
that
other
scientists
see,
but
they
pay
more
attention
to
them,
and
they
focus
on
them
to
the
point
of
exhaustion
(穷尽),
and
at
the
risk
of
the
ridicule
of
their
peers.
In
looking
for
the
stories
of
discovery,
I
found
the
stories
of
these
people
and
how
their
lives
changed
our
view
of
the
world.
We
are
repeatedly
willing
to
imagine
we
have
found
most
of
what
is
left
to
discover.
We
used
to
think
that
insects
were
the
smallest
organisms
(生物),
and
that
nothing
lived
deeper
than
six
hundred
meters.
Yet,
when
something
new
turns
up,
more
often
than
not,
we
do
not
even
know
its
name.
65.
How
did
the
author
feel
on
his
arrival
in
the
Amazon?
A.
Out
of
place.
B.
Full
of
joy.
C.
Sleepy.
D.
Regretful.
66.
What
made
that
Amazonian
evening
wonderful?
A.
He
learned
more
about
the
local
language.
B.
They
had
a
nice
conversation
with
each
other.
C.
They
understood
each
other
while
playing.
D.
He
won
the
soccer
game
with
the
goal
keeper.
67.
Why
was
the
author
surprised
at
Juan’s
question
about
the
moon?
A.
The
question
was
too
straightforward.
B.
Juan
knew
so
little
about
the
world.
C.
The
author
didn’t
know
how
to
answer.
D.
The
author
didn’t
think
Juan
was
sincere.
68.
What
was
the
author’s
initial
purpose
of
collecting
newspaper
articles?
A.
To
sort
out
what
we
have
known.
B.
To
deepen
his
research
into
Amazonians.
C.
To
improve
his
reputation
as
a
biologist.
D.
To
learn
more
about
local
cultures.
69.
How
did
those
brilliant
scientists
make
great
discoveries?
A.
They
shifted
their
viewpoints
frequently.
B.
They
followed
other
scientists
closely.
C.
They
often
criticized
their
fellow
scientists.
D.
They
conducted
in-depth
and
close
studies.
70.
What
could
be
the
most
suitable
title
for
the
passage?
A.
The
Possible
and
the
Impossible
.
B.
The
Known
and
the
Unknown
.
C.
The
Civilized
and
the
Uncivilized
.
D.
The
Ignorant
and
the
Intelligent.
二、2020届模拟题
说明文
一、2020届云南省昆明市第一中学高三第六次考前基础强化
Explorers
started
making
navigation
(导航)
charts
showing
how
wide
the
ocean
was
more
than
500
years
ago.
But
it’s
much
harder
to
calculate
how
deep
it
is.
In
1872
the
HMS
Challenger,
a
British
Navy
ship,
set
sail
to
learn
about
the
ocean,
including
its
depth.
It
carried
181
miles
(291
kilometers)
of
rope
to
measure
the
depth
of
the
ocean.
During
their
four-year
voyage,
the
Challenger
crew
collected
samples
of
rocks,
mud
and
animals
from
many
different
areas
of
the
ocean.
They
also
found
one
of
the
deepest
zones,
in
the
western
Pacific,
the
Mariana
Trench
which
stretches
for
1,580
miles
(2,540
kilometers).
Today
scientists
know
that
on
average
the
ocean
is
2.3
miles
(3.7
kilometers)
deep,
but
many
parts
are
much
shallower
or
deeper.
To
measure
depth
they
use
sonar,
which
stands
for
Sound
Navigation
And
Ranging.
A
ship
sends
out
pulses
of
sound
energy
and
measures
depth
based
on
how
quickly
the
sound
travels
back.
Ocean
scientists
like
me
study
the
sea
floor
because
it
helps
us
better
measure
the
ocean.
Our
planet’s
outer,
layer
is
made
of
tectonic
plates.
The
Hawaiian-Emperor
Seamount
chain,
a
line
of
peaks
on
the
ocean
floor,
was
created
when
a
tectonic
plate
moved
over
a
spot
where
hot
rock
welled
up
from
deep
inside
the
Earth.
When
two
tectonic
plates
move
away
from
each
other
underwater,
new
material
rises
up
into
Earths
layer.
This
process,
which
creates
new
ocean
floor,
is
called
seafloor
spreading.
Sometimes
super-hot
liquids
from
inside
the
Earth
shoot
up
through
cracks
in
the
ocean
floor
called
hydrothermal
vents.
Amazing
fish,
shellfish,
tube
worms
and
other
life
forms
live
in
these
zones.
Between
the
creation
and
destruction
of
ocean
plates,
sediments
(沉淀物)
collect
on
the
sea
floor
and
provide
an
archive
of
Earth’s
history,
the
evolution
of
climate
and
life
that
is
available
nowhere
else.
1．Why
did
the
HMS
Challenger
make
the
voyage?
A．To
test
navigation.
B．To
calculate
the
age
of
the
ocean.
C．To
explore
the
ocean.
D．To
do
research
into
Mariana
Trench.
2．How
do
scientists
know
the
depth
of
the
ocean?
A．By
measuring
it
with
ropes.
B．By
studying
samples
of
rocks
and
mud.
C．By
analyzing
the
habitats
of
the
animals.
D．By
studying
the
returning
speed
of
the
sound.
3．What
is
the
fourth
paragraph
mainly
about?
A．Certain
changes
of
the
sea
floor.
B．The
layers
that
make
up
the
Earth.
C．The
way
that
a
volcano
comes
into
being.
D．Some
definitions
of
the
seafloor
spreading.
4．What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A．How
Deep
Is
the
Ocean?
B．How
Is
the
Ocean
Studied?
C．Ocean:
An
Unknown
World
D．Nature:
A
Place
for
Wildlife
二、2020届山东省威海市文登区高三下学期一轮总复习
Recently,
researchers
at
the
University
of
Toronto
figured
out
a
way
with
a
quick
video
selfie
to
accurately
measure
blood
pressure
with
your
smartphone’s
camera
by
developing
a
technology
known
as
transdermal
optical
imaging
(TOI)(透皮光学成像).
Cameras
on
smartphones
can
catch
red
light
reflected
from
hemoglobin
(血红素）under
our
skin,
which
permits
TOI
to
visualize
and
measure
blood
flow
changes.
Researchers
measured
the
blood
pressure
of
1,328
Canadian
and
Chinese
adults
by
getting
two-minute
videos
of
their
faces
on
an
iPhone.
“From
the
video
got
by
the
technology,
you
can
see
how
the
blood
flows
in
different
parts
of
the
face
and
through
this
flow,
you
can
get
a
lot
of
information,”
said
Kang
Lee,
lead
author
of
the
study.
