概要写作专项练习（一）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
While
many
of
us
go
to
sleep
before
midnight,
some
teenagers
choose
to
stay
up
much
later.
They
are
not
driven
by
the
burning
desire
to
write
a
better
essay
or
achieve
a
higher
grade.
Instead,
they
are
busy
playing
online
games.
Known
as
young
Internet
addicts,
they
have
long
been
a
problem
in
China.
A
report
released
in
2016
by
the
China
Youth
Association
for
Network
Development
showed
that
there
were
over
24
million
young
Internet
addicts
among
China’s
young
urban
Internet
users.
The
report
also
said
that
over
18
million
youths
had
a
tendency
to
develop
Internet
addiction.
To
deal
with
the
problem
of
Internet
addiction
among
teenagers,
the
Cyberspace
Administration
of
China
has
released
draft
regulations
which
carried
out
a
ban
on
online
gaming.
If
the
regulations
are
adopted，under-18s
would
be
banned
from
playing
online
games
between
midnight
and
8
am.
As
soon
as
the
government’s
draft
law
surfaced,
it
drew
great
attention
from
the
public.
Some
applauded
the
law
as
a
way
to
better
protect
minors
(未成年人)，saying
that
too
much
overnight
gaming
is
harmful
to
minors’
health
and
believing
the
period
between
midnight
and
8
am
to
be
vital
to
human
physical
functions.
However,
others
wondered
whether
it
would
be
practical
if
it
came
into
effect,
as
minors
could
just
borrow
their
parents’
IDs
to
register
accounts
to
play
online
games.
The
Guangming
Daily
suggested
that
parents
should
help
their
teenagers
find
a
balance
between
the
cyber
world
and
the
real
world.
China
is
by
no
means
the
only
one
trying
to
fight
against
teenager
gaming
addiction.
Germany
introduced
a
regulation
in
2002
in
an
attempt
to
stop
minors
from
playing
online
games
from
10
pm
to
6
am.
Meanwhile，the
UK，the
US
and
Australia
have
forced
a
rating
system
on
computer
games
to
make
sure
that
teenagers
cannot
access
“adult”
content
such
as
violence，sex
or
bad
language.
【答案】
Many
teenagers
in
China
have
become
addicted
to
overnight
online
games.
Thus，the
government
released
a
draft
law
to
solve
the
long-lasting
issue.
Some
people
welcomed
the
law
because
it
is
beneficial
to
the
teenagers’
health，while
others
doubted
whether
it
would
be
effective.
Actually,
many
other
countries
have
also
been
making
laws
against
the
youth
online
addiction.
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A
group
of
scientists
led
by
Song
Mingyang
at
the
Massachusetts
General
Hospital
analyzed
data
from
two
major
studies
involving
more
than
150,000
participants
to
determine
whether
people
who
consumed
protein(蛋白质)
from
red
and
processed
meats
had
a
significantly
higher
death
rate
than
those
who
got
their
protein
from
plants.
The
analysis
of
the
32?year
Nurses’
Health
Study,
followed
by
the
Health
Professionals
Follow?Up
Study
at
Harvard
University，didn’t
just
look
at
the
diets
of
the
participants
over
a
year.
It
stared
repeatedly—specifically
how
often
they
consumed
portions
of
particular
types
of
food
during
the
previous
years—every
four
years.
Song’s
team
found
that
a
10
percent
increase
generally
in
proteins
from
animals
resulted
in
a
2
percent
increase
in
death，and
an
8
percent
rise
in
death
risk
from
heart
disease.
But
a
3
percent
increase
in
protein
from
plants
led
to
a
10
percent
decrease
in
death
and
a
12
percent
drop
in
risk
of
death
from
cardiovascular?related
(心血管相关的)
death.
“The
findings
are
clear,”
said
Song.
“A
research
fellow
at
the
hospital’s
Clinical
and
Translational
Epidemiology
Unit
concluded
that
plant?based
proteins
from
sources
such
as
beans，nuts，quinoa
and
seeds
are
a
healthier
choice
than
steaks
or
beef
products
such
as
hot
dogs.
I
wouldn’t
suggest
that
everyone
switch
to
people
not
eating
any
animal
products.
That’s
because
certain
meats—chicken
and
fish，for
example—also
result
in
a
much
lower
death
risk
overall
and
from
heart
disease.”
“But
the
traditional
American
diet，popular
with
animal
products
such
as
burgers，meatballs，meatloaf，steaks，eggs
and
dairy，is
associated
with
a
variety
of
bad
outcomes,
”
Song
said.
In
some
cases,
it’s
not
just
that
meat
is
bad
and
plants
are
good.
