(共46张PPT)
特殊句式(强调、省略、主谓一致、倒装及其他)
1．强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
It is only children who make such stupid mistakes.
只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。
(2009·浙江卷)—I’ve read another book this week.
——这星期我又看了一本书。
—Well，maybe it is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
——嗯，也许重要的不是你看了多少而是你看了什么。
It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t come to school yesterday.是因为她妈妈病了，她昨天才没来上学的。
2．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that从句”。
Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street
你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？
Who was it that told you such a thing
究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？
Why was is that you didn’t come to the meeting yesterday
究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会？
3．“It was not until...that...”这个句型强调时间状语。
It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I recoganized him.
直到他摘掉墨镜我才认出他来。
1.(2011·沈阳检测)—________ that made Mrs White so upset
—Her son’s making trouble in the school.
A．Where was it B．Why was it
C．How was it D．What was it
解析： 考查强调句型。句意为：——是什么让怀特夫人这么难过？——她儿子在学校惹事了。判断强调句型的要点是：当去掉“It is...that/who”时，剩下的句子结构仍然完整。这里是强调句的疑问形式，由答语可知，这里句子的主语应该用What，而不是Where，Why或How。
答案： D
2．(2011·青岛一模)—Where did you meet the famous actress
—It was in the supermarket ________ we went shopping last Sunday.
A．which B．that
C．where D．there
解析： 该题考查句式。该题实际考查的是定语从句，修饰先行词supermarket。很多考生可能会误认为是强调句。
答案： C
3．(2010·南昌二模)The police were seeking more information to find out ________ the rich merchant.
A．who it was that killed B．who was it that killed
C．it was who killed D．who was it killed
解析： 考查强调句型。强调句型的疑问句结构为：疑问词＋is it＋that...而这里是强调句的疑问句结构作宾语，故用正常的陈述语序，所以答案为A。
答案： A
1．在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be常被省略。
Unless (I am) invited，I won’t go to the party.
除非被邀请，否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。
When (you are) working，you must pay attention.
上班时，你必须全神贯注。
Get up early tomorrow，if not (you don’t get up early)，you will miss the first bus.
明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。
2．不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to
(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid，be glad，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边。
(2009·江苏卷)—What’s the matter with Della
——Della出什么事了？
—Well，her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party，but she still hopes to.
——父母不允许Della参加晚会，可她仍然希望参加。
—Will you join in the game？——你愿意加入做游戏吗？
—I’d be glad to.——我很高兴。
(2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。
—Are you a sailor？——你是海员吗？
—No，but I used to be.——不，但我过去是。
1.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)Though________to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A．surprising B．was surprised
C．surprised D．being surprised
解析： 考查省略。句意为：教授看到我们，虽然很惊讶，但还是热情地欢迎了我们。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。B项为谓语动词形式，故排除；分析句子结构可知though 后面省略了主语和谓语the professor was，而surprising表示事物的性质和特征，不符合语境；D项在结构上不正确。surprised 表示人的心理感受，故答案为C项。
答案： C
2．(2011·潍坊质量监测)When people cut down big trees，new trees should be planted.________they will have no trees to cut down in the future.
A．If not B．If so
C．If no so D．If don’t
解析： 考查省略。句意为：当人们砍倒大树时，应该种植新树，不然的话，他们以后就没有树木可砍了。if not如果不，不然；if so如果这样的话。
答案： A
3．(2011·烟台检测)He is rather difficult to make friends with，but his friendship，________，is more true than any other.
A．once gained B．when to gain
C．after gaining D．while gaining
解析： 这里“once gained”是once the friendship is gained的省略，由此可知，the friendship与gain之间存在“被动关系”，所以这里选A。
答案： A
1．就近一致原则
(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
(2009·湖南卷)Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients.
护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。
注意：如果主语后面带有as well as，as much as，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语时，句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。
(2009·陕西卷)Dr Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.
Dr Smith 将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。
In my opinion，he，rather than you，is to blame.
依我看来，他，而不是你该受谴责。
(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil box.
文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。
2．意义一致原则
(1)谓语动词为单数的情况
①由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。
The worker and writer is from Wuhan.
