牛津上海版Module 1 My life Unit 1 Penfriends知识点及语法点精讲

句型精讲
)
A
postcode
makes
it
easier
for
the
post
office
to
deliver
letters.(邮政编码能使邮局在分发信件时更简便）
Make+it+adj.+for
sb.
to
do
sth.
It
在此处作形式宾语。
Eg:
Yoga
made
it
faster
for
Mrs
White
to
lose
weight.
)My
ambition
is
to
be
an
architect....我的愿望是成为一名建筑师
Sth.+
be
+to
do
动词不定式作表语
Eg：A
nurse’s
job
is
to
look
after
sick
people.护士的工作是照顾病人。
）I
hope
you
will
write
to
me
soon...我希望你尽快给我回信...
Hope
vi.&vt.
希望；期待其后接不定式和that引导的从句。
Eg：I
hope
to
hear
from
my
brother
soon.我希望很快能收到我哥哥的来信。
辨析hope，wish
Hope一般侧重于表达有可能实现的愿望，意为“希望；期待”。Wish一般侧重于表达不大可能实现或根本不考虑是否能实现的愿望。
hope和wish均接不定式作宾语。Wish只表示一种愿望，hope也表示愿望，表示对此有把握。
Eg：I
hope
to
see
you
soon.我希望不久会见到你。
hope和wish均可接that
引导的宾语从句，hope用陈述语气，表示很有把握实现或得到，而wish后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，表示一种无法实现的或不真实的愿望。
Eg;I
wish
I
could
fly
like
a
bird.但愿我能像一只鸟一样飞翔。
wish后通常接“宾语+不定式（宾补）”，而hope则不可以。
Eg：I
wish
you
to
come
and
join
us
in
the
singing.我希望你能来和我们一起唱歌。
wish表示“祝愿”时，其后可接双宾语，而hope则不能加双宾语。
Eg：I
wish
you
a
happy
New
Year!祝您新年快乐！
同义句转换
1.
like/love/enjoy
doing
=
be
interested
in
+
doing
=
be
keen
on
+
doing
=
show
great
interest
in+doing
例题：Dick
is
interested
in
collecting
stamps.
=
Dick
is
____________
____________
collecting
stamps.
He
really
like
playing
basketball.
=
He
is
____________
____________
playing
basketball.
I’m
really
keen
on
what
you
said
yesterday
and
want
to
go
on
a
trip
to
Japan.
=
I
____________
great
____________
in
what
you
said
yesterday
and
want
to
go
on
a
trip
to
Japan.
2.
get
/receive
a
letter
from
(sb.)
=
hear
from
(sb.)
例题：Ben
received
a
letter
from
his
friend,
Jill.
=
Ben
____________
____________
his
friend,
Jill.
3.
prefer
A
to
B
=
like
A
better
than
B
例题：Jane
prefers
vegetables
to
meat.
=
Jane
____________
vegetables
____________
____________
meat.
4.
be
good
at
+doing
=
do
well
in
+
doing
例题：Kate
is
good
at
Chinese.
=
Kate
____________
____________
in
Chinese.
5.
have
a
good
/
wonderful
time
=
enjoy
oneself
例题：We
had
a
good
time
in
the
park
last
Sunday.
=
We
___________
___________
in
the
park
last
Sunday.
6.
walk
to
school
=
go
to
school
on
foot
例题：My
brother
always
walks
to
school.
=
My
brother
always
go
to
school
____________
____________.
7.
want
to
do
=
would
like
to
do
例题：She
would
like
to
be
an
English
teacher
when
she
grows
up.
=
She
____________
____________
be
an
English
teacher
when
she
grows
up.
8.
A
wants
to
be
a/an
+职业
=
A’s
ambition
is
to
be
a/an
+职业
例题：She
wants
to
be
a
doctor.
=
Her
____________
is
____________
be
a
doctor.
I
hope
I
will
become
an
astronaut.
=
My
____________
____________
to
become
an
astronaut..
9.
be
a/an
+职业
=
work
as
a/an
+职业
例题：Now
he
is
a
professor
in
a
university.