Processed
meats
are
filled
with
potentially
unhealthy
additives
(添加剂)．Song
said
he
set
about
the
study
because
while
others
have
suggested
healthy
benefits
from
a
plant?based
diet,
none
looked
at
the
source
of
protein.
“We
were
able
to
link
information
over
the
years.
The
data
from
the
two
large,
long?term
studies
provided
a
unique
opportunity
to
look
at
long?term
health
outcomes,
”
he
said.
【答案】Some
researchers
surveyed
many
people
for
years
to
find
whether
protein
from
meat
or
plants
brings
a
higher
death
rate
to
human.
Researchers
have
found
that
protein
from
plants
works
better
at
reducing
death
rate.
But
a
balanced
amount
of
meat
is
also
good
at
reducing
death
rate.
Song’s
study
has
stated
the
source
of
proteins
and
figured
out
the
benefits
of
animal
products.
3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Mount
Fuji
is
a
world?famous
mountain
in
Japan.
It
is
one
of
Japan’s
“Three
Holy
Mountains”
along
with
Mount
Tate
and
Mount
Haku.
Mount
Fuji
is
3,776
meters
high，and
its
perfect
beautiful
shape
can
be
seen
from
all
around.
Mount
Fuji
presents
different
faces
in
different
seasons.
In
Japan，people
describe
the
mountain
as
“Diamond
Fuji”
when
it
is
at
dawn
or
dusk
and
as
“Red
Fuji”
when
the
mountain
is
lit
by
the
early
morning
sun.
Mount
Fuji
is
an
important
part
of
Japanese
culture.
The
mountain
has
been
the
subject
of
numerous
works
of
art.
It
has
also
been
part
of
Japan’s
ancient
faiths.
Mount
Fuji
is
one
of
the
world’s
classic
examples
of
a
strato
volcano(层状火山),
meaning
that
it
is
formed
from
many
layers
(层)
of
hardened
lava
(硬化熔岩)
that
has
spread
to
produce
a
huge
base.
The
last
eruption
(爆发)
of
Mount
Fuji
was
in
1707.
There
is
a
collection
of
hot
springs
and
lakes
nestled
around
Mount
Fuji.
The
views
over
the
springs
are
wonderful，with
endless
blue
water，fresh
green
water
plants
and
fish
swimming
lazily.
You
can
soak
(浸泡)
in
outdoor
hot
springs
while
admiring
the
view
of
Mount
Fuji
and
have
Japanese
food，such
as
fresh
sweet
fish.
At
the
northern
foot
of
the
mountain,
about
1,000
meters
above
sea
level,
is
the
Fuji
Five
Lake
area.
The
shores
of
the
lakes
are
decorated
with
seasonal
flowers.
The
image
of
Mount
Fuji
reflected
on
a
lake
surface
is
called
“Upside?Down
Fuji”
in
Japan.
The
Japanese
used
to
believe
that
God
lived
on
Mount
Fuji.
Japan’s
highest
mountain
and
highest
volcano
is
closely
woven
(编织)
into
the
country’s
legends
and
art，and
is
drawing
thousands
of
tourists.
【答案】The
passage
is
about
Mount
Fuji,
one
of
Japan’s
“Three
Holy
Mountains”.
It
presents
different
faces
in
different
seasons.
It
is
one
of
the
world’s
classic
examples
of
a
strato
volcano.
Around
it
there
is
a
collection
of
hot
springs
and
lakes.
Seasonal
flowers
make
the
shores
of
the
lakes
beautiful.
It
attracts
thousands
of
tourists.
4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A
million
people
will
live
on
Mars
within
one
hundred
years.
This
is
the
brave
expectation
of
Elon
Musk，the
founder
of
the
space
technology
company
Space
X．“We
need
to
fully
focus
on
becoming
a
multi?planet
civilization.
That’s
the
next
step,”
he
said
in
a
recent
interview
with
Aeon.
Musk
expects
to
see
about
80,000
people
living
on
Mars
by
2040.
It’s
all
about
protecting
the
human
race
from
extinction，according
to
Musk.
The
Earth
has
always
been
a
ticking
(滴答作响的)
time
bomb.
As
the
sun
begins
to
die，it
will
grow
bigger，becoming
what
is
known
as
a
Red
Giant.
In
500
million
years，the
sun
will
have
become
large
enough
to
kill
any
plant
and
animal
life
on
the
Earth，according
to
US
scientist
Edward
Guinan.
In
a
billion
years，the
Earth
will
have
become
a
hot
planet
with
little
or
no
water.
The
brave
dream
of
getting
the
human
race
to
Mars
is
not
only
Musk’s；others
have
made
plans，too.
A
Dutch
company
set
up
the
Mars
One
Foundation，hoping
to
be
the
first
project
to
put
humans
on
Mars.
