(共104张PPT)
UNIT
5
LANGUAGES
AROUND
THE
WORLD
Section
Ⅰ Listening
and
Speaking，
Reading
and
Thinking
课前自主预习
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．___________n.十亿
→___________n.百万
→____________n.千
→___________n.百
2．__________adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人
3．____________n.态度；看法
4．_________vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于
→_____________n.言及；提及；参考；查阅
billion
million
thousand
hundred
native
attitude
refer
reference
5．__________n.体系；制度；系统
6．___________
prep.即使；尽管
7．__________n.因素；要素
8．_________adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的
→________vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据
→_________adj.基本的；基础的
9．________n.骨头；骨(质)
10．__________n.符号；象征
11．_________vt.&
vi.雕刻
system
despite
factor
based
base
basic
bone
symbol
carve
12．___________n.王朝；朝代
13．___________n.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
→___________
adj.不同的；各种各样的
→________vt.&
vi.使不同；变化
14．_________adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究
→____________n.大多数；大半
→____________n.少数
dynasty
variety
various
vary
major
majority
minority
15．_________n.方式；方法；途径
16．_________adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著
17．__________n.尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
18．_____________n.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
→__________________n.特征；特性
19．__________adj.全球的；全世界的
→_________n.球体；地球仪；地球
means
classic
regard
character
characteristic
global
globe
20．__________n.公共事物；事件；关系
21．______________vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值
→________________n.欣赏；感激；感谢
22．____________adj.特定的；明确的；具体的
affair
appreciate
appreciation
specific
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．refer
______指的是；描述；提到；查阅
2．be
known
_______...因……而闻名
3．ups
_______
downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
4．______
the
beginning起初
5．date
back
______追溯到
6．lead
______导致
to
for
and
at
to
to
7．be
______
importance重要的
8．______
matter
where/who/what...不论在哪/谁/什么……；不管……
9．be
connected________...与……有联系/关联
10．see...______...把……看作……
11．play
a
role
______...在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用
12．_____
number
of许多；大量
of
no
with
as
in
a
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．Over
the
years，the
system
developed
into
different
forms,
as
it
was
_____________
people
were
divided
geographically，___________
to
many
varieties
of
dialects
and
characters.
随着时间的推移，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，因为它是一个中国人口在地理区域上被分隔开的时期，导致了许多不同种类的方言和文字。
a
time
when
leading
2．That
writing
system
was
_____________________
in
uniting
the
Chinese
people
and
culture.
该书写体系对于统一中国人民和中国文化都具有极大的重要性。
3．Even
today，_________________
Chinese
people
live
or
________
dialect
they
speak，they
can
all
still
communicate
in
writing.
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
of
great
importance
no
matter
where
what
4．______
China
__________
greater
__________
global
affairs，an
increasing
number
of
international
students
are
beginning
to
appreciate
China’s
culture
and
history
through
this
amazing
language.
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
As
plays
a
role
in
Ⅳ．课文预读
Read
the
text
(P62)
and
choose
the
best
answers.
1．What
does
the
text
mainly
tell
us？______
A．The
development
of
the
Chinese
writing
system.
B．The
effect
of
the
Chinese
writing
system.
C．The
important
role
of
the
Chinese
writing
system.
D．The
development
and
effect
of
the
Chinese
writing
system.
D
2．What
do
you
think
is
one
of
the
main
factors
that
has
helped
the
Chinese
language
and
culture
survive？______
A．The
Chinese
writing
system.
B．Chinese
wisdom.
C．Hard
work
of
the
Chinese.
D．The
Chinese
spoken
language.
A
3．What
is
the
main
idea
of
Paragraph
2？______
A．How
did
people
carve
symbols
on
bones
and
shells?
B．What
did
the
symbols
on
bones
and
shells
mean?
C．When
did
the
picture－based
language
begin?
D．A
picture－based
language,
the
earliest
written
Chinese.
D
4．Why
did
the
Chinese
writing
system
begin
to
develop
in
one
direction？______
A．People
wanted
to
live
in
peace.
B．Emperor
Qinshihuang
united
the
seven
major
states
into
one
unified
country.
C．People
were
willing
to
communicate
in
a
language.
D．People
were
divided
geographically.
B
5．How
do
foreigners
appreciate
China’s
culture
and
history？______
A．Through
classic
works.
B．Through
music.
C．Through
the
Chinese
language.
D．Through
a
picture－based
language.
C
课内要点探究
China
is
our
native
country，and
Chinese
is
our
native
language.
中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。
The
tiger
is
native
to
India.
这种老虎产于印度。
He
is
a
native
of
Beijing.
他是北京人。
重
点
单
词
1．native
adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人
be
native
to原产于
one’s
native
country/land/language某人的祖国/故乡/母语
be
a
native
of...……的人；原产于……的动物或植物
单句语法填空
①You
can
always
tell
the
difference
between
the
tourists
and
the
___________
(native)．
②Is
her
uncle
a
native
______
Shanghai
or
just
a
visitor?
③The
researcher
says
the
tiger
is
native
______
India.
natives
of
to
It’s
not
his
work
that
bothers
me；it’s
his
attitude.
困扰我的不是他的工作，而是他的态度。
What’s
your
attitude
to
this
plan?
对于这个计划，你有什么看法？
We
must
take
a
serious
attitude
toward(s)
our
work.
我们必须严肃对待自己的工作。
2．attitude
n．态度；看法
attitude
to/towards
sb./sth.对某人/某事的态度
have/take
a
positive
attitude
to/towards...对……持积极态度
单句语法填空
①The
writer’s
attitude
_____________
online
learning
is
positive.
②His
attitude
to
___________(play)
computer
games
surprised
me.
完成句子
③It
is
important
________________________________________.
对生活采取积极的态度很重要。
to/towards
playing
to
have
a
positive
attitude
to/towards
life
They
decided
to
base
the
new
company
in
Xiongan，Hebei
Province.
他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在河北雄安。
The
businessman
bases
his
hopes
on
the
good
news
he
had
yesterday.
那位商人把希望寄托在他昨天得到的好消息上。
3．base
vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据
This
book
is
based
on
a
true
story.
这本书讲的是一个真实的故事。
He
held
up
a
wine
glass
with
a
heavy
base
and
said
that
his
arguments
had
a
sound
base.
他举起一个厚底的酒杯，说他的立论是有充分根据的。
base...in...把……安置在(某地)
base
sth.on/upon
sth.以某事物为另一事物的根据、证据等
based
adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特指)的
be
based
on/upon以……为根据
单句语法填空
①The
new
organization
will
be
based
______
Paris.
②His
new
storybook
_________(base)
on
what
happened
in
the
school
two
years
ago
sells
well.
in
based
③It
was
based
more
______
German
than
the
English
we
speak
at
present.
根据句意用适当的单词填空
④There
is
a
door
at
the
________
of
the
tower,
which
is
said
to
be
the
________
of
the
army.
在那座塔的底部有一扇门，据说那是这支部队的根据地。
on
base
base
We
all
need
variety
in
our
diet.
我们都需要饮食多样化。
A
great
variety
of
flowers
were
on
show
in
the
street
on
the
National
Day.
国庆节那天街上展出了各种各样的花。
There
are
numerous
varieties
of
peonies.
牡丹有许多品种。
4．variety
n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
a
variety
of＝varieties
of各种各样的
various
adj.不同的；各种各样的
for
various
reasons由于种种原因
vary
vt.&
vi.改变；变化
vary
from...to...从……到……不等
vary
between...and...在……和……之间变动
单句语法填空
①These
bags
are
made
of
a
variety
______
materials
that
can
be
easily
treated
when
they
become
rubbish.
②It
is
a
pity
that
some
people
can’t
go
back
home
at
the
Spring
Festival
for
a
___________(various)
of
reasons.
③The
research
team
is
made
up
of
the
pupils,
whose
ages
________
(various)
from
10
to
15.
of
variety
vary
He
is
a
major
writer.
他是位大作家。
Do
you
know
what
the
major
cause
of
the
strike
is?
你知道这次罢工的主要原因吗？
5．major
adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究
His
major
is
French.
他的主修科目是法语。
Mary
is
majoring
in
French
at
Stanford.
玛丽正在斯坦福专攻法语。
major
in...主修……；以……为专业
majority
n．大多数；大半
in
the/a
majority占多数
the
majority
of...大多数...
minority
n．少数；少数民族；未成年
in
the/a
minority占少数
单句语法填空
①He
majored
______
physics
at
university.
完成句子
②When
it
comes
to
education,
_________________
people
believe
that
education
is
of
great
importance.
