初中英语语法专题讲练动词时态(练习加答案）

初中英语语法 动词时态
知识讲解
一、一般现在时
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语： every, sometimes,　at, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.　骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
二、一般过去时
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth　 "到……时间了"　 "该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了"　 "早该……了"
It is time for you to go to bed.　　 It is time you went to bed.
would (had) rather sb. did sth.　表示'宁愿某人做某事'
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some.
比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else
I wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike
3）used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk.　 (过去常常散步)
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)
典型例题
---- Your phone number again I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't　　B. couldn't　C. don't　D. can't
三、现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find　　 B. is missing, don't find　C. has lost, haven't found　 D. is missing, haven't found.
四、过去进行时
1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
典型例题
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made　 B. is making　 C. was making　 D. makes
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
read； was falling　B. was reading； fell　C. was reading； was falling　D. read；fell
五、一般将来时
1)　shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening
2)　be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4)　be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5）be going to / will
用于条件句时， be going to　表将来 will　表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
6）be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.　　 (客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
六、*过去将来时
1）过去将来时表示从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在间接引语中。
In her letter,she said that she would come to Britain next year.
We asked him where we should go to work next week.
2)过去将来时的其他表达方式与一般将来时相同，只是有关动词要改为过去时形式。
He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.
I was about to leave the office when the telephone rang.
七、现在完成时
主动语态由have (has) +过去分词构成；被动语态由have (has) been+过去分词构成。
1）表示过去发生的对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。
现在完成时常与表示不定时间的状语，如never,ever,before,just,yet,so far,in recent years等，以及表示一段时间的状语，如since,for,during等连用。
The manager has just left.if only you had come a moment earlier.
表示过去开始并继续道现在的动作或情况。
常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如today,this morning,this month,recently,lately,in the past\last few years,since then,for a long time,so far等。
Where have you been this morning We were all anxious about you.
表示过去的一种经历，但不强调发生的动作，常与often,never,ever,only,twice,before,once等时间状语连用。
Have you ever seen any film like that.
I have only been to the Palace Museum once.
在时间、条件等从句中，代替将来完成时
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
You will feel better after you have rested a while.
5)现在完成时和连用的情况，在表示“第.......次做某事”时常用现在完成时。
It's the first time(that) she has driven a car.
It's the second time this has happened.
*过去完成时
概念：表示过去的过去----|-------|-----|---->
那时以前　那时 现在
其构成：主动语态had +过去分词构成；被动语态由had been+过去分词构成
2） 用法
a.　在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3)　过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
had written, left　B，were writing, has left　 C. had written, had left　D. were writing, had left
注意：　had no … when　　　　　还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than　　刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star It stars in ten minutes.
2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3）在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
用现在进行时表示将来
意为："意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
I'm leaving tomorrow.
Are you staying here till next week
比较过去时与现在完成时
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.
I have seen this film.
Why did you get up so early
She has returned from Paris.
She returned yesterday.
He has been in the League for three years.
He has been a League member for three years.
He joined the League three years ago.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（ ）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（ ）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
课后练习
1. — Where is Tom
— He hasn’t come to school today . I think he _______ be ill .
A. has to B. should C. may D. need
2. Let’s _______ a talk about learning Chinese .
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
3. There _______ some milk in the glass .
A. is B. are C. have D. has
4. Li Ping studied hard , _______ he
A. was B. did C. wasn’t D. didn’t
5. The bag is light . Wang Ping can _______ it by herself .
A. find B. watch C. carry D. learn
6. I want to be a doctor when I _______ .
A. grow up B. talk about C. agree with D. get up
7. It’s very hot here . You’d better _______ your coat .
A. put on B. get on C. take off D. put in
8. Both Kate and I _______ ready for the picnic now .
A. is not B. is getting C. are getting D. am getting
9. He _______ the bus and found a seat next to the window
A. gets on B. got on C. gets off D. got off
10. Please write to me as soon as you _______ Shanghai .
A. arrive B. reach C. got to D. come
( )11. “Where are the boys ” “They _____ soccer on the playground.”
A. play B. are playing C. were playing D. played
( )12. Look! Lucy _____ under the tree.
A. reads B. is reading C. was reading D. read
( )13. He _____ more than 200 model cars in the last five years.
A. has collected B. had collected C. collected D. will collect
( )14. Jim _____ a letter to his parents at 7:30 last night.
A. had written B. wrote C. would write D. was writing
( )15. The Smiths _____ in Beijing since two weeks ago.
A. stayed B. were staying C. would stay D. have stayed
( )16. “When _____ you _____ the bike ” “Last Monday.”
A. have; bought B. did; buy C. will; buy D. do; buy
( )17. Look! The boy _____English now.