Lee
also
helped
create
an
app
called
Anura,
which
allows
people
to
try
out
the
TOI
software
for
themselves,
giving
them
the
ability
to
record
a
30-second
video
of
their
face
and
receive
measurements
for
stress
levels
and
resting
heart
rate.
Lee
said
more
research
was
needed
to
make
sure
that
the
measurements
were
as
accurate
as
possible,
explaining
that
the
study
didn’t
test
people
with
very
dark
or
very
fair
skin.
“In
order
to
improve
our
app
to
make
it
usable,
particularly
for
people
with
hypertension
(高血压)，we
need
to
collect
a
lot
of
data
from
them,
which
is
very
hard
because
a
lot
of
them
are
already
taking
medicine,”
Lee
explained.
“We
cannot
tell
them
not
to
take
medicine,
but
from
time
to
time,
we
get
participants
who
don’t
take
medicine
so
we
can
get
hypertensive
people
this
way.”
The
scientists
said
there
were
many
potential
applications
of
the
technology,
including
providing
health
services
for
those
who
lived
in
remote
areas.
5．What
is
mainly
talked
about
in
Paragraph
2？
A．Information
offered
by
TOI.
B．New
findings
on
hypertension.
C．How
TOI
is
put
into
smart
phones.
D．How
the
TOI
technology
works.
6．What
might
people
benefit
from
the
new
technology
mentioned
above?
A．Living
a
life
free
from
stress.
B．Improving
the
heart
fun_ction
gradually.
C．Accessing
health
services
for
free.
D．Knowing
abnormal
blood
pressure
earlier.
7．What
can
be
done
for
a
better
Anura?
A．Equipping
phones
with
better
cameras.
B．Allowing
phones
to
record
longer
videos.
C．Collecting
data
from
more
diverse
samples.
D．Persuading
participants
not
to
take
medicine.
8．Why
does
the
author
write
this
text?
A．To
predict
future
applications
of
TOI.
B．To
introduce
TOI
and
an
app
related.
C．To
describe
functions
of
cameras
on
phones.
D．To
evaluate
the
quality
of
an
app
called
Anura.
三、2020届浙江省舟山中学高三高考仿真模拟考试
Summer
is
here,
and
with
it
comes
a
chance
you'll
get
too
much
sun.
While
there's
no
cure
for
sunburn,
a
small
but
fascinating
new
study
suggests
taking
large
amounts
of
vitamin
D
after
exposure
may
prevent
the
associated
redness
and
inflammation
(发炎).
In
the
paper,
researchers
exposed
20
volunteers
to
a
light
resembling
solar
radiation
to
induce
a
sunburn
on
a
small
piece
of
skin.
They
then
gave
the
''burn
victims''
large
amounts
of
vitamin
D,
and
followed
up
with
participants
one,
two
and
three
days
(and
a
week)
later
to
measure
skin
redness
and
thickness.
The
researchers
found
that
vitamin
D
decreased
inflammation
and
redness,
compared
with
taking
a
placebo
(安慰剂).
And
this
effect
increased
in
proportion
to
how
much
was
consumed.
Vitamin
D
also
appears
to
increase
the
activity
of
a
gene
called
arginase-1,
which
is
involved
in
tissue
repair
and
healing.
Taking
50,
000
international
units
(IU)
of
vitamin
D--125
times
the
recommended
daily
allowance-led
to
a
significant
reduction
in
redness
and
inflammation,
compared
with
the
placebo.
Those
who
took
100,000
IU
had
even
less
redness
and
pain;
and
those
who
took
200,
000
IU
had
the
greatest
reduction
in
inflammation.
This
is
the
first
study
to
show
vitamin
D
can
reduce
inflammation,
and
suggests
that
it
''could
potentially
help
prevent
sunburn,
''
says
senior
author
Kurt
Lu,
a
physician
scientist
and
assistant
professor
at
Case
Western
Reserve
University.
It
used
to
be
thought
vitamin
D
was
primarily
involved
in
building
healthy
bones
and
muscles,
but
recent
research
has
found
it
has
many
more
roles,
including
influencing
inflammation,
such
as
the
kind
associated
with
sunburns.
So,
if
you
get
burned,
should
you
take
a
lot
of
vitamin
D?
The
study
authors
don't
recommend
it.
''I
think
that's
probably
not
a
good
idea
and
not
well
established
by
this
study,
''
says
Barbara
Gilchrest,
a
physician
scientist
at
Massachusetts
General
Hospital.
Such
large
amounts,
if
taken
repeatedly,
have
the
potential
to
cause
vitamin
D
toxicity
(毒性).
9．What
does
this
passage
mainly
talk
about?
A．An
unusual
method
for
relieving
sunburn.
B．Tips
for
how
to
travel
safely
in
summer.
C．A
suggestion
on
taking
vitamin
D
properly.
D．Advice
on
how
to
take
medicine
effectively.
10．How
do
the
researchers
confirm
the
healing
effect
of
taking
vitamin
D?
A．By
observing
the
inflammation
of
skin
every
day.
B．By
measuring
the
thickness
of
skin
after
a
week.
C．By
increasing
the
daily
volume
of
vitamin
D．By
comparing
the
effect
with
that
of
placebo.
11．Figures
are
used
in
paragraph
2
in
order
to
______.
A．recommend
the
daily
intake
B．argue
against
the
benefits
of
more
Vitamin
D
C．show
the
more
Vitamin
D,
the
greater
benefits
D．stress
the
potential
danger
of
too
much
Vitamin
D
12．What
can
be
inferred
about
the
fun_ction
of
vitamin
D?
A．Repeatedly
taking
large
amounts
of
Vitamin
D
is
beneficial.
B．Vitamin
D
may
bring
more
advantages
to
us
than
what
has
been
found
out.
C．Don't
take
vitamin
D
unless
your
doctor
approves
you
to
do
it.
D．Vitamin
D
is
more
useful
for
curing
sunburn
than
building
healthy
bones.
四、2020届安徽师范大学附属中学高三6月第十次模拟
What
do
the
random,
scribbled
(潦草的)drawings
crowding
the
margins
(页边空白处)
of
most
high
school
students'
papers
mean?
When
a
student
is
caught
doodling
(乱画)
in
class,
he
will
probably
be
criticized
for
daydreaming.
But
doodling
while
listening
can
help
with
remembering
details,
rather
than
implying
that
the
mind
is
wandering,
according
to
a
study
published
in
the
scientific
journal
Applied
Cognitive
Psychology.
