河南省信阳市普通高中2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题 附答案解析

信阳市普通高中2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试
英语试题
本试题卷由四个部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。考试时间120分钟满分150分。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将本人的姓名、准考证号等考生信息填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔将准考证号填涂在相应位置。
2选择题答案使用2B铅笔填涂，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号；非选择题答案使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号在各题的答题区域（黑色线框）内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。
4.保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。
第Ⅰ卷（满分100分）
第一部分听力 （省略）
第二部分 阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项标号涂黑。
A
Charities
These days there are thousands of charities around the world and it is possible to donate money to help people, animals and places.
Mencap is a charity which is intended to fight against prejudice against those people who suffer from any kind of learning disability. Most of Mencap's work is campaigning. People with learning disabilities are disadvantaged because of prejudice and lack of funding for community care. Mencap raised awareness by working at local, national and European levels to deal with those issues that affect people with learning disabilities. It also provides services of education, housing and employment as well as support and advice for families and carers of sufferers.
EveryChild is a relatively new charity which was created in 1983. Every Child identifies the needs of a particular community and then sets up projects to make sure that children in these communities have basic rights such as healthcare. education, social services and community development. Every Child sets up the projects so that they are self running. The organization then moves on to new projects, leaving things in the hands of locals.
The RSPCA( Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) is the first organization meant for the well-being of animals anywhere in the world. The SPCA was set up in London in 1824 .At that time it was considered strange that people should care about cruelty to animals. In 1840 Queen Victoria gave the organization permission to be called a royal society The RSPCA. These days there are almost two hundred branches in the UK.
The TBG(Tidy Britain Group) is an independent national charity fighting to improve the quality of the local environment. They aim to get everyone involved in doing their bit to keep Britain clean. The work of the TBG is done mainly hrough campaigning. Volunteers work closely with governments and businesses to organize educational programs designed to raise awareness of the problems. The TBG's sister organization, Going for Green,concentrates on pollution issues. The two groups have the same chief executive.
1. What's the main purpose of Mencap?
A. To improve community care. B. To provide educational services.
C. To fight against any kind of prejudice. D. To help people with learning disabilities.
2. What was Queen Victoria's attitude towards the SPCA?
A. Approving. B. Doubtful.
C. Tolerant. D. Casual.
3. Going for Green shares a similar goal with__________.
A. Mencap. B. Every Child
C. the RSPCA D. the TBG
B
When I was nine years old, I went off to summer camp for the first time. And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books, which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do. While reading, you have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you, but you are also free to experience the adventure land inside your own mind. And I had this idea that camp was going to be just like this.
On the very first day, our counselor(顾问) gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill(浸润) camp spirit. And it went like this: “R-O-W-D-I-E, that's the way we spell rowdie. Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie . Yeah！”. So I couldn't figure out why we had to spell this word incorrectly. But I recited the cheer along with everybody else. I did my best. And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books.
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girl in the room came up to me and asked me, “Why are you being so mellow(安静的)?” Mellow, of course, is the exact opposite of R-O-W-D-I-E. And then the second time I tried it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.
And so I put my books away, back in their suitcase, and I put them under my bed, and there they stayed for the rest of the summer. And I felt kind of guilty about this. I felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they were calling out to me but I just gave them up.
4. According to the author, what would the coming camp be like?
A. It would be very noisy.
B. It would involve lots of reading.
C. It would be full of danger and excitement.
D. It would make a good chance to get close to nature.
5. How did the author feel about the cheer part?
A. Puzzled. B. Excited.
C. Concerned. D. Frightened.
6. How did the counselor react on seeing the author reading?
A. She got very angry.
B. She praised the author.
C. She asked the author to share the book
D. She indirectly advised the author not to read.
7. Why was the author guilty?
A. She was kind of quiet.
B. She had to leave her books unread.
C. She was unwilling to open her books.
D. She didn't follow the counselor's advice.
C
Have you ever wondered how many cigarettes you're passively smoking while walking through the streets of a polluted, smog-infused((烟雾笼罩的)city?No?Well, a pair of digital developers just invented an app that will definitely and accurately answer that question.
Shit, I Smoke! was created by Brazilian-born designer Marcelo Coelho and Paris-born app developer Amaury Martiny in just a week, after they read a study that analyzed air pollution and its equivalent(等量)to cigarette smoking. The article, co-written by Richard Mueller, a MacArthur fellow and physics professor at the University of California, Berkeley, explains a mathematical model that compares smoking and tobacco-related deaths to levels of PM2.5, a microscopic particle(微粒)that is a dangerous, cancerous pollutant after burning.
The app shows that Parisians can effectively inhale(吸入) between three and six cigarettes per day, while a person in Delhi could be smoking up to 20 cigarettes-without even touching one--on a bad day. Other cities have worrying numbers, too (6. 5 cigarettes daily in Mexico City ).
“I was surprised to see that Buenos Aires and Sao Paulo have the best air quality in all Latin America,despite the fact that these are heavily populated cities,”said Coelho, who's originally from the latter, Brazil's largest city.
For both Coelho and Martiny, the app isn't only a useful tool to inform users about their city's air quality;it also makes this information more accessible and easier to understand. “These air-quality monitoring stations are just numbers, numbers that are very specific to professionals who work in environmental issues,” Martiny said. “So when you make this conversion(转换)to cigarettes, it makes it easier to understand what people are dealing with and the consequences air quality has in the daily lives.”
The developers' plan now is to keep working on and enriching the app's features. This will most likely include monthly average cigarette rates, and enabling users to get data from cities other than the one they're in.
8. What does the underlined part “that question” mean?
A. How severely a city's air is polluted.
B. How harmful it is to smoke in urban areas.
C. How many cigarettes one usually smokes daily.
D. How much harmful air you're taking in in urban areas.
9. According to Shit, I Smoke!, which city has the worst air quality?
A. Paris B. Delhi.
C. Mexico City. D. Sao Paulo.
10. Before Coelho used the app, he probably thought that__________.
A. Brazil might have good air
B. his hometown was a badly polluted city.
C. air pollution wasn't a problem in Latin America.
D. Buenos Aires had the best air quality in Latin America
11. In the opinion of Coelho and Martiny, what is the usage of the app?
A. Encouraging people to abandon the habit of smoking.
B. Recommending some best places for people to live in.
C. Helping people better know their everyday air quality.
D. Reminding people to do something good for the environment.
D
Researchers have studied how birth order affects kid’s personalities in the past, but one study out of the United Kingdom has found that firstborns may have an educational advantage over their younger siblings (兄弟姐妹).