A. likes B. liked C. is liking D. was liking
( )18. Most students in our class _____ TV twice a week.
A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. are watching
( )19. How soon _____ they _____ back from work
A. do; come B. did; come C. have; come D. will; come
( )20. “Where _____ you _____ Mr. Li ” “In his office, half an hour ago.”
A. will; see B. did; see C. have, seen D. do; see
( )21. I _____ a new dictionary. Look! It’s very useful.
A. bought B. will buy C. have bought D. would buy
( )22. I won’t watch the movie tonight. I _____ it before.
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. had seen
( )23. Hello! I _____ know you _____ in Chengdu. How long have you been here
A. didn’t; were B. don’t are C. didn’t; are D. don’t; were
( )24. He _____ a fire and then cooked a meal.
A. had made B. was making C. made D. has made
( )25. If I _____ time tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandfather.
A. have B. will have C. would have D. am having
1-5CDADC 6-10ACCBB 11-15BBADD 16-20BAADB 21-25ABDCA
一、用所给词的适当形式填空：
1．He______swimming in the river every day in summer. (go)
2.It________you are right. ( seem )
3.Look, the children______ basketball on the playground. ( play )
4.He______to the radio when I came in, ( listen )
5.It is very cold .I think it______ . ( rain )
6. —I need some paper . —I______ some for you . ( bring )
7.I can’t find my pen . Who______it ( take )
8.He said that he______back in five minutes . ( come )
9.I didn’t meet him. He______ when I got there. ( leave )
10.I______my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose )
11.He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )
12.He is very hungry. He_________ anything for three days. ( not eat )
13.I______with you if I have time . ( go )
14.We will go to the cinema if it______fine . (be )
15.I will tell her the news when she______to see me next week. (come)
16. “ When______you______the car ” “ In 1998 . ”( buy )
17.We______good friends since we met at school . （be）
18.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon (do)
19.The bike is nice . How much______it______ (cost)
二、选择最佳答案填空
（ ）1.We’ll go swimming if the weather______fine tomorrow.
A. is B.was C. will be D.is going to be
（ ）2.It______five years since he has left for Beijing.
A. was B. has been C.is D.is going to be
（ ）3.Please don’t leave the office until your friend______back.
A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come
（ ）4.By the end of last year he______about 1500 English words.
A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned
（ ）5.Listen ! Someone______in the next room .
A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried
（ ）6.You must tell him the news as soon as you______him.
A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing
（ ）7.He told me that he______to see us the next day.
A.comes B. came C. will come D. would come
（ ）8.We can’t find him anywhere . Perhaps he______home.
A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come
（ ）9.The teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth.
A. is B. was C. has been D.will be
（ ）10.Could you tell me where the railway station______
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
（ ）11.We______to the Great Wall several times.
A. go B. were going C. have gone D.have been
（ ）12.It seemed that the old man______for something over there.
A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked
（ ）13.He was sure that he______his wallet in the office .
A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left
（ ）14.You must study hard if you______ want to fail the exam.
A. won’t B. don’t C. haven’t D. hadn’t
（ ）15. —I’m afraid you can’t sit here . —Sorry , I______know.
A. don’t B. won’t C. can’t D. didn’t
（ ）16. As she______the newspaper , Granny______asleep.
A. read , was falling B. fell C. was reading , was falling D.read , fell
（ ）17. —Jim is not coming tonight . —But he______ !
A. promises（许诺） B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
（ ）18. —What’s her name —I______.
A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting
三、动词时态能力综合测试
（ ）1.He often______his clothes on Sundays.
A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash
（ ）2.I’m Chinese. Where______from
A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming
（ ）3.May______to school.
A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking
（ ）4.We will start as soon as our teacher______ .
A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming
（ ）5.How long ago______playing football
A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop
（ ）6.It______ hard when I left my house .
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain
（ ）7.I think this question______to answer.
A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy
（ ）8. Don’t talk so loudly . Your father______.
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept
（ ）9.How many people does the doctor know who______of the disease (疾病)？
A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies
（ ）10.I______my homework now.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished
（ ）11.He______for three years.
A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army
（ ）12.His grandfather______for thirty years.
A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died
（ ）13.I______ from my brother for a long time.
A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear
（ ）14.Maths, one of the most important subjects, ______always interested him.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
（ ）15.—Did your brother go to America last year —______.
A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone here
C. No , he never was there D. No , he’s never been there
（ ）16.He______ that factory since 1958.
A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to
C. have happened D. are taken place
（ ）17.Our teacher______to Beijing three times.
A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been
（ ）18.Last week John______his leg.
A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken
（ ）19.Jack______his thick coat because it was snowing.
A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on
（ ）20.He______the picture on the wall.
