通悟语法系列8：定语从句 （讲练结合）课件（40张PPT）
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| 名称 | 通悟语法系列8：定语从句 （讲练结合）课件（40张PPT） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2020-08-10 08:51:23 | ||
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第8讲
定语从句
作定语的从句被称为定语从句, 定语从句修饰的词叫先行词, 引导定语从句的词叫关系词, 关系词分为两种: 1. 关系代词。2. 关系副词。
考点1 关系代词
【考题小练】
单句语法填空
1. Three months ago, Xi returned to his high school, to
visit a laboratory and talk to teachers and students
________were designing the small satellite.
who/that
2. The book tells us some skills such as how to put
everything ____we have learned from life into
beautiful pictures.
3. It was raining heavily, ______ kept us indoors.
that
which
【考点精讲】
关系代词一览表
关系代词
先行词
句法功能
who
人
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom
人
宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose(=of
whom/of which)
人或物
定语
关系代词
先行词
句法功能
that
人或物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which
物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
1. 限制性定语从句中, 只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。
*Try to ask others if there is anything that you can do to make their day better.
(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。
*The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
*This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
(4)先行词既有人也有物时。
*They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey.
(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
*Which is the bike that you lost?
2. 只用which不用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
*We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。
*The ancient city of Phoenix is a popular tourist attraction in China, which dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period.
3. the same. . . as与the same. . . that
the same. . . as表示相似或同类的东西; the same. . . that表示同一人或物。
*This is the same book as he lent me last week.
这本书和他上周借给我的书一样。
*This is the same book that he lent me last week.
这就是他上周借给我的书。
4. such/so. . . as与such/so. . . that
such/so. . . as(定语从句)像……那样, as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语; such/so. . . that(结果状语从句)如此……以至于, that在从句中不作成分。
*The old man is so hard-working a gardener as quite a few gardens want to hire as a full-time worker.
*The Nobel Peace Prize is given to such people as have made great contributions to maintaining global peace and stability.
5. 引导非限制性定语从句的as与which
位置不同
表意不同
as
引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中
意为“正如……”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等
which
引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后
意为“这一点”或“这件事”等
*As is known to all, the sun rises in the east.
*After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.
【题组训练】
单句语法填空
1. Every day, the Americans throw away 500 million
plastic straws, ______ are enough to circle the earth
twice.
2. The video, ______ length was just 7 seconds, has been
viewed more than 19 million times in just two days.
which
whose
3. To those _________have read the book, the young
actors and actresses brought the characters alive again.
4. ___ is expected, these programs should be positive in
their forms as well as functions.
who/ that
As
考点2 关系副词
【考题小练】
单句语法填空
1. So long as you stick to it, the moment will definitely
come _____ you can have your dream come true.
when
2. When I turned around, I saw a red car like my own
come out of the street ______ I had parked.
3. I don’t know the reason ____ he was absent today.
where
why
【考点精讲】
关系副词一览表
关系副词
先行词
句法功能
when
时间
时间状语
where
地点、情形、状况、活动、
关键点等
地点状语
why
原因
原因状语
*Unfortunately, few people speak English in the environment where we live.
*My grandmother lived in a generation when women were looked down upon.
*Do you know the reason why he didn’t attend the meeting?
【点津】
(1)如果定语从句修饰point, situation, part, stage, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词, 定语从句常用where引导, 意思是“到了某种地步, 在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。
(2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词, 且后面的定语从句缺少方式状语时可以用that或in which引导定语从句, 也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语, 要用that或which引导定语从句, 也可以省略关系词。
*What surprised me was not what he said but the way in which(that/不填) he said it.
【题组训练】
单句语法填空
1. I can still recall the day _____ I sat on the stairs of a
temple in Nepal.
