近三年高考英语语法真题分类汇编(6)：形容词和副词(2018-2020)
一、2020年高考真题
（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side
is??
62
??(extreme)
challenging.
【答案】extremely
【解析】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Bamboo:
Chinese
love
their
“Lucky
Bamboo”
plants
and
you
will
see
them
often
in
their
homes
and
office.
66
(certain)
during
the
holiday
period,
this
plant
is
a
must.
【答案】Certainly
【解析】考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必需的。介词短语作时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式作状语。故填Certainly。
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）The???69
??(beauty)
long
branches
covered
with
pink-colored
buds
(蓓蕾)
make
fantastic
decorations.
【答案】beautiful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）I’m
surely
you’ll
have
a
good
time.
【答案】将surely改为sure
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。
（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Then
I
can
spare
some
time
to
learn
it
again,
such
that
we
can
practice
together
on
every
day.
【答案】将such改为so
【解析】考查副词。句意：然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它，这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子，此处应表示“以便；所以”。故将such改为so。
（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）See
you
sooner.
【答案】将sooner改为soon
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：希望尽快见到你。See
you
soon?译为“希望尽快见到你”，是固定短语。此处不需用比较级。故将sooner改为soon。
（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）One
day
the
emperor
wanted
to
get
his
portrait
(画像)
done
so
he
called
all
great
artists
to
come
and
present
their?62?(fine)
work,
so
that
he
could
choose
the
best.
【答案】finest
【解析】考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）As
the
small
boat
moved,?68
(gentle)
along
the
river
he
was
left
speechless
by
the
mountains
being
silently
reflected
in
the
water.
【答案】gently
【解析】考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
（2020·江苏卷单项填空）The
outbreak
of
Covid-19
has
meant
an
_____
change
in
our
life
and
work.
absurd
B.
abrupt
C.
allergic
D.
authentic
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。A.
absurd荒谬的；B.
abrupt突然的；C.
allergic过敏的；D.
authentic真实的。根据常识可知，新冠肺炎疫情给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。故选B。
（2020·天津卷单项填空）According
to
Professor
Johnson,
we
don’t
have
to
read
the
book
if
we
don’t
want
to,
as
it
is
______.
worthwhile
B．necessary
C．optional
D．serious
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，就不必读，因为它是可选择的。
A.
worthwhile值得的；B.
necessary必要的；C.
optional?可选择的，选修的；D.
serious严肃的，认真的。根据“we
don’t
have
to
read
the
book
if
we
don’t
want
to”可知，这本书读不读都可以，由此可知，它是“可选择的”。故选C。
（2020·山东卷语法填空）In
the
18th
and
19th
centuries,???36?(wealth)
people
travelled
and
collected
plants,
historical
objects
and
works
of
art.【答案】wealthy
【解析】考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词作定语。故填wealthy。
二、2019年高考真题
【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】
28.Unlike
traditional
gyms,
app-backed
gyms
offer
people
___________
options
to
exercise.
?casual
B.?regular
C.?flexible
D.?tight
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A.
casual偶然的，随便的；B.
regular定期的，有规律的；C.
flexible灵活的；D.
tight紧的，密封的。故选C。
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been?___62___?(poor)
studied;
however,
biologists
calculate
that
there
are
about
20,000-25,000
polar
bears
worldwide.【答案】poorly
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has
been
studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Her
years
of
hard
work
have?___63___(final)been
acknowledged
after
a
customer
nominated(提名)her
to
be
Cheshire's
Woman
Of
The
Year.
【答案】finally
【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have
been
acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On
our
way
to
the
house，it
was
raining
___61___?hard
that
we
couldn't
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take?to
get?(get)there.
It
was
in
the
middle
of
Pearl
City.
【答案】so
【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Scientists
have
responded
by
noting
(note
)that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion(错觉)
that
populations
are?68
(high)
than
they
actually
are.?
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词的比较级。根据其后than
they
actually
are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】I
became
interesting
in
playing
football
thanks
to
a
small
accident.