It
received
over
200,000
applications
to
become
part
of
the
first
group
of
astronauts
to
go
there.
According
to
Mars
One，human
settlement
on
Mars
is
possible
with
existing
technologies.
Water，food，energy
and
oxygen
are
needed
for
life
anywhere.
According
to
Mars
One，water
that
was
still
in
the
Martian
soil
would
be
boiled
and
taken
out.
By
using
a
process
called
“electrolysis”，astronauts
could
turn
water
into
hydrogen
and
oxygen
for
breathing.
Astronauts
on
the
international
space
station
have
already
done
similar
things.
Food
can
also
be
grown
in
space.
Certain
plants
such
as
lettuces
and
onions
can
be
grown
using
LED
light
for
different
color
spectra(光谱)
and
much
less
heat.
NASA
has
been
reaching
this
to
prepare
for
visiting
Mars.
【答案】According
to
Elon
Musk,
many
people
will
live
on
Mars
in
the
near
future.
By
doing
so,
human
beings
can
avoid
being
ruined
by
the
increasingly
bigger
sun.
Luckily,
the
dream
for
human
to
settle
on
Mars
is
made
possible.
Continuous
scientific
research
can
make
water,
food,
energy
and
oxygen
available
in
space
and
on
Mars.
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Computers
have
changed
the
way
a
business
functions
to
a
large
extent.
In
the
past,
corporate
houses
rented
spaces
for
running
accounting
departments.It
took
months
together
to
figure
out
profit
or
loss
that
a
business
had
made
or
suffered.However,
computers
have
become
the
backbone
of
all
businesses
now.
Today,
computers
are
used
beyond
bookkeeping
(记账)
purposes
too.
Almost
everything
that
happens
in
an
organization
is
recorded,
worked
upon
and
evaluated
with
the
help
of
computers.
Imagining
our
lives
without
computers
is
next
to
impossible.
Computers
were
initially
used
only
in
workplaces.
However,
they
soon
became
a
household
name,
which
revolutionized
everything
from
school
homework
to
grocery
shopping.
When
the
Internet
came
into
being，it
caused
a
great
change
in
the
way
we
functioned.
Over
a
period
of
time，computers
enabled
working
from
home,
which
created
a
new
type
of
employment.This
gave
usage
of
computers,
within
the
confines
(界限)
of
homes，a
new
part.As
technology
progressed，simple
things
such
as
shopping，booking
tickets，buying
a
new
house，searching
for
schools
and
colleges,
researching
for
projects
and
medical
information
became
a
lot
easier
with
entry
of
computers
in
every
household.
As
an
indispensable
tool
in
our
lives,
computers
have
changed
the
way
we
think
in
more
ways
than
one.
Today,
all
you
have
to
do
about
finding
answers
is
just
“Google
it”!
The
online
world
of
blogging,
instant
messaging,
chatting
and
social
networking
not
only
leaves
virtual
traces,
but
unites
the
world
in
a
completely
unimagined
way.This
powerful
medium
is
the
great
mode
of
mass
communication
which
affects
our
thinking
by
providing
people
with
a
platform
to
voice
their
opinions
and
begin
discussions
that
have
brought
about
a
change
in
the
world.
Computers
have
pushed
us
to
see
different
worlds
and
experience
different
cultures.The
revolution
in
Egypt
is
the
latest
example
of
how
computers
changed
the
world.
Today
the
identity
of
information
technology
is
computers.
Invention
of
this
machine
has
changed
the
world’s
perspective
about
cultures,
economics,
history
and
current
affairs.The
advent
(到来)
of
computers
has
no
doubt
brought
a
revolutionary
change
in
our
existence.
【答案】Computers
have
brought
great
changes
to
our
lives
for
the
past
few
years.Firstly，computers
have
changed
the
traditional
way
that
people
do
business
greatly.Secondly,
computers
have
become
an
important
part
of
our
lives
and
benefited
us
in
many
ways.
Besides,
computers
have
changed
our
way
of
thinking.
More
importantly,
computers
allow
us
to
experience
different
cultures
without
leaving
home.
In
conclusion,
computers
have
been
one
of
the
greatest
inventions.
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Punishing
children
is
a
controversial
(争议的)
topic.
Everybody
has
different
opinions
about
how
to
act
to
correct
a
child’s
behavior.
People
have
disagreements
about
whether
it
is
good
for
a
child’s
education
to
punish
him.
The
word
“punish”
means
different
things
to
different
people.
Punishment
can
be
physical
or
emotional.
Physical
punishment
is
when
the
parent
hits
the
child.
On
the
other
hand,
emotional
punishment
is
when
the
parent,
in
order
to
educate
the
child,
doesn’t
let
him
watch
TV,
go
to
play
with
his
friends,
or
do
things
like
that.