Researchers at the University of Essex’s Institute for Social and Economic Research surveyed 3,553 individuals and 1,503 groups of siblings, and discovered that firstborn children tended to have higher educational aspirations and attainment. Only children and firstborn twins were not included in the study.
For each family involved in the study, researcher Feifei Bu examined sibling birth order, the number of children in the family, age spacing, sex, health, relationships with one another and educational aspirations. She found that firstborns had a greater probability—16 percent higher—of attending further education, compared with later-born sibling.
“The advantage of firstborns in educational outcomes may be partially explained by the fact that firstborns tend to have higher aspirations which push them toward high education levels,” Bu wrote in the published study.
She further explained to The Guardian that parenting could play a role. “It could be that the parents simply devote more time and energy to them; it could be that they are actually more intelligent. For me, I tend to lean towards the theory that the amount of time, energy and involvement that parents put into caring for their children is possibly at work here,” she said.
She also found age spacing to be a contributing factor. The further apart in age the siblings—for example, a six year instead of one year difference—the more likely both kids were to be successful. The idea is that with widely spaced siblings, parents have the ability to spread out their resources. In other words, they have time to give each child more time and money.
But younger siblings shouldn’t worry. The world is full of successful middle and youngest children willing to prove this study wrong.
12. Who are more likely to complete higher levels of education according to Paragraphs 1 and 2?
A. Only children. B. Firstborn twins.
C. Younger siblings. D. Firstborn siblings.
13. What is possibly important for kids’ educational achievement according to Bu?
A. Parental investment. B. Parents’ intelligence.
C. Kids native intelligence. D. Kids’ school environment.
14. What is the influence of wider age spacing between two siblings?
A. It may cause conflicts between them.
B. It may place more pressure on parents.
C. Both of them are more likely to succeed.
D. They are likely to be different from each other.
15. How is the text mainly developed?
A. By listing examples. B. By giving descriptions.
C. By setting down general rules. D. By presenting research findings.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Resume(简历)tips:4 ways to stand out on paper
According to a recent study，recruiters(招聘人员)only spend six seconds looking at your resume. So how do you make it into the callback pile in those mere seconds?____16____Here is a bunch of ways to do just that.
1. Use key words.
When recruiters look through resumes, they're looking for key words that match the job description, including basic key words will get their attention, but you can take it a step further.____17____Then include those key words in your resume as well.
2. ___18___
My friend is a chef. Her resume looks a lot like any chef's resume with one surprising difference.Under personal accomplishments she wrote, “Won the 2007 St. Bernard Parish Pie Eating Contest.” It isn't something you'd expect. She's been asked about the contest on several interviews, which is the perfect time to tell the recruiter that she also baked all of the pies for the contest.
3. Turn your resume into an infographic.
___19___Just ask college journalist Chris Spurlock. Last year he turned his resume into an infographic. Not long after, Spurlock's resume was posted on both blogs and twitter. If you're in a creative field, make your resume look different from the standard one-page list.
4. Make a video resume
Sales manager Stan Paprzycki shot a video of himself, posted it on You Tube, and then sent the link to potential employers. The result was almost 100 percent positive response.____20____A video resume is better suited for jobs like sales and marketing.
A. Take part in a contest.
B. Add unusual accomplishments.
C. Better yet, his video resume got him a job.
D Your resume doesn't have to be a one-page list of achievements.
E. Adding some personalities to your resume can't hurt, but avoid jokes.
F. By thinking outside the box and making a resume that will hold the recruiter's attention.
G. Check out the company's website and look for any company goals that fit your experience.
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节:完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
“Don't drive across the Kalahari Desert alone”, my friends said. “You might meet Bushmen who have no ____21____on travelers. "When a traveler lost his way in the desert, a Bushman often waited for him to die and took away the travelers belongings. However, as across the Kalahari Desert was 1, 000 miles shorter than any other，I decided to____22____ it. Everything went well until my car broke down.
The noon sun was terribly hot, and I felt ____23____ and lonely. Remembering my friends'____24____, I was a little afraid, too. Then I saw a Bushman walk toward me and smile. I did not____25____back. Later, he began to talk but I still didn't ____26____ him. However, when evening came, I was____27____ that there was another human being with me. As he waved his hand every few minutes, I felt less afraid and at last___28___
I woke in the early morning and____29____found he had a small leather bag, full of _____30_____. I opened the door of the car and in sign language I_____31_____ him that I needed water for the car. He_____32_____ and gave me the bag. I poured the water into the radiator(水箱) and it was not_____33_____. The Bushman ran to the tall grass ,found a long hollow(空心的)stick and pushed one end of the stick into the sand. Then he put his_____34_____around the other end of the stick, and water came out. The Bushman's mouth worked to_____35_____ my bottle .When it was full, he gave it to me. I took the bottle back to the car, poured the water into the radiator, and then_____36_____to the Bushman. Finally, no water came out and we walked back to the car.
I_____37_____ to give him my watch but he turned it down. I decided to give him back a bottle of water taken from the radiator. At my insistence, he_____38_____. I waved him good-bye and continued my_____39_____. That evening I stopped at a small village. I was taking my bags out of the car when I saw my_____40_____. It was on the floor of the car, where the Bushman had put it .
21. A. tickets B. mercy C. duty D. plans
22. A. end B. find C. try D. change
23. A. thirsty B. drunk C. confused D. amazed
24. A. experiences B. mistakes C. jokes D. warnings
25. A. call B. turn C. smile D. look
26. A. persuade B. trust C. recognize D. prevent
27. A. grateful B. surprised C. ashamed D. hopeful
28. A. stood B. spoke C. slept D. stayed
29. A. nearly B. really C. secretly D. suddenly
30. A. diamond B. water C. sand D. food
31. A. ordered B. comforted C. supported D. showed
32. A. heard B. understood C. believed D. remembered
33. A. enough B. clean C. safe D. warm
34. A. feet B. hands C. lips D. arms
35. A. fill B. open C. move D. press
36. A. adjusted B. reacted C. contributed D. returned
37. A. offered B. agreed C. managed D. afforded
38. A. improved B. replied C. quit D. accepted
39. A. speech B. journey C. walk D. work
40. A. book B. tool C. bottle D. watch
第Ⅱ卷 (满分50分)
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
C919 was the first China-made aircraft. Actually, the research and development process was supported by more than 30 top Chinese universities, ___41___(include) Tsinghua and Peking University.