【答案】interesting改为interested
【解析】考查形容词用法。“interest（使感兴趣；使关注）”的形容词有interesting（使人感兴趣的）常修饰物；与interested（表现出兴趣的）常修饰人。本句的意思为：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产生了兴趣。主语是I，故将interesting改为interested。
【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】One
was
that
I
was
amazing
at
the
fact
that
a
sick
person
could
feel
much
better
after
seeing
a
doctor.
【答案】amazing改为amazed
【解析】考查形容词用法。“amaze（使惊奇；使惊愕）”形容词形式有amazed（大为惊奇）与amazing（令人大为惊奇的）。本句话中主语为I，句意:病人看完医生就会感觉好很多，对此我感到惊奇，而不是我令别人惊奇。故将amazing改为amazed。
三、2018年高考真题
【2018·江苏】34.
Despite
the
poor
service
of
the
hotel,
the
manager
is
_______
to
invest
in
sufficient
training
for
his
staff.
keen?
?
B.
reluctant
C.
anxious?
?
D.
ready
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。
A.
keen敏锐的；B.
reluctant不情愿的；C.
anxious渴望的；D.
ready准备好的。故选B。
点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析形容词词义的能力。因此，考生必须充分利用这一特定语境。同时，考生应注意多积累由形容词组成的固定短语。本题中4个选择项中都可以与to连用。be
keen
to渴望；be
reluctant
to不情愿做；be
anxious
to急于；be
ready
to乐意，再分析句意可以得出答案。
【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】According
to
a
review
of
evidence
in
a
medical
journal,
runners
live
three
years??
61??(long)
than
non-runners.
【答案】?longer
【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】I
felt
happily
that
their
life
had
improved.【答案】happily改成happy
?
【解析】考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。
【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】A
taste
for
meat
is
63
(actual)
behind
the
change:
An
important
part
of
its
corn
is
used
to
feed
chickens,
pigs,
and
cattle.【答案】?actually
【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的喜爱实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】According
to
the
World
Bank,
China
accounts
for
about
30
percent
of
total?67?(globe)fertilizer
consumption.
【答案】global
【解析】句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer
consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】He
screams
the
63
(loud)of
all.
The
noise
shakes
the
trees
as
the
male
beats
his
chest
and
charges
toward
me.
【答案】loudest
【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of
all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】There
could
be
an
even??
63
??(high)
cost
on
your
health.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。近三年高考英语语法真题分类汇编(5)：代词、介词与介词短语(2018-2020)
一、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how??
69
??ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether??
70
??(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
69．【答案】much
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
70．【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
2.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）After
that
I
poured
oil
into
a
pan
and
turned
off
the
stove.
【解析】考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据I
poured
oil
into
a
pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn
on，故将off改为on。
3.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）＂Not
that
way，＂my
mom
tried
to
stop
us
but
failed.
【答案】将us改为me
【解析】考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me。
4.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Oranges:
Orange
trees
are
more???64
??decoration;
they
are
a
symbol
of
good
fortune
and
wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more
than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
5.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Then
I
can
spare
some
time
to
learn
it
again,
such
that
we
can
practice
together
on
every
day.
【答案】去掉on
【解析】考查介词。句意：我们就可以每天一起练习。介词on后接的是具体时间。every
day?译为“每一天”，前不能用有任何介词修饰。故on多余，应去掉。
6.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Best
of
luck
with
yours
learning
kung
fu
in
China.?
【答案】将yours改为your
【解析】考查代词。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子可知，best
luck
of
you?译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
6.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The
artist
was
finally
humbled
(谦卑)
by
the
greatest
artist?70
?earth,
Mother
Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on
earth。故填on。
7.?（2020·江苏卷单项填空）Taking
on
this
challenge
will
bring
you
_____
someone
who
shares
your
interests.
A.
in
exchange
for
B.
in
answer
to
C.
in
contact
with
D.
in
memory
of
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A.
in
exchange
for作为交换；B.
in
answer
to回答；C.
in
contact
with接触，与……有联系；D.
in
memory
of纪念。根据空后someone
who
shares
your
interests及常识可知，此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。故选C。
8.?（2020·江苏卷单项填空）This
actor
often
has
the
first
two
tricks
planned
before
performing,
and
then
goes
for
______.
A.
whichever
B.
whenever
C.
wherever
D.
whatever
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。A.
whichever无论哪个；B.
whenever无论何时；C.
wherever无论何地；D.
whatever无论什么。分析句子成分可知，此处作goes
for的宾语，指代“任何事情”，whatever符合语境。故选D。
9．（2020·天津卷单项填空）For
my
fifth
birthday,
my
mother
baked
me
a
cake
______
a
monkey.
