通悟语法系列7：并列句和状语从句课件（73张PPT）

第7讲　
并列句和状语从句
(一)并列句
　　并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中, 这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。
考点1　并列连词
【考题小练】
单句语法填空
1. As a visitor or guest in _____ a Chinese home or
restaurant, you will find that table manners are
essential in our daily life!
either
2. Their car broke down halfway ____ they had to stay
in a small inn for the night.
3. Be careful about what you say __ you may regret it.
4. She was not feeling very well, __ she stayed at home
all day.
and
or
so
5. You may want to keep a calm mindset, ___ you should
never stop fighting for yourselves!
but
【考点精讲】
1. 并列连词的用法
用法
连词
例句
表并列、递进或顺承关系
and, both. . . and. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but(also). . . , not. . . but. . . 等
*He not only read the book but also remembered what he had read.
表转折、对比关系
but, while等
*It often rains in the south, while it seldom rains in the north.
用法
连词
例句
表选择关系
either. . . or. . . , or等
*Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.
表因果关系
for, so等
*He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
2. 使用并列连词的注意事项
(1)主谓一致中的就近原则: neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but also. . . 和not. . . but. . . 在连接并列主语时, 谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致。
*Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
(2)倒装: not only. . . but also. . . 在连接并列分句时, 如果not only置于句首, not only所在的句子要用部分倒装。
*Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
(3)“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型是近年来高考的热点, 有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。
*Register in Renren, and you will be able to get in touch with the friends whom you haven’t seen for a long time.
(4)下列句型中常用并列连词when:
①be going to do sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 这时(突然)……”
②be about to do sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 这时(突然)……”
③be on the point of doing sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 这时(突然)……”
④be doing sth. when. . . “正在做某事, 这时(突然)……”
⑤had done sth. when. . . “刚做了某事, 这时(突然)……”
*He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.
*She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
【题组训练】
单句语法填空
1. Literacy involves a variety of learning in enabling
individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their
knowledge, ____ to participate fully in society.
and
2. She rushed to a conductor. “Excuse me, I left my
bag on the other train. Can you stop the train? ” The
conductor replied, “Oh, I’m sorry, ___we cannot let
you off. ”
but
3. The court heard that neither Daly ____ Miss Hicks,
22, was wearing seatbelts at the time of the collision
that happened on November 17, 2011.
nor
4. Whether I was in the car, the house, __ anywhere
else there was sure to be some Beatles, or Buddy Holly
constantly playing in the background.
5. Remember, a winner is not one who never fails, ___
one who never quits!
or
but
(二)状语从句
考点2　常见的状语从句
【考题小练】
单句语法填空
1. ______ she picked up the phone after dinner to
continue the game, she started to feel that something
was wrong with her right eye.
When
2. __ we make good use of public transport, the
environment will be better.
3. He keeps taking exercise in winter no matter ____
cold it is.
4. I’ll have my computer fixed immediately _______ I
need it badly for my work.
If
how
because
5. He has made such rapid progress ____ he was
praised by his teacher three times a day.
that
【考点精讲】
1. 时间状语从句
(1)when, while与as引导的时间状语从句
连词
从句谓语动词
用法指津
when
延续性动词
非延续性动词
从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生, 也可以先后发生; 当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构, 而其主语和主句的主语一致, 其表语又是一个名词时, 就可以用由as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句
连词
从句谓语动词
用法指津
while
延续性动词
从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as
延续性动词
强调主从句动作相伴发生, 可译为“一边……一边……; 随着”
*We will ensure that people from Taiwan will enjoy the same treatment as local people when they pursue their studies or seek jobs in mainland.
*Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.
*As he grew older, he became less active.
(2)before与since引导的时间状语从句
①before与since的常用句式
连词
词义
常用句式
before
在……之前; 还未……就……; ……才……; 趁……; 还没来得及……
(1)It will (not) be+一段时间+before. . . “(没有)过……(时间)才……”
(2) It was not/won’t long before. . . “不久……就……”
(3) It was+时间段+before. . . “过了……(时间)才……”
连词
词义
常用句式
since
自从……以来
It is/has been+一段时间+since. . . (从句用一般过去时)
*It will be half a year before I come back.
*It won’t be long before we meet again.
*It was three days before he came back.
②since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词, 所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起; 若用延续性动词或状态动词, 所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。
*It’s two years since we arrived here.
*It is five years since the boy was a Young Pioneer.
(3)表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句
①引导时间状语从句, 且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly/scarcely. . . when. . . , no sooner. . . than. . . 等。
*We will leave the minute you are ready.
*Directly I received his letter I went to see him.
②hardly/scarcely. . . when. . . , no sooner. . . than. . . 中主句应用过去完成时, 从句应用一般过去时; 当no sooner. . . 和hardly/scarcely. . . 位于句首时, 主句要用部分倒装。
*The old man had hardly stepped down from the bus when it started.
*Scarcely had she heard the sad story when she burst out crying.
(4)until与till引导的时间状语从句
连词
位置
用法
注意事项
until
可以放
在句首
not. . . until可用于强调句型
(1)until/till用于肯定句时主句的谓语动词是延续性动词, 用于否定句时主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词
(2) not until位于句首时, 主句要用部分倒装
till
不可放
在句首
一般不用于强调句型
*If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait until/till it comes out on DVD.
*It was not until he told me about it again that I had any idea of it.
*Not until he told me about it again did I have any idea of it.
(5)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)
after, whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。
*Every time I express an opinion, she always argues back.
【点津】
by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时, 主句用将来完成时; 从句如果用一般过去时, 主句用过去完成时。
*By the time you come back, we will have finished the job.