The capitalized C of C919 stands ___42___Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, and COMAC for short. The number 9 symbolizes"forever" in Chinese while 19 refers to its capacity of 190 passengers.It has not been ____43____(official) in use yet, but the C919 ____44____(take)its first fly on 5 May 2017 and it was a remarkable success. It is now in the final testing stage and is planned to enter commercial service in 2021 with China Eastern Airlines. Though the C919 has not been put into official operation, there are more than 1000 orders ___45___(announce) already,from home and abroad.
The successful trial flight of C919 also shows that the manufacturing industry of China is becoming more and more internationally ___46___(compete )! C919 was designed and produced in China, ____47____ , however,was made with ___48___(resource) from around the world. Undoubtedly,C919 is an ___49___ ( achieve) of global cooperation. In the future, COMAC also plans a wide-body plane, the C929, in cooperation with Russia's United Aircraft Corporation. The win-win attitude is just ____50____makes China such an attractive and respectable nation.
第四部分 写作(共两节满分35分)
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉
修改在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Courage is one of the thing I wish I could possess. I become nervous as soon as I am asking to speak in the public. To honest, my heart always pounds so hard before I go on stage which I have to take deep breaths many times.I still remember there were times when I gave up easy just because I was afraid to fail. I talk to a friend about my feelings and he encouraged me to presenting things on stage more often. To her delight, I'm getting better at it! I hope one day I can succeed on having the courage to do everything I want.
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
52.假定你是李华，受英语俱乐部委托写一则通知，邀请大家观看英语电影。内容包括：
1.放映时间、地点；
2.观影后举办英语角欢迎大家谈谈观影感。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Notice
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
English Club
答案与解析
本试题卷由四个部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。考试时间120分钟满分150分。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将本人的姓名、准考证号等考生信息填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔将准考证号填涂在相应位置。
2选择题答案使用2B铅笔填涂，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号；非选择题答案使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号在各题的答题区域（黑色线框）内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。
4.保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。
第Ⅰ卷（满分100分）
第一部分听力 （省略）
第二部分 阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项标号涂黑。
A
Charities
These days there are thousands of charities around the world and it is possible to donate money to help people, animals and places.
Mencap is a charity which is intended to fight against prejudice against those people who suffer from any kind of learning disability. Most of Mencap's work is campaigning. People with learning disabilities are disadvantaged because of prejudice and lack of funding for community care. Mencap raised awareness by working at local, national and European levels to deal with those issues that affect people with learning disabilities. It also provides services of education, housing and employment as well as support and advice for families and carers of sufferers.
EveryChild is a relatively new charity which was created in 1983. Every Child identifies the needs of a particular community and then sets up projects to make sure that children in these communities have basic rights such as healthcare. education, social services and community development. Every Child sets up the projects so that they are self running. The organization then moves on to new projects, leaving things in the hands of locals.
The RSPCA( Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) is the first organization meant for the well-being of animals anywhere in the world. The SPCA was set up in London in 1824 .At that time it was considered strange that people should care about cruelty to animals. In 1840 Queen Victoria gave the organization permission to be called a royal society The RSPCA. These days there are almost two hundred branches in the UK.
The TBG(Tidy Britain Group) is an independent national charity fighting to improve the quality of the local environment. They aim to get everyone involved in doing their bit to keep Britain clean. The work of the TBG is done mainly hrough campaigning. Volunteers work closely with governments and businesses to organize educational programs designed to raise awareness of the problems. The TBG's sister organization, Going for Green,concentrates on pollution issues. The two groups have the same chief executive.
1. What's the main purpose of Mencap?
A. To improve community care. B. To provide educational services.
C. To fight against any kind of prejudice. D. To help people with learning disabilities.
2. What was Queen Victoria's attitude towards the SPCA?
A. Approving. B. Doubtful.
C. Tolerant. D. Casual.
3. Going for Green shares a similar goal with__________.
A. Mencap. B. Every Child
C. the RSPCA D. the TBG
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D
【解析】
本文是说明文。介绍了几个慈善组织：Mencap致力于帮助学习有障碍的人，EveryChild致力于确保儿童享有基本权利，the RSPCA是世界上第一个为动物谋福利的慈善组织，the TBG和Going for Green致力于改善环境问题。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Mencap is a charity which is intended to fight against prejudice against those people who suffer from any kind of learning disability （Mencap是一个慈善机构，旨在消除人们对那些有学习障碍的人的偏见）”可知，Mencap的目的是帮助那些有学习障碍的人。故选D 项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In 1840 Queen Victoria gave the organization permission to be called a royal society The RSPCA（1840年，维多利亚女王允许该组织被称为皇家学会the RSPCA）”可知，维多利亚女王对the SPCA组织是支持的态度。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“The TBG(Tidy Britain Group) is an independent national charity fighting to improve the quality of the local environment”和“The TBG's sister organization, Going for Green, concentrates on pollution issues”可知，The TBG和其姊妹组织Going for Green目的一样，都是专注于改善当地的环境和污染问题。故选D项。
B
When I was nine years old, I went off to summer camp for the first time. And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books, which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do. While reading, you have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you, but you are also free to experience the adventure land inside your own mind. And I had this idea that camp was going to be just like this.
On the very first day, our counselor(顾问) gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill(浸润) camp spirit. And it went like this: “R-O-W-D-I-E, that's the way we spell rowdie. Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie . Yeah！”. So I couldn't figure out why we had to spell this word incorrectly. But I recited the cheer along with everybody else. I did my best. And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books.
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girl in the room came up to me and asked me, “Why are you being so mellow(安静的)?” Mellow, of course, is the exact opposite of R-O-W-D-I-E. And then the second time I tried it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.
And so I put my books away, back in their suitcase, and I put them under my bed, and there they stayed for the rest of the summer. And I felt kind of guilty about this. I felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they were calling out to me but I just gave them up.