A．in
the
shape
of
B．beyond
the
reach
of
C．at
the
mercy
of
D．on
the
side
of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A.
in
the
shape
of呈……形状；B.
beyond
the
reach
of超出……的能力之外C.
at
the
mercy
of?受……的支配；D.
on
the
side
of拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。
10.（2020·山东卷语法填空）As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
(模拟)
and
imagine???42
?(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or???43（walking）(walk)through
a
rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
11.（2020·山东卷语法填空）Museums
must
compete???45
?
people’s
spare
time
and
money
with
other
amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete
for，意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。
12.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）Some
time
after
10，000
BC，people
made
the
first
real
attempt
to
control
the
world
they
lived?56
，through
agriculture.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they
lived?_____”应是之前名词the
world的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they
lived
in
the
world.
live
in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
二、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】3.A
study
shows
the
students
who
are
engaged
in
after-school
activities
are
happier
than
_________who
are
not.
A.?ones
B.?those
C.?these
D.?them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the
students之间是对应关系，可以用the
ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the
students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】27.
Favorable
policies
are
___________
to
encourage
employees'
professional
development.
A.?in
effect
B.?in
command
C.?in
turn
D.?in
shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A.
in
effect实际上；B.
in
command指挥；C.
in
turn轮流，依次；D.
in
shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。
3.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modern
methods?___63___?tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive
to
perform?
(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking
polar
bear
populations作Modern
methods的定语，用of?连接，methods
of
doing
sth.，意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
4.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
63
?dogs，seven
to
be
exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。a
pack
of意为“一群”。故填of。
5.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But
can
uniforms
help
improve
school
standards?
The
answer?
61
?this
question
is
not
clear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the
key/answer
to
...这是固定搭配，意思是“……的答案是……”。故填to。
6.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）Nervously?__facing_??
(face)
challenges,
I
know
I
will
whisper
to?
3
(I)
the
two
simple
words
“Be
yourself”.
【答案】myself?
【解析】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
7.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】
In?the?cafe,?customers?will?enjoy?yourself?in?the?historical?environment?that
?is?created?for?them.?
【答案】yourself改为themselves
【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语，故把?yourselves改为?themselves。
8.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On
our
way
to
the
house，it
was
raining?
so
?hard
that
we
couldn't
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take?___62___?(get)there.
【答案】to
get
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It
takes
time
to
do
sth.
“花时间做某事”，该句式中it作形式主语，time作宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用how
long?对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to
get。
三、2018年高考真题
【2018·北京】14.
—Good
morning,
Mr.
Lee’s
office.
—Good
morning.
I’d
like
to
make
an
appointment
_________
next
Wednesday
afternoon.
A.
for?
?
B.
on?
?
C.
in?
?
D.
at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr.
Lee见面）。make
an
appointment
for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。
点睛：make
an
appointment
with
sb.和某人预约；make
an
appointment
for为……预约。
2.【2018·天津】11.
Bob
thought
he
couldn't
go
to
the
party
because
he
had
to
write
a
report,
but
he
went
___________.
A.
at
first?
?
B.
after
all
C.
above
all?
?
D.
at
random
【答案】B
【解析】句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但它毕竟还是去了。at
first??首先；after
all毕竟，终究；above
all首先；at
random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面的情况相反，所以选B。
点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。
【2018·江苏】
33.
China’s
soft?power?grows
______
the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding
of
China
globally.
A.
in
line
with?
?
B.
in
reply
to
C.
in
return
for?
?
D.
in
honour
of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A.
in
line
with按照；与...一致；B.
in
reply
to答复；C.
in
return
for作为?...?的报酬；D.
in
honour
of为纪念。故选A。
点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别。
4.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I
was
searching?___67___?these
three
western
lowland
gorillas
I'd
been
observing.
