(共38张PPT)
Unit
3 The
world
of
science
Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
词汇篇
1
必考重点词句
【课本回顾】
1.
press
v.
按
Presently
I
am
going
to
press
the
lever,
and
off
the
machine
will
go.
现在我要按下操纵杆,
松开手机器就开动了。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The
keyboard
could
offer
a
strong
layer
of
security
by
analyzing
things
like
the
force
of
a
user’s
typing
and
the
time
between
key
presses.
通过分析用户打字的力量和按键之间的时间,
键盘可以提供一个强大的安全层。
【高考连接】
【熟词生义】
The
press
are/is
interested
in
sports.
新闻界对体育运动感兴趣。
(
)
n.
新闻界
【导图理词】
【课本回顾】
2.
shoot
v.
射出(光、亮等),
放射
The
sun
shoots
its
beam
through
the
mist.
太阳透过薄雾射出光芒。
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Jeff
had
hunted
in
Lowa
before
Thanksgiving
with
his
dog,
Rosie,
but
the
gun
shots
had
scared
the
dog
off.
杰夫在感恩节之前和他的狗罗西在洛瓦打猎,
但是枪声把狗吓跑了。
【高考连接】
He
shot
at
the
target,
but
missed
it.
他开枪打靶,
但没有打中。
They
had
shot
down
five
planes
by
dark.
到天黑的时候,
他们已击落了5架飞机。
【熟词生义】
The
film
was
shot
over
six
months
beginning
in
the
spring
of
2017
in
and
around
Montreal.
从2017年春季开始,
这部电影开始在蒙特利尔拍摄,
整
个拍摄周期大约为6个月。
(
)
v.
拍摄
【名师点津】巧记shoot
shoot表示“射死”,
是及物动词,
后面直接跟宾语;
而shoot
at.
.
.
表示“向……开枪”,
这时shoot是不及物动词,
介词at不能换成to。
【导图理词】
【课文回顾】
3.
in
addition
除此之外,
另外
In
addition,
important
advances
have
been
made
in
medicine
and
environmental
science
thanks
to
increasing
computer
power.
此外,
由于计算机能力的提高,
医学和环境科学也取得了重要进展。
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In
addition,
most
newspapers
had
little
in
them
that
would
appeal
to
a
mass
audience.
此外,
大多数报纸的内容很少能吸引广大读者。
In
addition
to
the
names
on
the
list
there
are
six
other
applicants.
除此名单上的名字之外,
还有六个申请人。
【高考连接】
【导图理词】
5.
desire
n.
渴望,
欲－望
【课本回顾】
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First,
you
need
to
evaluate
yourself,
your
values,
your
strengths,
your
weaknesses,
your
achievements,
your
desires,
etc.
首先,
你需要评估你自己,
你的价值观、你的优点、你
的弱点、你的成就、你的欲望等。
【高考连接】
They
seem
to
have
lost
their
desire
for
life.
他们似乎已丧失了对生活的热望。
(2019·天津高考)Reading
satisfies
my
desire
to
keep
learning.
阅读满足了我持续学习的愿望。
Everyone
desires
to
live
in
a
world
free
of
worries
and
pains.
每个人都向往生活在一个无忧无虑的世界里。
【导图理词】
【句式解构】
(1)本句是强调句型的特殊疑问句。强调句型的基本结构:
It
is
+被强调的部分+
that/
who
+
其他。该句中被强调的部分是特殊疑问词what。被强调的部分指物时,
其后只能用that;
当被强调的部分指人时,
其后用that/
who均可。
(2)句中的inspires
us
to
invent
things是inspire
sb.
to
do
sth.
结构,
意为“激励某人做某事”。
When
and
where
was
it
that
you
were
born?
你是何时何地出生的?
It
was
yesterday
that
he
met
Li
Ping.
他是昨天遇见李平的。
Was
it
yesterday
that
he
met
Li
Ping?
他是昨天遇见李平的吗?
It
was
not
until
his
wife
came
back
that
he
went
to
bed.
直到妻子回来,
他才去睡觉。
【名师点津】强调句型小结
1.
2.
辨析强调句型和定语从句:
(1)强调句中的It没有实际意义,
It
be与that可同时被省略;
而定语从句中的It是主语,
It
be与that不可同时省略。
(2)强调句句子中的that不能省略,
并且即使前面的名词是事物时,
也不能将that换成which或其他词;
而定语从句中的that作宾语时可被省略,
并且当先行词是事物时可用which或其他词代替。
It
was
the
English
book
that
I
bought
yesterday.