那个工人兼作家来自武汉。
②作并列主语的单数名词前分别有each，every，no修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl wants to work hard.
每个男孩和女孩都想努力工作。
No teacher and no student likes the film.
老师和学生都不喜欢电影。
③非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。
Persuading him to join us seems really hard.
劝他加入我们看起来确实难。
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
早睡早起是一个好的习惯。
Whatever was left was taken away.
无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。
注意：what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What they need are books.他们需要的是书。
(2)谓语动词用复数的情况
①由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。
Both bread and butter are sold out.
面包和黄油都卖完了。
②people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。
People read for pleasure during their spare time.
人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。
1.(2011·厦门市质量检测)Either the ways or the time________yet，but you may ask the headmaster for some information.
A．isn’t decided B．hasn’t decided
C．aren’t decided D．haven’t decided
解析： 考查语态与主谓一致。本句的主语由either...or...连接，谓语动词应该与or后面的名词保持一致，使用单数；根据语意可知，应该使用被动语态。
答案： A
2．(2010·海淀第二学期期末)—Have you heard that Jones，along with her parents，________to Hainan for the winter vacation
—Really？No wonder I haven’t seen her these days.
A．has been B．have been
C．has gone D．have gone
解析： 考查主谓一致和词义辨析。主语中心词是Jones，是单数，所以所填词用单数形式；根据应答句中No wonder 后的从句意思可知所填词意思是去了，动词用go，选C。
答案： C
1．表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。
Be quick！Here comes the bus.快点，公共汽车来了。
(2009·福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.
那会儿，什么都没发生。之后大家一起欢呼起来。
Out rushed the children.孩子们冲出了教室。
注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。
Away they went.他们走了。
Over it turns！它翻过来了。
2．表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)
Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.
出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。
3．such＋be＋主语
Such are the facts；no one can deny them.
这些就是事实，没有人可以否认。
1.(2010·陕西卷)John opened the door.There ________he had never seen before.
A．a girl did stand B．a girl stood
C．did a girl stand D．stood a girl
解析： 句意为：约翰打开门，那里站着一个他从未见过的姑娘。本题考查倒装句型。当there，here，away，down等副词置于句首且主语为名词时，要用完全倒装形式。
答案： D
2．(2009·上海卷)Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away________.
A．fleeing the thief B．was fleeing the thief
C．the thief was fleeing D．fled the thief
解析： 句意为：听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。本题考查了全部倒装句。表地点方位的副词away放句首时，句子要全部倒装。正常的语序是：The thief fled away.
答案： D
1．So/Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词＋主语(表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物)
Lily can’t play table tennis.Neither can I.
Lily 不会打乒乓球，我也不会。
2．否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。
(2009·陕西卷)Little did Rose care about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself.
虽然身处险境，Rose却丝毫不在意她个人的安危。
(2010·淄博检测)John talked with me for about an hour yesterday.Never had I heard him talk so much.
John昨天和我谈了约一个小时，在那之前，我从未听过他说那么多话。
By no means should you lose heart.你决不应该失去信心。
3．hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.
他一听到这个消息就哭了。
(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only was teachers’ energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons.
电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。
4．在so/such...that...句型中，若so/such...提到句首时。
So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
我觉得这个问题太难解决了以至于决定向汤姆征求建议。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.
他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。
5．当“only＋状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时
Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.
只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。
6．用于as引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)
Child as he was，he made a living by himself.
尽管他是个孩子，他却得自己谋生。
Try as he would，he might fail again.
尽管他还会试，但可能还会失败。
1.(2010·海淀第二学期期末)Not until they left school ________ how much their teachers loved them and helped them.
A．they realized
B．did they realize
C．they would realize
D．had they realized
解析： 考查倒装。Not until引导的时间状语位于句首时，主句用部分倒装；由从句的动词left可知所填部分的时态用一般过去时，选B。
答案： B
2．(2010·南通一模)—Did you hear that Li Hua was robbed during his recent trip to South Africa
—Yes，not only ________ his money，but he was nearly killed.
