人教版高中英语必修一 Unit 4-Earthquakes 定语从句(共60张PPT)

(共60张PPT)
语法知识
定语从句
Grammar
修饰名词和代词的成分
1.定语:
a
beautiful
girl
a
handsome
boy
beautiful
handsome
定语从句：
修饰名词和代词的从句
This
is
the
best
film
that
I
have
seen.
定语从句
the
best
film
先行词
that
关系词
一
定义
This
is
a
basket
full
of
flowers.
full
of
flowers
The
team
won
the
game
finally.
who
were
wearing
green
the
Attributive
Clause
定语从句
the
relative
关系代词
the
antecedent
先行词
(单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。）
2、定语从句中关系词及其作用
Relative
Pronouns:
Relative
Adverbs:
that,which,
who,
whom,
whose,
as
when,
where,
why
I’ll
never
forget
the
days
we
spent
together.
关系词的作用：
1、指代作用：指代先行词；
2、连接作用：连接主从句；
3、成分作用：在从句中充当
。
which
一定的成分
一定的成分
类别
意义
功能
形式
关系词
限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句
起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。
起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。
修饰先行词
修饰先行词
/
整个句子
无逗号隔开
有逗号与主句隔开
有that
无that
三
限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别
作宾语时可以省略
Who可以代替whom
Who不能代替whom
1.The
man
who
came
to
our
school
is
Mr.
Wang.
2.The
girl
(whom)
I
met
is
Lucy.
4.I
like
the
book
(which)
you
bought
yesterday.
3.A
child
whose
parents
are
dead
is
called
Tom.
主语
宾语
定语
6.
I
like
the
person
to
whom
you
just
talked.
5.
China
is
not
the
country
that
it
used
to
be.
介宾
表语
宾语
关系代词在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。
7.
He
is
such
a
nice
person
as
is
popular.
主语
This
is
the
house
where
I
lived
two
years
ago.
Do
you
know
the
reason
why
she
was
late.
I’ll
never
forget
the
day
when
I
joined
the
league.
on
which
in
which
for
which
关系副词在从句中做状语，此时相当于“介词+which”。
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
Returning
from
the
holiday,
my
classmates
are
talking
excitedly
about
the
places
____________
they
paid
a
visit.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
where
D.
to
which
找
出先行词
代之入从句
(补充)使完整
替入关系词
具体步骤:
the
places
to
which
三、定语从句中关系词的选择
[定人要用
who(主)whom
(宾);
定物which当先行;定人定物that行;介词后that行不通.]
Is
this
the
factory
_________you
visited
last
year?
A.
that
B.
where
C.
in
which
D.
the
one
(that/which)
Is
this
factory
________
you
visited
last
year?
(the
one)
三、关系代词的基本用法
1).
The
girl
____spoke
to
me
just
now
is
my
classmate.
The
film
____we
saw
yesterday
is
interesting.
that
(that)
that
人或物
主语
宾语
表语
不引导非限制性定语从句，不位于介词后,作宾语时常可省略。
2）
a)
这是
我们去年参观的
工厂。
（
）
①This
is
the
factory.
②We
visited
it
last
year.
This
is
the
factory
which
/
that
we
visited
last
year.
可以省略
说明：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
which
指物
主语或
宾语（可省略)
在介词后不可省略
b)
这是
去年建造的
工厂。
（
）
①This
is
the
factory.
②It
was
built
last
year.
This
is
the
factory
which
/
that
was
built
last
year.
不可以省略
§Mrs.
Clark
is
angry
with
the
goat.
The
goat
is
eating
her
flowers.
Mrs.
Clark
is
angry
with
the
goat
which/that
is
eating
her
flowers.
§Can
you
lend
me
the
book?
You
talked
about
it
last
night.
Can
you
lend
me
the
book
(which/that)
you
talked
about
last
night.
或
Can
you
lend
me
the
book
about
which
you
talked
last
night?