昨天我所买的就是这本英语书。
(本句相当于对I
bought
the
English
book
yesterday中the
English
book进行强调)
It
is
the
English
book
(that/
which)
I
bought
yesterday.
这是我昨天买的英语书。
(本句是对What
is
that?
问句的回答,
that/
which引导的是定语从句,
that/
which可被省略)
7.
But
what
remains
important
is
that
we
have
an
incredible
desire
to
think
and
create,
and
that’s
the
real
spirit
of
invention.
但仍然重要的是,
我们有一种思考和创造的强烈渴望,
这才是真正的发明精神。?
【句式解构】
本句是主从复合句。其中what
remains
important是what引导的主语从句,
what在从句中作主语;
that
we
have.
.
.
to
think
and
create是that引导的表语从句,
that在表语从句中不作成分。
What
caused
the
accident
remains
unknown.
事故的起因还不清楚。
His
suggestion
is
that
we
should
stay
calm.
他的建议是,
我们应该保持冷静。
【名师点津】主语从句与表语从句
1.
主语从句:
(1)引导词位于句首不能省略。
(2)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数。
(3)为了防止句子头重脚轻,
常把形式主语it放在句首,
真正主语置于句末。如:
It
is
certain
that
he
will
win
the
match.
他一定会赢得这场比赛的。
(4)what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,
如主语、宾语、表语,
而that
则不能。
2.
表语从句:
that引导表语从句时不充当句子成分,
但不能省略。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①_____we
need
is
time.
②_____I
told
him
was
____I
would
find
him
a
good
play.
③The
memory
of
his
father
inspired
him
_______(write)
his
greatest
poetry.
?
What
What
that
to
write(共22张PPT)
Unit
3 The
world
of
science
Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
词汇篇
2
要点拾遗
【要点拾遗】
1.
virtual
adj.
虚拟的,
模拟的
For
example,
advances
in
virtual
reality
and
wearable
tech,
as
well
as
the
flexible
battery,
mean
we
should
be
seeing
further
developments.
例如,
虚拟现实、可穿戴技术以及可弯曲的电池都意
味着我们可以预见将来的发展。
【语块积累】
2.
flexible
adj.
易弯曲的,
柔韧的
Leather
and
rubber
are
flexible,
but
glass
and
iron
are
not.
皮革和橡胶都是易弯曲的,
玻璃和铁则不然。
This
tube
is
flexible
but
tough.
这管子柔软但很坚固。
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Remember
that
goals
are
flexible.
记住目标很灵活。
The
school
is
flexibly
organized
to
allow
maximum
cooperation
between
research
groups.
该学校组织灵活,
可以使研究团队之间最大程度地进
行合作。
【语块积累】
3.
This
evening,
I’ll
be
talking
to
Dr
Richard
Fairhurst,
whose
new
book
The
New
Age
of
Invention
has
just
been
published.
今天晚上,
我会对理查德·费尔赫斯特博士进行访谈,
他的新书《发明的新时代》刚刚出版。?
【句式解构】
(1)本句是主从复合句。其中whose
new
book.
.
.
has
just
been
published是whose引导的非限制性定语从句,
whose在从句中作定语,
修饰名词book。
(2)new
book和The
New
Age
of
Invention是同位语,
共同作从句的主语。
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
First,
I
wanted
to
be
a
fireman,
whose
uniform
looked
so
cool.
首先,
我想成为一名消防员,
他的制服看起来很酷。
Mr
Smith,
our
new
teacher,
is
very
kind
to
us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
The
news
that
our
team
has
won
the
match
is
true.
我们队赢得比赛的消息是真的。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunavut
have
reported
increases
in
bear
sightings
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
a
belief
that
populations
are
increasing.
最近几年,
努纳武特的一些因纽特人报告说,
在人类居
住地附近观察到熊的数量增加了,
这使人们相信,
熊的
数量正在增加。
【拓展延伸】
1.
whose引导定语从句:
(1)whose是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词,
它是关系代词who的所有格,
在从句中作定语,
也就是说当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系,
表达“……的”意思时,
用关系代词whose
引导定语从句。
(2)它既可以指代人,
也可以指代物,
既可引导限制性定语从句,
也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
(3)whose引导定语从句时,
常可与of
which/of
whom引导的定语从句进行转换。
2.
同位语:
(1)一个名词对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明,
这个名词就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,
并常常紧挨在一起。
(2)某些名词后面,
可以跟that或连接代词或副词引起的从句作同位语,
说明其内容,
该从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词有:
idea,
fact,
news,
hope,
belief,
thought,
doubt,
promise,
truth,
agreement,
decision等。
4.