A．he lost B．did he lose
C．he had lost D．was he lost
解析： 本题考查倒装句。由not only...but also...引导的句型中，前半句中应用部分倒装结构，故先排除A、C两项；再根据句意，不但丢了钱，还差点丢了性命，可知选B。
答案： B
1．(2010·湖南卷)John’s success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work________has made him what he is today.
A．Why B．when
C．Which D．that
解析： 句意为：约翰的成功与运气好没有关系，他能有今天(这样的成功)，是多年努力的结果。本题考查强调句。强调句的基本句式为“It is /was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”。由此可知答案为D项。
答案： D
2．(2010·安徽卷)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village________the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A．Where B．that
C．When D．which
解析： 句意为：仅从村里买了很少的东西，女主人就做了那么丰盛的一顿大餐。本句考查强调句型。被强调部分为from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village，其中的that she had bought in the village 为定语从句，先行词为only a few supplies。判断强调句的方法：去掉句中的It was 及that 后，剩余部分是个完整的句子。本题易误选A项，用where 引导从句作the village 的定语，但句意不通。
答案： B
3．(2010·四川卷)If you have a job，________yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
A．do devote B．don’t devote
C．devoting D．not devoting
解析： 句意为：如果你有工作并全身心地投入，那么最终你会成功的。本题考查祈使句式及动词的强调。由句意可排除表示否定意义的B、D两项；再分析句子结构可知逗号后和and 之前的部分须是完整的句子，C项为现在分词，被排除；A项填入后构成了祈使句，do是对动词原形进行强调，故A正确。
答案： A
4．(2010·四川卷)Such poets as Shakespeare________widely read，of whose works，however，some________difficult to understand.
A．are；are B．is；is
C．are；is D．is；are
解析： 句意为：像莎士比亚这样的诗人们的作品被人们广泛阅读，虽然他们的作品中有些很难读懂。本题考查主谓一致。such poets as Shakespeare 中poets 是中心词，所以动词用are；第二空动词的主语是some (of their works)，是可数名词的复数形式，也用are。
答案： A
5．(2010·重庆卷)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River________，one of the ten largest cities in China.
A．lies Chongqing B．Chongqing lies
C．does lie Chongqing D．does Chongqing lie
解析： 句意为：中国十大城市之一的重庆位于扬子江和嘉陵江两江交汇的地方。考查倒装句。分析句子结构得知，这里是将地点状语提前且主语为名词，故句子需用完全倒装形式。
答案： A
6．(2010·湖南卷)Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A．is B．are
C．has D．have
解析： 句意为：在摇滚音乐会中听震耳欲聋的音乐已经导致某些青少年丧失了听力。本题考查主谓一致。动名词短语在句中作主语时谓语动词须采用单数形式，故排除B、D项，根据句意可知此处为主动语态，时态为现在完成时，故答案为C项。
答案： C
7．(2010·浙江卷)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if________regularly，can improve our health.
A．being carried out B．carrying out
C．carried out D．to carry out
解析： 考查归纳。句意为：试验表明，如果有规律地进行适量的锻炼，就能够提高身体健康状况。首先，if carried out＝if it is carried out，依句意可知it＝proper amounts of exercise，与carry out 构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词表被动含义。而being carried out 意为：正在被开展；carrying out与to carry out表主动含义，所以C项正确。
答案： C
8．(2009·湖南卷)Either you or one of your students________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A．Are B．is
C．have D．be
解析： 句意为：要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。该题考查的是主谓一致，按照就近一致原则，one of your students的中心词为one，谓语动词该用单数，在本句中is to do表示应该(should)。
答案： B
9．(2009·江西卷)At present，one of the arguments in favor of the new airport________that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.
A．Is B．are
C．will be D．was
解析： 句意为：目前，人们赞成建一座新机场的理由之一是它将给这个地区带来很多的就业机会。本题考查动词时态，At present＝Now是解题的关键。
答案： A
10．(2009·江苏卷)—What’s the matter with Della
—Well，her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party，but she still________.
A．hopes to B．hopes so
C．hopes not D．hopes for
解析： 句意为：——Della怎么了？——哦，她父母不让她去参加晚会，但她仍然希望去参加。本句属省略句，完整形式应为：...，but she still hopes to go to the party.