§Do
you
find
the
pen?
I
wrote
with
it
just
now.
Do
you
find
the
pen
(which/that)
I
wrote
with
just
now?
Do
you
find
the
pen
with
which
I
wrote
just
now?
★which
指物，作主语或宾语
(作宾语可省略,
如介词提前则不能省)
★介词提前时只能用which
而不能用
that
3)who
指人
作主语/宾语（可省略）
介词在前不可使用
4)whom
指人
宾语（可省略）
介词后不可省略
boy
the
handsome
the
tall
the
strong
the
clever
The
boy
is
Tom.
The
boy
who
is
handsome
is
Tom.
The
boy
who
is
tall
is
Tom.
The
boy
who
is
strong
is
Tom.
The
boy
who
is
clever
is
Tom
a)
他就是
我昨天见到的
那个人。
①He
is
the
man.
②I
saw
him
yesterday.
He
is
the
man
(whom/who/that
)I
saw
yesterday.
b)
你认识
站在那边的
那个人吗？
①Do
you
know
the
man?
②He
is
standing
over
there.
Do
you
know
the
man
who/that
is
standing
over
there?
（
）
（
）
§The
woman
got
the
job.
The
woman
can
speak
German.
The
woman
who/that
can
speak
German
got
the
job.
§The
man
is
kind.
Everyone
likes
him.
The
man
(whom/who/that)
everyone
likes
is
kind.
(宾语)
§The
woman
got
the
job.
We
saw
her
on
the
street.
The
woman
(whom/who/that)
we
saw
on
the
street
got
the
job.
The
scientist
is
very
famous
in
the
world.
We
met
her
yesterday.
▲The
scientist
(that
/who/whom)
we
met
yesterday
is
very
famous
in
the
world.
5）whose
既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作定语。
例如：
a)
小明，他的父亲是工程师，是我们班级里最好的学生。
（
）
①Xiao
Ming
is
the
best
student
in
our
class.
②His
father
is
an
engineer.
Xiao
Ming
whose
father
is
an
engineer
is
the
best
student
in
our
class.
This
is
the
woman
scientist
_______name
is
known
all
over
the
country.
He
lives
in
a
room
______window
faces
north.
whose
通常可用“the
+n.+of
whom(指人)；the+n.+of
which/of
which
the
+n.”替换，以上两句可以分别替换成：
This
is
the
woman
scientist
_______________is
known
all
over
the
country.
He
lives
in
a
room,
___________________faces
north.
He
lives
in
a
room,
___________________faces
north.
whose
whose
the
name
of
whom
the
window
of
which
of
which
the
window
Practice:
1.
The
factory
__________
owner
is
from
Shanghai
is
very
big.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
whose
D.
of
which
2.
The
boss
______________
department
Ms
King
worked
ten
years
ago
looked
down
upon
women.
in
which　　　　
B.
in
that　　　　　
C.
in
whose　　　　
D.
whose
the
boss
’s
’s
the
factory
whose
whose
in
3.
This
is
the
house
___________
the
window
was
broken
yesterday
evening.
A.
of
which
B.
to
which
C.
whose
D.
in
which
the
house
of
which
6).as的用法:可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句：
当先行词被as,so,such,the
same修饰时,用as引导限制性定语从句
This
is
as
good
a
place
as
I
can
find.
I’ve
never
heard
such
stories
as
he
tells
.
as
引导非限代替整个主句内容,放于主句前后均可。
As
we
all
know,
the
earth
is
round.
As
was
reported,
they
failed
in
sending
up
the
satellite.
1.
The
sun
heats
the
earth,
______
is
very
important
to
us.
2.
He
failed
in
the
exam,
_____
was
expected.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
which
D.
it
E.
B
&
C
当先行词为主句时，关系词用which或as，它们的区别在于，as含有“正如”的意思。
The
Attributive
clauses
caused
by
“as"
C
B
3.