Most
inventions
start
with
recognising
a
problem
that
needs
a
solution.
?
大多数发明源于认识到一个需要解决的难题。
【句式解构】
(1)本句是主从复合句。
其中that
needs
a
solution是that引导的限制性定语从句,
修饰先行词problem,
that在从句中作主语。
(2)start
with是固定短语,
意为“以……开始”,
start也
可以换成begin。
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
themselves
in
the
historical
environment
that/which
is
created
for
them.
在咖啡馆里,
顾客会在为他们创造的历史环境中尽情
享受。
The
old
man
that/
who/
whom
I
visited
yesterday
is
my
teacher.
我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。
(2019·天津高考)The
passage
starts
with
the
story
of
Cervantes
to
show
that
age
is
not
a
barrier
to
achieving
one’s
goal.
文章以塞万提斯的故事开始,
说
明年龄并不是实现目标的障碍。
【拓展延伸】
that引导定语从句:
(1)关系代词that可以引导限制性定语从句,
修饰代表人或事物的先行词,
但不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。that可以充当从句的主语、
宾语、
表语。
(2)在先行词是事物的限制性定语从句中,
that和which一般可互换。that引导限制性定语从句修饰表示人的先行词时,
通常可以与who换用;
不紧跟在介词后的whom和that通常可以换用(紧跟在介词后的whom不可以被that代替)。(共30张PPT)
Unit
3 The
world
of
science
Developing
ideas
词汇篇
1.
declaration
n.
声明,
宣告
Benjamin
Franklin
(1706-1790)
was
one
of
the
Founding
Father
of
the
United
States
and
helped
draft
the
Declaration
of
Independence.
本杰明·富兰克林(1706-1790)是美国的开国元勋之一,
他帮助起草了《独立宣言》。
The
declaration
was
published
in
August
1687.
这份宣言是1687年8月公布的。
These
events
led
to
the
declaration
of
war.
这些事件导致了宣战。
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”
award,
proud
Irene
declared
she
had
no
plans
to
retire
from
her
36-year-old
business.
在领回“终身成就奖”后,
自豪的艾琳宣布,
她没有打算
从从事了36年的事业中退休。
Britain
declared
war
on
Germany
in
1914.
英国在1914年向德国宣战。
【导图理词】
2.
conduct
v.
传导(热、电)
A
flash
of
lightning
hit
the
kite,
and
electricity
was
conducted
through
the
string
to
the
key.
一道闪电击中了风筝,
电流通过绳子传到钥匙上。
Most
metals
can
conduct
electricity.
大多数金属能导电。
【导图理词】
3.
Although
it
has
been
proved
that
Franklin’s
experiment
took
place,
more
than
one
scientist
has
questioned
what
really
happened.
尽管已经证明富兰克林做过这个实验,
但不止一个科学家质疑到底发生了什么。?
【句式解构】
(1)本句是主从复合句。Although
it.
.
.
took
place是although引导的让步状语从句,
该从句也是主从复合句,
其中that
Franklin’s
experiment
took
place是that引导的主语从句,
前面的it是形式主语;
take
place是固定短语,
意为“发生”。
(2)more
than
one
scientist
has
questioned是“more
than
one
+
单数名词”结构,
适用于主谓一致原则中的
“形式一致”原则;
what
really
happened是what引导的
宾语从句,
并在宾语从句中作主语。
Although
my
uncle
is
old,
he
looks
very
strong
and
healthy.
我的叔叔虽然老了,
但他看上去还是很健壮。
It
has
been
proved
that
the
practice
can
only
do
good.
事实证明这样做只有好处。
Where
does
the
conversation
take
place?
这个对话发生在哪里?
More
than
one
person
was
absent.
不止一个人缺席。
【名师点津】
由“more
than
one
+
单数名词”或“many
a
+
单数名词作主语”形式作主语时,
谓语动词要用单数形式。
(2)(2019·北京高考)
Although
she
founded
her
company
early
on
in
life,
she
wasn’t
driven
primarily
by
profit.
译:
__________________________________________
_____________。
虽然她很早就建立了自己的公司,
但是她并不是
为利润所驱使
4.
But
scientists
all
agree
that
if
Franklin
had
actually
touched
the
key,
he
would
certainly
have
died
from
the
electric
shock.
但是科学家们一致认为如果富兰克林确实接触过钥匙的话,
他肯定就被电击致死了。?
【句式解构】
(1)本句是主从复合句。其中that.
.