=
Now
he
____________
____________
a
professor
in
a
university.
Mr.
White
has
been
an
engineer
for
about
ten
years.
=
Mr.
White
has
____________
____________
an
engineer
for
about
ten
years.
10.
visit
=
come
and
see
例题：He
will
visit
me
next
weekend.
=
He
will
____________
and
____________
me
next
weekend.
11.
A
is
B’s
favourite.
=
B
likes
A
best.
例题：Which
is
your
favourite
sport?
=
What
sport
do
you
____________
____________?
She
likes
Maths
best.
=
Her
____________
____________
is
Maths.
12.
A’s
name
is
B.=A
is
called/named
B.
例题：I
have
a
sister.
Her
name
is
Helen.
=
I
have
a
sister
____________
____________.
13.
own
=have
例题：Did
your
friend
own
a
new
computer?
=
Did
your
friend
____________
a
new
computer?
14.
study
to
do
例题：Cindy
is
studying
at
university.
She
wants
to
be
a
pilot
=
Cindy
is
studying
at
university
____________
____________
a
pilot
at
university.
语法精讲
Question
Word（疑问词）
意思
用法
例句
who
谁
问人的身份，姓名等
He?is?LiLie???
Who?is?he??
He?is?my?brother.
Who?is?he??
whom
谁
问人的身份，姓名等(问宾语）
I?can?ask?him?the?question.?
Whom??can?you?ask?the?question?
what
什么
问人的职业或事物是什么
He?is?a?worker.????What?is?he??
He?has?a?book.????What?does?he?have??
which
哪一个
问一定范围内特指的人或物
The?big?box?is?mine.?Which?box?is
yours??
The?girl?at?the?door?is?Ann.??Which?girl?is?Ann??
whose
谁的
问所属关系
This?is?her?book.
Whose?book?is?this??
This?book?is?hers.??Whose?is?this?book??
What
color
什么颜色
问颜色（表语）
My?skirt?is?red.?What?color?is?your?skirt?
What
time
几点
问点时间
We?play?games?at?five?in?the?afternoon???
What?time?do?you?play?games??
when
什么时候
问时间
We?play?games?in?the?afternoon???When?do?you?play?games?
where
什么地方
问地点（状语）
We?play?games?at?home?on?Sunday???
Where?do?you?play?games?on?Sunday??
why
为什么
问原因
He?isn't?at?school?today?because?he?is?ill.?
Why?isn't?he?at?school?today??
how
怎样
问健康状况、做事的方式等
He?is?fine/strong.??
?How?is?he???
I?go?home?by?bike.??How?do?you?go?home?
how?
old
多大几岁
问年龄
He?is?ten.?????How?old?is?he??
how?
many
多少
跟复数名词，问数量?
There?are?thirty?boys?in?my?class.?
How?many?boys?are?there?in?your?class?
how?
much
多少
跟不可数名词，问数量或价钱
There?is?some?milk?in?the?bottle.?
How?much?milk?is?there?in?the?bottle?
how?far
多远
问路程
It's?five?kilometers?away?from?here???How?far?is?it?from?here?
how?
soon
多久
问in+一段时间
He?can?finish?it?in?half?an?hour.?How?soon?can?he?finish?it??
how?
long
多久，多长
问一段时间，问物体的长短
He?has?lived?here?for?a?year.??How?long?has?he?lived?here??
The?desk?is?one?meters?long.???How?long?is?the?desk???
how?
often
多久（一次）
问频率
I?go?to?see?my?parents?once?a?month.
How?often?do?you?go?to?see?your?parents?