4. According to the author, what would the coming camp be like?
A. It would be very noisy.
B. It would involve lots of reading.
C. It would be full of danger and excitement.
D. It would make a good chance to get close to nature.
5. How did the author feel about the cheer part?
A. Puzzled. B. Excited.
C. Concerned. D. Frightened.
6. How did the counselor react on seeing the author reading?
A. She got very angry.
B. She praised the author.
C. She asked the author to share the book
D. She indirectly advised the author not to read.
7. Why was the author guilty?
A. She was kind of quiet.
B. She had to leave her books unread.
C. She was unwilling to open her books.
D. She didn't follow the counselor's advice.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
本文是记叙文，讲述了作者一次夏令营的经历。作者是一个性格安静的孩子，喜欢看书，带了很多书到夏令营，但是辅导员建议她不要看书，而是要努力让性格变得开朗起来。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“my mother packed me a suitcase full of books, which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do”和“And I had this idea that camp was going to be just like this”可知，作者去夏令营，妈妈给她带了很多书，她觉得读书是一件非常自然也很有乐趣的事情，以为这次夏令营里需要阅读许多书。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段it went like this: “R-O-W-D-I-E, that's the way we spell rowdie. Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie（（欢呼的口号）是：R-O-W-D-I-E，这是我们拼写“吵闹”这个词的方式。“闹，闹，让我们闹起来”）和“I couldn't figure out why we had to spell this word incorrectly. But I recited the cheer along with everybody else(我不明白为什么我们要把这个单词拼错。但是我和其他人一起背诵了欢呼声。)”可知。作者虽然还是跟别人一起欢呼，但她不明白为什么要闹起来，为什么要把Rowdie这个词拼错。rowdie 形容词，“吵闹的”，正确拼写形式是rowdy。因此推断作者是困惑的。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing（辅导员脸上带着关心的表情来到我身边，她重复了关于露营精神的观点，说我们都应该努力变得外向）”可推断辅导员间接地建议作者露营时不要看书，她想通过强调露营精神让作者变得开朗。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“I felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they were calling out to me but I just gave them up.”可知，作者露营时将书带去了，但是一个夏天都没有看书，觉得书好像需要她，而她却放弃了书本，因此感到内疚。故选B项。
C
Have you ever wondered how many cigarettes you're passively smoking while walking through the streets of a polluted, smog-infused((烟雾笼罩的)city?No?Well, a pair of digital developers just invented an app that will definitely and accurately answer that question.
Shit, I Smoke! was created by Brazilian-born designer Marcelo Coelho and Paris-born app developer Amaury Martiny in just a week, after they read a study that analyzed air pollution and its equivalent(等量)to cigarette smoking. The article, co-written by Richard Mueller, a MacArthur fellow and physics professor at the University of California, Berkeley, explains a mathematical model that compares smoking and tobacco-related deaths to levels of PM2.5, a microscopic particle(微粒)that is a dangerous, cancerous pollutant after burning.
The app shows that Parisians can effectively inhale(吸入) between three and six cigarettes per day, while a person in Delhi could be smoking up to 20 cigarettes-without even touching one--on a bad day. Other cities have worrying numbers, too (6. 5 cigarettes daily in Mexico City ).
“I was surprised to see that Buenos Aires and Sao Paulo have the best air quality in all Latin America,despite the fact that these are heavily populated cities,”said Coelho, who's originally from the latter, Brazil's largest city.
For both Coelho and Martiny, the app isn't only a useful tool to inform users about their city's air quality;it also makes this information more accessible and easier to understand. “These air-quality monitoring stations are just numbers, numbers that are very specific to professionals who work in environmental issues,” Martiny said. “So when you make this conversion(转换)to cigarettes, it makes it easier to understand what people are dealing with and the consequences air quality has in the daily lives.”
The developers' plan now is to keep working on and enriching the app's features. This will most likely include monthly average cigarette rates, and enabling users to get data from cities other than the one they're in.
8. What does the underlined part “that question” mean?
A. How severely a city's air is polluted.
B. How harmful it is to smoke in urban areas.
C. How many cigarettes one usually smokes daily.
D. How much harmful air you're taking in in urban areas.
9. According to Shit, I Smoke!, which city has the worst air quality?
A. Paris B. Delhi.
C. Mexico City. D. Sao Paulo.
10. Before Coelho used the app, he probably thought that__________.
A. Brazil might have good air
B. his hometown was a badly polluted city.
C. air pollution wasn't a problem in Latin America.
D. Buenos Aires had the best air quality in Latin America
11. In the opinion of Coelho and Martiny, what is the usage of the app?
A. Encouraging people to abandon the habit of smoking.
B. Recommending some best places for people to live in.
C. Helping people better know their everyday air quality.
D. Reminding people to do something good for the environment.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C
【解析】
本文是说明文，文章介绍了一种APP，能够将空气污染程度转换成等于吸了多少支烟，从而让人们更容易了解空气质量。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上下文可知，that question指代上文“how many cigarettes you're passively smoking while walking through the streets of a polluted, smog-infused city? ”，因此可知 that question 指的是在污染严重的城市里，你被动地吸入了相当于多少支烟的有害气体。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。第三段中提到 “that Parisians can effectively inhale(吸入) between three and six cigarettes per day… a person in Delhi could be smoking up to 20 cigarettes… Other cities …6. 5 cigarettes daily in Mexico City ”。根据APP显示的数据，巴黎人一天等同于吸3.6支烟，新德里的人最糟糕的时候一天可能会等同于吸多达20支烟，墨西哥人一天等同于吸6.5支烟；再根据下文“… Sao Paulo have the best air quality in all Latin America”可知，圣保罗的空气质量非常好。比较四个城市的数据，可以看出新德里的空气污染情况最严重。 故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段来自巴西最大的城市圣保罗的Coelho 所说的话“I was surprised to see that Buenos Aires and Sao Paulo have the best air quality in all Latin America, despite the fact that these are heavily populated cities（我惊讶地看到，布宜诺斯艾利斯和圣保罗的空气质量在整个拉丁美洲都是最好的，尽管这些都是人口稠密的城市）”可知，在使用APP之后，他发现圣保罗空气质量是最好的，也就是说在使用APP之前，他觉得他的家乡圣保罗的空气质量很差，污染严重。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“when you make this conversion to cigarettes, it makes it easier to understand what people are dealing with and the consequences air quality has in the daily lives（当转换为你吸多少支香烟时，就更容易让人们懂得他们在应对的是什么以及空气质量在日常生活中的影响）”可知，APP将空气污染程度转换成抽多少支烟这样具体的数字，更容易让人们了解空气质量如何。故选C项。
D
Researchers have studied how birth order affects kid’s personalities in the past, but one study out of the United Kingdom has found that firstborns may have an educational advantage over their younger siblings (兄弟姐妹).