*By the time I got to the station, the bus had already driven off.
2. 条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句的常见引导词
if, unless, as/so long as, in case(万一), once, on condition that, provided/providing(that), supposing (that)等。
* I may not come to see you unless I can complete the project ahead of time.
*I don’t mind where you go, as long as you’re back before midnight.
*Supposing/Suppose (that)they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
*They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.
(2)条件状语从句的时态
用一般现在时代替一般将来时, 用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
*If everyone does his part, the project will surely be a success.
3. 让步状语从句
引导词
从句位置
语序
特别说明
although
灵活
正常
①although与though都可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用, 但不能和but连用。
②though还可以作副词, 意为“可是, 然而”, 置于句末。
③whoever,
whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句, 但“no matter+疑问词”不可以。
though
灵活
正常或倒装
as
句首
倒装(即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首, 若表语是单数名词, 前置时要省略冠词)
while
句首
正常
even if与even
though
灵活
正常
no matter
+疑问词/
疑问词+ever
灵活
正常
whether. . .
or not
句首
正常
*Although/Though he may be troubled, (yet/ still) he always presents a calm smiling face.
*Much as/though I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
*While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
4. 结果状语从句
(1)so. . . that中so后面跟形容词或副词。
*I was so tired that I lost myself during marching.
(2)such. . . that中such后面跟名词。
*There was such a crush on the train that I could hardly breathe.
【点津】巧辨so. . . that和such. . . that
名前such, 形、副so, that从句跟在后;
多多少少必用so, 特别注意是little;
“小”用such, “少”用so。
5. 原因状语从句
(1)because用来回答why的提问, 语气最强, 一般放在主句之后。
*The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.
(2)since/now that表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因, 多放在句首。
*Since you have done that, stop blaming yourself.
(3)as引导的从句常放在句首, 说明次要的原因, 主句说明结果, 常用于口语中。
*As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.
【点津】when, seeing that, considering that表示“既然, 考虑到”, 也可引导原因状语从句。
*It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.
*She is very active, considering that she is getting on in years.
【题组训练】
单句语法填空
1. Many students who have problems won’t go for advice
or help _______________ it is quite necessary.
although/though
2. Share a book with a child who might need it, share a
story with someone who would treasure it, and listen
patiently to someone else’s story ________they share it
with you.
as/ when
3. We know that ________ task your group is given, a
few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive
and successful experience.
4. “We think daigou are a positive force __________
they are good for the local economy. ” says Peter
Nathan, chief executive of the local food industry.
whatever
because/ as
5. Human is such a strange animal that we mostly
ignore something _________________we lose it.
until/ before/ unless
考点3　其他状语从句
【考题小练】
单句语法填空
1. The city traffic will provide hard points for the buses
to overcome, since they have to work ______ common
cars and other road users may not be predictable.
where
2. I am studying hard so ____I can go to a famous
university.
3. The house was greatly damaged by the truck and
we’d better leave it __ it is until the police arrive.
that
as
【考点精讲】
1. 地点状语从句
(1)where与wherever意义基本相同, 但后者语气较强, 多用于书面语。
*I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise where I am sitting.
*Put it wherever we see it.
(2)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
*Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
2. 目的状语从句
(1)so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词can, could等。
*They flew there in order that/so that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.
(2)in order that引导的从句可位于主句之前或之后, so that引导的从句只能位于主句之后。
*In order that we could save time we used the computer.
(3)for fear that(唯恐, 以防)与in case引导的目的状语从句中, 谓语动词有时也用should/might/could+动词原形。
*Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity (should) leak away.
*He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.
【点津】in case当“万一, 如果”讲时, 引导条件状语从句。
*In case he leaves, please inform me.
3. 方式状语从句
(1)as引导方式状语从句, 意为“按照”。
*Will you please do the experiment as I am doing?
(2)as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样; 从句中可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实, 也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实相反。
*Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.
4. 比较状语从句
(1) as. . . as; not so/as. . . as; the same. . . as表示相同程度的比较, 肯定句用as. . . as, 否定句可用not as. . . as或not so. . . as。
*He doesn’t run so/as fast as Jack (does).
(2)than表示不同程度的比较, 主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。
*He runs less fast than me.
【题组训练】
单句语法填空
1. One day, he went there buying a CD __ he did every
day.
2. This made the goat so jealous ____ it began plotting
(谋划) against the donkey.
as
that
3. She has __ much experience that she has a very good
knowledge of herbal medicine.
4. With a car, a person can go ______he pleases and
when he pleases.
5. He woke up as suddenly __ he had fallen asleep.
so
where
as
语法填空解题技法
【高考试水区】
1. Small amounts of Caffeine—a cup __ two of coffee a
day—seem safe for most people.
or
2. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia, especially the
so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea
____ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
and
3. (2018·天津高考) Stand over there ____ you’ll be able
to see it better.
4. (2018·天津高考)Let’s not pick these peaches until
this weekend so ____ they get sweet enough to be eaten.
and
that
5. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time, ________the population
grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it
would cook more quickly.
as/ when
【微技能点拨】
1. 完整的句子中, 如果两个单词或短语并列, 要填并列连词;
2. 若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号, 也没有连词, 空格处必定填连词;
3. 牢记特殊句式中连词的运用;
4. 全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词, 熟悉它们的用法;
5. 准确判断主从句的逻辑关系, 同时要注意区分易混词: 如果主从句是因果关系, 则要考虑用because/as/since; 如果主从句有时间先后之分, 则要考虑用时间状语从句的连词; 如果从句为主句的条件, 则要考虑用if; 如果从句表示让步, 则要考虑用although或though或while; 如果有that, 则要考虑用so和such。