A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged
（ ）21.Next month______twenty five.
A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to be
（ ）22.You______her again in a few weeks.
A. will see B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seen
（ ）23. By the end of last term we______English for two years.
A. have studied B. have been studied C. would studied D. had studied
（ ）24.Mrs Brown______in New York for three years before she went to London.
A. lived B. had lived C. has lived D. will live
（ ）25.When we arrived , the dinner______.
A. already began B. has already begun C. had already begun D. was just begun
（ ）26.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I______ my exams.
A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished
（ ）27.When______, I’ll talk to him.
A. does Peter come B. Peter will come C. Peter comes D. can Peter come
（ ）28.My sister______to see me . She’ll be here soon.
A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came
（ ）29.They said they______our answer the next day .
A. had heard B. would hear of C. would hear D. will hear
（ ）30.The old man said that light______faster than sound.
A. went B. will go C. travels D. will travel
答案：
一、1. goes 2. seems 3. are playing 4. was listening 5. is raining 6. will bring 7. took 8. would come 9. has left 10.lost 11. sat 12. hasn't eaten 13. will go 14. is es 16. did buy 17. have been 18. were doing 19. does cost
二、1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A 16.A 17. B 18. A
三、1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. C
1. I’m looking for a babysitter （保姆） . She must be _______ too old _______ too young .
A. neither ; nor B. both ; and C. either ; or D. not only ; but also
2. Which is bigger , the sun _______ the moon
A. or B. and C. but D. So
3. Why not look up the new word in a dictionary _______ you don’t know it
A. if B. that C. though D. whether
4. _______ all the passengers are here , why don’t we start at once
A. As soon as B. After C. Now that D. When
5. He hurt her _______ badly _______ she had to see a doctor .
A. too ; that B. so ; that C. either ; or D. too ; to
6. Lucy has seen the film , _______ Lily hasn’t .
A. and B. or C. but D. so
7. Hurry up , _______ we will miss the trian .
A. but B. and C. or D. so
8. — I’m going to Hangzhou for a holiday this weekend .
— _______ you are there , can you buy me some green tea
A. Because B. While C. If D. Though
9. _______ he was out of the room , he turned back and knocked at the teacher’s door again .
A. Before B. Since C. As soon as D. Until
10. Study hard , _______ you’re sure to have a good result in the exam !
A. but B. and C. for D. or
11. I can’t understand this passage _______ there are no new words in it .
A. if B. because C. though D. And
12. — How do you like Beijing , Mr Black
— Oh , I _______ such a beautiful city .
A. don’t visit B. didn’t visit C. haven’t visited D. hadn’t visited
13. — Did Jack come for the meeting last night
— No . He was so tired that he soon _______ in his room .
A. fell behind B. fell off C. fell asleep D. fell over
14. — What do you _______ breakfast
— Fresh oranges , milk , bread and eggs .
A. cook with B. pay for C. have for D. think of
15. — Your name again I _______ quite catch it .
— Federico MacAdam .
A. didn’t B. don’t C. wouldn’t D. won’t
16. — Is Mrs. Green in
— I’m afraid she isn’t . Would you like to _______ a message
A. take B. call C. keep D. leave
17. If you finish reading my book , please _______ to me .
A. give it again B. give again it C. give back it D. give it back
18. This is an old photo of mine when I _______ .
A. have short hairs B. had short hairs C. have short hair D. had short hair
19. This shirt is so nice , but it _______ too much .
A. pays B. costs C. takes D. spends
20. — Can I _______ this book
— Yes , but you mustn’t _______ it to others.
A. lend ; borrow B. borrow ; keep C. borrow ; lend D. lend ; keep
21. When we were on holiday , we _______ too much money .
A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid
22. — _______ to the United States
— No , never , but I went to Canada a few years ago .
A. Have you been B. Have you gone C. Did you go D. Will you go
23. _______ cross the road before the traffic lights turn green .
A. Not B. Won’t C. Don’t D. Doesn’t
24. — So you went to see the film with Tom .
— Yes . Bob _______ with me .
A. won’t go B. isn’t going C. doesn’t go D. wouldn’t go
25. — Excuse me . Where ‘s the Science Museum
— Take No. 3 bus and _______ at the fourth stop .
A. get on B. get off C. get up D. get to
26. I _______ a letter from him since he left .
A. didn’t receive B. haven’t got C. didn’t have D. haven’t heard
27.Remember to _______ the lights after school .
A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on
28. — _______ I visit Lucy on Sunday , Mum
— Yes , you _______ .
A. Must ; can B. May ; may C. Need ; need D. May ; need
29. A talk on Chinese history _______ in the school hall next week .
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give
30. Do you think _______ an English film tomorrow night
A. is there B. there is going to have C. there is going to be D. will there be
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