In
an
experiment
conducted
by
the
Medical
Research
Council’s
Cognition
and
Brain
Sciences
Unit
in
Cambridge,
40
subjects
were
asked
to
listen
to
a
two-minute
tape
giving
several
names
of
people
and
places.
Half
of
the
participants
were
asked
to
shade
in
shapes
on
a
piece
of
paper
at
the
same
time,
without
paying
attention
to
neatness,
while
the
rest
were
given
no
such
instructions.
After
the
tape
had
finished,
all
participants
in
the
study
were
asked
to
recall
the
names
of
people
and
places.
The
doodlers
recalled
on
average
7.5
names
of
people
and
places,
compared
to
only
5.8
by
the
non-doodlers.
“If
someone
is
doing
a
boring
task,
like
listening
to
a
dull
telephone
conversation,
they
may
start
to
daydream.”
said
study
researcher,
Professor
Jackie
Andrade,
of
the
School
of
Psychology,
University
of
Plymouth.
“Daydreaming
distracts
them
from
the
task,
resulting
in
poorer
performance.
A
simple
task,
like
doodling,
may
be
sufficient
(足够的)
to
stop
daydreaming
without
affecting
performance
on
the
main
task.”
“In
psychology,
tests
of
memory
or
attention
will
often
use
a
second
task
to
selectively
block
a
particular
mental
process.
If
that
process
is
important
for
the
main
task,
then
performance
will
be
impaired.
But
my
research
suggests
that
in
everyday
life
doodling
may
be
something
we
do
because
it
helps
to
keep
us
on
track
with
a
boring
task,
rather
than
being
an
unnecessary
distraction
(分心)
that
we
should
try
to
resist
doing.”
said
Andrade.
Dan
Ware,
a
social
study
teacher,
used
to
consider
doodling
a
distraction
from
learning,
but
after
teaching
kids
with
all
personality
types
he
learned
scribbling
away
during
lectures
helps
certain
students
remember
more
information.
“In
my
first
few
years
of
teaching,
I
thought,
‘Well,
this
kid
isn’t
paying
attention.
He’s
daydreaming.’
But
I
had
some
really
powerful
experiences
with
students
and
came
to
understand
in
many
cases
that
was
their
way
of
focusing,
and
those
students
were
probably
paying
more
attention
than
other
students.”
Ware
said.
13．What
do
we
know
about
the
participants
involved
in
the
experiment?
A．Some
were
asked
to
note
down
the
information
neatly.
B．Some
were
asked
to
memorize
the
names
they
would
hear.
C．Some
were
instructed
to
listen
to
the
tape
with
full
attention.
D．Some
were
instructed
to
make
random
drawings
on
paper.
14．What
does
the
underlined
word
“impaired”
in
paragraph
4
refer
to?
A．Improved.
B．Weakened.
C．Stopped.
D．Repaired.
15．Which
of
the
following
will
both
Jackie
Andrade
and
Dan
Ware
agree
with?
A．Doodling
helps
some
people
focus.
B．Doodling
makes
a
dull
task
interesting.
C．Students
who
doodle
perform
poorly.
D．Students
who
doodle
lack
concentration.
16．What
is
the
best
title
of
the
text?
A．Daydreaming
Can
Sharpen
Study
Skills
B．Doodling
Can
Help
Memory
Recall
C．A
Wandering
Mind
Improves
Productivity
D．Distractions
Harm
Academic
Performance
议论文
2020届山东省威海市文登区高三下学期一轮总复习
America’s
first
transcontinental
railroad,
completed
150
years
ago
today
at
Promontory
Summit
in
Utah,
connected
the
vast
United
States
and
brought
America
into
the
modern
age.
Chinese
immigrants
contributed
greatly
to
this
notable
achievement,
but
the
historical
accounts
that
followed
often
ignored
their
role.
Between
1863
and
1869,
as
many
as
20,000
Chinese
workers
helped
build
the
dangerous
western
part
of
the
railroad,
a
winding
ribbon
of
track
known
as
the
Central
Pacific.
At
first,
the
Central
Pacific
Railroad’s
directors
wanted
a
whites-only
workforce.
When
not
enough
white
men
signed
up,
the
railroad
began
hiring
Chinese
men
for
the
backbreaking
labor.
Company
leaders
were
skeptical
of
the
new
recruits’
ability
to
do
the
work,
but
they
proved
themselves
not
only
capable
but
even
superior
to
the
other
workers.
Chinese
workers
cut
through
dense
forests,
filled
deep
narrow
steep-sided
valley,
constructed
long
trestles(高架桥)
and
built
enormous
retaining
walls(防护墙)
--
some
of
which
remain
complete
and
undamaged
today.
All
work
was
done
by
hand
using
carts,
shovels
and
picks
but
no
machinery.
However,
progress
came
at
great
cost:
an
estimated
1,200
Chinese
laborers
died
along
the
Central
Pacific
route.
Despite
these
facts,
Chinese
workers
were
often
left
out
of
the
official
story
because
of
their
identity
of
foreigners.
On
the
transcontinental
railroad's
100th
birthday,
the
Chinese
workers
were
still
not
honored.
It
was
another
fifty
years
later
that
their
role
was
gradually
highlighted.
To
celebrate
the
railroad’s
150th
anniversary
in
2019,
the
California
assembly
passed
a
resolution
in
2017
to
recognize
and
honor
the
Chinese
railroad
workers
by
designating
May
10,
2017,
and
every
May
10
thereafter,
as
California
Chinese
Railroad
Workers
Memorial
Day.
1．What
might
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A．The
Birth
of
the
Central
Pacific
Cost
Dearly
B．May
10--A
Special
Day
for
Chinese
Immigrants
C．Chinese
Workers’
Contributions
Gained
Recognition
D．The
150th
anniversary
of
the
Central
Pacific
Railroad
2．What
does
“they”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to?
A．Chinese
laborers.
B．White
workers.
C．Company
leaders.
D．Railroad
directors.
3．Why
does
the
author
make
such
detailed
descriptions
in
Paragraph
3?
A．To
prove
Chinese
workers’
superior
skills.
B．To
stress
the
danger
and
difficulty
of
the
work.
C．To
describe
the
grand
scenery
along
the
railroad.
D．To
show
notable
achievements
made
by
Chinese
workers.
4．What
does
the
text
intend
to
tell
us?
A．None
so
blind
as
those
who
won’t
see.
B．No
pains,
no
gains.
C．Truth
will
come
to
light
sooner
or
later.
D．Doing
is
better
than
saying.
2019届模拟题
说明文
1.河南省实验中学2019届高考全真模拟
最后一卷
科普类
Solar
energy
systems
&
power
plants
do
not
produce
air
pollution,
water
pollution,
or
greenhouse
gases.