.
the
electric
shock是that引导的宾语从句;
该从句也是主从复合句,
其中if
Franklin.
.
.
the
key是条件状语从句,
该从句及其主句he
would
certainly
have
died
from
the
electric
shock都使用了虚拟语气。
(2)die
from是固定短语,
意为“死于”。
If
I
had
got
there
earlier,
I
would
have
met
her.
如果我早到那儿,
我就会见到她。
If
I
were
a
bird,
I
would
be
able
to
fly
in
the
air.
如果我是一只小鸟,
我就能在空中飞行。
If
he
should
come
here
tomorrow,
I
would
talk
to
him.
如果他明天来这儿的话,
我就跟他谈谈。
Every
winter
some
old
people
die
from
hypothermia.
每年冬天都有些老人死于体温过低。
【拓展延伸】 虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实,
或难以实现的情况,
甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,
也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表示。
(1)表示与现在事实相反的情况:
从句:
If+
主语+
did/
were
主句:
主语+
should/
would/
might/
could
do
If
I
were
you,
I
would
take
an
umbrella.
如果我是你,
我会带把伞。(事实:
我不可能是你)
(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况:
从句:
If+
主语+
had
done
主句:
主语+
should/would/
might/
could
have
done
If
he
had
taken
my
advice,
he
would
not
have
made
such
a
mistake.
如果他听我的建议的话,
就不会犯这样的错误了。
(事
实:
没有听我的建议)
(3)表示与将来事实相反:
从句:
①if+
主语+
were
to
do
②if+
主语+
should
do
③if+
主语+did/
were
主句:
主语+
should/
would/
might/
could
do
If
she
were
to
be
here
next
Monday,
I
would
tell
her
about
the
matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,
我就会告诉她这件事的始
末。(事实:
来的可能性很小,
不可能)
If
it
should
rain
tomorrow,
we
would
stay
at
home.
如果明天下雨,
我们就待在家里。(事实:
下雨的可能
性很小,
不可能)
If
there
were
a
heavy
snow
next
Sunday,
we
would
go
skating.
如果下周日下大雪,
我们就去滑冰。(事实:
下雪可能性很小,
不可能)
5.
In
fact,
more
than
one
account
suggests
that
while
Newton
was
certainly
inspired
by
a
falling
apple,
there
is
no
proof
that
it
hit
him
on
the
head.
事实上,
不止一个记载表明,
尽管牛顿肯定是受到一个落下的苹果的启发,
但没有证据表明苹果打中了他的头部。?
【句式解构】
(1)本句是主从复合句。其中that
while
Newton.
.
.
on
the
head是that引导的宾语从句;
该从句也是主从复合句,
其中while
Newton.
.
.
a
falling
apple是while引导的让步状语从句;
that
it
hit
him
on
the
head是that引导的同位语从句。
(2)句中的in
fact是固定短语,
意为“事实上”。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It
clearly
showed
that
while
likability
can
lead
to
healthy
adjustment,
high
status
has
just
the
opposite
effect
on
us.
这清楚地表明,
尽管受人爱戴可以促进健康的调整,
但
地位高却对我们产生相反的影响。
【拓展延伸】
while作连词的用法:
(1)引导让步状语从句,
意思是“虽然,
尽管”,
只能用于
句首。
(2)引导时间状语从句,
表示“在……(过程)中,
在……
期间”。
(3)连接并列句,
表示对比关系时,
意思是“而,
然而”。
【即学活用】
(1)指出下列句中while的含义和作用
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While
the
sun’s
rays
can
age
and
harm
our
skin,
they
also
give
us
beneficial
Vitamin
D.
(
)
“尽管,
虽然”,
引导让步状语从句
②(2019·浙江高考)Berlin
has
been
the
easiest
while
the
most
difficult
was
the
Czech
town
of
Pilsen.
(
)
③While
Mary
was
writing
a
letter,
the
children
were
playing
outside.
(
)
“然而”,
连接并列句
“当……时候”,
引导时间状语从句
(2)______
_
______
____
_____
___
_________,
I
don’t
agree
that
they
cannot
be
solved.
虽然我承认有问题存在,
但我不同意说这些问题不能
解决。
(3)You
have
to
admit
that
you
are,
__
____,
in
difficulties.
?
你不得不承认,
你事实上是陷入了困境。
While
I
admit
that
there
are
problems
in
fact(共24张PPT)
Unit
6 The
world
of
science
Writing
an
experiment
report
【文体解读】
话题特点
实验报告是把实验目的、方法、过程、结果等记录下来,
经过整理写成的书面汇总材料。实验报告要明确体现实验目的、步骤和结果,
对具体实验现象的描述要客观准确,
分析要全面具体,
语言要简洁质朴、通俗易懂。
【布局】
如何写科学实验报告
【范例点评】
Aim
To
remove
the
shell
from
an
egg
without
breaking
it.