对画线部分提问，除了要注意选择正确的疑问词外，还要注意语序的运用。
2）肯定句改特殊疑问句的方法——四步法
1、在一般疑问句的基础上，句首添加一个疑问词即可，可根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词。
2、接着找be动词或can，shall，
will等放在疑问词后面，若没有则请助动词do/does/did帮忙，写在疑问词后面，如果划线部分是作为一个修饰成分后面接了名词，必须先写修饰的物品，再写be动词或助动词等。
3、划线部分去掉后剩下的内容照抄，（some
改成any，my改成your等）
4、句点改成问号。
用疑问词what等开头，就某一具体部分提问的疑问词称为特殊疑问词。
特殊疑问句基本结构是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句结构。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语，就用“特殊疑问词+陈述句结构”。常用的疑问词有：what，who（whom），whose，which，when，where，how，why等，回答时针对问句中的疑问代词和疑问副词来回答，不用yes或no来回答。
）对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用what。
Eg.what
do
you
usually
do
at
weekends?你周末经常做些什么？
)对名词的定语提出疑问，疑问词可用which，而且必须和名词连用，也可用when。
Eg：Which
lady
is
your
class
teacher？哪些女士是你的班主任？
)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。
Eg：Whose
pen
is
it？这是谁的钢笔？
）对具体时间提出疑问，如in
the
morning，last
Sunday等，疑问词用when；对具体几点钟提问，疑问词可用what
time，也可用when。
Eg：When
does
your
mother
get
up
every
morning？（你妈妈每天早上时候起床？）
）对具体地点提出疑问，用疑问词where。
Eg：where
are
you
from？你来自哪里？
）对表示原因的从句提问，常见的有because引导的从句，疑问词应用why。
Eg：why
did
you
get
up
early
this
morning？（你今天早上为什么起得很早？）
）对方式或车程度等提出疑问，用疑问词how。
Eg：how
do
you
go
to
school
everyday？
）对数量提出疑问，疑问词为how
many/how
much,注意how
many只对可数名词复数提问。
Eg：how
many
friends
do
you
have？你有多少个朋友？
）对价格提问，疑问词要用how
much。
Eg：how
much
did
you
pay
for
the
sweater?
）对时间长度提问，疑问词用how
long。
Eg：How
long
have
you
been
in
Shanghai？你上海待了多长时间？
）对时间频率，如once
a
year，twice
a
week等提问，疑问词用how
often。
Eg：how
often
do
you
go
to
the
cinema?
)对具体的次数，如：once，twice，three
times等提问，疑问词用how
many
times。
）对“in+一段时间”提问，疑问词一般用how
soon。
Eg:How
soon
will
Jane
and
her
brother
finish
the
work?
)对距离提出疑问，疑问词用how
far。
Eg：how
far
is
it
from
your
school
to
your
home？
注意：特殊疑问句基本形式是：疑问词+一般疑问句结构
提问事情用what，提问时间用when，提问地方用where，提问年龄用how
old，提问数量用how
many/how
much.
不定冠词的基本用法??
一、a还是an?
不定冠词有a?和?an两种形式其区别是：a?用于辅音音素前，an?用于元音音素前：?
a?dog?一条狗?????????a?dictionary?一本词典??????a?student?一个学生?an?egg?一只鸡蛋??????an?elephant?一只大象???????an?island?一个岛?
【说明】有些以元音字母开头的单词，由于它不是以元音开头，其前仍用a：?a?university?student一个大学生??????a?European?country一个欧洲国家?
同时，有些单词虽然以辅音字母开头，由于它的第一个读音为元音，其前用an：?an?honest?man?一个诚实的人???????an?honorable?deed?高尚的行为?以下各例均用了an，也是因为紧跟在其后的词语以元音开头：?miss?an?“m”?漏写一个m???????????an?8-year?plan?一个8年计划???
二、不定冠词的类别用法?
即指明某一类别的人或事物，并将其与其他类的人或事物区别开来。?
1.?泛指指某一类人或物中的任何一个：?
We?need?a?boy?to?do?the?work.?我们需要一个男孩来做这工作。?下定义时通常这样用：?
A?teacher?is?a?person?who?teaches.?教师就是教书的人。?
?笼统指某类中的某一个，但又不具体说明是哪一个：?
He?bought?a?computer?yesterday.?他昨天买了台电脑。?比较：?
A?tiger?can?be?dangerous.?老虎是危险的。(泛指任何一只老虎)??