【答案】?for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search
for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。近三年高考英语语法真题分类汇编(3)：名词性从句（2018-2020）
一、2020年高考真题
1.?（2020江苏高考真题）It
is
not
a
problem
__________
we
can
win
the
battle;
it’s
just
a
matter
of
time.
A.
Whether
B.
why
C.
when
D.
Where
【答案】A
【解析】考查主语从句。
句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。A.
whether是否；B.
why为什么；C.
when什么时候；D.
where在哪里。根据下文it’s
just
a
matter
of
time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。
2.?（2020天津高考真题）The
student
completed
this
experiment
to
make
come
true
__________
Professor
Joseph
had
said.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
when
D.
Where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________
Professor
Joseph
had
said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
3.?（2020浙江高考真题）Over
thousands
of
years，they
began
to
depend
less
on???
57?
??could
be
hunted
or
gathered
from
the
wild,
and
more
on
animals
they
had
raised
and
crops
they
had
sown.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。
句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
二、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】25.Scientists
have
obtained
more
evidence
___________
plastic
is
finding
its
way
into
the
human
body.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
which
D.
where
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。
句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】While
they
are
rare
north
of
88°,there
is
evidence?___61___?they
range
all
the
way
across
the
Arctic,
and
as
far
south
as
James
Bay
in
Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。
根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there
be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
3.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What
students
do
at
college
seems
to
matter
much
more
than?___8___?they
go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。
句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
三、2018年高考真题
【2018·北京】11.
Without
his
support,
we
wouldn’t
be
_________
we
are
now.
A.
how?
?
B.
when?
?
C.
where?
?
D.
why
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。
句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________
we
are
now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
点睛：表语从句是指一个句子充当表语，通俗的说就是系动词be后面接一个句子。连接表语从句的连接词有that，what，who，when，where，which，why，whether，how等。
2.【2018·北京】15.
This
is
_________
my
father
has
taught
me—to
always
face
difficulties
and
hope
for
the
best.
A.
how?
?
B.
which?
?
C.
that?
?
D.
what
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。
句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________
we
are
now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
点睛：what是常见的名词性从句引导词之一，它除了引导从句作用之外，还在从句中作主语，宾语，表语或者定语。根据不同的语境，what可以表示不同的意思，例如“……的东西或事情”，“……的人或样子”等。
3.【2018·天津】9.
The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
___________to
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
A.
whomever?
?
B.
wherever
C.
whoever?
?
D.
whatever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。
句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
点睛：分析句子可知，空格处作be
awarded
to的宾语，同时在后面的从句中作主语，再根据句意可知，这里主语指人，故用whoever。
4.【2018·江苏】21.
By
boat
is
the
only
way
to
get
here,
which
is
_______
we
arrived.A.
where?
?
B.
when
C.
why?
?
D.
how
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。
句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。近三年高考英语语法真题分类汇编(4)：冠词、名词（2018-2020）
一、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular??
64
??(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so??
65
??the
familiar
near
side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。
句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。
根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be
of
interest
to
sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
2.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）Next
I
broke
the
eggs
into
a
bowl
and
beat
them
quickly
with
chopstick.?
【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks
【解析】考查名词复数。
句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。
chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
3.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Chinese
New
Year
is
a??
61
??(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
beginning
of
spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。
句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
4.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Luckily,
I
will
go
home
in
two
weeks
for
summer
vacations.
【答案】将vacations改为vacation
【解析】考查不可数名词。
句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。
分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer
vacation?译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。
5.?（2020·江苏卷单项填空）The
health
security
systems
of
many
countries
are
undergoing
considerable
______.
A.
Reservation
B.
transformation
C.
distinction
D.
Submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。
A.
reservation预订；B.
transformation改革，变革；C.
distinction区别；D.
submission提交。根据前文The
health
security
systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
二、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays
the
___________
for
travelling
is
shifted
from
shopping
to
food
and
scenery.
A.
Priority
B.
potential
C.
proportion
D.
pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。
句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。
A.
priority优先；优先权；B.
potential潜在的，可能的；C.
proportion比例，占比；D.
pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We
can
observe
that
artificial
intelligence
has
already
made
a(n)
___________on
our
lives
in
many
ways.
A.