2. There are times _____ nothing seems to go our way.
So what do we do about it?
when
when
3. Very few parents are agitating for (倡导) computer
instruction in poor school districts, ______there may
be barely enough money to pay the teacher. \
4. She didn’t tell me the reason ____ she refused the
offer.
where
why
5. They have reached the point ______they have to
separate from each other.
where
考点3 介词+关系代词
【考题小练】
单句语法填空
1. Is this the pen with ______ you wrote the letter?
2. This is the man _____ whom I learnt the news.
3. The reason ___which he refused to go to the party
was that they had not invited him to.
which
from
for
【考点精讲】在“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择依据
1. 定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
*Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.
2. 定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯
*He bought the car for more than $20, 000, with which his father was angry.
3. 根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词
*I am looking for my glasses, without which I can’t watch TV clearly.
4. 表示所属关系的of which/whom
*Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
注意: the+ n. +of which(whom)可与whose+ n. 互换。
5. 表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom
*He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever.
【点津】选择介词的3个原则
(1)根据句子意思表达的需要;
(2)根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯;
(3)根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。
【题组训练】
单句语法填空
1. The two things __ which they felt proud were Jim’s
gold watch and Della’s hair.
2. The boy pointed to the direction __ which he would
run.
of
in
3. This is not the book of ______ the teacher spoke in
class.
4. The man, from ______ I learned the news, is an
engineer.
5. What’s worse, it drove us crazy to look at all the
salty water around, none of ______ was safe to drink.
which
whom
which
【高考试水区】
1. (2018·全国卷I) Two of the authors of the review also
made a study published in 2014 __________showed a
mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the
risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
that/ which
2. (2017·全国卷I) Like anything, it is possible to have
too much of both, ______ is not good for the health.
3. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ) But Sarah, ____ has taken part in
shows along with top models, wants to prove that she
has brains as well as beauty.
which
who
4. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes
back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _____
I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film
a special unit caring for pandas rescued from
starvation in the wild.
when
【微技能点拨】
关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则
①如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that; 非限制性定语从句中用who。
②如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定语从句中用whom。
③如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用which。
④如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 定语从句中用when或where; 如果从句缺少的是主语或宾语, 则用that或which。
⑤如果先行词指人, “介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom; 如果先行词指物, “介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。
定语从句
作定语的从句被称为定语从句, 定语从句修饰的词叫先行词, 引导定语从句的词叫关系词, 关系词分为两种: 1. 关系代词。2. 关系副词。
考点1 关系代词
【考题小练】
单句语法填空
1. Three months ago, Xi returned to his high school, to
visit a laboratory and talk to teachers and students
________were designing the small satellite.
who/that
2. The book tells us some skills such as how to put
everything ____we have learned from life into
beautiful pictures.
3. It was raining heavily, ______ kept us indoors.
that
which
【考点精讲】
关系代词一览表
关系代词
先行词
句法功能
who
人
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom
人
宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose(=of
whom/of which)
人或物
定语
关系代词
先行词
句法功能
that
人或物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which
物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
1. 限制性定语从句中, 只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。
*Try to ask others if there is anything that you can do to make their day better.
(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。
*The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
*This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
(4)先行词既有人也有物时。
*They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey.
(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
*Which is the bike that you lost?
2. 只用which不用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
*We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。
*The ancient city of Phoenix is a popular tourist attraction in China, which dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period.
3. the same. . . as与the same. . . that
the same. . . as表示相似或同类的东西; the same. . . that表示同一人或物。
*This is the same book as he lent me last week.
这本书和他上周借给我的书一样。
*This is the same book that he lent me last week.
这就是他上周借给我的书。
4. such/so. . . as与such/so. . . that
such/so. . . as(定语从句)像……那样, as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语; such/so. . . that(结果状语从句)如此……以至于, that在从句中不作成分。
*The old man is so hard-working a gardener as quite a few gardens want to hire as a full-time worker.
*The Nobel Peace Prize is given to such people as have made great contributions to maintaining global peace and stability.
5. 引导非限制性定语从句的as与which
位置不同
表意不同
as
引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中
意为“正如……”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等
which
引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后
意为“这一点”或“这件事”等
*As is known to all, the sun rises in the east.