Researchers at the University of Essex’s Institute for Social and Economic Research surveyed 3,553 individuals and 1,503 groups of siblings, and discovered that firstborn children tended to have higher educational aspirations and attainment. Only children and firstborn twins were not included in the study.
For each family involved in the study, researcher Feifei Bu examined sibling birth order, the number of children in the family, age spacing, sex, health, relationships with one another and educational aspirations. She found that firstborns had a greater probability—16 percent higher—of attending further education, compared with later-born sibling.
“The advantage of firstborns in educational outcomes may be partially explained by the fact that firstborns tend to have higher aspirations which push them toward high education levels,” Bu wrote in the published study.
She further explained to The Guardian that parenting could play a role. “It could be that the parents simply devote more time and energy to them; it could be that they are actually more intelligent. For me, I tend to lean towards the theory that the amount of time, energy and involvement that parents put into caring for their children is possibly at work here,” she said.
She also found age spacing to be a contributing factor. The further apart in age the siblings—for example, a six year instead of one year difference—the more likely both kids were to be successful. The idea is that with widely spaced siblings, parents have the ability to spread out their resources. In other words, they have time to give each child more time and money.
But younger siblings shouldn’t worry. The world is full of successful middle and youngest children willing to prove this study wrong.
12. Who are more likely to complete higher levels of education according to Paragraphs 1 and 2?
A. Only children. B. Firstborn twins.
C. Younger siblings. D. Firstborn siblings.
13. What is possibly important for kids’ educational achievement according to Bu?
A. Parental investment. B. Parents’ intelligence.
C. Kids native intelligence. D. Kids’ school environment.
14. What is the influence of wider age spacing between two siblings?
A. It may cause conflicts between them.
B. It may place more pressure on parents.
C. Both of them are more likely to succeed.
D. They are likely to be different from each other.
15. How is the text mainly developed?
A. By listing examples. B. By giving descriptions.
C. By setting down general rules. D. By presenting research findings.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。埃塞克斯大学社会经济研究所的研究人员调查了3553名个体和1503组兄弟姐妹，发现长子往往有更高的教育抱负和成就。研究中没有包括独生子女和头胎双胞胎。其中父母花在照顾孩子上的时间、精力和投入可能在这里发挥了作用。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的Researchers at the University of Essex's Institute for Social and Economic Research surveyed 3,553 individuals and 1,503 groups of siblings, and discovered that firstborn children tended to have higher educational aspirations and attainment. Only children and firstborn twins were not included in the study.（埃塞克斯大学社会经济研究所的研究人员调查了3553名个体和1503组兄弟姐妹，发现长子往往有更高的教育抱负和成就。研究中没有包括独生子女和头胎双胞胎。）可知根据第1段和第2段内容，长子的兄弟姐妹更有可能完成更高层次的教育。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中For me, I tend to lean towards the theory that the amount of time, energy and involvement that parents put into caring for their children is possibly at work here,” she said.（“对我来说，我倾向于这样一种理论:父母花在照顾孩子上的时间、精力和投入可能在这里发挥了作用。”）可知Bu认为，父母的投资可能对孩子的教育成就很重要。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句The further apart in age the siblings—for example, a six year instead of one year difference—the more likely both kids were to be successful.（兄弟姐妹的年龄差距越大——例如，相差6岁而不是1岁——两个孩子成功的可能性就越大。）可知兄弟姐妹之间年龄差距越大，他们成功的可能性越大。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。分析文章结构可知，第一二段主要说明了“长子的兄弟姐妹更有可能完成更高层次的教育”的研究发现，第五段说明父母的投资可能对孩子的教育成就很重要；第六段第一句She also found age spacing to be a contributing factor.（她还发现年龄间隔也是一个影响因素。）说明兄弟姐妹之间年龄差距越大，他们成功的可能性越大。可知文章主要本文主要通过展示研究成果来展开。故选D。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Resume(简历)tips:4 ways to stand out on paper
According to a recent study，recruiters(招聘人员)only spend six seconds looking at your resume. So how do you make it into the callback pile in those mere seconds?____16____Here is a bunch of ways to do just that.
1. Use key words.
When recruiters look through resumes, they're looking for key words that match the job description, including basic key words will get their attention, but you can take it a step further.____17____Then include those key words in your resume as well.
2. ___18___
My friend is a chef. Her resume looks a lot like any chef's resume with one surprising difference.Under personal accomplishments she wrote, “Won the 2007 St. Bernard Parish Pie Eating Contest.” It isn't something you'd expect. She's been asked about the contest on several interviews, which is the perfect time to tell the recruiter that she also baked all of the pies for the contest.
3. Turn your resume into an infographic.
___19___Just ask college journalist Chris Spurlock. Last year he turned his resume into an infographic. Not long after, Spurlock's resume was posted on both blogs and twitter. If you're in a creative field, make your resume look different from the standard one-page list.
4. Make a video resume
Sales manager Stan Paprzycki shot a video of himself, posted it on You Tube, and then sent the link to potential employers. The result was almost 100 percent positive response.____20____A video resume is better suited for jobs like sales and marketing.
A. Take part in a contest.
B. Add unusual accomplishments.
C. Better yet, his video resume got him a job.
D Your resume doesn't have to be a one-page list of achievements.