Using
solar
energy
can
have
a
positive,
indirect
effect
on
the
environment,
when
solar
energy
replaces
or
reduces
the
use
of
other
energy
sources
that
have
larger
effects
on
the
environment.
However,
some
poisonous
materials
and
chemicals
are
used
to
make
the
photovoltaic
(
光电池的)
cells
that
convert
sunlight
into
electricity.
Some
solar
thermal
(保热的)
systems
use
potentially
hazardous
liquids
to
transfer
heat.
Leaks
of
these
materials
could
be
harmful
to
the
environment.
U.
S.
environmental
laws
regulate
the
use
and
settlement
of
these
types
of
materials.
As
with
any
type
of
power
plant,
large
solar
power
plants
can
affect
the
environment
near
their
locations.
The
placement
of
the
power
plant
may
have
long-term
effects
on
the
habitats
of
native
plants
and
animals.
Some
solar
power
plants
may
require
water
for
cleaning
solar
collectors
and
concentrators
or
for
cooling
turbine
generators.
Using
large
volumes
of
ground
water
or
surface
water
in
some
dry
locations
may
affect
the
ecosystems
that
depend
on
these
water
resources.
In
addition,
the
beam
of
concentrated
sunlight
a
solar
power
tower
creates
can
kill
birds
and
insects
that
fly
into
the
beam.
The
amount
of
solar
energy
that
the
earth
receives
each
day
is
many
times
greater
than
the
total
amount
of
all
energy
that
people
consume
each
day.
However,
on
the
surface
of
the
earth,
solar
energy
is
a
variable
and
irregular
energy
source.
The
amount
of
sunlight
and
the
intensity
of
sunlight
varies
by
time
of
day
and
location.
Weather
and
climate
conditions
affect
the
availability
of
sunlight
daily
and
on
a
seasonal
basis.
The
type
and
size
of
a
solar
energy
collection
and
conversion
system
determines
how
much
of
the
available
solar
energy
we
can
convert
into
useful
energy.
1.
Which
of
the
following
best
explains
"hazardous"
underlined
in
paragraph
2?
A.
inexpensive
B.
dangerous
C.
ineffective
D.
abnormal
2.
What
influence
can
large
solar
power
plants
have
on
the
locations?
A.
Polluting
the
ground
water.
B.
Protecting
the
habitats
of
plants
and
animals.
C.
Damaging
the
local
natural
balance.
D.
Attracting
birds
and
insects
to
the
area.
3.
What
does
the
last
paragraph
mainly
tell
us?
A.
Different
areas
receive
different
amount
of
solar
energy.
B.
How
to
convert
solar
energy
into
useful
energy.
C.
The
relationship
between
solar
energy
collection
and
the
sunlight.
D.
Some
factors
that
influence
the
amount
of
solar
energy
collection.
2.山东省潍坊市2019届高三上学期期中考试
说明文
Digital
grounding
is
when
parents
or
caregivers
limit
or
completely
take
away
access
to
technology
from
children.
According
to
a
study
conducted
by
Pew
Research，65％of
parents
have
digitally
grounded
their
teen
by
taking
away
their
teen’s
cellphone
or
internet
access
as
punishment.
Because
children
are
so
connected
with
their
technologies,
digital
grounding
may
seem
like
a
logical
step
for
parents.
Take
away
a
child’s
most
cherished
item
and
they
will
quickly
learn
from
their
behavior.
But
the
idea
of
digital
grounding
isn’t
as
clear—cut
as
that.
Instead,
it
may
be
a
lose-lose
situation
for
parents
and
kids,
alike.
For
most
parents,
the
goal
of
grounding
isn’t
to
make
their
children
unhappy
or
sad.
It
is
to
teach
a
lesson
in
the
hope
that
they
won’t
engage
in
whatever
behavior
got
them
in
trouble
in
the
first
place.
Unfortunately,
though,
digital
grounding
is
often
just
punishment,
not
discipline.
If
a
child
stays
out
past
curfew(约定的最晚回家时间),
a
punishment
would
be
hitting
or
yelling
at
them.
Discipline
would
be
not
letting
them
go
out
the
next
weekend
because
they
failed
to
follow
rules.
We’ve
all
been
there—we’ve
caught
our
child
doing
something
wrong
and
in
the
heat
of
the
moment
laid
out
a
strict
punishment.
We
may
have
been
feeling
hot—headed,
embarrassed,
or
upset.
Often,
though,
these
punishments
don’t
align
with
the
bad
behavior.
While
digital
grounding
may
solve
the
problem
temporarily,
it
won’t
provide
children
with
the
guidance
they
need
to
act
appropriately
in
the
future.
Instead
of
grounding,
show
your
child
what
they
did
wrong
and
give
them
the
chance
to
act
differently.
This
way,
they
will
learn
from
their
mistakes
in
a
practical
manner
and
figure
out
ways
to
be
safe
and
smart
with
technology.
There’s
no
denying
it：technology
is
here
for
the
long-haul.
This
is
why
some
parenting
experts
don’t
recommend
digitally
grounding
your
children.
It
doesn’t
focus
on
the
end
goal
of
safe
behavior.
They
recommend
teaching
them
good
habits
as
soon
as
possible,
rather
than
taking
away
their
technology.
By
digitally
grounding
them,
you
are
putting
a
bandage
over
the
wound,
rather
than
treating
it.
Now,
when
we
say
that
digital
grounding
is
a
lose-lose
situation,
we’re
not
saying
that
disciplining
your
children
in
general
is
a
lose—lose
situation.
Discipline
is
a
great
way
to
teach
children
lessons,
when
used
appropriately.
1.
Which
of
the
following
is
a
form
of
discipline?
A.
Hitting
or
yelling
at
children.
B.
Laying
out
a
strict
punishment
in
the
heat
of
the
moment.
C.
Taking
away
access
to
cellphones
from
children
completely.
D.
Forbidding
kids
to
go
out
the
next
weekend
if
they
stay
out
past
curfew.
2.
What
does
the
author
think
of
digital
grounding?
A.
It
benefits
children
greatly.
B.
It
is
no
better
than
disciplining.
C.
Parents
can
use
it
to
correct
kids’behavior.
D.
Neither
parents
nor
children
gain
benefits
from
it.
3.
What
does
the
author
suggest
parents
do
instead
of
grounding?
A.
Give
kids
more
free
time.
B.
Act
appropriately
in
public.
C.
Help
kids
form
good
habits.
D.
Put
a
bandage
over
the
wound.
4.