Although
many
surveys
and
studies
have
showed
what
the
correct
way
is
to
raise
a
child，nobody
has
the
answer
or
the
truth.
There
is
no
such
thing
as
agreed
standard
about
raising
a
child,
so
I
think
it
will
be
very
difficult
to
get
everyone
to
agree.
I
think
parents
should
love
their
child
and
give
him
or
her
the
best
education,
but
at
the
same
time,
they
should
punish
the
child
properly
if
he
or
she
deserves
it.
The
parent’s
goal
is
to
have
a
good
man
or
woman
in
society
in
the
future,
so
sometimes
you
should
do
what
is
necessary
to
get
your
child
to
behave
well.
【答案】People
have
mixed
opinions
towards
punishment
to
children.
There
are
mainly
physical
and
emotional
punishment.
As
a
matter
of
fact,
it
is
difficult
to
find
the
agreed
standard
to
raise
a
child.
Proper
punishment
can
be
instructive
and
necessary
to
children
while
love
and
education
are
the
most
important
for
us
to
make
our
kids
behave
well.
阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
While
contact
between
adolescents
(between
the
ages
of
fifteen
and
nineteen)
and
their
peers
(同龄人)
is
a
universal
characteristic
of
all
cultures,
the
nature
and
the
degree
of
such
contact
vary
a
great
deal.
In
American
contemporary
society,
adolescents
spend
much
more
time
with
their
peers
than
with
younger
children
or
adults.
This
pattern
of
age
segregation
(隔离)
in
American
society
did
not
become
usual
until
the
beginning
of
the
industrialized
society.
Changes
in
the
workplace
separated
children
from
adults,
with
adults
working
and
children
attending
school.
The
dramatic
increase
of
mothers
in
the
workplace
has
further
contributed
to
the
reduction
in
the
amount
of
time
adolescents
spend
with
adults.
School
reform
efforts
during
the
nineteenth
century,
which
resulted
in
age-segregated
schools
and
grades,
have
reduced
the
amount
of
time
adolescents
spend
with
younger
children.
Finally,
the
changes
in
population
are
considered
a
factor
that
may
have
contributed
to
the
emergence
of
adolescent
peer
culture.
From
1955
to
1975，the
adolescent
population
increased
dramatically,
from
11
percent
to
20.9
percent.
This
increase
in
the
number
of
adolescents
might
be
a
contributing
factor
to
the
increase
in
adolescent
peer
culture
in
terms
of
growth
in
size
as
well
as
in
terms
of
its
impact
on
society’s
other
cultures
(adults,
younger
children)．
Research
supports
the
view
that
adolescents
spend
a
great
deal
of
time
with
their
peers.
Reed
Larson
and
his
colleagues
examined
adolescents’
daily
activities
and
found
that
they
spend
more
time
talking
to
their
friends
than
engaging
in
any
other
activity.
In
a
typical
week，high
school
students
will
spend
twice
as
much
time
with
their
peers
as
with
adults.
This
gradual
withdrawal
from
adults
begins
in
early
adolescence.
In
sixth
grade,
adults
(excluding
parents)
account
for
only
25
percent
of
adolescent
social
networks.
Another
important
characteristic
of
adolescent
peer
culture
is
its
increasingly
autonomous
(自治的)
function.
While
childhood
peer
groups
are
conducted
under
the
close
supervision
of
parents，adolescent
peer
groups
typically
make
an
effort
to
escape
adult
supervision
and
usually
succeed
in
doing
so.
【答案】Adolescent
peer
culture
is
a
universal
phenomenon
and
for
American
adolescents
more
time
is
spent
with
peers
than
with
younger
children
or
adults.
Firstly,
changes
in
workplace
reduce
the
amount
of
time
adolescents
spend
with
their
parents.
School
reforms
also
result
in
less
time
spent
with
younger
children.
Additionally,
the
increase
in
adolescent
population
is
another
contributing
factor.
A
research
shows
adolescents’
gradual
separation
from
adults
starts
in
their
early
teens
when
they
manage
to
escape
adult
supervision.
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
As
a
natural
emotion
that
everyone
experiences
in
life，anger
is
in
many
cases
a
perfectly
healthy
emotion.
Anger
can
motivate
(激发)
people
to
make
very
positive
changes
in
their
lives.
Sometimes
we
have
to
be
angry
at
injustice
(不公正),
or
even
at
nature,before
we
can
do
what
needs
to
be
done
to
correct
wrongs
or
make
things
better.
But
of
course,
that
is
not
what
we
usually
think
of
anger.
Most
people
think
of
anger
as
an
emotion
we
must
keep
under
control.
Parents
tell
a
child
to
“get
control”
of
himself
when
the
child
shows
anger.