Statement
B.
impact
C.
impression
D.
judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。?
statement“陈述说明”；?impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”；?impression“印象，感想”；?judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
3.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of?___69___?
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six?are?(be)
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。
此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
4【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】Suddenly
football
feel
just
in
front
of
me
but
almost
hit
me.
【答案】?Suddenly???football
fell
just
in
front
of
me???almost
hit
me.
【解析】考查冠词。
名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。
句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
5.
【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Since
I
was
a
kid,
I’ve
considered
different
job
I
would
like
to
do.
First,
I
wanted
to
be
a
fireman,
whose
uniform
looked
so
coolly.
Then,
when
I
was
in
the
five
grade,
I
wanted
to
be
a
teacher
because
I
liked
my
English
teacher
too
much.?
…
【答案】Since
I
was
a
kid,
I’ve
considered
different?（1）I
would
like
to
do.
First,
I
wanted
to
be
a
fireman,
whose
uniform
looked
so?（2）.
Then,
when
I
was
in
the?（3）??grade,
I
wanted
to
be
a
teacher
because
I
liked
my
English
teacher?（4）??much.
【解析】（1）考查名词的数。
“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
（2）考查形容词的用法。
句中的“looked（看起来…样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。（3）考查序数词。
年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。（4）考查副词。
句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。
“so
much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此…以至于”。而“too
much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太…以至于不能…”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so
much?或very
much，故将too改为very/so。
6.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Everybody
wears___57___?same
style
of
clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。
句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
三、2018年高考真题
1.【2018·天津】6.
The__________
that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to
explore
the
outer
space.
A.
advice?
?
B.
order
C.
possibility?
?
D.
invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A.
advice建议；B.
order命令；C.
possibility可能性；D.
invitation邀请。故选C。
【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。
名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。
2.【2018·江苏】32.
Try?to?understand?what’s?actually
happening
instead
of
acting
on
the
_______
you’ve
made.
A.
assignment?
?
B.
association
C.
acquisition?
?
D.
assumption
【答案】D?
【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。
名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually
happening实际发生和instead
of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。
3.?【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014??that/which
??showed
a
mere
five
to
10?minutes?a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all??
67
??(cause).
【答案】causes
?
【解析】考查名词复数。
一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
4.?【2018·新课标卷I·短文改错】During
my
last
winter
holiday,
I
went
to
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
【答案】countryside前加the
【解析】考查冠词。
去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
5.?【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over?___62___past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
【答案】the?
【解析】考查冠词。
句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
6.?【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】Unexpectedly,
I'm
face-to-face
with
the
gorilla,
who
begins
screaming
at?____62____?top
of
her
lungs.
That
makes
her
baby
scream,
and
then
a
400-pound
male
appears.
【答案】the?
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at
the
top
of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
7.?【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】My
name
is
Mireya
Mayor.
I'm
a?___66___(science)who
studies
animals
such
as
apes
and
monkeys.
【答案】scientist?
【解析】根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
8.?【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】Few
people
I
know
seem
to
have
much
desire
or
time
to
cook.
Making
Chinese??
56??(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
8.?【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】F
Researchers
have
found
that
there
is
a
direct
link
between
the
increase
in
food
eaten
outside
the
home
and
the
rise
in??
64??(weigh)
problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。
此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。近三年高考英语语法真题分类汇编(2)：非谓语动词（2018-2020）
一、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang’e-4
?66
?(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
【答案】to
find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to
find。
2.
（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）I
like
eating
frying
tomatoes
with
eggs,
and
I
thought
it
must
to
be
easy
to
cook.
【答案】frying改为fried
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
3.
（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）My
mom
told
me
how
to
preparing
it.
【答案】preparing改为prepare。?
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They
represent
the
earth??63
?
(come)
back
to
life
and
best
wishes
for
new
beginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come
back
to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
5.
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）
They
make
great
gifts
and
you
see
them
many
times?65
(decorate)
with
red
envelopes
and
messages
of
good
fortune.
【答案】?decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange
trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
?6.
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They
are
easy?68
?(care)
for
and
make
great
presents.
【答案】to
care。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be
+形容词?+
to
do”结构。故填to
care。
?7.