E. Adding some personalities to your resume can't hurt, but avoid jokes.
F. By thinking outside the box and making a resume that will hold the recruiter's attention.
G. Check out the company's website and look for any company goals that fit your experience.
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. B 19. D 20. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文，介绍四种让你的简历吸引招聘人员的方法。
【16题详解】
空前一句提出问题“how do you make it into….?”选项F意为：跳出思维定势，制作一份吸引招聘人员注意力的简历，是回答上一句的问题。结合下文可知，下一句中的 to do just that即是指选项F 中 hold the recruiter's attention。故选F项。
【17题详解】
空前一句说you can take it a step further（你可以更进一步）；选项G意为：查看该公司的网站，寻找任何符合你经验的公司目标。作者建议针对公司的要求，在你的简历中以关键词的形式呈现你的经历，会更容易吸引招聘人员，这是对“更进一步”的补充说明。故选G项。
【18题详解】
分析文章结构可知，该空是此段的小标题。根据下文“Under personal accomplishments she wrote…”可知，此段主题是在你的简历中要体现你所取得的成绩。选项B意为：加上不寻常的成就，符合该段主题。故选 B 项。
【19题详解】
此段的小标题为“把你的简历制成信息图表”；选项D意为：你的简历不必是一页成绩清单。下文提到make your resume look different from the standard one-page list可知，作者建议让你的简历看起来不同于标准的一页简历，与选项D 意思相符。故选 D项。
【20题详解】
此段的小标题是“制作视频简历”，下文是举出Stan Paprzycki的例子，说明视频简历的好处；选项D意为：更好的是，他的视频简历给他找了一份工作，也是说明视频简历给他带来的好处。故选C 项。
【点睛】七选五做题技巧
1. 略读文章抓大意
即以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(如however, but等词后的内容) ，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。
如此篇文章可以跳跃式地浏览文章，会发现每一小段小标题就是该小段的主题句，每段的内容围绕小标题展开。
2. 重点阅读上下句
因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。
如第一小题，空前的一句“how do you make it into the callback pile in those mere seconds?”提出问题,选项F是回答上一句的问题，从而判断正确选项。
3.标题结构。
如果考查段落标题，先看看其他标题的语言形式，同一文章中的几个段落小标题基本上是同一语言形式。如果其他标题是名词短语，该题答案也是名词短语；如果其他标题是祈使句，该题的答案也是祈使句。如：
如第3小题，观察其他每小段，数字后的都是小标题，形式都是祈使句，因此，此空也是小标题，也应该是祈使句形式，可以帮助确定选项。
4. 词语复现显神功
上下文与主题相关的词语通常会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词，而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。
如第5小题线索是词汇复现，小标题是Make a video resume，此段都是围绕video resume展开， 选项C中的his video resume…是词汇复现，帮助确定选项。
值得注意的是，有的题利用词语复现解题十分管用，但这并不意味着凡与上句或下句有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项，只是正确的可能性更大，在解题过程中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已。是否为正确答案，还得将含复现词的选项代入原文，看该选项与上下文是否真的衔接，只有上下衔接紧密的才是正确选项。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节:完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
“Don't drive across the Kalahari Desert alone”, my friends said. “You might meet Bushmen who have no ____21____on travelers. "When a traveler lost his way in the desert, a Bushman often waited for him to die and took away the travelers belongings. However, as across the Kalahari Desert was 1, 000 miles shorter than any other，I decided to____22____ it. Everything went well until my car broke down.
The noon sun was terribly hot, and I felt ____23____ and lonely. Remembering my friends'____24____, I was a little afraid, too. Then I saw a Bushman walk toward me and smile. I did not____25____back. Later, he began to talk but I still didn't ____26____ him. However, when evening came, I was____27____ that there was another human being with me. As he waved his hand every few minutes, I felt less afraid and at last___28___
I woke in the early morning and____29____found he had a small leather bag, full of _____30_____. I opened the door of the car and in sign language I_____31_____ him that I needed water for the car. He_____32_____ and gave me the bag. I poured the water into the radiator(水箱) and it was not_____33_____. The Bushman ran to the tall grass ,found a long hollow(空心的)stick and pushed one end of the stick into the sand. Then he put his_____34_____around the other end of the stick, and water came out. The Bushman's mouth worked to_____35_____ my bottle .When it was full, he gave it to me. I took the bottle back to the car, poured the water into the radiator, and then_____36_____to the Bushman. Finally, no water came out and we walked back to the car.
I_____37_____ to give him my watch but he turned it down. I decided to give him back a bottle of water taken from the radiator. At my insistence, he_____38_____. I waved him good-bye and continued my_____39_____. That evening I stopped at a small village. I was taking my bags out of the car when I saw my_____40_____. It was on the floor of the car, where the Bushman had put it .
21. A. tickets B. mercy C. duty D. plans
22. A. end B. find C. try D. change
23. A. thirsty B. drunk C. confused D. amazed
24. A. experiences B. mistakes C. jokes D. warnings
25. A. call B. turn C. smile D. look
26. A. persuade B. trust C. recognize D. prevent
27. A. grateful B. surprised C. ashamed D. hopeful
28. A. stood B. spoke C. slept D. stayed
29. A. nearly B. really C. secretly D. suddenly
30. A. diamond B. water C. sand D. food
31. A. ordered B. comforted C. supported D. showed
32. A. heard B. understood C. believed D. remembered
33. A. enough B. clean C. safe D. warm
34. A. feet B. hands C. lips D. arms
35. A. fill B. open C. move D. press
36. A. adjusted B. reacted C. contributed D. returned
37. A. offered B. agreed C. managed D. afforded
38. A. improved B. replied C. quit D. accepted
39. A. speech B. journey C. walk D. work
40. A. book B. tool C. bottle D. watch
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. A 36. D 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. C
【解析】
本文是记叙文。讲述了作者独自一人在沙漠中旅行，遇到了一个布希曼人并帮助他的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能会遇到那些对旅行者毫不同期的布希曼人。A. tickets票；B. mercy怜悯；C. duty职责；D. plans计划。根据下一句When a traveler lost his way in the desert, a Bushman often waited for him to die and took away the traveler’s belongings（当旅行者在沙漠里迷路时，布西曼人就等着他死，然后把旅行者的东西拿走）可知，布希曼人对迷路的旅行者毫不同情。短语have no mercy on “不怜悯，不同情”。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，因为穿过卡拉哈里沙漠比任何其他地方路程都要短1000英里，因此我决定试下。A. end结束；B. find发现；C. try尝试；D. change改变。
因为路程要短一些，因此我决定尝试穿越卡拉哈利沙漠。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中午的太阳非常热，我感到又渴又寂寞。A. thirsty口渴的；B. drunk喝醉的；C. confused感到困惑的；D. amazed感到惊讶的。根据常识，炎热的中午，在沙漠中，会感到口渴。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：想起朋友们的警告，我也有点害怕。A. experiences经历；B. mistakes错误；C. jokes笑话；D. warnings警告。文章首句“Don't drive across the Kalahari Desert alone”和“”You might meet Bushmen who have no mercy on travelers”是朋友的警告。