What’s
the
purpose
of
the
text?
A.
To
inform
us
of
ways
of
punishing
kids.
B.
To
explain
what
digital
grounding
means.
C.
To
show
how
to
parent
children
in
digital
times.
D.
To
prove
digital
grounding
is
not
a
good
parenting
way.
3.江西省名校（临川一中、南昌二中)2019届高三联合考试
科普类
Have
you
ever
spent
an
afternoon
in
the
backyard,
maybe
grilling
or
enjoying
a
basketball
game,
when
suddenly
you
notice
that
everything
goes
quiet?
There
is
an
old
phrase
“calm
before
the
storm”,
often
used
in
a
situation---a
quiet
period
just
before
a
great
activity
or
excitement.
According
to
our
own
experience,
we
know
there
is
actually
calm
before
the
storm.
But
what
causes
this
calm?
And
is
it
always
calm
before
the
storm?
A
period
of
calm
happens
in
a
particular
kind
of
storm,
the
simplest
kind
of
storm---a
single-cell
thunderstorm.
In
this
type
of
thunderstorm,
there
is
usually
only
one
main
stream
of
current,
which
is
warm,
damp
air
and
drawn
from
places
near
the
ground.
Storms
need
warm
and
damp
air
as
fuel,
so
they
typically
draw
that
air
in
from
surrounding
environment.
Storms
can
draw
in
the
air
that
fit
their
need
from
all
directions—even
from
the
direction
in
which
the
storm
is
traveling.
As
the
warm,
damp
air
is
pulled
into
a
storm
system,
it
leaves
a
low-pressure
vacuum(真空)
coming
after.
The
rising
air
meets
the
cold
dry
air
that
has
already
existed
in
the
storm
clouds,
thus
the
temperature
of
the
warm,
damp
air
drops,
and
the
water
vapor
in
it
changes
into
tiny
drops
that
are
a
precondition
of
rain.
These
drops
accumulate
and
build
on
larger
particles(颗粒)
like
dust,
until
they
grow
large
enough
to
form
raindrops.
This
warm,
damp
air
keeps
moving
upwards,
but
it
becomes
cooler
and
drier
during
its
trip
through
cloud.
When
it
reaches
the
top
of
the
cloud,
the
air
is
squeezed
out
at
the
top.
This
air
is
sent
rolling
out
over
the
big
thunderclouds.
From
there,
the
air
goes
down.
Warm
and
dry
air
is
relatively
stable,
and
once
it
covers
a
region,
that
air,
in
turn,
causes
the
calm
before
a
storm.
Most
thunderstorms,
though,
don't
start
with
calm.
That's
because
most
are
actually
groups
of
storms
with
complex
wind
patterns.
There's
so
much
air
moving
up
and
down
storm
groups
that
the
calm
before
the
storm
never
happens.
Instead,
before
the
storm,
it
might
be
really
windy!
1.
Which
best
fits
the
description
of
a
particular
kind
of
storm?
A.
A
thunderstorm
with
a
single
shape.
B.
A
thunderstorm
without
strong
winds.
C.
A
storm
with
air
drawn
from
every
direction.
D.
A
storm
fueled
by
moving
air
from
the
ground.
2.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“it”
in
Paragraph
3
refer
to?
A.
Warm
and
wet
air.
B.
Warm
and
dry
air.
C.
Cold
and
wet
air.
D.
Cold
and
dry
air.
3.
Which
does
the
writer
most
likely
agree
to?
A.
Presence
of
the
calm
relies
on
stable
air.
B.
All
thunderstorms
don’t
start
with
the
calm.
C.
The
drier
the
air
is,
the
bigger
the
storm
will
be.
D.
Storm
happens
without
air
moving
up
and
down.
4.
What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A.
A
brief
introduction
of
a
peaceful
storm.
B.
A
personal
experience
of
a
heavy
storm.
C.
An
explanation
of
the
calm
before
a
storm.
D.
An
analysis
of
causes
and
effects
of
a
storm.
4.江西省名校（临川一中、南昌二中)2019届高三联考
说明文
As
the
international
demand
for
narrative(叙事的)
film/TV
content
continues
to
increase
with
popular
streaming
services
like
Netflix
and
others
the
two
questions
then
come:
will
the
coming
generations
receive
most
of
their
entertainment
through
visual
means
rather
than
through
the
written
word
and
will
such
an
increase
of
narrative
film/
TV
reduce
the
importance
of
reading?
Growing
examples
of
this
trend
include
the
diminishment(减少)
of
fiction
in
the
common
core
(核心的)curriculum,
the
ever－rising
culture
of
computer
games,
the
wave
of
streaming
services
of
wide
international
reach,
and
movies
filled
with
special
effects
made
for
children
and
teenagers.
Nor
must
we
ignore
the
economic
dangers
that
lie
ahead
for
the
written
word.
The
narrative
film
industry
is
a
moneymaker
that
dwarfs(使相形见绌)
the
publishing
industry.
The
other
underlying
question,
of
course,
is
“does
it
really
matter
if
the
written
word
bows
to
the
world
of
film/TV?”
From
my
point
of
view,
any
diminishment
of
fiction
delivered
by
words
is
a
loss
for
mankind.
There
is
no
greater
human
feature
than
the
imagination.
It
lies
at
the
very
soul
of
the
human
species.
It
is
the
brain’s
most
powerful
engine.
It
is
the
essential
muscle
of
life
and
like
all
muscles
it
must
be
exercised
and
strengthened.
Writing
and
reading
are
the
principal
tools
that
inspire,
create
and
empower
our
imagination.
Anything
that
diminishes
that
power
is
the
enemy
of
mankind.
It
should
be
known
that
I
am
not
opposed
to
new
media
and
technological
advances.
Instead,
I
have
always
felt
it
necessary
to
adapt
to
advancing
technology.
In
fact,
a
number
of
my
novels
are
in
various
stages
of
development
for
film,
TV,
and
live
stage
productions.
My
hope
is
that
the
written
word
will
only
stand
to
be
complemented(补充)by
its
visual
counterparts(对应物),
not
pushed
to
the
edge
of
extinction.
Of
course,
there
are
those
who
will
present
arguments
for
the
superiority
of
the
moving
image
over
the
written
word.
Each
has
its
place.
My
argument
is
for
finding
the
right
balance
between
it
and
the
moving
image.
1.
In
what
way
does
narrative
film/TV
embarrass
the
written
word?
A.
Economic
benefits
B.
International
reach
C.
Cultural
influence
D.
Educational
importance
2.
Why
does
the
author
value
the
role
of
the
written
word?
A.
It
strengthens
our
muscles.