（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The
next
morning
he
hired
a
boat
and
set
out?67
?(find)
the
well-known
painter.
【答案】?to
find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set
out
to
do
sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to
find。
（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）And
when
he
saw
the
mists
rising
from
the
river
and
the
soft
clouds
69
?(surround)
the
mountain
tops,
he
was
reduced
to
tears.
【答案】?surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the
soft
clouds?
69
??(surround)
the
mountain
tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
9.
(2020·山东新高考语法填空)?As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
(模拟)
and
imagine?themselves?(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or?43
(walk)through
a
rainforest.
【答案】?walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine
sb
doing
sth.
“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
10.
(2020·浙江卷语法填空)?Agriculture
gave
people
their
first
experience
of
the
power
of
technology
60
(change)lives.
【答案】?to
change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to
change。
11.
(2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later,
they
learned
to
work
with
the?seasons?(season)，planting
at
the
right
time
and，in
dry
areas，63
?(make)
use
of
annual
floods
to
irrigate
(灌溉)
their
fields.
【答案】?making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make
use
of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
?（2020·江苏卷）Technological
innovations,
____
good
marketing,
will
promote
the
sales
of
these
products.
A.
combined
with
B.
combining
with
C.
having
combined
with
D.
to
be
combined
with
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be
combined
with“与……结合/联合”，本句中省略be动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选A。
（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第一次)）___________in
1931,
the
Empire
State
Building,
the
highest
skyscraper
until
1954,
inspired
the
imagination
of
the
world.
A．Having
completed
B．Being
completed
C．Completed
D．Completing
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了全世界的想象力。句中谓语动词是inspired，此处用非谓语动词。主语the?Empire?State?Building和动词complete是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式，不表被动。B项是doing的被动式。故选C。
（2020年天津卷英语笔试·第一次）The
local
government
doesn’t
have
to
sacrifice
environmental
protection
____________
economic
growth.
A．to
be
promoted
B．being
promoted
C．promoting
D．to
promote
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知，句中存在谓语doesn't
have
to
sacrifice，空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系，因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。
二、2019年高考真题?
1.
【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】?30.__________
the
convenience
of
digital
payment,
many
senior
citizens
started
to
use
smart
phones.
To
enjoy
B.
Enjoying
C.
To
have
enjoyed
D.
Enjoy
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】4.____________
to
think
critically
is
an
important
skill
today's
children
will
need
for
the
future.
A.
Learn
B.
Learned
C.
Learning
D.
Having
learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语，故选C。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】?32.China’s
image
is
improving
steadily,
with
more
countries__________
its
role
in
international
affairs.
A.
recognizing
B.
being
recognized
C.
to
be
recognized
D.
recognized
【答案】A
【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with
+?名词?+?现在分词结构，故选A。
4.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】12.The
professor
warned
tie
students
that
on
no
account
_____________
use
mobile
phones
in
his
class.
A.
should
they
B.
they
should
C.
dare
they
D.
they
dare
【答案】A【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on
no
account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should
do,敢于做dare
do，根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem
methods?___of__?tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive?___64___?(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
【答案】to
perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to
perform。
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists
have
responded
by??___67___?(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,…
【答案】noting?
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】All
the
football
players
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly,
say
that
I
had
a
talent
for
football.
【答案】All
the
football
players
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly,?that
I
had
a
talent
for
football.【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A
90-year-old
has
been
awarded
“Woman
Of
The
Year”
for___61___?(be)Britain’s
oldest
full-time
employee-still
working
40
hours
a
week.
【答案】being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
9.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”
award,
proud
Irene___declared__(declare)
she
had
no
plans?___65___?(retire)
from
her
36-year-old
business.【答案】to
retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to
do
sth做后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to
retire。
【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When
we
got
a
call?___68___?(say)she
was
short-listed，we
thought
it
was?___a__?joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
11.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On
our
way
to
the
house，it
was
raining?___so__?hard
that
we
couldn’t
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take?___62___?(get)there.
【答案】to
get
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It
takes
time
to
do
sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用how
long?对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to
get。
12.