Children
are
sometimes
sent
to
their
rooms
or
punished
for
expressing
anger
in
an
extreme
way.
We
may
be
angry
with
friends
or
at
work,
but
we
know
it
is
usually
not
suitable
to
show
it.
We
have
to
control
the
anger
or
suffer
what
may
be
the
negative
consequences.
Very
early
in
life,
we
learn
that
anger
is
something
that
must
be
controlled.
We
learn
this
for
a
good
reason.
We
know
that
uncontrolled
anger
can
lead
to
fights,
car
accidents,
bad
relationships
with
others,
unacceptable
social
behavior,
and
many
other
problems.
Many
experts
say
that
if
one
holds
his
anger
in,
it
can
even
lead
to
severe
mental
and
physical
health
problems.
So
what
can
we
do
to
understand
and
calm
this
natural
emotion
that
we
call
anger?
Experts
offer
many
solutions
to
harmful
anger.
Some
of
these
solutions
include
expressing
your
feelings
and
talking
about
what
has
caused
the
anger
with
someone
you
trust,
avoiding
a
situation
that
causes
anger,
beating
a
pillow,
exercising
more
and
many
other
methods.
Whatever
solution
one
chooses,
it
is
good
to
know
that
by
trying
to
find
the
solution
to
the
problem
of
anger,
the
first
step
in
the
right
direction
to
solving
the
anger
problem
has
been
taken.
【答案】Anger,
as
a
natural
emotion，is
good
for
us.
It
can
inspire
us
to
make
positive
changes
in
our
lives.
And
most
people
agree
that
we
must
keep
anger
under
control.
However,
experts
think
holding
back
anger
is
harmful
to
our
health.
Therefore,
some
solutions
should
be
taken
to
deal
with
anger.
For
example,
we
can
talk
with
friends,
beat
a
pillow
or
take
some
exercise.
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting
up
early
has
been
regarded
as
a
good
habit
since
ancient
times.
Many
years
ago,
people
thought
that
if
we
went
to
bed
early
and
got
up
early,
we
would
be
energetic
the
whole
day.
So,
getting
up
early
is
of
great
importance
to
us
all.
In
fact，morning
is
the
best
time
of
a
day.
In
the
morning，the
air
is
the
freshest
and
people
are
usually
in
the
best
condition.
Many
of
us
may
have
the
experiences
that
we
memorize
some
things
more
quickly
and
correctly
in
the
morning
than
any
other
time
of
the
day.
And
it
is
certain
that
we
find
it
easier
to
understand
what
we
learn.
If
we
get
up
early
and
do
some
morning
exercises
or
only
take
a
short
walk
in
the
morning,
without
doubt
we
can
build
up
our
bodies
and
become
much
healthier.
Also
we
will
have
enough
time
to
make
a
plan
and
get
ready
for
our
work
or
study
of
the
day
if
we
get
up
early.
For
example,
if
everyone
in
the
family
gets
up
early,
wife
will
have
enough
time
to
prepare
the
breakfast
for
the
whole
family.
Children
will
have
enough
time
to
catch
the
school
bus,
and
husband
will
never
forget
to
change
his
dirty
shirt.
Everything
is
in
order.
However,
if
we
get
up
late,
we’ll
probably
have
to
do
everything
in
a
hurry.
Let
us
remember
getting
up
early
is
a
good
habit
and
try
our
best
to
keep
it.
Late
risers
may
find
it
difficult
to
form
the
habit
of
getting
up
early.
They
have
to
make
an
effort
to
do
so.
If
we
stick
to
getting
up
early
every
day,
we
will
certainly
benefit
a
lot
from
it.
【答案】Getting
up
early
in
the
morning
is
a
good
habit
that
will
benefit
us
a
lot.
First，it
helps
us
in
our
studies
because
in
the
morning
we
can
remember
things
quickly
and
correctly.
Second，we
can
become
healthier
and
healthier
by
breathing
fresh
air
and
doing
exercises
early
in
the
morning.
Third，it
enables
us
to
make
a
better
preparation
for
the
day.
Getting
up
early
is
a
good
habit
and
we
should
try
our
best
to
keep
it.
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Online
schools
are
becoming
very
popular
today.
Whether
it
is
working
professionals
who
cannot
afford
the
time
to
go
to
a
full?time
college
because
of
their
huge
workload
or
stay?at?home
moms
who
have
many
duties
and
cannot
join
in
a
college,
online
schools
are
much
enjoyed
at
all.
And
now,
even
regular
students,
who
have
the
time
to
go
to
college,
are
going
in
for
online
education,
as
it
leaves
them
with
enough
time
to
pursue
(追求)
other
things,
such
as
a
part?time
job
or
a
hobby,
along
with
studying.