B.
It
helps
sharpen
imagination.
C.
It
distinguishes
man
from
each
other.
D.
It
paves
the
way
for
narrative
film/TV.
3.
What
is
the
author’s
attitude
towards
technology?
A.
Cautious
B.
Skeptical
C.
Positive
D.
Critical
4.
What’s
the
author
concerned
about?
A.
The
fate
of
reading.
B.
The
extinction
of
fiction.
C.
The
impact
of
the
written
word.
D.
The
future
of
the
moving
image.
5.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三模拟
说明文
Sally
Dawly
is
a
woman
from
Auburn,
California.
Over
the
last
three
and
a
half
years,
the
anti-littering
woman
has
spent
most
of
her
free
time
picking
up
cigarette
butts
(烟头)
from
the
streets
of
her
home
city.
Called
the
“Butt
Lady”
by
her
local
community,
Dawly
began
her
mission
to
rid
the
streets
of
her
city
of
cigarette
butts
in
October,
2014.
The
woman
looked
for
cigarette
butts,
picked
them
up
and
threw
them
in
the
trash.
To
keep
a
count
of
how
many
butts
she
picks
up,
the
Butt
Lady
has
been
using
a
tablet,
and
earlier
this
month,
she
hit
a
historic
milestone—one
million
cigarette
butts.
“I
got
tired
of
going
on
my
walks
and
seeing
cigarette
butts
everywhere,”
Sally
Dawly
said.
“I’m
just
shocked
that
I
had
to
pick
up
so
many.
I’ve
ever
picked
up
3,000
butts
in
one
day,”
she
said.
“Don’t
throw
away
your
butts;
better
yet,
stop
smoking.”
With
so
many
cigarette
butts
littering
the
streets,
can
one
person’s
efforts
really
make
a
difference?
Surprisingly,
the
answer
seems
to
be
yes.
Soon
after
the
Butt
Lady
of
Auburn
started
her
mission
and
word
of
her
efforts
spread,
cigarette
cans
started
appearing
around
bars
and
restaurants
in
the
city.
Members
of
the
local
community
even
came
out
to
cheer
her
on
as
she
approached
her
one-million-butt
milestone.
Sally
knows
her
city’s
cigarette
butt
littering
problem
won’t
be
solved
anytime
soon,
but
she
hopes
her
work
will
inspire
people
to
at
least
think
twice
before
dropping
cigarette
butts
in
the
streets.
She
has
decided
to
continue
cleaning
up
after
irresponsible
smokers,
and
already
has
a
new
milestone
in
her
sights—two
million
cigarette
butts.
Word
of
the
Butt
Lady’s
efforts
to
keep
the
streets
cigarette
butt-free
has
reached
neighboring
communities
as
well,
and
CBS
Sacramento
reports
that
other
cities
have
started
seeking
her
help
as
well.
1.
Why
does
Sally
Dawly
carry
an
iPad
with
her
while
picking
up
the
butts?
A.
To
entertain
the
crowds.
B.
To
monitor
the
smokers.
C.
To
attract
people’s
attention.
D.
To
record
the
number
of
butts.
2.
How
did
Sally
Dawly
feel
when
picking
up
cigarette
butts?
A.
Excited
but
upset.
B.
Shocked
and
sorry
C.
Frightened
but
content.
D.
Astonished
and
desperate.
3.
From
the
text.
what
can
be
inferred
about
Sally
Dawly?
A.
She
picks
up
nearly
3,000
cigarette
butts
every
day.
B.
She
will
work
in
other
cities
in
California
in
the
future.
C.
She
has
set
a
new
goal
of
picking
up
two
million
cigarette
butts.
D.
She
picked
up
one
million
cigarette
butts
with
members
of
her
community.
4.
What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A.
California’s
“Butt
Lady”.
B.
Fighting
against
smoking.
C.
Californians
health
problems.
D.
Smoking
problems
in
California.
6.东北三省四市2019届高三二模联考英语试题
You
can’t
see
your
sleeping
pets
brain
waves,
but
its
behavior
can
tell
you
when
your
cat
might
be
dreaming.
If
you
watch
closely,
you’ll
see
that
as
she
falls
asleep,
her
breathing
becomes
slow
and
regular
with
her
body
still.
She
has
entered
the
first
stage
of
sleep,
called
slow-wave
sleep.
After
about
15
minutes
you’ll
notice
a
change
in
her
breathing.
Her
eyes
move
under
her
closed
lids,
her
paws
twitch
(抽动)
and
she
flicks
(尤指用手指或手快速地轻抚)
an
ear.
She
has
entered
dreaming.
Although
she
twitches
and
makes
little
grunting
(嘟嘟)
noises,
messages
from
her
brain
to
the
large
muscles
in
her
legs
are
blocked,
so
she
can’t
run
about.
She
is
in
a
state
of
“sleep
paralysis
(麻痹)”.
Michel
Jouvet,
a
French
scientist,
interrupted
their
sleep
paralysis.
Even
though
they
were
completely
asleep,
the
dreaming
cats
began
to
run
for
balls
that
Jouvet
couldn’t
see
and
arched
(弓起)
their
backs
at
unseen
enemies.
He
figures
he
was
watching
them
act
out
their
dreams!
Obviously,
the
dreaming
cats
seemed
to
be
practising
important
cat
skills:
following,
pouncing
(猛扑),
and
fighting.
In
another
study,
Matt
Wilson
recorded
rats
brain
waves
while
they
learned
mazes
(迷宫).
One
day,
he
left
the
brain-wave-recording
machine
on
while
the
rats
fell
asleep.
The
pattern
of
brain
waves
in
the
sleeping
rats
matched
the
pattern
from
the
maze
so
closely
that
Wilson
could
figure
out
exactly
which
part
of
the
maze
each
rat
was
dreaming
about!
Many
researchers
now
think
that
in
both
people
and
animals,
one
purpose
of
dreams
is
to
practise
important
skills
and
figure
out
recent
caning.
This
may
explain
why
so
many
people
dream
about
fighting
and
escaping,
skills
that
were
probably
important
to
our
ancestors,
and
why
dreaming
affects
our
ability
to
learn.
Do
all
animals
dream?
From
looking
at
the
brain
waves
of
sleeping
animals.
How
often
animals
dream
seems
to
be
tied
to
body
size.
Cats
dream
about
every
15
minutes,
mice
every
9
minutes,
and
elephants
every
2
hours.
And
though
cows
and
horses
usually
sleep
standing
up,
they
only
dream
when
lying
down.
1.
What
does
Michel
Jouvet
find
in
his
study?
A.