【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay,
we?_were
invited
(invite)
to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars，___70___?(listen)to
musicians
and
meeting
interesting
locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were
invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting
interesting
locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
13.
【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When
the
children
are
walking
or?___59___?(cycle)
to
school
on
dark
mornings,…
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
14.
【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But
some
students
didn’t
want?___63___?(wear)
the
uniform.
【答案】to
wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want
to
do
sth想要做某事，这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to
wear。
15.
【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously?___2___??
(face)
challenges,
I
know
I
will
whisper
to_myself_(I)
the
two
simple
words
“Be
yourself”.
【答案】facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
三、2018年高考真题?
【2018·北京】3.
_________
along
the
old
Silk
Road
is
an
interesting
and
rewarding
experience.
Travel?
?
B.
Traveling?
?
C.
Having
traveled?
?
D.
Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____
along
the
old
Silk
Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。点睛：动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
2.【2018·北京】6.
During
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival,
family
members
often
gather
together
_________
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes.
A.
share?
?
B.
to
share?
?
C.
having
shared?
?
D.
shared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_________
a
meal,
admire
the
moon
and
enjoy
moon
cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。
3.【2018·北京】10.
Ordinary
soap,
_________
correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria
effectively.
A.
used?
?
B.
to
use?
?
C.
using?
?
D.
use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary
soap
can
deal
with
bacterial
effectively是主句，_________
correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary
soap，ordinary
soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。点睛：过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。
4.【2018·天津】12.
I
didn't
mean
___________anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn’t
help_______
it.
A.
to
eat；to
try?
?
B.
eating；trying
C.
eating；to
try?
?
D.
to
eat；?trying
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean
to
do（打算做），couldn’t
help
doing忍不住做。故选D。点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean
to
do打算做”与“mean
doing意味着做”和“can’t
help
to
do
sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t
help
doing忍不住做”之间的含义。
5.
【2018·天津】7.
I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photographs___________.
A.
taking?
?
B.
taken
C.
being
taken?
?
D.
take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my
photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
6.【2018·江苏】26.
Around?13,500?new?jobs?were?created?during?the?period,
_______
the?expected?number
of
12,000
held?by
market?analysts.
A.
having?exceeded?
?
B.
to?exceed
C.
exceeded?
?
D.
exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。点睛：本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。having
exceeded强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词create的动作之前；to
exceed表示将要超出；exceeded过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知，这里用现在分词作结果状语。
7.
【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】You
don’t
have
to
run
fast
or
for
long??
62
??(see)
the
benefit.
You
may
drink,
smoke,
be
overweight
and
still
reduce
your
risk
of??
63
??(die)
early
by
running.?
【答案】62.
to
see?；?63.dying
?
【解析】62.考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to
see。63.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
8.【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】My
grandpa
said
last
summer
they
earned
quite
a
lot
by
sell
the
fish.
【答案】sell改为selling
【解析】考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。
9.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Another
reason
for
corn's
rise:
The
government
encourages
farmers
to
grow
corn
instead
of
rice?___64___?(improve)
water
quality.
【答案】to
improve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to
improve。
10.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I
quickly
lower
myself,
ducking
my
head
to
avoid____64____(look)
directly
into
his
eyes
so
he
doesn't
feel____65____(challenge).
【答案】64.looking；65.challenged
【解析】
64.考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。65.考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
11.【2018·新课标III卷·短文改错】Everyone
was
silent,
wait
to
see
who
would
be
called
upon
to
read
his
or
her
paragraph
aloud.
【答案】wait改为waiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为was，而且没有连词，与主语是主动关系，所以wait?要用非谓语waiting，表伴随。
12.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】I
still
remember??
59
??(visit)
a
friend
who’d
lived
here
for
five
years
and
I??was
shocked??(shock)
when
I
learnt
she
hadn’t
cooked
once
in
all
that
time.
【答案】visiting
【解析】此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember
doing
sth.，故填visiting。近四年高考英语语法真题分类汇编(1)：定语从句（2017-2020）
一、2020年高考真题
1.【2020江苏卷】Many
lessons
are
now
available
online,
from
__________
students
can
choose
for
free.
A.
whose
B.
which
C.
when
D.
whom
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many
lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
2.【2020天津卷】
Dr.
