(共21张PPT)
第二部分 基础语法突破
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加?s
cake－cakes
day－days
bed－beds
以?s，?x，?sh，?ch等结尾的词
加?es
bus－buses
box－boxes
以辅音字母加?y结尾的词
变y为i，再加?es
baby－babies
city－cities
以元音字母加?y结尾的词
加?s
toy－toys
monkey－monkeys
以f(fe)结尾的词
变f(fe)为ves
leaf－leaves
wolf－wolves
以?ce，?se，?ze，?(d)ge等结尾的词
加?s
face－faces
orange－oranges
不规则变化
改变单数名词中的元音字母
man－men
foot－feet
单复数形式相同
fish－fish
sheep－sheep
其他形式
mouse－mice
方法
例词
(1)有些物质名词在表达特殊意义时，可转化为可数名词，前面可用不定冠词修饰
paper纸－a
paper一张报纸；一份试卷；一篇论文
wind风－a
wind一场风
snow雪－a
snow一场雪
a
drink一杯饮料
(2)抽象名词一般为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体事物时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，叫抽象名词具体化
failure失败－a
failure失败的人或事
success成功－a
success成功的人或事
shock吃惊－a
shock令人吃惊的人或事
(3)专有名词一般视为不可数名词，有时也可用作可数名词，可以由a/an修饰或用复数形式
a
Thomas
Edison!
一个托马斯·爱迪生式的人物
A
Tom一个叫汤姆的人
后缀
形式
含义
例词
?ation/
?ition/
?sion/
?(t)ion
与动词结合
行为；状态
graduation毕业
competition竞争
conclusion结论
contribution贡献
?ar/?er
?or
与动词结合
动作的发出者
writer作家
director导演
beggar乞丐
?ist
与动词、形容词、名词结合
从事……的人
cyclist骑自行车的人
journalist记者
scientist科学家
?ery
与动词、名词或形容词结合
行为；状态；场所
discovery发现
bravery勇气
fishery渔场
?ship
与名词或形容词结合
性质；状态；地位
hardship艰难
friendship友谊
leadership领导地位
scholarship奖学金
?y
与动词或形容词结合
状态；过程
difficulty困难
inquiry询问
?th
与形容词或动词结合
结果；过程；性质；状态
warmth温暖
truth真相
growth生长
?al
与动词结合
人；物；行为
arrival到达
approval同意
?ness
与形容词结合
性质；状态；特点
illness疾病
awareness意识
silliness愚蠢
?age
与名词或动词结合
结果；状态
package包裹
marriage婚姻
?ing
与动词结合
产物；结果
painting绘画(作品)
saying格言
?dom
与形容词或名词结合
状况；状态；地位；领域
freedom自由
kingdom王国Ⅰ.在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
1．Whenever
I
made
mistakes,
the
teacher
pointed
them
out
with
________
(patient)．
解析：句意：无论什么时候我犯错，老师都耐心地把它们指出来。介词with后应接名词，patience“耐心”。
答案：patience
2．The
US
government
has
taken
________
(measure)
to
prevent
the
campus
violence
from
taking
place.
解析：句意：美国政府已经采取措施阻止校园暴力的发生。take
measures“采取措施”，为固定搭配。
答案：measures
3．Does
anyone
know
the
title
________
the
novel?
解析：句意：有人知道这部小说的书名吗？该句考查of短语构成的名词所有格。
答案：of
4．Don't
try
to
persuade
your
boss;
he
won't
have
the
________
(intent)
of
employing
me—a
fresh
student.
解析：句意：不要试图说服你的老板，他不会打算聘用我这样一个应届毕业生的。intention“打算，意图”；have
the
intention
of
doing
sth.“有干某事的打算”。
答案：intention
5．—Do
you
think
I
should
wear
a
hat
to
the
party?
—It
all
depends
on
your
own
________
(prefer)．
解析：句意：——你认为我应该戴顶帽子去参加聚会吗？——这完全取决于你的个人喜好。preference“偏爱，优先权”，符合句意。
答案：preference
6．In
fact,
the
renovation
is
just
one
move
in
a
huge
project
to
improve
Chinese
teachers'
housing
________
(conditional)
in
recent
years.