当谈及教育，大部分人认为教育很重要。
③In
the
nursing
profession,
women
are
__________________.
女性在护理行业中占大多数。
in
the
majority
of
in
a/the
majority
Taking
a
plane
is
the
quickest
means
of
getting
there.
去那儿最快的方式是坐飞机。
All
possible
means
have
been
tried.＝Every
possible
means
has
been
tried.
所有(每一种)可能的办法都已经试过了。
This
plan
must
be
realized
by
all
means.
这个计划必须完成。
6．means
n．方式；方法；途径
by
all
means务必，不惜一切地；当然可以，没问题(用于交际英语表示同意)
by
any
means无论如何
by
no
means绝不；一点也不(用于句首时引起部分倒装)
by
this/these
means用这种/这些办法
by
means
of...依靠……方法，借助……手段
Thoughts
are
expressed
by
means
of
words.
思想靠语言来表达。
By
no
means
should
he
be
left
alone.
绝不能把他单独留下。
(1)means
表示“方法、方式、手段”，其单复数同形，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。当
means
作主语且有
every,
each
等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有
some,
several,
many,
few,
all
等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
(2)by
this
means
强调的是“有条理的办事方法”；in
this
way
强调的是“用简便的方法”，in
有时候可以省略；with
this
method
强调的是“用已形成的系统的、理论的方法”。
(3)means的另一个考查点是它的习惯搭配。
(4)by
no
means放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。
单句语法填空
①You
can
learn
English
well
by
means
______
practicing
more.
完成句子
②Students
sometimes
support
themselves
_____________
doing
part－time
jobs.
学生有时借助兼职工作养活自己。
③_______________can
you
give
up
when
you
are
in
trouble.
处境困难时决不能放弃。
of
by
means
of
By
no
means
The
teacher
wishes
to
speak
to
you
in
regard
to
being
late.
关于迟到的事，老师希望同你谈谈。
Please
give
my
kind
regards
to
your
family.
请代我向你家人问好。
He
is
regarded
as
the
most
promising
player.
他被看成是最有希望的球员。
7．regard
n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
单句语法填空
①Please
be
sure
to
give
your
family
my
___________(regard)．
②I
regarded
him
______
a
dangerous
person.
③I
have
nothing
to
say
__________
regard
to
your
question.
regards
as
in/with
Her
behaviour
last
night
was
completely
out
of
character.
她昨晚的行为举止与她的性格极其不符。
This
is
good
for
building
up
one’s
character.
这有利于品性的塑造。
In
the
story，the
main
character
has
left
his
girlfriend
and
baby.
故事中，主人公离开了他的女友和孩子。
Mr.
Smith
doesn’t
know
Chinese
characters.
史密斯先生不认识汉字。
8．character
n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
in
character
符合某人的性格
out
of
character
不符合某人的性格
build
(up)
one’s
character
塑造品性，磨炼意志
写出黑体部分的含义
①When
you
call
someone
a
friend,
it
is
mainly
his
character
and
interests
that
make
him
your
friend.________
②(2020·山东日照期末)The
characters
Stan
Lee
and
the
Marvel
artists
created
are
so
popular
that
more
than
two
million
comic
books
based
on
their
adventures
have
been
published,
in
75
countries
and
25
languages.________
性格
角色
③The
whole
character
of
the
village
has
changed
since
the
last
time
I
was
here.________
④Chinese
characters
enjoy
both
practical
and
aesthetic(美学的)
value.
________
特色
文字
You
will
appreciate
his
novels
better
if
you
read
his
autobiography.
如果读了他的自传，你就更能欣赏他的小说。
I’d
appreciate
it
if
you
let
me
get
on
with
my
job.
如果让我继续工作，我会非常感激。
9．appreciate
vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值
(1)appreciate
后可以接名词或从句，也可接动词的－ing形式，但不接不定式；后接从句时通常用it
作形式宾语。
(2)appreciate
表示“感激”时后接事或物，thank
后接人。
She
appreciated
his
kindness.
＝She
thanked
him
for
his
kindness.
她感激他的好意。
appreciate
sth.感激某事
appreciate
one/one’s
doing
sth.感激某人做某事
I
would
appreciate
it
if...
如果……我将不胜感激。
appreciation
n．欣赏；感激
写出黑体部分的含义
①You
should
say
such
good
music
is
noise,
which
shows
you
can’t
appreciate
music.________
②I
appreciate
the
difficulty
you
are
faced
with
but
I
don’t
think
I
can
help
you.________
③He
highly
appreciated
their
help
because
without
their
help
he
would
have
failed.________
欣赏
理解
感激
单句语法填空
④We
shall
appreciate
___________(hear)
from
you
again.
⑤I
would
appreciate
______
very
much
if
you
reply
to
me
early.
hearing
it
He
was
known
for
his
novels.
他以他的小说而闻名。
France
is
known
for
its
wine.
法国以葡萄酒闻名。
重
点
短
语
1．be
known
for...以……而闻名
be
known
for...＝be
famous
for...以……而闻名
be
known
as...＝be
famous
as...作为……而闻名
be
known
to
sb.＝be
famous
to
sb.为某人所熟知
The
popular
star
is
known/famous
to
young
people.
这个流行歌手为年轻人所熟知。
Virginia
is
known/famous
as
the
birthplace
of
several
USA
presidents.
弗吉尼亚作为几位美国总统的出生地而出名。
单句语法填空
①He
is
famous
_______
his
humour.
②Known
______
an
advanced
teacher,
he
was
warmly
welcomed
by
his
students
when
he
stepped
onto
the
platform.
for
as
Please
refer
to
the
dictionary
if
you
don’t
know
how
to
pronounce
the
word.
如果你不知道这个单词如何发音，请查字典。
In
his
speech,
he
didn’t
refer
to
the
problem
at
all.
在他的演讲中，他丝毫未触及那个问题。
He
is
referred
to
as
a
living
Lei
Feng.
他被称作活雷锋。
2．refer
to指的是；描述；提到；查阅
refer
to...as...把……称作……
refer...to...把……提交给……；把……委托给……
reference
n.
言及；提及；参考；查阅
单句语法填空
①In
his
speech
he
referred
______
the
great
help
our
country
received
from
the
supporters
of
the
world.
to
根据语境猜测词义
②No
one
referred
to
the
matter
again.________
③When
I
said
some
people
were
stupid
I
wasn’t
referring
to
you.
__________
④The
new
law
does
not
refer
to
land
used
for
farming.
_______________
⑤If
you
don’t
know
the
exact
meaning
of
the
word,
you
may
refer
to
the
dictionary.________
⑥English
is
referred
to
as
a
universal
language.________________
提及
指的是
有关；适用于
查阅
把……称作是
Tomb
Sweeping
Day
dates
back
to
the
Spring
and
Autumn
Period.
清明节可以追溯到春秋时代。
The
earliest
money
in
China
can
date
back
to
thousands
of
years
ago.
中国最早的货币可以追溯到几千年前。
3．date
back(to)追溯到
date
back
to＝date
from始自某时期
out
of
date过时
up
to
date直到最近的；时髦的
keep
up
to
date跟上时代
make/fix
a
date
for
sth.定下(做)某事的日期
have
a
date
with
sb.同某人约会
因追溯是从现在算起指向过去，所以这个短语常用一般现在时，且没有被动语态。
单句语法填空
①The
history
of
the
town
dates
back
______
the
Middle
Ages.
②Our
friendship
_________(date)
back
to
1960.
③A
lot
of
new
words
go
_______
of
date
very
quickly.
④They
are
very
______
to
date
in
their
method
of
language
teaching.
⑤According
to
the
expert,
the
vase
has
a
history
__________(date)
back
to
the
early
Tang
Dynasty.
to
dates
out
up
dating
Too
much
work
and
too
little
rest
often
leads
to
illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息经常会引起疾病。
What
led
you
to
this
conclusion?
你是如何得出这个结论的？
Laziness
leads
to
failing
the
exam.
懒惰导致考试不及格。
4．lead
to导致；引起；通向
lead
to
(doing)
sth.导致(做)某事
lead
sb.to
do
sth.使某人做某事
lead
a/an...life过着……的生活
lead
to中的to是介词，所以后面接动词时，用动词的－ing形式。类似的带介词to的动词短语还有：look
forward
to
(盼望)，get
down
to
(开始认真做)，object
to
(反对)，stick
to
(坚持)，contribute
to
(有助于，导致)等。
完成句子
①It
was
making
a
face
in
the
maths
class
that
_______________
____________.
是在数学课上做鬼脸一事导致汤姆被惩罚。
②This
road
__________________
so
we
can
take
it.