A?tiger?has?escaped.?有一只老虎逃跑了。(指某只老虎，但不具体说明是哪只)??
3.?用于补语或同位语前，表示某人的身份、职业、国籍等：?He?is?a?Frenchman.?他是法国人。?My?father?is?a?doctor.?我父亲是医生。???
三、不定冠词的数量用法?
即表示“一”的意思，含有数量意味。?
1.?表示类似数词?one?的含义，但语气比?one?要弱：?
I’ll?be?able?to?finish?it?in?a?day?or?two.?
在一两天内我会完成此事。
It?took?us?an?hour?and?a?half?to?get?there.?去那儿花了我们一个半小时。???????
四、不定冠词的其他用法?
1.?用于序数词之前，表示数量或序数的增加：?
Soon?I?saw?a?second?plane.?不久我又看到了另一架飞机。?
“This?is?the?second?time?that?I’ve?read?the?book.”?“Do?you?want?to?read?it?a?third?time?”?“这是我第二次看这本书。”“你还想看第三次吗?”?
2.?用于表示“非常”、“很”等意义的?most?前：?
This?is?a?most?interesting?story.?这是一个非常有趣的故事。?
?用于物质名词前，使之转化为具体名词，表示“一种”、“一杯之量”等：?
A?coffee,?please.?请给我来杯咖啡。?I’d?like?a?tea,?please.?我要来杯茶。?
4.?用于抽象名词前，使之具体化，表示与该之相关的具体的人或事：?He?was?a?success?in?business.?他事业成功。?
It’s?a?pleasure?to?talk?with?you.?同你谈话是件令人愉快的事。?
?用于指人的专有名词前，指某人、某人的作品或艺术品、…似(式)的人等：?A?Mr?Smith?wants?to?see?you.?一位名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。?
He?bought?a?complete?Lu?Hsun.?他买了一套鲁迅全集。?
He?thought?he?was?a?Zhu?Geliang.?他自以为是诸葛亮。?
?用于某些由动词转化来或具有动作意味的名词前，表示一次、一番等义(通常与?have,?take,?make,?give?等动词连用)：?
Let’s?go?out?for?a?walk.?我们出去走走吧。?
Do?you?care?for?a?smoke??抽烟吗???
Would?you?like?a?drink??要喝一杯吗???
?有的不可数名词或本来带有定冠词?the的名词，由于受定语的修饰，其前可用不定冠词，表示某种状态。此时的不定冠词含有类似a?kind?of?的意思：?
have?breakfast?吃早餐?─?have?a?quick?breakfast?吃快餐?
the?world?世界?─?a?world?like?ours?像我们这样的世界?
?构成短语表示数量：
a?few?apples?几个苹果????????a?little?money?一点点钱?
a?lot?of?time?许多时间????????a?great?many?friends?许多朋友
课堂练习
练习一：
I.改写句子：?
1.?We?had?a?meeting?with?our?manager?yesterday?afternoon.(改为一般疑问句)?
______?you?______?a?meeting?with?your?manager?yesterday?afternoon??
2.?I?became?an?engineer?_in?1990_?.(就划线部分提问)?
______?did?you?become?an?engineer??
3.?Ben?goes?traveling?with?_his?parents__?once?a?year?.(就划线部分提问)?
______???______Ben?go?traveling?with?once?a?year?\?
4.??I?saw?your?name?in?Pen?friends?magazine?(改为否定句)?
I______???______?your?name?in?Pen?friends?magazine?
5?.??Mrs.?Smith?has?worked?as?an?English?teacher?_since?1998_.?(就划线部分提问)?
_______???_______?has?Mrs.?Smith?worked?as?an?English?teacher??
?II:?选择题?
(??)?1.Last?month,?Jimmy’s?father?gave?him?______?MP4?as?______?birthday?present.?
???A.?a?a????????????B.?an;?an?????????????C.?a;?an????????????D.?an;?a?????????????????????
(??)?2.?The?hole?is?______?.Be?careful?not?to?fall?into?it.???
??A.?two?metre?deep????B.?two?metres?deep?????C.?two-?metre-?deep????D?two-metres-?deep.???????????????????