解析：句意：事实上，这项变革只是最近几年提高中国教师住房条件的大项目的一小步。condition表示“条件，状况”，且根据句意可知，应用名词复数形式conditions。
答案：conditions
7．Bob's
________
(sister)
birthday
is
May
1st.
解析：句意：鲍勃姐姐的生日是5月1日。根据句意可知，应用所有格形式。
答案：sister's
8．One's
dream
and
________
(ambitious)
greatly
depend
on
one's
experience.
解析：句意：一个人的梦想和抱负很大程度上取决于他的经历。ambitious“有野心的”。这里应填其名词形式ambition“抱负”，作主语。
答案：ambition
9．Simple
________
(direct)for
fitting
the
model
together
are
printed
on
the
box.
解析：句意：安装这个模型的简要说明印在了盒子上。由simple可知空格处填名词，且根据后面的are可知，空格处应填名词复数directions。directions“用法说明，操作指南”。
答案：directions
10．The________
(possible)that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to
explore
the
outer
space.
解析：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其他星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外太空。故填possibility。
答案：possibility
11．After
that
incident
she
started
to
devote
all
her
________
(energetic)
to
teaching
rather
than
performing.
解析：句意：那起事件过后，她开始将所有精力投入到教学中而不是表演。energy“体力，精力”；
devote
one's
energy
to...“把精力投入……中”。
答案：energy
12．Try
to
understand
what's
actually
happening
instead
of
acting
on
the
________(assume)you've
made.
解析：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。
故选assumption
。
答案：assumption
13．A
modern
library
is
being
built
in
our
school
so
that
we
students
will
have
________
(accessible)
to
good
books.
解析：句意：我们学校正在建设一个现代化的图书馆，以便学生能够阅读到好书。access“入口，机会，进入”；have
access
to固定词组，意为“可接近……；可获得……”，符合句意。故空格处填access。
答案：access
14．In
1863
the
first
underground
passenger
railway
in
the
world
opened
in
London.It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible________(crowd)
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
from
work.
解析：考查名词的数。crowd前没有冠词、指示代词和形容词性人称代词，故用复数形式。
答案：crowds
15．But
for
tourists
like
me，pandas
are
its
top________(attract)．
解析：句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。
答案：attraction
16．The
fire
was
finally
brought
under
control,
but
not
before
heavy
________
(lose)
had
been
caused.
解析：句意：大火终于被控制了，但是在此之前已造成了严重的损失。loss名词“损失”，在句中作主语。
答案：loss
17．Then，handle
the
most
important
tasks
first
so
you'll
feel
a
real
sense
of
________(achieve)．
解析：句意：然后，首先处理最重要的任务，那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。
答案：achievement
18．Recent
________(study)show
that
we
are
far
more
productive
at
work
if
we
take
short
breaks
regularly.
解析：句意：最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话，我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词，本句的谓语动词为show，说明主语应用名词复数studies。
答案：studies
19．Some
people
think
that
the
great
Chinese
scholar
Confucius，who
lived
from
roughly
551
to
479
B．C.，influenced
the
________
(develop)of
chopsticks.
解析：句意：一些人认为大约生活于公元前551年到479年间的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。根据空格前的the可知，所填词应用名词形式。故填development。
答案：development
20．Any
smell
might
attract
natural
________(enemy)that
would
try
to
eat
the
little
panda.
解析：句意：任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人。根据常识可知，此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人”，故填可数名词enemy的复数形式。
答案：enemies
21．It
is
important
to
pay
your
electricity
bill
on
time，as
late
________(pay)may
affect
your
credit.
解析：句意：准时付电费很重要，因为支付晚了会影响你的信用。前面有形容词late修饰，此处应用名词形式，payment可用作可数名词，所以用复数形式。
答案：payments
22．Some
fruits
are
so
easily
harvested
in
this
area
that
they
are
never
of
great
________
(valuable)．
解析：句意：有些水果在这个地区是如此容易收获以至于它们从来都没有太大的价值。be
of
great
value意为“很有价值”，相当于be
very
valuable。
答案：value
23．We
can
achieve
a
lot
when
we
learn
to
let
our
________
(different)unite，rather
than
divide
us.