这条路通向北京，所以我们可以走它。
led
to
Tom
being
punished
leads
to
Beijing
③The
rain－free
climate
and
so
many
cars
driving
in
the
city
have
_________
serious
air
pollution
so
many
people
think
they
are
___________________.
无雨的气候以及在城里那么多行驶的车辆导致严重的大气污染，所以很多人认为他们过着很糟糕的生活。
led
to
leading
a
bad
life
A
great/large
number
of
tourists
visit
London
every
year.
每年有大批的游客游览伦敦。
5．a
number
of许多；大量(修饰number的词除了great之外还有large,
good,
small等)
a
number
of/the
number
of
a
number
of＋可数名词复数(许多……，大量的……)
作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式(真正的主语是复数名词)
A
number
of
students
are
playing
on
the
playground.
很多学生正在操场上玩。
the
number
of＋可数名词复数(……的数目/数量)
作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式(真正的主语是number)
The
number
of
the
students
there
is
at
least
over
100.
至少有100多名学生在那儿。
large
quantities
of...作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a
large
quantity
of...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
单句语法填空
①To
repair
this
cupboard，you
will
need
_____
number
of
specific
tools.
②I
have
_____
large
number
of
books
and
_______
number
of
them
is
still
increasing.
a
a
the
重
点
句
型
1．Over
the
years，the
system
developed
into
different
forms,
as
it
was
a
time
when
people
were
divided
geographically，leading
to
many
varieties
of
dialects
and
characters.
随着时间的推移，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，因为它是一个中国人口在地理区域上被分隔开的时期，导致了许多不同种类的方言和文字。
(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是the
system
developed
into
different
forms；句中as引导原因状语从句；when
people
were
divided
geographically是when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a
time；leading
to
many
varieties
of
dialects
and
characters是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
(2)It
was
a
time
when...那是……的时期
It
was
a
time
when
I
took
a
crazy
liking
for
rock
and
roll.
那是一个我非常狂热地喜欢摇滚乐的时期。
There
was
a
time
when...曾有一段时间……
There
was
a
time
when
women
were
not
allowed
to
go
to
school.
曾经有一段时间，女性不被允许去上学。
完成句子
____________________Tom’s
mother
got
angry
very
easily.
这是一段汤姆的妈妈很容易生气的时期。
This
was
a
time
when
(1)该句是比较长的简单句，整个句式是“主系表”结构。of
great
importance是介词短语，作表语。
(2)“of＋名词”结构
“of＋名词”结构可在句中作表语，后置定语和宾语补足语。该结构可分为两类：
2．That
writing
system
was
of
great
importance
in
uniting
the
Chinese
people
and
culture.
该书写体系对于统一中国人民和中国文化都具有极大的重要性。
①不可以转化为形容词的：此时，“of＋名词”结构用来说明句子主语在重量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有color，size，age，height，weight，shape，type，kind，price，quality等，名词前可用different，the
same，a(n)等来修饰。
Coins
may
be
of
different
sizes,
weights,
shapes，and
metals.
硬币可能在大小、重量、形状和(铸造所用的)金属方面有所不同。
These
pens
are
of
many
different
colors.
这些钢笔有许多不同的颜色。
The
two
rooms
are
of
a
size/of
the
same
size.
这两个房间大小一样。
Tom
and
I
are
of
the
same
age.
我和汤姆一样大。
②可以转化为同根形容词的：此时，“of＋名词”结构用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义等。这类名词有value，use，importance，help，significance，benefit，beauty等。名词前可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰，用来表明程度。
Dictionaries
are
of
great
help
(＝very
helpful)
to
English
learners.
词典对英语学习者来说是很有帮助的。
In
fact,
sports
can
be
of
great
benefit
(＝very
beneficial)
to
our
health.
事实上，运动对我们的健康很有益。
“of＋名词”和同根形容词的转换如下：
be
of
significance＝be
significant有重大意义的
be
of
importance＝be
important重要的
be
of
help＝be
helpful有帮助的
be
of
use＝be
useful有用的
be
of
value＝be
valuable宝贵的；很有用的
be
of
benefit＝be
beneficial有益的
结合“of＋名词”的用法完成句子
①You’ll
find
this
map
is
____________________
for
you
to
travel
around
London.
你会发现这张地图对你周游伦敦很有用。(value)
②The
discovery
of
the
new
drug
is
_________________________
to
people
who
suffer
from
heart
trouble.
这种新药物的发现对心脏病患者来说非常重要。(importance)
of
great/much
value
of
great/much
importance
③Please
give
these
things
to
charities.They
are
___________
to
me.
请把这些东西捐给慈善机构。它们对我没有用了。(use)
④Their
products
are
_________________
and
sold
all
over
the
country.
他们的产品质量很好，销往全国各地。(quality)
⑤The
twins
are
___________________，but
different
in
weight.
这对双胞胎身高相同，但体重不同。(height)
of
no
use
of
high
quality
of
the
same
height
(1)该句是主从复合句。what前省略了no
matter，no
matter
where...
speak是连接词no
matter
where和no
matter
what引导的让步状语从句。
3．Even
today，no
matter
where
Chinese
people
live
or
what
dialect
they
speak，they
can
all
still
communicate
in
writing.
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
(2)“no
matter＋特殊疑问句”引导让步状语从句
①no
matter与what/who/when/where/how等特殊疑问词连用，可引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”。
No
matter
what
he
did,
his
parents
supported
him.
不管他做什么，他父母都支持他。
No
matter
how
difficult
the
problem
is,
we’ll
overcome
it.
不管这个问题多么难，我们都会克服它。
②no
matter
how/who/where/when/what/which...引导让步状语从句时，可换成however/whoever/wherever/whenever/whatever/whichever(无论多么/无论谁/无论哪里/无论何时/无论什么/无论哪个)等。但当whoever/
whichever/whatever引导名词性从句时，它们不能换成no
matter
who/
which/
what。
No
matter
who
asks
him
for
help,
he
is
always
ready
to
help.
不管谁求助于他，他都乐于帮忙。(No
matter
who在此引导让步状语从句，可以换成Whoever)
He
is
a
very
determined
man.No
matter
what
problems
he
meets
with,
he
never
gives
up.
他是一个意志非常坚定的人。他无论遇到什么问题，都决不放弃。(No
matter
what在此引导让步状语从句，可以换成Whatever)
Whatever
you
say
is
right.
你说什么都是对的。(Whatever在此引导名词性从句，不可以换成No
matter
what)
③however
是副词，修饰形容词、副词；
whatever
是代词，修饰的是名词。
However
difficult
it
is,
you
must
work
it
out.
不管有多难，你都要解决这件事。
Whatever
difficulty
there
is,
we
must
work
together.
不管有什么样的困难我们都要团结合作。
单句语法填空
①One
can
always
manage
to
do
more
things,
no
matter
_______
full
his
schedule
is.
②(2020·广东中山统测)I
am
firmly
convinced
(深信)
that
no
matter
________
chances
arrive,
we
are
able
to
seize
them
as
long
as
we
are
well
prepared.
③(2020·辽宁六校联考)No
matter
________
you
lose
in
life,
don’t
lose
faith
or
hope.
how
when
what
完成句子
④__________________________________，he
will
be
punished.
无论谁违反法律，他都将受到惩罚。
⑤___________________________________，I
will
let
you
know.
无论我发生什么事情，我都会让你知道。
Whoever/No
matter
who
breaks
the
law
Whatever/No
matter
what
happens
to
me
(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是an
increasing
number
of
international
students
are
beginning
to
appreciate
China’s
culture
and
history
through
this
amazing
language；从句是As
China
plays
a
greater
role
in
global
affairs。
4．As
China
plays
a
greater
role
in
global
affairs，an
increasing
number
of
international
students
are
beginning
to
appreciate
China’s
culture
and
history
through
this
amazing
language.随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
(2)play
a
role
in(在……中)担任角色；在……中起作用。
He
played
an
important
role
in
the
film.
他在这部电影中扮演一个重要角色。
Television
seems
to
play
a
big
role
in
all
their
lives.
电视好像在他们的生活中起着很重要的作用。
play
a
part
in(在……中)扮演一个角色，参与；(在……中)起作用
play
the
part/role
of...扮演……角色
(3)句中as
引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”，还可意为“当……时，一边……(一边……)”，强调主从句动作相伴发生。
He
always
sings
as
he
walks.
他总是边走边唱。
As
time
went
by,
I
was
made
smaller.