The
dreaming
cats
are
in
a
state
of
body
paralysis.
B.
The
dreaming
cats
often
practise
their
important
skills.
C.
The
eyes
of
dreaming
cats
moved
while
bodies
are
still.
D.
The
muscles
of
the
dreaming
cats
are
blocked
to
move.
2.
What
can
you
know
about
dreaming
from
the
passage?
A.
Dreaming
a
lot
can
help
humans
learn
more.
B.
Learning
mazes
is
the
basic
skill
for
cats
to
learn.
C.
Rats
often
dreams
to
make
certain
their
recent
learning
D.
Fighting
and
escaping
are
not
important
skills
for
ancestors.
3.
Which
animal
may
dream
most
frequently?
A.
Rats.
B.
Dogs.
C.
Cows.
D.
Elephants
4.
How
does
the
author
develop
his
passage?
A.
By
making
comparisons.
B.
By
using
figures
C.
By
telling
stories
D.
By
showing
facts
7.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三下学期模拟
环保类
A
team
of
international
scientists
is
due
to
set
off
for
the
world’s
biggest
iceberg
in
a
mission
aiming
to
answer
fundamental
questions
about
the
impact
of
climate
change
in
the
polar
regions.
The
scientists,
led
by
he
British
Antarctic
Survey(
BAS),
are
trying
to
reach
a
newly
revealed
ecosystem
that
had
been
hidden
for
120,000
years
below
the
Larsen
C
ice
shelf.
Last
year,
part
of
the
Larsen
C
ice
shelf
calved
(崩解)
away,
forming
a
huge
iceberg-A68--which
is
four
times
bigger
than
London,
and
revealing
life
beneath
for
the
first
time.
Now
scientists
say
it
is
a
race
against
time
to
explore
these
new
ecosystems
before
they
are
transformed
to
the
light.
Marine
biologist
Dr
Katrin
Linse
from
the
BAS
is
leading
the
mission.
“The
calving
of
A68
provides
us
with
a
unique
opportunity
to
study
marine
life
as
it
responds
to
a
huge
environment
change,”
she
said.
“It
is
important
that
we
get
there
quickly
before
the
undersea
environment
changes
as
sunlight
enters
the
water.”
Professor
David
Vaughan,
science
director
at
the
BAs,
said,
“We
need
to
be
bold
(大胆的)
on
this
one.
Larsen
C
is
a
long
way
south
and
there’s
lots
of
sea
ice
in
the
area,
but
this
is
important
science,
so
we
will
try
our
best
to
get
the
team
where
they
need
to
be.
He
said
climate
change
had
already
affected
the
sea
around
Antarctica
and
is
warming
some
coastal
waters.
“Future
warming
may
make
some
habitats
warm.
Where
these
habitats
support
unique
species
that
are
adapted
to
love
the
cold
and
not
the
warm,
those
species
are
going
to
either
move
or
die.”
There
is
growing
concern
about
the
possible
impact
of
climate
change
in
the
Antarctic.
Earlier
this
month,
a
report
revealed
that
melting
ice
sheets
in
Greenland
and
Antarctica
are
speeding
up
the
already
fast
pace
of
the
sea
level
rise.
The
research,
published
by
the
National
Academies
of
Science,
Engineering
and
Medicine,
said,
“At
the
current
rate,
the
world’s
ocean
will
be,
on
average,
at
least
60cm
higher
by
the
end
of
the
century.”
However,
it
found
that
the
process
is
accelerating,
and
more
than
three
quarters
of
the
acceleration
since
1993
is
due
to
melting
ice
sheets
in
Greenland
and
Antarctica,
the
study
shows.
1.
Why
are
the
scientists
eager
to
go
to
the
iceberg?
A.
To
study
how
the
iceberg
was
formed.
B.
To
study
a
newly
discovered
ecosystem.
C.
To
explore
a
new
way
to
prevent
climate
change.
D.
To
explore
the
geography
of
the
Larsen
C
ice
shelf.
2.
What
do
the
underlined
words
“this
one”
in
the
fourth
paragraph
refer
to?
A.
The
Larsen
C
ice
shelf.
B.
Climate
change
in
Antarctica.
C.
The
A68
iceberg
with
the
ecosystem
beneath
it.
D.
The
condition
of
animal
species
in
Antarctica.
3.
What
can
we
learn
about
the
A68
iceberg
from
the
text?
A.
It
is
as
big
as
London.
B.
It
is
part
of
an
ice
shelf
in
the
Arctic.
C.
It
will
disappear
in
a
very
short
time.
D.
It
has
uncovered
an
unknown
ecosystem
in
Antarctica.
4.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.
There
is
no
need
to
worry
about
climate
change
in
Antarctica.
B.
The
ice
sheets
in
Greenland
and
Antarctica
are
melting
at
a
steady
rate.
C.
Many
creatures
living
in
deep
water
will
die
out
due
to
climate
change.
D.
By
2100,
the
sea
level
will
have
risen
to
a
much
higher
level
than
now.
四川省成都市2019届高三第三次诊断性检测
科普类
Can
you
trust
your
very
first
childhood
memories?
Maybe
not,
a
new
study
suggests.
Past
researches
show
that
people's
earliest
memories
typically
form
around
3
to
3.
5
years
of
age.
But
in
a
recent
survey
of
more
than
6,600
people,
British
scientists
have
found
that
39
percent
of
participants
claimed
to
have
memories
from
age
2
or
younger.
These
first
memories
are
likely
false,
the
researchers
said.
This
was
particularly
the
case
for
middle
-aged
and
older
adults.
For
the
study,
researchers
asked
participants
to
describe
their
first
memory
and
the
age
at
which
it
occurred.
Participants
were
told
they
had
to
be
sure
the
memory
was
the
one
that
had
happened.
For
example,
it
shouldn't
be
based
on
a
photograph,
a
family
story
or
any
source
other
than
direct
experiences.
Then
the
researchers
examined
the
content,
language
and
descriptive
details
of
these
earliest
memories
and
worked
out
the
likely
reasons
why
people
would
claim
to
have
memories
from
an
age
when
memories
cannot
form.
As
many
of
these
memories
dated
before
the
age
of
2,
this
suggests
they
were
not
based
on
actual
facts,
but
facts
or
knowledge
about
their
babyhood
or
childhood
from
photographs
or
family
stories.
Often
these
false
memories
are
fired
by
a
part
of
an
early
experience,
such
as
family
relationships
or
feeling
sad,
the
researchers
explained.