故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我看到一个布希曼人向我走来，对我微笑。我没有回笑。A. call打电话；B. turn转身；C. smile微笑；D. look看。一般来说，别人对你微笑，你也应该对他微笑，但是作者没有对那个布希曼人微笑。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他开始说话，但我仍然不信任他。A. persuade说服；B. trust信任；C. recognize认出；D. prevent预防。作者想起朋友警告，对布希曼人印象不好，因此不信任他。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当夜晚来临时，我很感激还有一个人和我在一起。A. grateful感激的；B. surprised感到惊讶的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. hopeful有希望的。从上文I felt thirsty and lonely可知，作者走在沙漠中感到很寂寞，这时有一个人陪伴着他，他还是很感激的。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我就不那么害怕了，终于睡着了。 A. stood站着；B. spoke 说话；C. slept睡觉；D. stayed停留。根据上文when evening came可知，到了晚上终于睡着了。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一大早醒来，突然发现他有一个小皮囊，装满了水。A. nearly几乎；B. really真地；C. secretly秘密地；D. suddenly突然地。从下文I needed water for the car可知，作者的车急需水，是意外地发现那个布希曼人有水，因此是“很突然地”。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一大早醒来，突然发现他有一个小皮囊，装满了水。A. diamond钻石；B. water水；C. sand沙；D. food食物。从下文I needed water for the car可知，作者发现布希曼人的皮囊里装的是水。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我打开汽车的门，用手语告诉他我的车需要水。A. ordered命令；B. comforted安慰；C. supported支持；D. showed显示，表示。作者用手势语向他表示自己需要水。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他明白了我的意思，然后把皮囊给我。A. heard听见；B. understood理解，明白；C. believed相信；D. remembered记得。那个布希曼人把皮囊给作者，应该是明白了作者需要水。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我把水倒进水箱，但是不够。A. enough足够的；B. clean干净的；C. safe安全的；D. warm温暖的。从下文那个布希曼人想办法，又去帮作者弄到水，可以看出皮囊里面的水是不够的。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他把嘴唇放在棍子的另一端，水就吸出来了。A. feet脚； B. hands手；C. lips嘴唇；D. arms手臂。根据下一句The Bushman's mouth worked可知，那个布希曼人是用嘴吸水。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：布希曼人用嘴吸水，灌满我的瓶子。A. fill充满；B. open打开； C. move移动；D. press按，压。根据下一句When it was full可知，是将我的瓶子装满水。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把瓶子拿回到车上，把水倒进散热器里，然后返回到布希曼人那里。A. adjusted调整，适应；B. reacted反应；C. contributed做贡献；D. returned返回。从下一句we walked back to the car可知，作者是回到布希曼人那里，然后又返回到车上。故选D项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我提出把手表给他，但他拒绝了。A. offered主动提出；B. agreed同意；C. managed设法做…；D. afforded花得起钱。作者提出把手表给他表示感谢。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我坚持下，他接受了。A. improved改善；B. replied回答；C. quit放弃；D. accepted接受。作者给那个布希曼人手表，他拒绝了；作者给他一瓶水，他接受了。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我向他挥手告别，继续我的旅程。A. speech演讲；B. journey旅行；C. walk走路； D. work工作。根据上文可知，作者是独自一人在沙漠中旅行。故选B项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正从车里拿出我的包，这时我看到了我的瓶子。
A. book书；B. tool工具；C. bottle瓶子；D. watch手表。因为担心作者旅途没有水，那个布希曼人并没有把水瓶拿走。故选C项。
第Ⅱ卷 (满分50分)
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
C919 was the first China-made aircraft. Actually, the research and development process was supported by more than 30 top Chinese universities, ___41___(include) Tsinghua and Peking University.
The capitalized C of C919 stands ___42___Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, and COMAC for short. The number 9 symbolizes"forever" in Chinese while 19 refers to its capacity of 190 passengers.It has not been ____43____(official) in use yet, but the C919 ____44____(take)its first fly on 5 May 2017 and it was a remarkable success. It is now in the final testing stage and is planned to enter commercial service in 2021 with China Eastern Airlines. Though the C919 has not been put into official operation, there are more than 1000 orders ___45___(announce) already,from home and abroad.
The successful trial flight of C919 also shows that the manufacturing industry of China is becoming more and more internationally ___46___(compete )! C919 was designed and produced in China, ____47____ , however,was made with ___48___(resource) from around the world. Undoubtedly,C919 is an ___49___ ( achieve) of global cooperation. In the future, COMAC also plans a wide-body plane, the C929, in cooperation with Russia's United Aircraft Corporation. The win-win attitude is just ____50____makes China such an attractive and respectable nation.
【答案】41. including
42. for 43. officially
44. took 45. announced
46. competitive
47. which 48. resources
49. achievement
50. what
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文，介绍了中国自行研制和生产商用飞机C919的情况。C919的成功试飞说明了中国制造业越来越具有国际竞争力。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：研究和开发过程得到了包括清华和北京大学在内的30多所中国顶尖大学的支持。include是动词，意为“包括”，空后是名词短语，因此用介词including。故填including。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：C919中大写的C代表中国商用飞机公司，简称COMAC。短语“代表”stand for，故填for。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：它还没有正式投入使用。修饰介词短语in use应用副词。official是形容词，故填officially。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：但C919在2017年5月5日首飞，取得了令人瞩目的成功。时间状语on 5 May，2017是过去的时间，谓语动词应用一般过去时。take是不规则变化动词，过去式为took。故填took。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然C919尚未正式投入运营，但已经公布有来自国内外的1000多个订单。 分析句意，announce与其逻辑主语more than 1000 orders是被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句which were announced。故填announced。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：C919的成功试飞也说明中国制造业越来越具有国际竞争力！“more and more…”，意为“越来越…”，后接形容词原形；compete是动词，形容词为competitive。故填competitive。
【47题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：C919是在中国设计和生产的，但它是用世界各地的资源制造的。分析句子结构，空后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词C919，指物，在从句中作主语，故填which。
【48题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：C919是在中国设计和生产的，但它是用世界各地的资源制造的。根据句意，“来自世界各地的资源”是指“多种资源”，应用resource的复数形式，故填resources。
【49题详解】
考查构词法。句意：毫无疑问，C919是全球合作的成果。在不定冠词an后应该是名词作宾语；achieve是动词，名词为achievement。故填achievement。
【50题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：正是这种双赢的态度使中国成为如此有吸引力和受人尊敬的国家。分析句子结构，be动词is后是表语从句，表语从句中缺少主语，因此用what引导表语从句，在表语从句中作主语，意为“……事情，……东西”。故填what。
【点睛】what 在名词性从句中的用法
1.what引导名词性从句，可以引导主语从句， 表语从句， 宾语从句和同位语从句。
what 引导名词性从句时有两种含义：（1）什么；（2）……的人/事/物。
What you will do next is none of my business. 你下一步做什么不关我的事。
（what 引导主语从句，意为“……事情”，在从句中作宾语）
The teacher told us he wanted to take back what he had said. 老师告诉我们他想收回他说过的话。（what 引导宾语从句，意为“……话”， 在从句中作宾语）
She is no longer what she used to be. 她不是过去的她了。（what 引导表语从句，意为“……人，……样子”， 在从句中作表语）
The question what makes the matter worse has been puzzling me. “是什么使情况更糟了”这个问题一直使我很困惑。（what 引导同位语从句，意为“……事情”， 在从句中作主语）
如本题第10小题中， 填what引导表语从句，在表语从句中作主语，意为“……事情，……东西”。
第四部分 写作(共两节满分35分)
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉
修改在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Courage is one of the thing I wish I could possess. I become nervous as soon as I am asking to speak in the public. To honest, my heart always pounds so hard before I go on stage which I have to take deep breaths many times.I still remember there were times when I gave up easy just because I was afraid to fail. I talk to a friend about my feelings and he encouraged me to presenting things on stage more often. To her delight, I'm getting better at it! I hope one day I can succeed on having the courage to do everything I want.