*After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.
【题组训练】
单句语法填空
1. Every day, the Americans throw away 500 million
plastic straws, ______ are enough to circle the earth
twice.
2. The video, ______ length was just 7 seconds, has been
viewed more than 19 million times in just two days.
which
whose
3. To those _________have read the book, the young
actors and actresses brought the characters alive again.
4. ___ is expected, these programs should be positive in
their forms as well as functions.
who/ that
As
考点2 关系副词
【考题小练】
单句语法填空
1. So long as you stick to it, the moment will definitely
come _____ you can have your dream come true.
when
2. When I turned around, I saw a red car like my own
come out of the street ______ I had parked.
3. I don’t know the reason ____ he was absent today.
where
why
【考点精讲】
关系副词一览表
关系副词
先行词
句法功能
when
时间
时间状语
where
地点、情形、状况、活动、
关键点等
地点状语
why
原因
原因状语
*Unfortunately, few people speak English in the environment where we live.
*My grandmother lived in a generation when women were looked down upon.
*Do you know the reason why he didn’t attend the meeting?
【点津】
(1)如果定语从句修饰point, situation, part, stage, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词, 定语从句常用where引导, 意思是“到了某种地步, 在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。
(2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词, 且后面的定语从句缺少方式状语时可以用that或in which引导定语从句, 也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语, 要用that或which引导定语从句, 也可以省略关系词。
*What surprised me was not what he said but the way in which(that/不填) he said it.
【题组训练】
单句语法填空
1. I can still recall the day _____ I sat on the stairs of a
temple in Nepal.
2. There are times _____ nothing seems to go our way.
So what do we do about it?
when
when
3. Very few parents are agitating for (倡导) computer
instruction in poor school districts, ______there may
be barely enough money to pay the teacher. \
4. She didn’t tell me the reason ____ she refused the
offer.
where
why
5. They have reached the point ______they have to
separate from each other.
where
考点3 介词+关系代词
【考题小练】
单句语法填空
1. Is this the pen with ______ you wrote the letter?
2. This is the man _____ whom I learnt the news.
3. The reason ___which he refused to go to the party
was that they had not invited him to.
which
from
for
【考点精讲】在“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择依据
1. 定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
*Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.
2. 定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯
*He bought the car for more than $20, 000, with which his father was angry.
3. 根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词
*I am looking for my glasses, without which I can’t watch TV clearly.
4. 表示所属关系的of which/whom
*Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
注意: the+ n. +of which(whom)可与whose+ n. 互换。
5. 表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom
*He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever.
【点津】选择介词的3个原则
(1)根据句子意思表达的需要;
(2)根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯;
(3)根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。
【题组训练】
单句语法填空
1. The two things __ which they felt proud were Jim’s
gold watch and Della’s hair.
2. The boy pointed to the direction __ which he would
run.
of
in
3. This is not the book of ______ the teacher spoke in
class.
4. The man, from ______ I learned the news, is an
engineer.
5. What’s worse, it drove us crazy to look at all the
salty water around, none of ______ was safe to drink.
which
whom
which
【高考试水区】
1. (2018·全国卷I) Two of the authors of the review also
made a study published in 2014 __________showed a
mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the
risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
that/ which
2. (2017·全国卷I) Like anything, it is possible to have
too much of both, ______ is not good for the health.
3. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ) But Sarah, ____ has taken part in
shows along with top models, wants to prove that she
has brains as well as beauty.
which
who
4. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes
back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _____
I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film
a special unit caring for pandas rescued from
starvation in the wild.
when
【微技能点拨】
关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则
①如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that; 非限制性定语从句中用who。
②如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定语从句中用whom。
③如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用which。
④如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 定语从句中用when或where; 如果从句缺少的是主语或宾语, 则用that或which。
⑤如果先行词指人, “介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom; 如果先行词指物, “介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。