解析：句意：当我们学会“求同存异”，而不是“分崩离析”的时候，我们就能获得很多。物主代词our后面接名词，这里是指“我们的差异”，所以用复数形式。
答案：differences
24．He
gave
himself
a
new
name
to
hide
his
________(identical)
when
he
went
to
carry
out
the
secret
task.
解析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。
根据空格前的形容词性所有格his可知，其后应该用名词。故填identity。
答案：identity
25．The
________
(similar)
between
Mars
and
Earth
are
enough
to
keep
alive
hopes
of
some
form
of
Martian
life.
解析：句意：火星和地球之间的诸多相似之处足以让人们对火星上存在某种生物抱以希望。similarity“类似，相似点”，符合句意。谓语动词是are，故用名词复数形式。
答案：similarities
26．The
course
aims
to
develop
the
children's
________
(appreciate)
of
music.
解析：句意：该课程旨在培养孩子对音乐的欣赏能力。appreciation名词“欣赏，鉴别”，符合句意。
答案：appreciation
27．There
is
no
need
to
tell
me
your
answer
now.Give
it
some
________(think)and
then
let
me
know.
解析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。
这里指让对方再好好想想。根据空格前有some，故填名词thought。
答案：thought
28．At
the
graduation
ceremony,
the
headmaster
required
the
graduates
to
raise
their
competitive
________
(aware)
in
modern
society.
解析：句意：毕业典礼上校长要求毕业生们在现代社会中要增强竞争意识。competitive
awareness“竞争意识”。
答案：awareness
29．—Go
and
say
sorry
to
your
Mom，Dave.
—I'd
like
to，but
I'm
afraid
she
won't
be
happy
with
my
________(apology)．
解析：句意：——Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。——我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。
英语中，给别人的祝贺(congratulations)、祝福(wishes)、感谢(thanks)、道歉(apologies)和问候(greetings)等都要用复数形式。故填apologies。
答案：apologies
30．Some
schools
will
have
to
make
________(adjustment)
in
agreement
with
the
national
soccer
reform.
解析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校不得不做出调整。空格前没有指示代词、形容词性所有格和冠词，可知此处用复数形式。故adjustments
。
答案：adjustments
Ⅱ.语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Robots
used
for
housework
were
tested
out
in
some
1.________
(family).
Tony,
one
of
the
robots,
looked
like
2.________
tall
and
handsome
man
with
smooth
black
hair,
speaking
in
a
deep
voice.
Larry
was
going
to
be
away
from
home.
Also,
3.________
(curious)
drove
him
to
have
a
try
on
such
a
new
thing.
So
he
hired
a
robot
to
accompany
his
wife
Claire.
Claire
didn't
like
the
idea
at
the
beginning,
but
she
agreed
to
it
at
last.
At
the
first
sight
of
Tony,
Claire
felt
embarrassed.
Gradually,
Tony
began
to
win
the
4.________
(hostess)
trust.He
helped
Claire
realize
her
dreams
by
making
her
home
elegant,
giving
her
a
new
haircut,
changing
the
makeup
she
wore
and
giving
her
5.________
(advise)
on
her
6.________
(person)
dresses.
Therefore
at
the
party
all
her
guests
who
were
invited
were
filled
with
7.________
(admire)
when
they
saw
her
house
was
completely
changed.
After
the
test,
the
company
was
satisfied
with
8.________
(Tony)
report
and
believed
it
was
9.________
success
because
he
had
successfully
made
a
woman
regain
her
10.________
(confident)
and
fall
in
love
with
him.
答案：1.families 2.a 3.curiosity
4．hostess' 5.advice 6.personal
7．admiration 8.Tony's 9.a
10．confidence
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)
1．It
was
a
difficult
job
for
him.He
had
tried
everything
but
it
made
little
different.