随着时间的推移，我被制造得更加小巧。
as
作连词引导从句的用法：
①引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。
②引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……的方式；像；如同”。
③引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，从句须部分倒装，如果提前的是名词，其前不要不定冠词。
④引导时间状语从句，意为“一边……(一边……)；随着”，强调主从句动作同时发生。
⑤引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...和not
so/as...as...结构中。
As
you
were
not
there,
I
left
a
message.
你不在那里，所以我留了张纸条。
Poor
as
he
is,
he
is
generous.
虽然他很穷，但他很慷慨。
A
miss
is
as
good
as
a
mile.
失之毫厘，谬以千里。
单句语法填空
①Farming
plays
an
important
role
______
the
country’s
economy.
②They
sang
songs
______
they
were
doing
farm
work.
③He
played
the
role
______
a
successful
lawyer
in
the
play.
④______
he
grew
older，he
became
less
active.
⑤Do
in
Rome
______
the
Romans
do.
in
as
of
As
as (共53张PPT)
UNIT
5
LANGUAGES
AROUND
THE
WORLD
Section
Ⅱ Discovering
Useful
Structures
单元语法精析
夯基提能作业
单元语法精析
语法点拨
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系副词包括when,
where,
why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。其具体用法见下表：
关系副词和“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系副词
先行词
在从句中所作的成分
when
表示时间
时间状语
where
表示地点
地点状语
why
表示原因
原因状语
1．when的用法
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，morning，night，week，year等表示时间的名词。
There
was
a
time
when
a
deep
blue
sky,
the
song
of
the
birds，moonlight
and
flowers
could
never
have
kept
me
spellbound.
曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花从未令我心迷神往过。
We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
when
the
weather
may
be
better.
我们将把在公园举行的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能比现在好。
先行词是表示时间的词时，关系词是否用when，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。
We
still
remember
the
days
when
we
spent
our
holiday
together.
我们仍然记得我们在一起度假的那些日子。(when在从句中作时间状语)
We
still
remember
the
days
(that/which)
we
spent
together.
我们仍然记得我们一起度过的那些日子。(that/which在从句中作宾语)
2．where的用法
where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等表示地点的名词或point
(地步)，case(情况)，situation(情形)，position(位置)，stage(阶段)等表示抽象地点的名词。
The
movie
is
set
in
a
small
town
where
the
only
movie
theatre
is
preparing
to
close
down.
这部电影以一座小镇为背景，这座小镇唯一的电影院即将倒闭。
They
went
to
the
Royal
Theatre,
where
they
saw
an
interesting
play.
他们去了皇家剧院，在那里看了一场有趣的戏剧。
What
are
some
situations
where
body
language
is
the
only
form
of
communication?
在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式？
先行词是表示地点的词时，关系词是否用where，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。
This
is
the
house
where
we
visited
the
famous
writer
last
year.
去年我们就是在这所房子里拜访了那位著名作家。(where在从句中作地点状语)
The
house(that/which)
we
visited
last
year
is
over
500
years
old.
我们去年参观的那个房子有500多年的历史了。(that/which在从句中作宾语)
3．why的用法
why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，why在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
I
have
come
around
to
explain
the
reason
why(＝for
which)
I
was
absent
from
the
meeting.
我来是为了解释我当时没有到会的原因的。
先行词是reason时，关系词是否用why，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。
This
is
the
reason
why
he
was
late.
这就是他迟到的原因。(why在从句中原因作状语)
Please
tell
me
the
reason
(that/which)
he
explained
to
you.
请告诉我他向你解释的原因。(that/which在从句中作宾语)
4．the
way作先行词
首先要确定关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。
(1)如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that或which。
The
way
(that/which)
he
thought
of
to
solve
the
problem
was
not
practical.
他所想到的解决这个问题的方法不切实际。
(2)如果关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用关系词in
which，that或省略。
This
is
the
way
(that/in
which)
he
learns
English.
这就是他学习英语的方法。
单句改错
①I
often
think
of
the
days
when
we
spent
on
the
island
together.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②There
are
some
reasons
which
they
do
this.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
when→which/that或删除when 先行词为the
days，代入定语从句中作spent的宾语，因此选用关系代词which，that或者省略。
在which前加for或which→why 先行词为some
reasons，代入定语从句后为they
do
this
for
some
reasons，因此用why或者for
which引导定语从句。
③I
hope
I
can
be
admitted
to
a
good
college,
which
I
will
have
a
chance
to
improve
my
English
further.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
④The
first
thing
I
would
say
is
that
the
way
which
you
begin
the
conversation
is
very
important.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
在which前加in或which→where 先行词为a
good
college，代入非限制性定语从句后为...improve
my
English
further
in
the
college，因此用where引导，或使用in
which。
在which前加in或which→that或删除which 先行词是the
way，代入到定语从句中充当方式状语，因此在which前加in，或which改为that，或删除which。
⑤The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere
which
his
employees
enjoy
their
work.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
在which前加in或which→where 先行词为atmosphere，代入定语从句后为his
employees
enjoy
their
work
in
this
atmosphere，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，也可采用“介词＋关系代词”的方式。因此用where或者in
which。
⑥This
is
the
museum
where
you
visited
the
other
day.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
⑦Have
you
ever
been
to
Wuhan,
where
I
left
5
years
ago?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
where→that/which或删除where 关系词指代先行词museum，在定语从句中充当visited的宾语。
where→which 引导词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wuhan，引导词在从句中充当left的宾语且不能省去。
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．在这种结构中，若关系代词指人，只能用whom；若关系代词指物，只能用which。
It
was
in
1952
and
Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer
to
whom
I
went
for
advice.
那是在1952年，曼德拉当时是一位黑人律师，我向他寻求建议。
I’ll
never
forget
the
day
on
which
(＝when)
I
first
met
you.
我永远不会忘记初次见你的那一天。
This
is
the
town
in
which
(＝where)
Shakespeare
was
born.
这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。
I
forgot
the
exact
place
to
which
(＝where)
I
had
paid
a
visit.
我忘记了已经参观过的确切地点。
There’s
no
reason
for
which
(＝why)
we
can
betray
our
friends.
我们没有理由背叛朋友。
I’d
like
you
to
explain
the
reason
for
which(＝why)
you
were
absent.
我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。
“名词/代词/数词/最高级＋of＋关系代词”结构
比如：none/some/several/a
few/many/more/most/two/the
biggest
of
which/whom等。
The
journey
around
the
world
would
take
the
sailor
nine
months,
the
sailing
time
of
which
(＝of
which
the
sailing
time)
was
226
days.
环游世界花费了水手们九个月的时间，其中航行时间是226天。
Here
are
the
questions,
none
of
which
(＝of
which
none)
I
thought
are
difficult
for
you.
就是这些问题，我认为对你来说没有一个是困难的。
Present
at
the
meeting
were
almost
experts
on
AI,
most
of
whom
(＝of
whom
most)
were
male.
出席会议的大都是人工智能方面的专家，其中大部分是男性。
2．关系代词前介词的选用
(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定。
Close
friends
are
those
to
whom
you
feel
so
close
that
it
is
hard
to
imagine
life
without
them.
密友就是那些你感到如此亲近的人，以至于你无法想象没有他们的生活。(feel
close
to)
Charity
is
the
cause
to
which
he
is
devoted.
慈善是他挚爱的事业。(be
devoted
to)
(2)依据与先行词的搭配来确定。
This
is
the
farm
on
which
he
works.
这就是他工作的农场。(on
the
farm)
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
The
colourless
gas
without
which
we
cannot
live
is
called
oxygen.
这种无色的气体就是氧气，离开了它我们不能生存。
有些“动词(＋名词)＋介词”的固定搭配，如look
for，look
after，call
on，take
care
of等，不能把介词提到关系代词前。
My
youngest
brother,
after
whom
I
have
to
look,
is
very
naughty.(×)
My
youngest
brother,
whom
I
have
to
look
after,
is
very
naughty.(√)
用“介词＋关系代词”填空
①Gun
control
is
a
subject
__________________
Americans
have
argued
for
a
long
time.
解析：先行词是subject，指物，argue为不及物动词，关系词在从句中作介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句的动词构成搭配argue
over/about
sth。
over/about
which
②We
must
work
even
harder
during
the
coming
winter
holiday
and
never
forget
that
we
are
part
of
the
school
___________
the
name
is
Guangming
Senior
High
School.
解析：of
which
the
name＝the
name
of
which＝whose
name。故用of
which。
③In
our
class
there
are
46
students,
__________
half
wear
glasses.