Materials
·A
glass
·a
small
saucepan
·some
water
·an
egg
·about
250ml
vinegar
Procedure
1.
Boil
the
egg
for
about
fifteen
minutes
in
the
saucepan
filled
with
water.
2.
Place
the
egg
in
the
glass
and
cover
it
with
vinegar.
3.
Leave
the
egg
in
the
vinegar
for
24
hours.
Result
24
hours
later,
the
shell
disappears
completely.
Conclusion
The
shell
is
mostly
made
of
CaCO3
and
the
vinegar
includes
acids.
The
egg
shell
dissolves
because
CaCO3
reacts
with
acid
to
form
the
gas,
CO2.
1.话题词汇
①do/
carry
out/
conduct
an
experiment
做实验
②aim
目的;
目标
③material材料
④procedure步骤
⑤stage
阶段
⑥result
结果
⑦draw/
come
to
a
conclusion
得出结论
2.
话题句式(试着替换黑体部分,
变成你需要
表达的意思)
(1)描述实验目的、材料、结果、结论:
①The
aim
of
the
experiment
is
to
find
out
the
temperature
and
what
happens
when
water
is
boiling
.
实验的目的是观察水沸腾的温度和现象。
②To
do/
carry
out/
conduct
the
experiment,
you
need
the
following
materials:
beaker,
thermometer,
alcohol
lamp
andmatch
.
为了做实验,
你需要下列材料:
烧杯、温度计、酒精和
火柴。
③Some
time
later,
bubbles
begin
to
appear
when
the
temperature
reaches
100
Centigrade
.
一段时间之后,
温度到达100℃时开始出现气泡。
④We
can
draw
a
conclusion
that
water
boils
when
the
temperature
reaches
100℃
.
我们可以得出结论:
水在温度达到100℃时沸腾。
(2)描述实验步骤:
①First,
fill
the
beaker
with
about
100g
water
.
第一,
在烧杯里盛100g左右的水。
②Then,
put
a
thermometer
in
the
water
.
然后,
在水中放入温度计。
③Next,
heat
the
water
in
the
beaker
and
watch
the
readings
of
thermometer
.
接下来,
加热杯中的水,
并观察温度计的读数。
④Finally,
write
down
the
temperature
when
bubbles
begin
to
appear
.
最后,
气泡开始出现时记下温度。
【迁移训练】
英语课堂上,
老师要求写一篇英语实验报告。请根据以下要点,
完成此项任务。
实验目的:
验证冰在融化后体积是否变化。
实验材料:
一个玻璃杯,
一块冰,
一些水。
实验步骤:
把冰放在玻璃杯中,
杯中倒满水,
让冰浮在水上面;
等待几分钟直到冰融化,
观察是否有水从杯子里流出或杯子里的水是否有所减少。
实验结论:
水并没有从杯子里流出反而有所减少,
故冰
在融化后体积减少。
注意:
词数80左右,
可适当增加细节。
词汇:
体积volume;
减少decrease
【遣词】
1.
冰的体积
_______________?
2.
融化
____
3.
一块冰
___________?
4.
杯中装满水
____________________?
5.
漂在水上
________________?
the
volume
of
ice
melt
a
piece
of
ice
fill
the
glass
with
water
float
on
the
water
6.
等几分钟
________________?
7.
减少
________
8.
增长
_______
wait
a
few
minutes
decrease
increase
【造句】
1.
完成句子
(1)在杯子里放上冰。
Put
the
ice
__________.
?
(2)杯子里放满水。
Fill
the
glass
__________.
?
in
the
glass
with
water
(3)冰融化了。
The
ice
_____.
melts
(4)冰会浮在水上。
The
ice
will
________________.
?
(5)等几分钟直到冰融化。
Wait
a
few
minutes
___________________.
?
(6)水的体积减少。
The
volume
of
water
_________.
float
on
the
water
till/
until
the
ice
melts
decreases
2.
句式升级
(7)用and合并(2)、(3)句。
____________________________________________
_______
(8)用when引导的时间状语从句合并(5)、(6)句。
___________________________________________?
Fill
the
glass
with
water
and
the
ice
will
float
on
the
water.
?
The
volume
of
water
decreases
when
the
ice
melts.