答案： A
11．(2010·江西卷)Not until he left his home ________ to know how important the family was for him.
A．did he begin B．had he begun
C．he began D．he had begun
解析： 句意为：直到离开家他才开始了解家对他来说多么重要。本题考查倒装句。not until置于句首，主句要部分倒装，排除C、D两项；又根据句意得知begin需用过去时，但发生在leave之后，故排除B项。
答案： A
12．(2010·四川卷)We laugh at jokes，but seldom________ about how they work.
A．we think B．think we
C．we do think D．do we think
解析： 句意为：我们因为笑话而笑，但很少去想笑话使人发笑的原因。本题考查倒装。seldom是具有否定意义的词。置于句首，主句要部分倒装，故D项正确。
答案： D
练规范、练技能、练速度1．(2011·厦门市质量检查)It is the test system，rather than the teachers，________is to blame for the students’ heavy burden nowadays.
A．who B．this
C．that D．whom
解析： 考查强调句型。本句强调的是主语the test system而不是the teachers，因此不能用who，只能用that。
答案： C
2．(2011·湖南十二校第二次联考)________she is not so cheerful________she used to be
A．How is it that；as B．Why is it that；what
C．Is it why；that D．How it is that；as
解析： 考查强调句和状语从句。第一空是强调句的特殊疑问句部分；第二空为not so(as)．..as 固定句式。根据第二空的搭配可排除B、C两项；根据句意可知A项正确。句意为：她怎么不像以前那样高兴了？
答案： A
3．(2011·重庆诊断)—I don’t know________makes her different from others.
—Honesty，I think.
A．how is it that B．how it is that
C．what is it that D．what it is that
解析： 考查特殊句式。上一句的意思是“我不知道是什么让她与众不同”，what it is that makes her different from others 是know的宾语从句，因此要用陈述语序。从句是一个强调句，被强调部分是主语what。
答案： D
4．(2011·日照市调研考试)I don’t know how many years ago________people began to stay at home and civilization began.
A．it was when B．it was that
C．was it that D．was it when
解析： 考查强调句型。语意是：我不知道是多少年前人们开始呆在家中，文明由此开始。此句中被强调部分是how many years ago，去掉it was...that 之后句子的正常语序是I don’t know how many years ago people began to stay at home and civilization began。
答案： B
5．(2011·福建毕业班检查)—________made Daisy wild with joy
—Her success in the A level exam this year.
A．How was it that B．When was it that
C．Why was it that D．What was it that
解析： 考查特殊疑问句的强调句型。特殊疑问句的强调句结构为：特殊疑问词＋be＋it＋that，根据语意，此处表示“什么东西让Daisy欣喜若狂？”强调what ，故选D项。
答案： D
6．(2010·山东潍坊月考)Girls used to take fewer advanced match courses than boys but now they are taking just________.
A．as much B．too much
C．as many D．too many
解析： 考查形容词的比较等级和省略。本句补充完整为Girls used to take fewer advanced math courses than boys but now they are taking just as many advanced math courses as boys.故C项正确。
答案： C
7．(2010·烟台二模)They landed safely on the island in the Pacific.Everything went on better than________.
A．expected B．expecting
C．expectation D．to expect
解析： 考查省略句的用法。可以将than expected 看成是than it was expected 的省略。better than expected 为习惯用法，表示“比预期的好”。
答案： A
8．(2010·西城5月)Mary was only too ready to help others，seldom，________，refusing them when they turned to him.
A．if never B．if not
C．if any D．if ever
解析： 考查习语的用法。后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。句意为：玛丽总是乐于助人，如果有人向他求助，他很少拒绝别人。if ever “很少，难得”，符合句意。
答案： D
9．(2010·苏州一模)The number of children who have lost parents to AIDS________to rise to over 26 million in 2011.
A．are expected B．is expecting
C．are expecting D．is expected
解析： 本题考查主谓一致和动词语态。定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致，the number of 意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，排除选项A和C；根据语境知，这个数量预计会上升，主语与expect之间是被动关系，故D项正确。
答案： D
10．(2010·南京第三次模拟)What a pity！All his property，the books，the pictures and the house，________consumed by the big fire.