(??)?3.?My?hobby?is?______?computer?games?and?I?also?enjoy?______?the?guitar.?
??A?.playing??to?play????B.?playing??playing?????C.?to?play??to?play????D.?play;?playing???????????????????????
(??)?4.?I?am?good?at?drawing?.?Art?is?my?______subject?of?all???
??A?.good????????????B.?well????????????????C.?better?????????????D?.?best?????????????????????????????
(??)?5.?______?parents?moved?to?Australia?ten?years?ago??
??A.?Whose?????????B.?Who???????????C.?Who’s?????????D.?Whom???
III．词性转换：?
1.??There?is?a?_____?at?the?end?of?a?letter.(sign)?
2.?He?_______(usual)?takes?an?underground?to?work.?
3.?Jackie?Chan?is?a?famous?_____?(act)?in?Asia.?
4.?The?old?lady?is?always?________to?her?neighbors.?(friend)?
5.??Jon?is?an?________(engine)?in?this?car?factory?and?he?does?______(good)?in?repairing?cars.?
IV．改写句子：??
1.???Danny?will?come?back?home?during?the?holidays.(改为否定句)?
Danny______?come?back?home?during?the?holidays.?
2.???I?will?go?travelling?on?the?moon?in?thirty?years’?time.(?就划线部分提问)?
_______??________will?you?go?travelling?on?the?moon????
3.???Dick?is?interested?in?collecting?stamps.?(保持原意不变)?
Dick?is?______?______?collecting?stamps.?
??Ben?received?a?letter?from?his?friend,?Jill.(保持原句意思不变）??????
Ben?_______??_______?his?friend?,?Jill.?
??The?new?watch?cost?me?1000?dollars.?（就划线部分提问）?????
?How?_______??______?this?new?watch?cost?you???
?
练习二：?
I:?选择题?
(??)?1.?______?do?you?like?better,?Coke?orange?juice??
??A.?What????????????B.?Which?????????????C.?How????????????D.?Where??????????????????????????????
(??)?2.Their?hope?is?______?a?teacher?for?Project?Hope.?
??A.?be??????????????B.?being??????????????C.?to?be????????????D.?to?being?????????????????????????????
(??)?3.Susan?is?______?architect?who?always?draw?buildings?plans.??
??A.?an???????????????B.?a?????????????C.?the???????????D.?/?????????????????????????????????????????
(??)?4.?I?hope?you?______?to?me?soon??
??A.?to?write???????????????B.?wrote??????????C.?will?write????????D.?writing?
(??)?5.?His?father?felt?______?when?he?got?the?bad?news.??
??A.?sad????????????B??sadly??????????C.?happy?????????D.?happily?
II．词性转换：?
1.??The?Blacks?always?go?______?during?the?winter?holidays.(ski)?
2.?I?_______?a?photo?of?myself?and?some?of?my?school?friends.?(close)?
3.?She?always?goes?out?with?a?pair?of?sun?______?in?summer?(glass)?
4.?I?showed?three?________(Germany)?around?our?school?and?our?neighbourhood?last?Monday.?
5.?Madam?Curie?was?one?of?the?most?famous?________?(science)?in?the?world.?
III．改写句子：?
?There?were?few?trees?along?the?river,?_______??________???（反意疑问）?
?We?know?only?a?little?about?SPCA.??（划线提问）?
_______??_______??_______?you?know?about?SPCA??
?Some?people?went?to?Beijing?by?plane?yesterday.??（保持愿意）?
Some?people?_______??______?Beijing?yesterday/?
?It?takes?him?an?hour?to?learn?English?every?week.??（保持愿意）?
He?________?an?hour?__________?English?every?week.?
?It?is?100?metres?from?our?school?to?my?home.??（划线提问）?
______??______?is?it?from?our?school?to?my?home??
?
练习三：
?I:?选择题?
(??)?1.?His?father?felt?______?when?he?got?the?bad?news.??
??A.?sad??????????????????B??sadly????????????C.?happy?????????D.?happily?