【答案】第1处： thing→things
第2处： asking→asked
第3处：去掉 in the public 中的 the
第4处： to honest 中间加 be
第5处： which→that
第6处： easy→easily
第7处： talk→talked
第8处： presenting→present
第9处： her→my
第10 处：on→in
【解析】
【分析】
本文是记叙文，讲述了作者最初在公开场合说话的时候会很紧张。在朋友的鼓励下作者慢慢地有了勇气，敢于在公开场合讲话。
【详解】1.考查名词。表示“……之一”用“one of +可数名词的复数”，因此thing应该用复数形式things。故 thing改为things。
2. 考查被动语态。句意：当要我在公共场合讲话时候我就很紧张。ask和主语I之间为被动关系，应该用一般现在时的被动语态，故asking改为asked。
3.考查固定短语。短语“公开地”in public,故去掉 in the public 中的 the。
4.考查固定短语。短语“说实话，老实说”to be honest, 常用作插入语。故 to honest 中间加 be。
5.考查状语从句。句意：我在上台之前，我的心总是砰砰直跳，以至于要多次地深呼吸。前面有so hard ，因此是“so…that”结构，意为“如此……以致……”。故which改为that。
6. 考查副词。修饰动词短语gave up应该用副词，故easy改为easily。
7. 考查时态。这里是讲述过去发生的事情，根据下一句he encouraged me的时态，talk应该用一般过去时。故talk改为talked。
8. 考查非谓语动词。短语“鼓励某人做……”encourage sb.to do …, 后接不定式做宾语补足语。故presenting改为present。
9. 考查代词。上文叙述的是“我”的经历，根据句意，应该是“使我高兴的是”，故her改为my。
10. 考查固定短语。短语“在……方面成功”succeed in doing…，故on改为in。
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
52.假定你是李华，受英语俱乐部委托写一则通知，邀请大家观看英语电影。内容包括：
1.放映时间、地点；
2.观影后举办英语角欢迎大家谈谈观影感。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Notice
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
English Club
【答案】Notice
In order to create a more interesting atmosphere for the students who are especially curious about English learning, we are going to show an English movie this Sunday afternoon. Whoever has a great interest in it is welcome.
As scheduled, the movie will be shown in the school lecture hall at 4:00 p.m. this Sunday, which will last for two hours. You're strongly recommended to arrive earlier so that you might have a better seat. After watching the movie, we are going to hold an English corner, at which you are expected to participate and voice your opinion bravely in English.
Come on and join us!
English Club
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文, 要求写一份通知。
【详解】第一步：
审题: 通知
人称：第二、三人称
时态： 一般现在时、一般将来时
结构： 总分法，分三部分，第一部分告知邀请大家观看电影，第二部分说明具体安排，
第三部分欢迎参加。
要点：
1. 告知邀请大家观看电影
目的：为了创造更有趣的学习氛围
邀请对象：任何感兴趣的人都可以参加
2．具体的安排
①电影放映时间：本周六下午4点在学校报告厅
②观看电影后，举办英语角，谈谈观影感
3．欢迎大家参加
第二步：列提纲（重点词汇、短语 ）
create an interesting atmosphere；be curious about；an English movie；have interest in；
as scheduled；the school lecture hall；last；recommend；hold an English corner；participate；voice one’s opinion
第三步：连词成句
(1)In order to create a more interesting atmosphere , we are going to show an English movie this Sunday afternoon.
(2)Whoever has a great interest in it is welcomed.
(3)The movie will be shown in the school lecture hall at 4:00 p.m. this Sunday.
(4)The movie will last for two hours.
(5)We are going to hold an English corner
(6) You are expected to participate and voice your opinion.

第四步：连句成篇(多种表达、亮点词汇)
用多种句式表达“为了创造更有趣的氛围，我们将邀请大家观看英语电影。”
(1)To create a more interesting atmosphere , we are going to show an English movie.
(2)In order to create a more interesting atmosphere , we are going to show an English movie.
(3)With the aim of creating a more interesting atmosphere , we are going to show an English movie.
(4)For /With the purpose of creating a more interesting atmosphere , we are going to show an English movie.
用多种句式表达“任何有兴趣的人都欢迎参加。”
(1) Those who have great interest in it are welcome.
(1) Those who are interested in it are welcome.
(2)Whoever has great interest in it is welcome.
(3)Whoever is interested in it is welcome.
(4) Anyone who has great interest in it is welcome.
用定语从句连接下面两个句子
(5)We are going to hold an English corner
(6) You are expected to participate and voice your opinion.
→We are going to hold an English corner at which you are expected to participate and voice your opinion.
适当地运用高级词汇、多种句式提升文章的档次 ，增加文章的可读性。
【点睛】范文要点全面，结构清晰，层次分明，上下文连贯，在表达时用到了很多高级词汇，如 create an interesting atmosphere创造更有趣的氛围；be curious about对……好奇的；have interest in对…有兴趣；as scheduled按照安排；last持续；recommend建议；hold 举办；participate参与；voice one’s opinion发表你的观点等；复杂句式的运用提升了文章层次，如
主语从句的运用Whoever has a great interest in it is welcome；运用被动语态使句式多变You're strongly recommended to arrive earlier；目的状语从句的运用so that you might have a better seat；状语从句的省略形式使句子简洁After watching the movie….；定语从句的运用…at which you are expected to participate and voice your opinion…。

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