A．were B．was
C．had been D．have been
解析： 本题考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语是All his property，property表示财产，是不可数名词，因此谓语动词是单数形式。句中的the books，the pictures and the house 是同位语，对property 进行补充说明。事情发生在说话之前，故用一般过去时。
答案： B
11．(2010·烟台四校联考)________the instructions on the packet when you take the drug and the drug，I think，will work soon.
A．Follow B．To follow
C．Following D．Followed
解析： 考查祈使条件句。句意为：如果你服药的时候按照包装上的说明服用，我认为这种药会很快起作用的。此处的祈使句中含有when引导的状语从句。I think 为插入语。此句实际上是“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构。祈使句中要用动词原形。
答案： A
12．(2010·合肥第三次教学检测)________and the problem could be settled.
A．A bit more effort B．To make more effort
C．Making more effort D．If you make more effort
解析： 考查句式。句中有并列连词and，因此前面应该是一个完整的并列句，结合选项此处应为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，前面的祈使句也可用名词代替。句意为：再多一点努力，问题就会得到解决。
答案： A
13．(2010·锦州模拟)John as well as the other children who________no parents________good care of in the center.
A．have；is being taken B．have；has taken
C．has；is taken D．has；have been taken
解析： 考查主谓一致和动词时态，句意为：约翰同其他那些没有父母的孩子一起在这个中心受到很好的照顾。who引导的定语从句修饰other children所以谓语动词应是复数；名词1＋as well as/besides/with/together with ect.＋名词2时，谓语动词要根据就远原则由名词1决定，所以第二空谓语动词为单数，约翰正在受到照顾，因此用现在进行时的被动形式。
答案： A
14．(2010·东城检测)The number of people，who have access to their own cars，________sharply in the past decade.
A．rose B．is rising
C．have risen D．has risen
解析： 考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语是the number，所以谓语动词用单数；in the past decade表示时间从过去持续到现在，即“十年来”，因此用现在完成时。
答案： D
15．(2011·浙江金华十校联考)Not until the press reported the pollution________why the water supply had been cut off.
A．people did know B．people had known
C．had people known D．did people know
解析： 考查倒装句和时态。Not until 置于句首时，主句要用(部分)倒装结构，由此可以排除A、B两项；另外，根据reported 可知C项时态不正确。
答案： D
16．(2011·湖南十二校第二次联考)—We have to stop talking here outside.Listen，________！
—Hurry up，or we’ll be late.
A．there goes the bell B．there does the bell go
C．there the bell goes D．goes the bell there
解析： 考查倒装句。当here，there等表示方位的副词置于句首时，句子要倒装，且用全部倒装。
答案： A
17．(2011·东城练习二)Only when Tom fully recovered________back to work.
A．did he go B．he went
C．had he gone D．he had gone
解析： 本题考查倒装句型。only位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。所以用did he go。
答案： A
18．(2011·苏锡常镇四市教学调查)Not only________know the theory，but also ________learn how to apply it in practice.
A．should we；should we B．we should；we should
C．should we；we should D．we should；should we
解析： 考查倒装句的用法。not only置于句首时，not only所在部分要倒装，but also部分仍用正常语序，因此C项正确。
答案： C
19．(2011·东北三省四市联考)Such a great event ________that it will attract governments and people from across the world to Shanghai.
A．is World Expo 2010
B．World Expo 2010 is
C．has World Expo 2010 been
D．World Expo 2010 has been
解析： 考查倒装句。在such...that...结构中，当such置于句首时，句子要倒装，由此可以排除B、D两项；根据从句谓语动词的时态可知，A项正确。
答案： A
20．(2010·九江地区联考)Hardly________the phone________I was told that the hotel had been booked full.
A．I had picked up；when B．had I picked up；then
C．had I picked up；when D．I had picked up；then
解析： 考查倒装句和固定句式。本句使用了“hardly...when...”句式，表示“刚一……就……”；当否定副词hardly放在句首时，主句要用倒装结构，因此选C。近年高考试题的单项填空部分有不少试题都呈现“复合型”，一个试题中考查两个或多个语法知识。
答案： C