解析：定语从句的主语可还原为half
of
the
students。因而使用of
whom。
of
which
of
whom
④The
pen
_____________
he
is
writing
is
mine.
解析：根据搭配write
with
the
pen可知。应使用with
which。
⑤He
bought
a
book
yesterday,
the
writer
___________
is
a
teacher.
解析：book是先行词，指物，还原到定语从句中为the
writer
of
the
book。故用of
which。
⑥I
don’t
think
the
number
of
the
people
__________
this
happens
is
very
large.
解析：people是先行词，指人，还原到定语从句中为this
happens
to
the
people。故用to
whom。
with
which
of
which
to
whom
⑦In
the
street,
there
wasn’t
a
single
person
__________
she
could
turn
for
help.
解析：person是先行词，还原到定语从句中为she
could
turn
to
the
person
for
help。turn
to
sb
for
help是固定搭配，意为“求助于某人”。关系代词whom指代person。
⑧The
way
___________
Miss
Liu
teaches
English
is
quite
different
from
Miss
Zhao’s.
解析：way是先行词，还原到定语从句中作状语，关系词有三种情况：that/in
which/不填。
to
whom
in
which
三、使用定语从句应该注意的问题
1．定语从句中的主谓一致问题
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的数应与先行词保持一致。下面是定语从句在实际运用中需要注意的几个主谓一致的问题：
(1)I作先行词时，定语从句中谓语动词应该与I保持一致
I,
who
am
your
teacher,
will
try
to
solve
all
kinds
of
questions.
我作为你的老师，会尽力解决各种各样的问题。
(2)当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，且作从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
China,
as
is
known
to
all.
众所周知，中国已经发生了天翻地覆的变化。
(3)当“one
of＋the(＋形容词最高级)＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。
The
Summer
Palace
is
one
of
the
world－famous
places
of
interest
that
draw
lots
of
visitors.
颐和园是吸引着大批游客的世界名胜之一。
The
Lord
of
the
Rings
is
one
of
the
most
wonderful
movies
that
have
been
produced
in
Hollywood.
《指环王》是好莱坞制作的最精彩的电影之一。
当“the
only
one
of＋the(＋形容词最高级)＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是the
only
one，从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。
This
is
the
only
one
of
the
songs
in
the
album
that
is
sung
in
English.
这是这张专辑中唯一一首英文歌曲。
Titanic
is
the
only
one
of
the
most
wonderful
movies
that
has
been
produced
in
Hollywood.
在这些最精彩的电影中，《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部好莱坞制作的影片。
2．from
where，since/until/by
when也可以引导定语从句。
He
stood
on
top
of
the
hill,
from
where
he
could
see
the
Yangtze
River.
他站在山顶上，从那里他能看到长江。(from
where＝from
which
place)
The
book
was
written
in
1946,
since
when
the
education
system
has
seen
great
changes.
这本书著于1946年，从那时起教育体制发生了重大变化。(since/until/
by
when＝since/until/by
which
time)
对比训练
①〈1〉This
is
one
of
the
most
interesting
films
that
________(be)
shown
last
week.
解析：关系词前有one
of
the
most
interesting
films，定语从句先行词为films，谓语动词要用复数。
〈2〉This
is
the
only
one
of
the
most
interesting
films
that
_______(be)
shown
last
week.
解析：先行词为the
only
one，因此定语从句中谓语动词用单数。
were
was
②〈1〉He
has
two
sons,
both
of
________
are
college
students.
解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为two
sons，设空处前有介词of，因此用whom指代先行词。
〈2〉He
has
two
sons,
and
both
of
________
are
college
students.
解析：本句为并列句，因而第二个并列分句主语应是both
of
them，them指代two
sons。
whom
them
③〈1〉He
still
lives
in
the
room
_________
window
faces
to
the
east.
解析：先行词为the
room，代入定语从句中从句的主语变为the
room’s
window，因此用whose。
〈2〉He
still
lives
in
the
room,
the
window
of
_________
faces
to
the
cast.
解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，介词后指物用which。
whose
which
〈3〉He
still
lives
in
the
room
_____________
is
on
the
third
floor.
解析：先行词为the
room，关系词在定语从句中作主语，因此用which/that。
〈4〉He
still
lives
in
the
room
________________
there
is
a
beautiful
table.
解析：先行词为the
room，代入定语从句后为there
is
a
beautiful
table
in
the
room，设空处充当地点状语，因此用关系副词where，也可用in
which。
which/that
where/in
which
④〈1〉After
the
flooding，people
were
suffering
in
that
area,
__________
urgently
needed
clean
water
and
medicine.
解析：设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，根据语境可知，先行词为people，故用who。who指代主句中的people。也可填and，连接两个并列谓语，主语都为people。
〈2〉After
the
flooding,
people
were
suffering
in
that
area,
________________
clean
water
and
medicine
were
needed.
解析：先行词为area，代入定语从句后为clean
water
and
medicine
were
needed
in
that
area，从句中缺少地点状语，因此用where/in
which。
who/and
where/in
which
⑤〈1〉A
housing
bubble
is
an
economic
situation
_____________
occurs
when
house
prices
rise
much
too
fast.
解析：先行词为situation，设空处在从句中充当主语，因此用which/that。
〈2〉It’s
helpful
to
put
children
in
a
situation
________________
they
can
see
themselves
differently.
解析：先行词为situation，设空处在从句中充当地点状语，因此使用where，也可使用in
which。
which/that
where/in
which
⑥〈1〉I’ll
never
forget
the
days
_______________________
we
studied
together.
解析：先行词为the
days，设空处在定语从句中充当时间状语，因此用when，也可用during/on
which。
〈2〉I’ll
never
forget
the
days
_____________
we
spent
together.
解析：先行词为the
days，设空处在定语从句中充当spent的宾语。因此用which/that或省略关系词。
when或during/on
which
which/that
⑦〈1〉This
is
the
only
way
________
you
can
find.
解析：先行词为way，有the
only修饰，设空处在定语从句中充当宾语，因此不能使用which，而用that，that还可省略。
〈2〉I
don’t
like
the
way
_______________
he
spoke
to
his
mother.
解析：先行词为the
way，设空处在定语从句中充当方式状语，关系词可用in
which/that或省略关系词。
that
in
which/that
⑧〈1〉Is
this
museum
__________
they
visited
last
month?
解析：疑问句转换成陈述句为This
museum
is
________
they
visited
last
month.。定语从句中缺少先行词。因此用the
one。
〈2〉Is
this
the
museum
_____________
they
visited
last
month?
解析：先行词为the
museum，设空处在定语从句中充当visited的宾语，关系词可用which/that，也可省略。
〈3〉Is
this
the
museum
___________
they
paid
a
visit
last
month?
解析：pay
a
visit
to...为固定搭配。
the
one
which/that
to
which
⑨〈1〉It
was
10
o’clock
_______________
they
went
out
of
the
cinema.
解析：先行词为表示时间的名词，从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导定语从句，也可用at
which。
〈2〉It
was
at
10
o’clock
________
they
went
out
of
the
cinema.
解析：本句为强调句。去掉It
was和设空处后剩余部分仍为一个完整的句子。
when/at
which
that
专项练习
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或副词填空
1．Self－driving
is
an
area
_________
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line.
2．Do
you
like
the
book
____________
she
paid
$10?
3．Do
you
like
the
book
_____________
she
learned
a
lot?
4．Do
you
like
the
book
______________
she
often
talks?
5．The
tower
_____________
people
can
have
a
good
view
is
on
the
hill.
where
for
which
from
which
about
which
from
which
6．The
man
__________
I
spoke
on
the
phone
last
night
is
very
good
at
wrestling.
7．She
glanced
at
the
room
_________
four
men
were
talking
aloud.
8．Do
you
know
the
year
_______________
the
Chinese
Communist
Party
was
founded?
9．The
factory
________________
we
are
working
will
be
rebuilt
soon.
10．The
reason
_______________
she
did
it
is
that
she
wouldn’t
let
her
parents
feel
disappointed.
to
whom
where
when/in
which
where/in
which
why/for
which
Ⅱ．根据提示补全下列定语从句
1．This
is
the
museum
_______________________________.
这就是我们看到那幅名画的博物馆。(where)
2．We
live
in
an
age
________________________________
easily
than
ever
before.
我们生活在一个交流比以前更容易的时代。(when)
3．The
reason
________________
was
that
he
got
up
late.
他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。(why)
where
we
saw
the
famous
painting
when
people
can
communicate
more
why
he
was
late
4．The
documents
_____________________________
have
been
recovered.