However,
as
with
everything,
there
are
both
advantages
and
disadvantages
to
online
schooling.
Let’s
start
with
the
positives.
These
schools
cost
much
less.
You
don’t
have
to
spend
on
buying
books
or
traveling.
Another
advantage
is
flexibility
it
provides.
You
can
study
at
any
time
during
the
day.
You
can
study
wherever
you
want—in
your
house,
at
a
cafe
or
even
in
a
park.
Moving
on
to
the
disadvantage
of
school
online.
Those
students
who
always
need
a
push
from
their
teachers
to
do
well,
are
very
likely
not
to
do
well
in
online
schools.
And
the
greatest
disadvantage
of
going
to
school
online:
there
are
many
employers
who
prefer
students
with
a
traditional
degree
over
those
who
have
an
online
degree.
The
employers
feel
that
students
who
go
to
full?time
colleges
are
more
knowledgeable
compared
to
those
who
have
online
degrees.
Since
the
very
purpose
of
an
education
is
to
land
a
person
a
good
job,
online
degrees,
many
a
time,
do
not
serve
this
purpose.
No
doubt
that
online
schools
offer
the
freedom
which
no
regular
college
can
provide.
However，how
much
the
employers
will
value
the
degrees
and
whether
a
student
can
actually
make
his
own
study
schedule
and
most
importantly,
stick
to
it,
depends
upon
individual
(个人)
to
individual.
So
in
the
end,
it
can
be
rightly
said，online
schools
are
good
for
some,
while
others
should
give
them
a
skip.
【答案】
Nowadays
online
schools
are
enjoying
great
popularity
because
of
their
low
cost
and
the
freedom
regular
schools
can’t
provide.
However,
online
schooling
has
its
own
disadvantages.
It
is
likely
that
those
who
need
others
to
press
them
to
study
won’t
behave
well
in
online
schools.
Besides,
many
employers
don’t
value
online
degrees.
So
online
education
is
not
suitable
for
everyone.概要写作：考情分析及真题训练
一、考纲摘录
概要写作：满分25分。提供一篇350词左右的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
(3)上下文的连贯性;
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
二、考情表解
短文特点
卷别
长度
体裁
?
?
?
?
?
主题
类型
2019.
6
369
议论文
父母如何恰当表扬孩子。
概要
2018.
11
358
说明文
在申请大学前，最好亲自提前了解大学相关信息。
概要
考试说明
样卷
398
议论文
在历史发展过程中，人们对于灰尘的看法在不断地发生变化。
概要
命题揭秘
概要写作
要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要，写出文章的中心大意。所提供短文词数在350左右；所选材料体裁没有限制，以议论文、说明文为主。
1.简洁性：即用尽量少的语言对较长原文的简洁重述；
2.自主性：即用自己的话语进行概写，避免对原文进行抄袭照搬；
3.理解性：即表现作者对原文本的精准理解。需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I
believe”,
“I
think”等字句；
4.忠实性：即概写内容和中心思想必须忠于原文主旨，不可偏离主题、肆意篡改；
5.连贯性：概要写作并非简单罗列要点，各个要点之间要有恰当衔接，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
评分标准
（1）评分原则
1.
本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2.
评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.
词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
4.
评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
(1)
对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
(2)
应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
(3)
上下文的连贯性；
(4)
对各要点表达的独立性情况。
5.
拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6.
如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
（2）各档次的给分范围和要求
档次
?
?
?
?描述
第五档
(21—25)
—理解准确，涵盖全部要点。
—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
—完全使用自己的语言。
第四档
(16—20)
—理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点。
—使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。
—比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
—有个别整句抄自原文。
第三档?
(11—15)
—理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点。
—所使用的语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但不影响意义表达。
—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使上下文内容连贯。
—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。
第二档?
(6—10)
—理解有误差，仅涵盖半数要点。
—有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。
—较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。
—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。
第一档?
(1—5)
—没有理解原文，造成概要内容与原文主题不符。
—有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。
—缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。
—多个句子抄自原文。
0
白卷、内容太少无法判断或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
真题及样题
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
?(2019年6月浙江卷)?
Parents
everywhere
praise
their
kids.
Jenn
Berman,
author
of
The
A
to
Z
Guide
to
Raising
Happy
and
Confident
Kids,
says,
“We’ve
gone
to
the
opposite
extreme
of
a
few
decades
ago
when
parents
tended
to
be
more
strict.”
By
giving
kids
a
lot
of
praise,
parents
think
they’re
building
their
children’s
confidence,
when,
in
fact,
it
may
be
just
the
opposite.