Rowan,
__________
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago,
has
had
to
do
all
his
own
typing.
A.
whose
B.
of
whom
C.
of
which
D.
which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr.
Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr.
Rowan’s”，表示“……的”
，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。
3.【2020新课标Ⅲ卷·语法填空,61】
In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
_____
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
二、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空,
21】
We
have
entered
into
an
age
_______
dreams
have
the
best
chance
of
coming
true.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
when
D.
that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an
age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空,11】Their
child
is
at
the
stage__________
she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences.
A.
why
B.
where
C.
which
D.
what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the
stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
3.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】One
afternoon
where
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
【答案】One
afternoon
where
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
when
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one
afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
4.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空,62】Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9am
to
5pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield，_____
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the
pet
shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
5.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空,64】They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
____
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
6.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】
In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
themselves
in
the
historical
environment
what
is
created
for
them.
【答案】
In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
themselves
in
the
historical
environment
what
is
created
for
them.
that/which
【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment
在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故把what改为that/which。
7.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空,
58】On
the
edge
of
the
jacket,
there
is
a
piece
of
cloth
_____
gives
off
light
in
the
dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
8.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What
students
do
at
college
seems
to
matter
much
more
than
____
they
go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
9.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】The
students
benefiting
most
from
college
are
those
_____
are
totally
engaged
(参与)
in
academic
life.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。______
are
totally
engaged
(参与)
in
academic
life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
三、2018年高考真题
1.【2018·北京,
5】She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
as
D.
that
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____
helps
them
keep
fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2.【2018·天津,
2】
Kae,
______
sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
A.
whom
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
3.【2018·江苏卷，23】
Self-driving
is
an
area
_______
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in
which。故选B。
点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
4.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空,
66】Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
_____
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes
(cause).
【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a
study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
4.【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】They
also
had
a
small
pond
which
they
raised
fish.
My
grandpa
said
last
summer
they
earned
quite
a
lot
by
selling
the
fish.
【答案】
which改成in
which或where
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a
small
pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in
which或where。
5.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】The
Chinese
Ministry
of
Agriculture
finds
that
between
2005—when
the
government
_started_
(start)
a
soil-testing
program
___69___
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers
-
and
2011,
fertilizer
use
dropped
by
7.7
million
tons.
【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
6.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Many
westerners
57
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
【答案】that或who
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
四、2017年高考真题
1.【2017·北京卷,
31】The
little
problems
______
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
where
D.
when
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。______
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。
考点：考查定语从句。
【名师点睛】
定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who,
whom,
whose,
that,
which,
as
等）和关系副词（when,
where,
why等）。
1)
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
eg.
An
architect
is
a
person
who
/
that
designs
houses
and
buildings.
The
city
where
/
in
which
I
was
born
is
on
the
new
railway
line.
2)
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。
e.g.
I
find
it
difficult
to
cooperate
with
those
who
always
stick
to
their
own
opinions.
I
find
it
difficult
to
cooperate
with
the
one
who
always
sticks
to
his
own
opinion.
The
suit
(which
/
that
)
the
tailor
made
for
me
doesn’t
fit
me.
3)
非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that,
关系副词why,
不可用于非限定性定语从句。
4)
作介词宾语的关系代词
在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。
e.g.
The
man
with
whom
you
shook
hands
just
now
is
head
of
our
department.
Mrs.
Nye,
with
whom
you
shook
hands
just
now,
is
head
of
our
department.
The
room
in
which
my
family
live
used
to
be
a
garage.
2.【2017·江苏,28】In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of
_______
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
A.
which
B.
it’s
C.
whose
D.
whom
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词是“the
World
Food
Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，
whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。
考点：考查定语从句
3.【2017·天津卷,9】
My
eldest
son,
_______
work
takes
him
all
over
the
world,
is
in
New
York
at
the
moment.
A.
that
B.
whose
C.
his
D.
who
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My
eldest
son,
根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定语，选项中只有whose修饰名词作定语。故选B。
考点：考查定语从句。
【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析,
关系代词that,
which,
whom,
as,
who在句中做主语，宾语，表语;
whose做定语；where,
why,
when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。