他们寻找的文件已经找到了。(for
which)
5．This
is
the
teacher
_____________________________.
这就是我们从他那里学了很多东西的老师。(from
whom)
6．The
man
________________________
just
now
is
my
English
teacher.
刚刚和你谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。(to
whom)
for
which
they
were
searching
from
whom
we’ve
learned
a
lot
to
whom
you
were
talking
7．I’ll
never
forget
the
day
__________________________.
我永远都不会忘记入党的日子。(on
which)
8．The
factory
________________________
is
in
the
east
of
the
city.
父亲工作的那家工厂在城东。(in
which)
9．None
of
us
know
the
reason
________________________
from
the
meeting.
我们都不知道汤姆缺席会议的原因。(for
which)
10．Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
the
city
___________________.
我出生的城市发生了很大的变化。(in
which)
on
which
I
joined
the
Party
in
which
my
father
works
for
which
Tom
was
absent
in
which
I
was
born
Ⅲ．用适当的关系词填空
I
will
tell
you
a
story
______________
is
very
interesting.It
is
about
a
good
man
____________
is
called
Tom.Tom
married
a
girl
___________
name
is
Jane.Jane
is
the
girl
_________________
Tom
loves.They
live
in
a
house
_______________
was
built
by
Tom’s
father.It
is
an
old
house
___________
Tom
was
born.It
was
in
the
house
___________
he
was
born
that
they
got
married.Tom
likes
to
write
stories
and
Jane
loves
all
the
stories
__________
Tom
writes.They
have
5
children,
3
of
__________
are
boys.The
children
are
very
clever,
_____________
makes
Tom
very
happy.
1.that/which
2.who/that
3.whose
4.who/whom/that
5.that/which
6.where
7.where
8.that
9.whom
10.which
All
the
children
go
to
college,
__________
their
parents
expect.Tom
once
said
he
would
never
forget
the
day
____________
he
met
Jane.Tom
believes
that
Jane
is
the
most
beautiful
girl
____________
he
has
ever
met.That
is
the
reason
___________
he
wanted
to
marry
her.Jane
said
that
Tom
was
the
person
with
____________
she
would
live
for
a
whole
life.They
are
really
a
happy
couple,
from
____________
we
can
learn
a
lot.Their
children
live
in
a
family
_____________
their
parents
are
treating
them
like
friends.We
all
admire
the
way
____________
Tom
treats
his
children.He
is
a
good
man
with
____________
everyone
would
like
to
live.
11.as
12.when
13.that
14.why
15.whom
16.whom
17.where
18.that
19.whom
Tom
is
one
of
the
villagers
2_______________
have
been
reported
in
the
newspaper
and
he
is
the
only
one
of
those
villagers
who
has
acted
in
a
film.
20.who/that (共60张PPT)
UNIT
5
LANGUAGES
AROUND
THE
WORLD
Section
Ⅲ Listening
and
Talking，
Reading
for
Writing
课前自主预习
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．____________n.&
vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
2．_______n.汽油；气体；燃气
3．__________n.(NAmE
gas)汽油
4．__________n.地铁
5．_____________n.(especially
NAmE)公寓套房
6．_______
vt.恳求；祈求；哀求
struggle
gas
petrol
subway
apartment
beg
7．_________n.同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的
→___________adv.相等地
→____________
n．同等；平等
8．_______n.间隔；开口；差距
9．__________n.要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问
→____________
adj.(工作)苛求的；费力的
10．______________n.词汇
equal
equally
equality
gap
demand
demanding
vocabulary
11．_______________n.描写(文字)；形容
→____________vt.描述
12．__________v.联系；讲述
→___________
adj.有关的；在联系的
→____________n.关系；联系；亲戚
→____________n.亲戚 adj.相对的
→______________
n．相对性
description
describe
relate
related
relation
relative
relativity
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．point
______
view观点；看法
2．fight
_______...为争取……而斗争
3．give
______放弃
4．used
to
______
sth.
过去常常做某事
5．have
trouble
________
sth.在某方面有困难
6．compare...________...把……和……相比
of
for
up
do
with
with
7．depend
______依靠；依赖
8．relate
______...与……相关；涉及；谈到
9．aside
________...除了……以外
10．can’t
help
but
______不得不做……
11．______
the
beginning
of...在……开始的时候
12．introduce
sb.______
sb.把某人介绍给某人
on
to
from
do
at
to
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．When
I
____________
native
English
speakers
___________
in
a
video,
I
can
catch
only
a
few
words.
当我听视频里的以英语为母语者说英语的时候，我只能听懂几个单词。
2．Would
you
_______________
the
window，please?
打开窗户，你介意吗？
listen
to
talking
mind
opening
Ⅳ．课文预读
Read
the
text
on
Page
66
and
then
choose
the
best
answers.
1．What
is
Liu
Wen’s
biggest
problem
of
learning
English？______
A．Speaking.
B．Listening.
C．Reading.
D．Writing.
B
2．To
get
used
to
how
native
speakers
talk,
Jia
Xin
does
things
except
_____.
A．listening
to
English
radio
programmes
B．repeating
what
he
hears
C．recording
his
voice
D．asking
the
radio
host
for
help
D
3．What
does
the
word
“bridge”
in
the
sentence
“...，so
I
only
need
a
few
words
to
bridge
the
gap
between
us.”
mean？______
A．消除。
B．架桥。
C．桥梁。
D．减少。
A
课内要点探究
After
a
long
struggle，the
old
woman
gained
control
of
her
business.
经过长期努力，这位老妇人在业务上已能应付自如。
They
had
to
struggle
with
/
against
all
kinds
of
difficulties.
他们得和各种各样的困难做斗争。
重
点
单
词
1．struggle
n．&
vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
She
struggled
to
get
away
from
her
attacker.
她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的人。
He
struggled
against
cancer
for
two
years.
他同癌症抗争了两年。
He
has
been
struggling
for
success
in
business.(＝He
has
been
struggling
to
succeed
in
business.)
为了事业的成功，他一直努力奋斗。
struggle
to
do
sth.努力去做某事
struggle
with/against...同……做斗争
struggle
for
sth.为某事而努力
struggle
on挣扎着坚持下去
struggle
to
one’s
feet挣扎着站起来
单句语法填空
①This
small
food
factory
reduced
their
product
prices
to
struggle
_______existence
in
the
local
market.
②The
prisoner
struggled
_______________the
policeman
but
couldn’t
escape.
③Bravely,
Mary
struggled
______
her
feet,
and
fought
against
the
wind
and
rain.
④He
has
been
struggling
_______________
illness
for
many
years.
for
with/against
to
with/against
Are
men
equal
to
women
in
physical
strength?
在体力上男人和女人相同吗？
She
did
not
feel
equal
to
receiving
visitors.
她觉得自己不适合接待来客。
Yao
Ming
is
a
basketball
player
without
equal
in
China.
在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。
2．equal
n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的
be
equal
to＋n./doing
sth.等于；与……相等；有……的能力(勇气、力量等)；胜任，能干
be
without
equal/have
no
equal无与伦比
equal
vt.等于；抵得上
A
equals
B
in...A在……方面比得上B
equally
adv.相同地；同样地
equality
n．平等
单句语法填空
①He
equals
me
______
strength
but
not
______
intelligence(智力)．
②I
couldn’t
find
a
person
who
can
be
equal
______
this
work.
③He
taught
for
20
years
and
treated
every
student
___________(equal)．
④In
some
countries
black
people
do
not
have
____________(equal)
with
white
people.
in
in
to
equally
equality
It
was
a
dilemma
because
the
footballer
could
have
demanded
damages
if
we
were
wrong.
这是一个两难的问题，因为如果我们错了，足球队员就可以要求赔偿损失。
Good
secretaries
are
always
in
demand.
优秀的秘书总是很抢手。
3．demand
n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要；查问；逼问
Financial
subsidy
is
one
of
the
best
means
to
satisfy
user’s
demands.
经济补贴是满足用户需求的最好手段之一。
I
demand
to
see
the
manager.＝I
demand
that
I
(should)
see
the
manager.
我坚决要求见经理。
All
the
settlers
nearby
demanded
that
the
nightclub
(should)
move
away
as
soon
as
possible.
附近所有居民都要求那家夜总会尽早搬走。
meet/satisfy
sb.’s
demands满足某人的要求
in
demand非常需要的；受欢迎的
demand
to
do
sth.要求做某事
demand
that...要求……
demand
sth.of/from
sb.向某人要求某物
demand(要求)作动词，后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气；demand
(要求)作名词时，与其相关的名词性从句亦应用虚拟语气。两种情况下，从句谓语形式均为“(should＋)动词原形”。
“一二三四”记“虚拟”
表示“命令；要求；劝告”的词归纳(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句中需用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可省略)：
一坚持：insist
二命令：order;
command
三建议：advise;
suggest;
propose
四要求：request;
require;
demand;
desire
单句语法填空
①He
was
a
successful
lecturer,
much
______
demand.