【成篇】
Aim
To
find
out
whether
the
volume
of
ice
changes
when
it
melts.
Materials
·A
glass
·a
piece
of
ice
·some
water
Procedure
1.
Put
the
ice
in
the
glass.
2.
Fill
the
glass
with
water,
and
the
ice
will
float
on
the
water.
3.
Wait
a
few
minutes
till
the
ice
melts.
Result
The
volume
of
water
decreases
when
the
ice
melts.
Conclusion
The
volume
of
ice
does
not
increase
but
decreases
when
it
melts.
Thank
you!(共21张PPT)
Unit
3 The
world
of
science
Developing
ideas
Activity
1
Read
the
short
introduction
to
Benjamin
Franklin
and
share
any
other
information
you
know
about
him.
Activity
2
Read
the
passage
and
find
out
what
Franklin’s
experiment
aimed
to
prove.
Ⅰ.
文本整体理解:
理清文章架构
Ⅱ.
文本细节理解:
探寻语篇细节信息
1.
What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A.
The
story
of
Franklin’s
experiment
is
true
or
not.
B.
The
aim
of
Franklin’s
experiment.
C.
The
procedure
of
Franklin’s
experiment.
D.
The
effect
of
Franklin’s
experiment.
2.
What
does
the
author
think
have
more
inspired
people?
A.
The
story
of
Scientists’
experiments.
B.
The
result
of
Scientists’
experiments.
C.
The
scientists’
spirit
of
scientific
exploration.
D.
The
fact
of
scientific
exploration.
3.
What
is
the
effect
of
the
experiment?
A.
It
has
introduced
generations
of
children
to
science.
B.
It
proved
that
lightning
is
a
form
of
electricity.
C.
It
is
important
to
establish
the
truth.
D.
All
of
above.
4.
Why
do
scientists
question
accepted
ideas?
A.
To
find
what
took
place.
B.
To
prove
what
is
true.
C.
To
establish
the
facts.
D.
To
inspire
people
to
do
scientific
exploration.
答案:
1～4.
ACDC
Ⅲ.
文本素养提升:
阅读技能综合运用
1.
根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句
译文:
_______________就是这位美国开国元勋和科学
家在1752年的一次暴风雨中_______________。
这个著名的故事
放飞了一只风筝
译文:
有些(科学家)甚至质疑关于落在牛顿头上,
___________________的苹果的故事。
促使他提出重力理论
2.
根据课文完成短文。
New
research
suggests
that
the
story
(1)____
Franklin’s
famous
experiment
with
lightning
may
be
fiction
instead
of
fact.
More
than
one
generation
of
school
children
has
been
amazed
by
his
bravery
and
his
(2)________
(science)
approach
to
(3)_______
(look)
tha
t
scientific
looking
for
the
truth.
However,
neither
the
story
nor
the
details
of
the
experiment
are
entirely
true.
Although
it
has
been
proved
that
Franklin’s
experiment
(4)____
(take)
place,
more
than
one
scientist
has
questioned
what
really
happened.
(5)____
detail
about
the
string
and
the
key
is
true.
But
(6)________
(science)
all
agree
that
if
he
had
(7)_______
(actual)
touched
the
key,
he
took
The
scientists
actually
would
certainly
have
died
from
the
electric
shock.
Fiction
is
(8)
_______________(interesting)
than
the
truth.
People
have
been
more
inspired
by
Franklin’s
spirit
of
scientific
(9)__________
(explore)
than
by
the
facts
themselves.
But
in
science,
facts
should
be
proved
(10)___
experiments
and
research.
?
more
interesting
exploration
by
3.
阅读主题活动
(1)Do
you
think
the
stories
about
some
great
scientists
are
true?
____________________________________________
______________________________________________
____________________________________?
I
think
some
parts
of
the
stories
are
true,
and
some
are
not,
because
they
don’t
follow
the
common
sense,
for
example,
Franklin
touching
lightning.
(2)What
will
you
learn
from
the
stories
about
the
great
scientists?
_____________________________________
__________________________
I
will
learn
the
scientists’
spirit
of
scientific
exploration
from
the
stories.
?
【阅读微技巧】
运用跳读法跳过一些无关紧要的部分直取文章的关键性内容。
1.
跳跃式阅读,
只关注最有价值的内容。如:
the
story
may
be
fiction,
neither
the
story
nor
the
details
of
the
experiment
are
entirely
true,
The
detail
about
the
string
and
the
key
is
true.
等。
2.