I
want
to
buy
the
same
pen
_____
you
are
using.
4.
This
is
the
same
bicycle
____
I
have
lost.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
which
D.
it
E.
A
&
B
“the
same…as…”
引导的定语从句表示从句所指的物品与先行词所指的物品为同一类事物，即同一个款式的，或同一个牌子等。
“the
same…that…”引导的定语从句表示从句所指的物品与先行词所指的物品为同一事物。
B
E
5.
This
is
_____
stone
_____
no
one
can
lift
it.
6.
This
is
_____
stone
_____
no
one
can
lift.
A.
so
heavy
a,
that
B.
so
a
heavy,
as
C.
such
a
heavy,
as
D.
such
heavy
a,
that
“so\such…that….”引导的是结果状语从句，从句的成分是完整的，也就是说that只起连接作用。
“so\such…
as…”引导的是定语从句，从句的成分是不完整的，也就是说as代替先行词在从句中充当成分。
A
C
关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：
（1）whom,
which作介词宾语时，介词一般可以放在它们的前面，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，但是含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词应该放在原来的位置上。
{
There
is
a
room
in
which
you
can
study.
which
you
study
in.
Rose
is
the
student
whom
you
should
look
after/take
care
of.
(2).
为以下情况时，只用that,不用which
1.先行词为不定代词
all,
none,
few,
little,
much,
something,
anything,
nothing,
everything，
etc。
2.先行词被all,
each,
few,
little,
much,
some,
any,
no,
every,等修饰时。
3.
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。
e.g.
Finally,
the
thief
handed
everything
(that)
he
had
stolen.
e.g.
I
have
read
all
the
books
(that)
you
gave
me.
e.g.
This
is
the
best
book
(that)
I’ve
ever
read.
5.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。
e.g.
We
talked
about
the
things
and
persons
that
we
saw
then.
4.
先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
same,
the
last,
the
next修饰时，用that。
6.
在以which,
who开头的的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复，用that.
e.g.
He
is
the
only
person
that
I
want
to
see
now.
e.g.
Which
of
the
books
that
are
borrowed
from
the
library
is
yours?
e.g.
Who
was
the
man
(that)
she
danced
with?
1.This
is
all
____
I
know
about
the
matter.
A.that
B.what
C.who
D.whether
2.Is
there
anything
else
____
you
want?
A.which
B.that
C.who
D.what
3.The
last
place
_____
we
visited
was
the
Great
Wall.
A.which
B.that
C.where
D.it
A
B
B
4.He
talked
happily
about
the
men
and
books
_____
interested
him
greatly
in
the
school.
A.which
B.that
C.it
D.whom
5.There
is
no
dictionary
_____
you
can
find
everything.
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.in
that
6.This
is
one
of
the
best
books
___.
A.that
have
ever
been
written
B.that
has
ever
been
written
C.that
has
written
D.that
have
written
B
A
A
7.He
wrote
a
letter
to
me,
telling
me
everything
____
he
saw
on
the
way
to
the
Paris.
A.what
B.that
C.which
D.where
8.Is
oxygen（氧气）
the
only
gas
_____
helps
fire
burn?
A.that
B.
/
C.which
D.it
9.Is
there
anything
_____
to
you?
A.that
is
belonged
B.that
belongs
C.which
belongs
D.that
belong
B
A
B
(3).只用which不用that的情况
①先行词在非限制性定语从句中充
当主语或宾语。
His
money
was
stolen
by
a
thief,
which
made
him
very
sad.
②.当关系代词前有介词。
This
is
the
factory
in
which
my
mother
works.
③.当先行词本身是that时。
What’s
that
which
flashed
in
the
sky
just
now.
(4).关系代词who,which,
that,在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须必须和先行词保持一致。
Anyone
who
__
over
20
can
join
the
army.