②She
demanded
_________(see)
her
sick
mother
in
hospital.
③He
demands
that
he
____________________(tell)
everything.
in
to
see
(should)
be
told
完成句子
④It
is
impossible
___________________________.
满足你所有的要求是不可能的。
⑤Our
English
teacher
______________________________________
_______________.
我们的英语老师要求我们每天早晨大声朗读课文。
to
satisfy
all
your
demands
demands
that
we
should
read
the
text
aloud
every
morning
He
gave
a
full
description
of
the
accident.
他详细地描述了那场事故。
4．description
n．描写(文字)；形容
beyond
description难以描述；无法形容
give
a
description
of...描述……
describe
v．描写；描述
describe...as/to
be...把……描述成……
单句语法填空
①The
beauty
of
my
hometown
is
beyond
_______________(describe)．
②He
gave
us
a
brief
_______________(describe)
of
the
problem.
description
description
I
found
it
difficult
to
relate
the
two
ideas
in
my
mind.
我觉得很难把这两种想法联系在一起。
She
relates
her
childhood
experiences
in
the
first
chapters.
在开始的几章中，她讲述了自己童年的经历。
It
is
difficult
to
relate
these
results
with
any
known
cause.
这些结果很难与任何已知的原因联系在一起。
5．relate
v．联系；讲述
relate
to与……相关；涉及；谈到
relate...to...把……和……联系起来
related
adj.有关的
be
related
to
sb./sth.与某人/某事物有关的，相联系的
relation
n．关系；联系；亲戚
relative
n．亲戚 adj.相对的
relativity
n．相对性
单句语法填空
①Can
you
relate
what
happened
in
your
childhood
______
your
present
state
of
mind?
②Many
people
die
of
diseases
___________(relate)
to
smoking.
③These
two
events
were
related
______
each
other.
to
related
to
Lennox
has
taken
the
point
of
view
that
money
is
not
everything.
伦诺克斯认为金钱不是一切。
From
my
point
of
view
this
book
is
worth
reading
carefully.
在我看来，这本书值得仔细阅读。
In
my
point
of
view,
he
is
such
a
wonderful
man.
依我之见，他人特别好。
重
点
短
语
1．point
of
view观点；看法
单句语法填空
①Try
to
look
at
this
________
my
point
of
view.
②______
my
opinion，my
best
friend
changed
my
attitude
towards
life.
from
In
He
used
to
smoke.
他过去常常抽烟。
There
used
to
be
low
and
dirty
houses.
那里曾有些又矮又脏的房舍。
2．used
to
do
sth.过去常常做某事
used
to的疑问句和否定句要使用助动词did，此时要用原形use；疑问句也可把used提前，否定句用used
not
to。
—Did
he
use
to
live
in
the
countryside?
——他过去常住在乡下吗？
—Yes，he
did./No，he
didn’t.
——是的，他常住在乡下。/不，他不常住在乡下。
容易混淆的三个used句型
used
to
do
表示过去惯常的动作或常存在的状态，仅用一般过去时
be
used
to
表示“习惯于……”，to为介词，后接(动)名词
be
used
to
do
为被动语态，表示“被用来做……”
Mr.
White
used
to
live
in
China，so
he
is
used
to
Chinese
dishes.
怀特先生过去常住在中国，所以习惯吃中国菜。
Cloth
is
used
to
make
clothes.
布料被用来做衣服。
完成句子
①He
_______________
after
supper,
but
now
he
___________________
a
walk
with
his
friend.
他过去常在晚饭后看电视，但现在他习惯了和他的朋友散步。
②Computers
_______________
many
things
for
people
now.
现在计算机被用来为人们做许多事情。
used
to
watch
TV
is/has
got
used
to
taking
are
used
to
do
单句语法填空
③Sand
has
been
used
__________(draw)
pictures
since
ancient
times.
④He
used
__________(live)
in
Paris
but
now
has
got
used
to
__________
(live)
in
Beijing.
to
draw
to
live
living
Lucy
always
has
trouble
with
her
brother.
露西经常跟她哥哥闹矛盾。
We’re
having
a
lot
of
trouble
with
the
new
computer
system.
我们的新电脑系统有许多问题。
3．have
trouble
with...在某方面有困难
have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.做某事方面有困难
take
trouble
to
do
sth.不辞辛苦地做某事
in
trouble处于困境中
have
difficulty
with
sth.在某事方面有困难
have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.做某事有困难
在上述结构中trouble为不可数名词。
单句语法填空
①The
old
people
who
are
______
trouble
need
our
help.
②They
always
treat
me
as
a
family
member
and
often
take
trouble
________(do)
me
a
favor.
③The
boy
leading
the
way,
we
had
no
trouble
___________(find)
the
strange
cave.
④In
one
of
my
classes
were
many
children
who
had
great
difficulty
________
schoolwork,
especially
reading.
in
to
do
finding
with
Meanwhile
you
have
to
prepare
the
next
question
depending
on
what
the
person
says.
同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。
You
may
depend
on/upon
her
arriving
on
time.
你可以相信她会准时到来。
Children
depend
on
their
parents
for
food
and
clothing.
孩子们依靠父母供给衣食。
4．depend
on依靠；依赖；指望；取决于；视……而定
depend
on/upon
sb.to
do
sth.依靠某人做某事
depend
on/upon
sb.’s
doing
sth.相信/指望某人做某事
depend
on/upon
sb.for
sth.靠某人供给某物
depend
on/upon
it
that...请相信……
That
depends./It
all
depends.视情况而定。
—Is
Tom
coming?
——汤姆来吗？
—That
depends.He
may
not
have
time.
——那要看情况。他不一定有时间。
depend
on后面不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，通常要用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放在后面。
单句语法填空
①I’m
planning
to
hold
a
party
in
the
open
air，but
I
can
make
no
guarantees
(保证)
because
it
depends
______
the
weather.
②It
is
known
to
us
all
that
all
living
things
depend
______
the
sun
for
their
growth.
on
on
重
点
句
型
1．When
I
listen
to
native
English
speakers
talking
in
a
video,
I
can
catch
only
a
few
words.
当我听视频里的以英语为母语者说英语的时候，我只能听懂几个单词。
(2)“感官动词(词组)＋宾语＋宾补”结构
感官动词(词组)see，look
at，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen
to，feel等的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：
(宾语与构成宾补的动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系)
(宾语与构成宾补的动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系)
Did
you
notice
a
girl
in
red
enter
the
building?
你注意到一位穿红色衣服的女孩走进楼里面了吗？
Why
do
you
stand
and
watch
them
fighting?
你为什么站着看他们打架？
When
I
got
home,
I
saw
the
window
broken.
我到家时，看到窗户被打破了。
在“感官动词(词组)＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，主动语态中作宾补的不定式不带to，但在被动语态中to要还原。
She
is
often
heard
to
sing
songs.
经常有人听到她唱歌。
单句语法填空
①Yesterday,
Jack
and
I
were
walking
down
the
street
when
we
saw
an
old
man
________(fall)
off
his
bike.
②(四川高考改编)
The
manager
was
satisfied
to
see
many
new
products
_____________(develop)
after
great
effort.
③As
a
child,
she
used
to
listen
to
birds
___________(sing)
in
the
trees.
④A
tall
young
man
was
noticed
__________(take)
the
bike
away.
fall
developed
singing
to
take
Would/Do
you
mind...？是礼貌用语，意为“你介意……吗？”“劳驾你……？”“(你)可以……吗？”。用do比较直接，用would则语气比较委婉。在使用时要注意mind后可跟动名词、动名词复合结构或if从句，不跟不定式。在“Would
you
mind
if...？”中从句常用一般过去时；而在“Do
you
mind
if...？”句型中，if从句常用一般现在时。
2．Would
you
mind
opening
the
window，please?
打开窗户，你介意吗？
Would
you
mind
my
opening
the
window?
＝Would
you
mind
if
I
opened
the
window?
你介意我打开窗户吗？
Do
you
mind
if
I
smoke?
我吸烟你不介意吧？
在回答Would/Do
you
mind...？问句时，如果表示“不反对或不介意”，常用“No,
not
at
all/certainly
not/please
do/go
ahead.”等；表示“介意”，则用“I’m
sorry,
but
I
do/I’d
rather
you
didn’t/you’d
better
not.”等来回答。
单句语法填空
①Do
you
mind
__________(give)
me
a
glass
of
water?