重点对文章的开头、结尾,
文中段落的首句和尾句进行跳读。
通过以上两方面提高阅读速度,
抓住关键,
把握文章要旨,
得出问题结论。
Activity
3
Number
the
statements
to
show
how
people’s
attitudes
towards
Franklin’s
experiment
have
changed.
□
Franklin’s
spirit
of
scientific
exploration
is
still
considered
an
inspiration.
□
People
are
amazed
at
and
inspired
by
Franklin’s
experiment.
□
Scientists
question
what
really
happened
in
Franklin’s
experiment.
Think
&
Share
1.
Do
you
think
it
matters
that
Franklin’s
experiment
might
not
be
true?
Why?
2.
What
is
your
opinion
about
the
statement
“...
we
should
not
always
believe
everything
we
read
or
hear
–
even
if
it
is
a
great
story”?
3.
What
qualities
do
you
think
a
great
scientist
should
have?
4.
In
what
ways
do
scientists
contribute
to
society?
Activity
4
Step
1
Make
notes
about
your
understanding
of
the
saying
and
list
supporting
details
Your
understanding
Supporting
details
Activity
4
Step
2
Organise
your
talk
following
the
steps
below
Start
your
talk
by
explaining
how
you
understand
this
saying.
Explain
why
you
think
this
way.
Use
the
notes
you
have
made
to
support
your
ideas.
End
your
talk
by
summarising
your
points.
Activity
4
Step
3
Give
your
talk
to
the
class
Useful
expressions:
Firstly,
…
Secondly,
…
Thirdly,
…
In
my
opinion…/
From
my
perspective…
The
reason
why
…
is
that
…
In
a
word,
…
/
In
short,
…
/
To
sum
up,
…(共28张PPT)
Unit
3 The
world
of
science
Using
language
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态
【语用功能】
现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,
但主语为动作的承受者,
表示“……已经被……”。
【情境探究】
根据课文内容,
用所给词完成下列句子,
并把句子翻译
成汉语,
体会句中使用的时态和语态。
1.
This
evening,
I’ll
be
talking
to
Dr
Richard
Fairhurst,
whose
new
book
The
New
Age
of
Invention
___just
_____
_________(publish).
has
been
published
今天晚上,
我会对理查德·费尔赫斯特博士进行访谈,他的新书《发明的新时代》刚刚出版。
2.
I
guess
you
_____
_____
_____(ask)
about
the
title
of
your
book
before.
___________________________________________
have
been
asked
我想你以前已经被问过关于你的书题目的问题。
3.
In
addition,
important
advances
_____
_____
_____
(make)
in
medicine
and
environmental
science
thanks
to
increasing
computer
power.
_______________________________________________
_____________
have
been
made
此外,
由于计算机能力的提高,
医学和环境科学也取得
了重要进展。
4.
New
inventions
like
3D
printers
_____
_____
____
(use)
to
make
replacement
hearts
and
bone
parts.
_____________________________________________
_______________
5.
I
_____also
_____
____(tell)
that
you’re
an
inventor
yourself.
_________________________________
have
been
used
像3D打印机这样的新发明已经被用来制造替换的心
脏和骨骼部分。
have
been
told
我也被告知你本人就是一位发明家。
6.
Nothing
like
this
___
_____
________
(invent)
yet
and
I’d
say
we’re
a
long
way
from
an
invention
like
that
at
the
moment!
______________________________________________
___________________________
has
been
invented
还没有像这样的东西被发明,
而且我得说目前我们离
这样的发明还有很长一段路。
【要义详析】
现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合,
即“have/
has
been
done”。
一、现在完成时态的被动语态的具体构成:
1.
现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式:
have/
has
been
done。
2.
完成时的被动语态的否定式:
have/
has
not
been
done。
3.
现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将have/has提到主语的前面,
即Have/
Has+
主语+
been
done。
4.
现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+
have/
has
been
done。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
poorly
studied.
由于对全球北极熊种群的研究不足,
因此很难确定其数量。
They
have
been
told
many
times
not
to
make
noises.
他们被多次告知不要喧哗。
Has
his
bike
been
repaired?
他的自行车修好了吗?
Who
has
been
invited?
谁受到了邀请?
【即学活用】
(1)The
experiment
___
_____
_____successfully.
这个实验做得很成功。
(2)The
books
_____
___
_____
_________by
the
students.
那些书还没有被学生们借走。
has
been
done
have
not
been
borrowed
(3)____
the
sports
meeting
_____
___
___until
next
Friday?
运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗?
(4)So
even
the
olive
wreath
___
_____
________.
就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了。
Has
been
put
off
has
been
replaced
二、现在完成时态的被动语态的用法:
1.