I
,who
____
your
friend
,
will
help
you.
is
am
The
usage
of
the
relative
pronoun
关系代词
指代
在定语从句中所充当的成分
人
物
句子
主语
宾语
定语
who
whom
which
that
whose
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点
或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
The
usage
of
the
relative
adverb
关系副词
指代
所充当的句子成分
when
where
why
time
place
reason
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
a)
我仍然记得我参军的那一天。
①I
still
remember
the
day.
②On
that
day
I
joined
the
army
I
still
remember
the
day
when
I
joined
the
army.
或
I
still
remember
the
day
on
which
I
joined
the
army.
b)
这就是
我们去年住的
房屋。
（
）
①This
is
the
house.
②We
lived
in
it
last
year.
This
is
the
house
where
we
lived
last
year.
或
This
is
the
house
in
which
we
lived
last
year.
或
This
is
the
house
which
we
lived
in
last
year.
c)
你知道
他迟到的
原因吗？
（
）
①Do
you
know
the
reason?
②He
was
late
for
that
reason.
Do
you
know
the
reason
why
he
was
late?
或
Do
you
know
the
reason
for
which
he
was
late?
2）当先行词是指时间、地点或原因时，并非就用when,
where,
why
来引导定语从句。
例如：
这是我们去年参观的地方。
······①
这是我们去年工作的地方。
······②
a)
vt.
vi.
①This
is
the
place
which
/
that
we
visited
last
year.
②This
is
the
place
where
we
worked
last
year.
我仍然记得我入团的那一天。
我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。
b)
①I
still
remember
the
day
when
I
joined
the
League.
②I
still
remember
the
day
that
/
which
we
spent
together.
先行词
关
系
词
在
从
句
中
充
当
成
分
主
语
宾
语
（可省）
定
语
状
语
地
点
时
间
原
因
方
式
指
人
指
物
who,
that
which
,
that
,
as
whom
,
that
,
who
which
,
that
,
as
whose
,
of
whom
whose
,
(
prep.
+)
which
where
/
prep.
+
which
when
/
prep.
+
which
why
/
prep.
+
which
that
/
prep.
+
which
3、判断关系代词与关系副词
　
方法一：
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全
　
This
is
the
mountain
village
where
I
stayed
last
year.
这是我去年呆过的山村。
取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
I'll
never
forget
the
days
when
I
worked
together
with
you.
我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
　
方法二：
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的
成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
A.
where　B.
that　
C.
on
which
D.
the
one
例1.
Is
this
the
museum
_____
you
visited
a
few
days
ago?
例2.
Is
this
museum
_____
you
visited
a
few
days
ago?
A.
where　B.
that　
C.
on
which
D.
the
one
B
D
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句，关键是判断介词的选择，方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词（习惯搭配），再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断。
结论:
D.
固定短语不可拆
This
is
the
book
which
I’m
looking
for.
This
is
the
book
for
which
I’m
looking.
C.
the
way
做先行词时
I
don’t
like
the
way
__________
you
speak
to
her.
A.
/
B.
in
that
C.
which
D.
of
which
the
way
in
which
the
way
做先行词，在从句中做状语时，关系词可用in
which,
that,
或者省略。
Practice:
In
the
dark
street,
there
wasn’t
a
person
_____
whom
she
could
turn
for
help.
The
wolf
____
which
the
sheep
was
killed
was
shot.
Ours
is
a
beautiful
school,
_____
which
we
are
proud.
The
speed_______
which
you
drive
your
car
mustn’t
too
high.
the
wolf
by
of
a
beautiful
school
the
speed
at
His
bike
_____
which
he
went
to
work
was
stolen
last
night..
his
bike
on
a
person
to
1.His
parents
wouldn’t
let
him
marry
anyone
______
family
was
poor.
A.
of
whom
B.
whom　　　　
C.
of
whose　
D.
whose　　
D
2.In
the
dark
street,
there
wasn’t
a
single
person
_____
she
could
turn
for
help.