②Would
you
mind
my
___________(smoke)
here?
giving
smoking (共25张PPT)
UNIT
5
LANGUAGES
AROUND
THE
WORLD
Sectiom
Ⅳ 写作指导
写作方法指导
夯基提能作业
写作方法指导
写作储备
阅读教材P66的发在网上的帖子，提炼一篇针对学习问题提出建议的博客的写作特点。
Ⅰ．写作格式
有两种格式
1．正式的博客：文章包括标题、日期、分类和正文。
2．非正式的博客：没有标题、日期和分类，只有正文。
写一封针对学习问题提建议和求助的博客
Ⅳ．写作常用词汇
1．have
trouble/difficulty
with
sth.在某方面有困难
2．find
it
difficult
to
do
sth.发现做某事很难
3．my
biggest
difficulty/headache我最大的问题
4．give/offer
sb.some
advice给某人一些建议
5．help
sb.with
sth.在某方面帮助某人
6．suggest/advise
doing
sth.建议做某事
7．listen
to
English
programmes听语言节目
8．enlarge/increase
one’s
vocabulary扩大某人的词汇量
9．pay
attention
to
grammar注意语法
10．practice
speaking
Chinese
with
native
speakers和以汉语为母语的人练习说汉语
Ⅴ.写作常用句型
1．I
used
to
do
well
in
math,
but
now
I’m
having
difficulty
working
out
some
exercises.
我过去数学很好，但是现在我在计算一些练习题方面有困难。
2．I
think
you’d
better
take
down
notes
while
listening.
我认为你最好边听边记笔记。
3．Speak
English
every
day
to
achieve
your
greater
fluency.
每天说英语使你说英语更流利。
4．If
you
often
practice
giving
speeches
in
English,
you
will
get
your
oral
English
improved.
如果你经常练习用英语做演讲，你就会提高你的英语口语。
5．Please
give
me
some
help.
请给我一些帮助。
典例剖析
假如你是李华，你在网上看到李明发的帖子，他说他的英语口语不好，希望得到大家的帮助，你给他回帖。内容要点提示：
1．给李明提建议；
2．你的练习英语口语的成功做法；
3．你在英语学习中遇到的困难一并请求帮助。
注意：词数80左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ．定框架
→好的开始，成功的一半
体裁
应用文
人称
第一、二人称为主
时态
一般现在时为主
框架
首段：针对李明的问题提出建议
中段：自己的问题
尾段：求助
Ⅱ．定要点、关键词及动词时态
→打造一篇要点全面、用词准确得体、时态多样的作文
要点一：我过去常常遇到这样的问题。
___________________________
要点二：现在我英语说得很好。
________________________
要点三：当我回放它时，我比较那些演讲者的发音和我的发音。
__________________________________________________________________
I
used
to
meet
such
a
problem.
Now
I
speak
English
well.
When
I
play
it
back,
I
compare
the
pronunciation
of
the
speakers
with
mine.
要点四：我尽可能经常地在公共场合练习说英语。
_____________________________________________________
要点五：这帮助我获得自信和流利的英语。
_______________________________________
要点六：我知道大多数单词的意思。
_______________________________
要点七：我不能理解整个句子。
_____________________________________
I
practice
speaking
English
in
public
as
often
as
possible.
This
helps
me
gain
confidence
and
fluency.
I
know
the
meanings
of
most
words.
I
can’t
understand
the
whole
sentence.
Ⅲ．词汇、句式升级→创造极优作文的倩词靓句
升级句式一：用but连接要点一和要点二
__________________________________________________
升级句式二：用现在分词作状语改写要点三
___________________________________________________________
I
used
to
meet
such
a
problem
but
now
I
speak
English
well.
Playing
it
back,
I
compare
the
pronunciation
of
the
speakers
with
mine.
升级句式三：以要点四为主句，把要点五改为which引导的非限制性定语从句
___________________________________________________________________________________________
升级句式四：把要点六改为though引导的状语从句；要点七为主句
________________________________________________________________________
I
practice
speaking
English
in
public
as
often
as
possible,
which
helps
me
gain
confidence
and
fluency.
Though
I
know
the
meanings
of
most
words,
I
can’t
understand
the
whole
sentence.
Ⅳ．组建极优作文
→水到渠成的成就感：动力的源泉
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Hi,
Li
Ming!
How
to
improve
your
spoken
English
is
really
a
problem.
I
used
to
meet
such
a
problem
but
now
I
speak
English
well.
I
listen
to
high－quality
spoken
English
every
day
and
record
my
own
speech.
Playing
it
back,
I
compare
the
pronunciation
of
the
speakers
with
mine
and
correct
my
wrong
pronunciation.
Besides,
I
practice
speaking
English
in
public
as
often
as
possible,
which
helps
me
gain
confidence
and
fluency.
I
hope
these
suggestions
will
benefit
you.
However,
I
have
trouble
in
reading.
Though
I
know
the
meanings
of
most
words,
I
can’t
understand
the
whole
sentence
because
of
some
set
phrases
and
idioms.
Any
advice?
I
am
eager
for
your
help.
加拿大高中生David在互联网上发了一个帖子，希望结识一位中国朋友，以便学习中国的语言和文化。假设你是李华，请在看到这则帖子后，用英文给David发一封电子邮件，主要内容包括：
1．你怎样得知David的愿望；
2．你愿意成为他的朋友；
3．你打算如何帮助他；
4．你盼望他的回复。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．电子邮件的格式已为你写好，不计入总词数。
I
will
try
to
write
to
you
as
often
as
possible
about
the
Chinese
culture.
When
you
have
the
chance
to
come
to
China,
I’ll
teach
you
how
to
speak
Chinese
and
show
you
around
some
famous
historical
places
of
interest.
Anyway,
I
am
going
to
help
you
as
much
as
I
can.
How
do
you
find
it?
I’m
looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Yours，
Li
Hua(共11张PPT)
Unit
5
LANGUAGES
AROUND
THE
WORLD
单元核心素养
单元话题导读
单元核心素养
单元话题导读
特朗普在一次访华期间，播放了孙女阿拉贝拉演唱《我们的田野》和《我的好妈妈》的视频。6岁的阿拉贝拉还通过背诵儒学启蒙读本《三字经》以及李白的两首古诗《望庐山瀑布》和《早发白帝城》展示了自己对中国文学的了解。
有很多外国名人和他们的孩子学习汉语。越来越浓厚的兴趣来自他们对中国文化的热爱。当然，中国的经济和社会发展是许多海外人士对中国语言和文化如此感兴趣的一个主要原因。
外国孩子热衷于学习汉语
Nowadays,
with
the
development
of
China,
Chinese
is
becoming
an
important
language
in
the
world.
More
and
more
children
in
foreign
countries
are
learning
Chinese,
especially
in
rich
families.
Foreign
kids
are
keen
on
learning
Chinese
During
one
of
Trump’s
visits
to
China,
he
showed
the
video
of
his
granddaughter
Arabella
singing
Our
Fields,
Beautiful
Fields
and
My
Good
Mom.
The
six－year－old
also
displayed
her
knowledge
about
Chinese
literature
by
reciting
Three－Character
Scripture,
a
Confucianist
volume(一卷)to
educate
young
children,
and
two
ancient
poems
of
Li
Bai,
Watching
the
Fall
of
Lushan
Mountain
and
Departing
from
Baidi
City
in
the
Morning.
Billionaire
Mark
Zuckerberg
picked
up
Mandarin
(普通话)
a
few
years
ago,
and
improved
so
much
that
he
was
able
to
do
a
30－minute
question
and
answer
session(一段时间)
in
the
language.
His
wife,
Priscilla
Chan,
speaks
fluent
Cantonese(粤语).
The
couple
have
already
introduced
Mandarin
into
the
house
for
their
daughters.
Mark
has
spent
a
large
sum
of
money
for
a
babysitter
who
can
speak
Chinese.
When
Prince
George
in
Britain
began
his
first
day
of
school
at
four,
he
was
taught
Mandarin.
Spanish
Princess
Leonor
and
Princess
Sofia
have
learned
Chinese
for
years,
too.
……
There
is
a
long
list
of
foreign
celebrities
(名人)
and
their
children
learning
Chinese.
The
growing
enthusiasm
comes
from
their
love
for
Chinese
culture.
And
of
course,
China’s
economic
and
social
development
is
a
major
reason
why
many
people
overseas
are
so
interested
in
Chinese
language
and
culture.