现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样,
强调
过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,
通常与
already,
yet,
just,
never,
recently等副词连用。
The
room
has
already
been
cleaned.
房间已经被清扫干净了。(意为“已不用清扫办公室
了”)
The
doctor
hasn’t
been
sent
for
yet.
还没有派人去请医生。(意为“应派人去请医生”)
The
office
has
just
been
cleaned.
办公室刚被打扫过。(意为“已不用清扫房间了”)
Such
a
thing
has
never
been
heard
of
before.
这样的事以前从未听说过。(意为“现在才听说”)
2.
表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,
持续到现在,
并可能持续下去,
常与for或since等引导的时间状语连用,
或用于How
long.
.
.
?
句型中。
The
machine
has
been
repaired
for
two
hours.
这台机器已修了两小时了。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern
methods
of
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s.
追踪北极熊数量的现代方法自从20世纪80年代中期才
被采用。
How
long
has
the
project
been
carried
out?
这项工程已被实施多长时间了?
(1)The
watch
___just
_____
_______
____
________.
这只手表刚刚被清理和修理过。
(2)_____
the
letters
_____
______?
信已经寄出去了吗?
(3)_____
____
_____
the
machine
_____
________?
这个机器被修了多长时间了?
has
been
cleaned
and
repaired
Have
been
posted
How
long
have
been
repaired
【即学活用】
【易错精点】
使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题:
1.
现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词,
即
have/has和been,
两者缺一不可。
一般过去时的被动语态表示:
一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候,
其结果对现在没有影响;
而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,
但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。
2.
现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的
被动语态的区别:
The
house
was
built
last
year.
这房子是去年建造的。
The
house
has
been
built.
这房子已经建好了。
2.
现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别:
3.
由finish,
buy,
start,
begin,
post,
return,
borrow,
join,
marry,
open等非延续性动词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for
four
days,
how
long等连用,
而要改换动词或时态。
但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,
具有延续性,
因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。
这本书买了多久了?
误:
How
long
has
this
book
been
bought?
正:
How
long
ago
was
this
book
bought?
No
books
have
been
bought
since
last
week.
自上周以来,
没有人来买过书。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)The
bridge
________(build)
last
year.
?
(2)The
case
_____________(try)
recently.
?
(3)Great
changes
__________(take)
place
in
my
hometown.
?
(4)So
far,
many
villages
_______________(visit)?
was
built
has
been
tried
have
taken
have
been
visited
Activity
1:
Look
at
the
sentences
from
the
reading
passage
and
answer
the
questions.
a
I
guess
you
have
been
asked
about
the
title
of
your
book
before.
b
New
inventions
like
3D
printers
have
been
used
to
make
replacement
hearts
and
bone
parts.
1.
What
has
happened
to
“you”
in
sentence
(a)
2.
Who
has
used
new
inventions
to
make
replacement
hearts
and
bone
parts
in
sentence
(b)?
Group
A
a
I
guess
you
have
been
asked
about
the
title
of
your
book
before.
b
New
inventions
like
3D
printers
have
been
used
to
make
replacement
hearts
and
bone
parts.
Group
B
c
I
guess
someone
has
asked
you
about
the
title
of
your
book
before.
d
People
have
used
new
inventions
like
3D
printers
to
make
replacement
hearts
and
bone
parts.
Activity
1:
Compare
the
following
sentences
and
answer
the
questions.
What
is
the
difference
between
the
two
groups
of
sentences?
Why
does
the
author
choose
to
use
the
passive
form
instead
of
the
active
form
in
the
reading
passage?
Activity
2
Rewrite
the
underlined
parts
using
the
present
perfect
passive.
Within
the
next
80
years,
our
lives
may
be
changed
beyond
recognition
by
3D
printing.
It
has
already
affected
many
things
in
our
lives,
right
down
to
the
food
we
eat.
For
instance,
some
restaurants
in
London
have
served
3D-printed
hamburgers
to
customers.
But
perhaps
the
most
significant
success
that
people
have
achieved
to
date
is
in
medicine.
They
have
made
human
body
parts,
including
a
beating
heart,
with
3D
printing
technology.
And
it
is
not
just
humans
who
are
benefiting
–
in
Brazil,
people
have
given
a
new
3D-printed
shell
to
a
turtle
injured
in
a
forest
fire!
Activity
3:
Imagine
you
are
Dr
Moore.
Look
at
the
pictures
and
tell
the
police
about
the
damage
and
loss
to
your
lab.
Use
the
present
perfect
passive
where
appropriate.