Too
much
praise
can
backfire
and,
when
given
in
a
way
that’s
insincere,
make
kids
afraid
to
try
new
things
or
take
a
risk
for
fear
of
not
being
able
to
stay
on
top
where
their
parents’
praise
has
put
them.
?
?
Still,
don’t
go
too
far
in
the
other
direction.
Not
giving
enough
praise
can
be
just
as
damaging
as
giving
too
much.
Kids
will
feel
like
they’re
not
good
enough
or
that
you
don’t
care
and,
as
a
result,
may
see
no
point
in
trying
hard
for
their
accomplishments.
?
?
So
what
is
the
right
amount
of
praise?
Experts
say
that
the
quality
of
praise
is
more
important
than
the
quantity.
If
praise
is
sincere
and
focused
on
the
effort
not
the
outcome,
you
can
give
it
as
often
as
your
child
does
something
that
deserves
a
verbal
reward.
“We
should
especially
recognize
our
children’s
efforts
to
push
themselves
and
work
hard
to
achieve
a
goal,”
says
Donahue,
author
of
Parenting
Without
Fear:
Letting
Go
of
Worry
and
Focusing
on
What
Really
Matters.
“One
thing
to
remember
is
that
it’s
the
process
not
the
end
product
that
matters.”
?
?
?
Your
son
may
not
be
the
best
basketball
player
on
his
team.
But
if
he’s
out
there
every
day
and
playing
hard,
you
should
praise
his
effort
regardless
of
whether
his
team
wins
or
loses.
Praising
the
effort
and
not
the
outcome
can
also
mean
recognizing
your
child
when
she
has
worked
hard
to
clean
the
yard,
cook
dinner,
or
finish
a
book
report.
But
whatever
it
is,
praise
should
be
given
on
a
case-by-case
basis
and
be
proportionate
(相称的)
to
the
amount
of
effort
your
child
has
put
into
it.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One
possible
version:?
?
?
?
Praising
can
build
up
children’s
confident,
while
too
much
praise
may
have
opposite
effects
on
children.
(要点1)
Besides,
less
praise
also
does
harm
to
kids’
development.
(要点2)
To
gain
the
best
result,
our
praise
should
be
sincere
and
focus
on
the
process
instead
of
the
end
product.
(要点3)
In
a
word,
praise
should
be
in
line
with
facts
and
match
the
children’s
efforts.
(要点4)
??(2018年11月浙江卷)?
It’s
a
really
good
idea
to
visit
colleges
before
you
apply
because
their
websites
can
all
start
to
look
and
sound
the
same.
Nothing
will
give
you
the
sense
of
what
it
will
actually
be
like
to
live
on
a
college
campus
(校园)
like
visiting
and
seeing
for
yourself
the
dorms,
classrooms
and
athletic
equipment
and,
of
course,
the
students.
It
seems
a
little
crazy
once
senior
year
hits
to
find
the
time
to
visit
college
campuses,
and
it
can
also
be
pricey
if
the
schools
you
are
applying
to
happen
to
be
more
than
a
car
ride
away.
But
keep
in
mind
that
you
are
making
a
decision
about
the
next
four
years
of
your
life,
and
do
all
the
research
you
can
to
make
sure
you
are
making
the
right
one.
There’s
no
excuse
not
to
visit
the
schools
in
your
local
area.
In
fact,
a
lot
of
college
applications
even
ask
if
you
have
visited
campus,
and
obviously,
if
you
live
across
the
country
that
won’t
be
as
much
of
a
possibility,
but
if
you
live
nearby,
go
check
it
out!
?
?
?
If
campus
visits
aren’t
going
to
happen
before
you
apply,
at
the
very
least
you
should
find
some
time
between
applying
and
getting
your
acceptance
letters
to
visit
the
schools
you’d
like
to
attend.
It
can
save
you
a
lot
of
heartache
if
you
rule
out
the
things
that
you
don’t
like
about
certain
campuses,
things
that
you
wouldn’t
know
unless
you
actually
visit.
?
?
?
Now,
if
time
and
money
are
making
it
impossible,
then
check
out
the
online
college
fairs
at
College
Week
Live.
It’s
a
chance
to
chat
online
with
admissions
officers,
students,
and
college
counselors
(顾问),
and
it
won’t
cost
you
a
penny!
You
can
register
for
its
online
college
fair
at
College
Week
Live.com.
While
visiting
an
online
college
fair
can’t
take
the
place
of
an
actual
campus
visit,
it
can
be
a
very
useful
tool
that
along
with
all
your
other
research
will
help
you
make
an
informed
decision
about
which
colleges
or
universities
you’d
like
to
attend.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One
possible
version:?
?
?
?
It
is
a
wise
choice
for
you
to
pay
a
visit
to
your
desired
colleges
personally
before
applying.