"We
suggest
that
what
a
rememberer
has
in
mind
when
recalling
fictional
early
memories
is
…a
mental
representation
consisting
of
remembered
pieces
of
early
experiences
and
some
facts
or
knowledge
about
their
own
babyhood
or
childhood,
"
study
author
Shania
Kantar
said
in
a
journal
news
release,
"Additionally,
further
details
may
be
unconsciously
inferred
or
added.
Such
memory-like
mental
representations
come~
over
time,
to
be
collectively
experienced
when
they
come
to
mind,
so
for
the
individual,
they
quite
simply
are
memories,
which
particularly
point
to
babyhood.
"
"Importantly,
the
person
remembering
them
doesn't
know
this
is
fictional,"
study
co-author
Martin
Conway
said
"In
fact,
when
people
are
told
that
their
memories
are
false
they
often
don't
believe
it.
"
1.
What
can
we
learn
from
a
recent
study?
A.
Memories
form
after
the
age
of
3.
B.
Participants
are
good
at
telling
stories
C.
Adults
are
likely
to
form
false
memories
D.
Earliest
memories
may
play
a
trick
on
us
2.
Which
source
did
the
researchers
require
for
the
earliest
memories?
A.
A
direct
experience.
B.
A
family
story.
C.
A
family
photo.
D.
A
sad
feeling.
3.
What
are
these
fictional
early
memories
according
to
Kantar?
A.
They
are
repeated
mental
representations.
B.
They
are
a
collection
of
early
experiences.
C.
They
are
a
combination
of
both
facts
and
fictions.
D.
They
are
further
details
of
remembered
experiences.
4.
Which
part
of
a
newspaper
is
this
text
probably
taken
from?
A.
Society.
B.
Psychology.
C.
Technology.
D.
Health.
天津市红桥区2019届高三下学期第一次模拟考试
Your
next
Saturday
night
takeaway
could
be
brought
to
you
by
a
robot
after
a
major
food
delivery
company
announced
plans
to
use
automated
vehicles
to
transport
meals.
Europe’s
biggest
online
takeaway
food
company
Just
Eat
has
partnered
with
Starship
Technologies
to
deliver
food
with
robots
on
the
streets
of
London
later
this
month.
“Nobody
has
ever
done
deliveries
with
land-based
robots,”
said
Allan
Martinson,
the
chief
operating
officer
of
Starship.
The
robot
courier
can
travel
up
to
4
miles
per
hour
for
about
10
miles.
It
uses
a
GPS
signal
and
nine
cameras
to
navigate
(确定方向).
Instead
of
a
person
arriving
at
their
door,
customers
could
find
themselves
receiving
a
notification
on
their
phone
that
says
a
robot
is
on
its
way
and
a
code
to
unlock
the
automated
courier.
“Put
the
code
in,
the
robot
opens
up,
and
there’s
your
food,”
said
David
Buttress,
chief
manager
of
Just
Eat.
The
robot,
which
has
so
far
been
tested
in
Greenwich,
Milton
Keynes
and
Glastonbury,
costs
?
1
to
transport
within
3
miles,
compared
with
the
?3
to
?6
it
costs
for
a
human
courier.
To
date
30
robots
have
driven
nearly
5,000
miles
without
getting
into
an
accident
or
finding
themselves
picked
on
by
passers-by.
They
have
driven
in
more
than
40
cities
around
the
world,
including
London
and
Tallinn,
Estonia.
An
initial
worry
was
how
the
public
would
react
to
robots.
But
Martinson
said
the
public
has
been
calm
when
passing
the
delivery
machine
on
the
streets.
“The
most
surprising
reaction
has
been
the
lack
of
reaction,”
said
Martinson.
Another
significant
fear
was
that
people
would
disrupt
(扰乱)
the
robots,
or
try
to
steal
them
and
their
contents.
To
prevent
this,
the
robot
is
fitted
with
nine
cameras,
two
way
audio,
and
movement
sensors
that
send
a
warning
if
it
is
lifted
off
the
ground.
And
it
opens
only
with
a
passcode
provided
to
the
customer
via
a
notification.
“It’s
much
easier
to
shoplift
than
it
is
to
steal
a
robot,”
said
Martinson.
1.
Which
of
the
following
can
replace
the
underlined
word
“courier”
in
Paragraph
2?
A.
deliverer
B.
collector
C.
provider
D.
guide
2.
According
to
the
text,
the
Starship
robot
________.
A.
opens
up
upon
hearing
the
code
B.
travels
10
miles
per
hour
at
most
C.
finds
its
way
by
means
of
GPS
and
cameras
D.
sends
a
message
to
the
customer
upon
arrival
3.
The
test
of
Starship
robots
shows
that
________.
A.
they
are
easy
to
operate
B.
the
robot
delivery
is
appreciated
in
big
cities
C.
the
robot
delivery
is
cheaper
than
human
delivery
D.
they
can
travel
for
10
hours
continuously
4.
Which
of
the
following
is
one
of
the
worries
about
Starship
robots?
A.
Safety
of
the
robot
delivery.
B.
Accuracy
of
the
robot
delivery
C.
Peoples
indifference
to
the
robots.
D.
People’s
concern
about
public
traffic.
5.
Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Great
Improvement
of
Just
Eat
B.
Global
Trend
of
Food
Companies
C.
New
Robots
to
Move
on
the
road
D.
Delivery
Robots
to
Replace
Takeaway
Drivers
吉林省五地六校2019届高三最后一考
科普类
China
has
completed
its
home-grown
BeiDou
Navigation
(导航)
Satellite
System
(BDS)
with
the
successful
launch
of
two
more
BDS-3
satellites,
19
in
all,
and
has
started
providing
services
to
countries
participating
in
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative
(BRI)
since
the
end
of
2018.
The
BDS,
which
will
compete
against
the
US'
Global
Positioning
System
(GPS),
will
provide
high-precision,
reliable
positioning,
navigation
and
timing
services
anywhere
in
the
world
by
the
end
of
2020.
The
Belt
and
Road
Initiative
is
an
ambitious
effort
to
improve
regional
cooperation
and
connectivity
in
a
trans-continental
range.
The
initiative
aims
to
strengthen
infrastructure
(基础设施),
trade,
and
investment
links
between
China
and
some
65
other
countries.
It
is
also
expected
to
increase
Beijing's
influence
in
these
countries.
“This
is
a
key
step
for
the
BDS
developing
from
a
Chinese
home
system
to
a
regional
and
then
a
global
navigation
system,”
said
Yang
Changfeng,
chief
designer
of
the
BeiDou
system.
China
plans
to
launch
another
11
BDS-3
satellites
between
the
end
of
2018
and
2020.
China
developed
the
BDS
through
a
unique
technologi