A.
that　　
B.
who　　　　
C.
from
whom　　
D.
to
whom　　　
D
定语从句练习
3.After
living
in
Pairs
for
fifty
years
he
returned
to
the
small
town
____
he
grew
up
as
a
child.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
that　
D.
when　
B
4.He
lived
in
London
for
3
months,
during
____
time
he
learned
some
English.
A.
this　　
B.
which
C.
that　　
D.
same
B
5.I
had
neither
a
raincoat
nor
an
umbrella.
_____
I
got
wet
through.
A.
It’s
the
reason
B.
That’s
why
C.
There’s
why
D.
It’s
how
B
6.I
don’t
like
_____
you
speak
to
her.
A.the
way
that
B.the
way
in
that
C.the
way
which
D.the
way
of
that
A
下面请看定语从句语法（二）
定语从句专项练习
1.The
scientist
and
his
achieve-
ments（成就）_____
you
told
me
about
are
admired
by
us
all.
A.which
B.that
C.who
D.whose
2.Which
of
the
books
_____
were
borrowed
from
him
is
the
best?
A.which
B.what
C.that
D.whose
B
C
3.Do
you
know
who
lives
in
the
building
_____
there
is
a
well?
A.in
front
of
it
B.
in
front
of
whose
C.in
front
of
which
D.in
front
which
4.I’ll
never
forget
the
day
____
I
joined
the
League.
A.
on
which
B.
in
which
C.
which
D.
at
which
5.The
woman
_____
my
brother
spoke
just
now
is
my
teacher.
A.who
B.to
whom
C.to
who
D.whom
C
A
B
4.Jeanne
was
her
old
friend,
____
she
borrowed
a
necklace.
A.
from
who
B.
from
whom
C.
to
that
D.
to
whom
5.His
glasses,
_____
he
was
like
a
blind
man（盲人）,
fell
to
the
ground
and
broke
its
leg.
A.
which
B.
with
which
C.
without
which
D.
that
B
C
6.She
is
a
teacher
of
much
know-
ledge,
_____
much
can
be
learned.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
from
which
D.
from
whom
7.He
built
a
telescope（望远镜）_____
he
could
study
the
skies.
A.
in
which
B.
with
that
C.
through
which
D.
by
it
8.Do
you
know
the
reason
____
he
was
late?
D.
for
which
A.
that
B.
which
C.
for
what
D
C
D
9.I
have
bought
two
ball-pens,
____
writes
well.
A.none
of
which
B.neither
of
which
C.none
of
them
D.neither
of
them
10.This
is
the
very
knife_____I
used
to
cut
apples
yesterday.
A.
that
B.
by
which
C.
which
D.
with
which
11.The
book,
_____
which
he
paid
6
yuan,
is
worth
reading.
B
A
for
①Is
this
the
factory
_____
you
visited
last
year?
②Is
this
factory
____
you
visited
last
year?
1.
a.
that
b.
where
c.
in
which
d.
the
one
2.
①All
____
I
need
is
a
good
rest.
②You
know
____
I
need
is
a
good
rest.
a.
what
b.
all
what
c.
that
d.
which
a
d
c
a
3.
①Mr
Smith
is
one
of
those
forei-
gners
who____
working
in
China.
②Mr
Smith
is
the
only
one
of
those
foreigners
who
____
work-
ing
in
China.
a.
is
b.
has
c.
have
d.
are
4.
①Pisa
is
a
city,
____
has
a
lean-
ing
tower.
②Pisa
is
a
city,
____
there
is
a
leaning
tower.
a.which
b.that
c.where
d.there
d
a
a
c
5.
①This
is
the
place
____
we
visit-
ed
last
year.
②This
the
place
____
we
worked
last
year.
a.
which
b.
where
c.
in
that
d.
there
6.
①The
news
________
he
told
us
was
very
exciting.
②He
told
us
the
news
____
our
team
had
won
the
game.
a.what
b.as
c.that
d.which
a
b
c
/
d
c