(要点1)
In
order
to
avoid
being
regretful,
you
should
at
least
visit
the
college
you
decided
to
attend
in
advance.
(要点2)
For
students
who
are
short
of
money
and
time,
it
will
be
helpful
to
search
the
online
college
fairs
at
College
Week
Live
where
you
can
get
the
necessary
information.
(要点3)
(实验省份考试说明样题)?
Getting
rid
of
dirt,
in
the
opinion
of
most
people,
is
a
good
thing.
However,
there
is
nothing
fixed
about
attitudes
to
dirt.
In
the
early
16th
century,
people
thought
that
dirt
on
the
skin
was
a
means
to
block
out
disease,
as
medical
opinion
had
it
that
washing
off
dirt
with
hot
water
could
open
up
the
skin
and
let
ills
in.
A
particular
danger
was
thought
to
lie
in
public
baths.
By1538,
the
French
king
had
closed
the
bath
houses
in
his
kingdom.
So
did
the
king
of
England
in
1546.
Thus
began
a
long
time
when
the
rich
and
the
poor
in
Europe
lived
with
dirt
in
a
friendly
way.
Henry
IV,
King
of
France,
was
famously
dirty.
Upon
learning
that
a
nobleman
had
taken
a
bath,
the
king
ordered
that,
to
avoid
the
attack
of
disease,
the
nobleman
should
not
go
out.
?
?
?
Though
the
belief
in
the
merit
(好处)
of
dirt
was
long-lived,
dirt
has
no
longer
been
regarded
as
a
nice
neighbor
ever
since
the
18
century.
Scientifically
speaking,
cleaning
away
dirt
is
good
to
health.
Clean
water
supply
and
hand
washing
are
practical
means
of
preventing
disease.
Yet,
it
seems
that
standards
of
cleanliness
have
moved
beyond
science
since
World
War
II.
Advertisements
repeatedly
sell
the
idea:
clothes
need
to
be
whiter
than
white,
cloths
ever
softer,
surfaces
to
shine.
Has
the
hate
for
dirt,
however,
gone
too
far?
?
?
Attitudes
to
dirt
still
differ
hugely
nowadays.
Many
first-time
parents
nervously
try
to
warn
their
children
off
touching
dirt,
which
might
be
responsible
for
the
spread
of
disease.
On
the
contrary,
Mary
Ruebush,
an
American
immunologist
(免疫学家),
encourages
children
to
play
in
the
dirt
to
build
up
a
strong
immune
system.
And
the
latter
(后者)
position
is
gaining
some
ground.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One
possible
version
1:
?
?
?
People
have
mixed
opinions
towards
dirt
on
our
skin.
(要点1)
For
a
long
time
in
history,
people
of
some
European
countries,
such
as
France,
believed
that
dirt
protected
people
from
getting
ill.
(要点2)
However,
people
began
to
change
their
attitudes
to
dirt
about
200
years
ago.
People
have
been
told
that
washing
dirt
off
our
body
can
keep
us
healthy.
(要点
3)
However,
some
scientists
believe
that
exposure
to
some
dirt
may
help
our
immune
system.
(要点
4)
浙江省英语教研员葛炳芳老师在关于新高考读后续写和概要写作的指导性讲座中，分享了自己写的样题的概要范文：
One
possible
version
2:
Attitudes
towards
dirt
have
been
changing
over
time.
In
the
16th
century,
people
believed
that
dirt
on
the
skin
helped
protect
against
disease.
Since
the
18th
century,
however,
people
have
developed
the
belief
that
cleaning
away
dirt
can
prevent
disease.
Today,
although
attitudes
to
dirt
still
differ
sharply,
more
and
more
people
choose
to
believe
that
playing
in
the
dirt
can
help
build
up
a
strong
immune.
(60
words)
对照上述评分原则，可以发现此范文：
精确地表达了文本所有4个要点，并且对文本的内容进行了归纳、提炼和整合；
准确地使用了相应的语法结构和词汇，例如在表达“持有某种观点”这一意思的时候，选用了三个不同的表达方法“believe”，“develop
the
belief”，“choose
to
believe”，避免了重复；（3）上下文之间用了恰当的连接词“however”，“although”等，使行文紧凑浑然一体；
（4）对文中的要点运用语义转换，完全使用自己的语言来表达；例如要点1用Attitudes
towards
dirt
have
been
changing代替原文第一段的第二句话there
is
nothing
fixed
about
attitudes
to
dirt；要点2用protect
against
disease
代替
block
out
against；要点3中用prevent
disease代替
is
good
for
health；要点4用
today代替nowadays，用
sharply代替hugely，用more
and
more
people
choose
to
believe
代替
gaining
some
ground；
（5）全文60词，非常符合词数要求。