(??)?2.?Thank?you?_________?me?with?my?homework.??
??A.?to?helping?????B.?for?help?????C.?in?help??????D.?for?helping?
(??)?3.?My?parents?told?me?________?back?late.?
??A.?don’t?come????B.?to?not?come???C.?not?coming???D.?not?to?come?
(??)?4.?We?will?go?to?visit?Nanpu?Bridge?if?it?_________?fine?tomorrow.???
A.?is??????B.?are?????C.?will?be??????D.?be??
(??)?5.?I?am?good?at?drawing?.?Art?is?my?______subject?of?all???
??A?.good????????????B.?well????????????????C.?better?????????????D?.?best?
II．词性转换：?
???I?didn’t?pass?the?English?exam?yesterday.?English?is?my?_______subject?of?all.(bad)?
?Ken?is?a?model?student?in?our?class.?He?studies?hard?for?his?______?(ambitious)?
?The?rich?man?_______?(owner)?a?house,?a?car?and?a?software?company.?
4.?Jackie?Chan?is?a?famous?_____?(act)?in?Asia.?
5.?The?old?lady?is?always?________to?her?neighbors.?(friend)?
III．改写句子：?
1.?He?has?already?told?me?the?good?news.(改为否定句)?
He________??_______?me?the?good?news?_______?
2.?We?will?have?a?meeting?at?1:00p.m.(就划线部分提问)?
_______??_______?will?you?have?a?meeting??
3.?She?did?some?cooking?for?her?daughter?yesterday?(改为一般疑问句)?
_______?she?_______??_______??cooking?for?her?daughter?yesterday??
4.?Sam?,?please?turn?off?the?light!?(改为否定句)?
Sam,?please?_______???_______?off?the?light?!?
5.?The?problem?is?so?difficult?that?all?the?students?can’t?work?it?out?(保持原意不变)?
The?problem?is?_______?difficult_______?all?the?students?______work?out?
练习一：I：1.did
have
2.when
3.whom
does
4.didn’t
see
5.how
long
II:1-5DBBDA
III:1.signature
2.usually
3.actor
4.friendly
5.engineer
6.well
IV：1.won't
2.how
soon
3.keen
on
4.heard
from
5.much
money
练习二：I：1-5BCACA
II：1.skiing
2.enclose
3.glasses
4.Germans
5.scientist
III：1.were
there
2.how
much
do
3.flew
to
4.spend
on
5.how
far
练习三：I：1-5ADDAD
II：1.worst
2.ambition
3.owns
4.actor
5.friendly
III:
1.
hasn't
told
yet
2.what’s
time
3.did
do
any
4.don’t
turn
5.too
for
to
参考答案
课堂练习
练习一：I：1.did
have
2.when
3.whom
does
4.didn’t
see
5.how
long
II:1-5DBBDA
III:1.signature
2.usually
3.actor
4.friendly
5.engineer
6.well
IV：1.won't
2.how
soon
3.keen
on
4.heard
from
5.much
money
练习二：I：1-5BCACA
II：1.skiing
2.enclose
3.glasses
4.Germans
5.scientist
III：1.were
there
2.how
much
do
3.flew
to
4.spend
on
5.how
far
练习三：I：1-5ADDAD
II：1.worst
2.ambition
3.owns
4.actor
5.friendly
III:
1.
hasn't
told
yet
2.what’s
time
3.did
do
any
4.don’t
turn
5.too
for
to
课后作业
A：1.job
2.works
3.cook
4.special
5.advertisement
6.energy
7.come
8.offered
9.cooking
10.better
B：1.late
2.special
3.works
4.first
5.plays
6.time
7.at
once
8.still
9.lower
10.won
C：1.stopped
2.back
3.reason
4.back
5.until
6.think
7.heard
8.more
9.share
10.same
D:1.together
2.discuss
3.learning
4.held
5.first
6.biggest
E:1.accountant
2.enclose
3.ambition
4.attend
5.scientist
6.physical
F:1.A
2.B
3.D
4.C
5.C
6.D