_______________________________________________________
解析：考查名词。make
little
difference意为“没有多大区别”，为固定结构。类似的结构还有：make
no
difference“没有影响”；make
a
difference“有影响，起重要作用”。故把different改为difference。
答案：different改为difference
2．Jianbing，one
of
the
most
popular
snacks
in
China，appeals
to
almost
everyone
in
America
and
has
become
new
hit
foods
there.
_______________________________________________________
解析：考查名词。此处food是不可数名词，不能用复数。句意为：煎饼是中国最受欢迎的小吃之一。它几乎吸引了每一个美国人并且已成为那里新的风行一时的食品。hit在此处为名词，意为“成功而轰动(或风行)一时的人或物”。
答案：foods改为food
3．The
computer
system
crashed
and
I
lost
three
hour's
worth
of
work.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：电脑系统瘫痪了，我失去了三个小时的工作价值。三个小时为复数概念，因此hour应用复数形式。
答案：hour's→hours'
4．Time
and
time
again
she
was
warned
of
the
consequence
of
her
action.
_______________________________________________________
解析：考查名词。句意：她一次又一次地被警告要注意她的行为的后果。根据“Time
and
time
again
”可知此处需用复数形式。故把consequence改为consequences。
答案：consequence改为consequences
5．It
is
important
to
pay
your
electricity
bill
on
time，as
late
payments
may
affect
your
credits.
_______________________________________________________
解析：考查名词。句意为：按时支付电子账单是很重要的，因为延期支付会影响你的信用。credit做“信誉，信用”讲时是不可数名词。故把credits改成credit。
答案：credits改成credit
6．True
happiness
does
not
lie
in
the
possessions
of
money，but
the
joy
of
achievement.
_______________________________________________________
解析：考查名词。possession“占有，拥有”，是不可数名词。句意为：真正的幸福不在于金钱的占有，而在于取得成就的喜悦。故把possessions
改成
possession。
答案：possessions改成possession
7．I
have
an
appoint
with
Dr.Smith,
but
I
need
to
change
it.
_______________________________________________________
解析：have
an
appointment
with
sb.意为“与某人有个约会/预约”。
答案：appoint→appointment
8．Often
she
buys
some
toy
for
him
to
play
with,
especially
on
his
birthday.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：她经常为他买一些玩具来玩，尤其是在他的生日那天。some意为“一些”，故需将后面的名词toy改为复数形式。
答案：toy→toys
9．The
book
which
you
bought
yesterday
are
so
interesting.
_______________________________________________________
解析：考查名词。根据后面的“are”可知book应该用复数形式。故把book
改成
books。
答案：book改成books
10．Visiting
an
apple
event
is
a
good
chance
to
see，and
often
taste
a
wide
variety
of
apple.
_______________________________________________________
解析：考查名词。a
variety
of
“各种各样的”要修饰可数名词复数，故把apple改成
apples。
答案：apple改成apples
11．The
life
of
these
people
have
finally
been
recorded
thanks
to
the
effects
of
a
Frenchman
from
Paris
called
Gin.
_______________________________________________________
解析：考查名词。后面的谓语动词是have
been，可知life
应该用复数形式。故把life改成
lives。句意：多亏了一位来自巴黎叫金恩的法国人的影响，这些人的生活终于被记录下来了。
答案：life改成lives
12．As
is
known
to
us
all,
remembering
English
words
are
not
easy.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句子主语为动名词短语remembering
English
words，故其谓语动词要用单数。
答案：are→is
13．The
company
has
got
lots
of
new
equipments.
_______________________________________________________
解析：考查名词。equipment“设备”是不可数名词，故把equipments改成equipment。
答案：equipments改成equipment
14．Each
student
should
make
good
preparation
for
the
College
Entrance
Examination.
_______________________________________________________
解析：preparation为可数名词；make
preparations
for...“为……做准备”，固定搭配。
答案：preparation→preparations
15．As
a
consequent,
he
was
sentenced
to
death
for
murder.
_______________________________________________________
解析：consequent是形容词“随之发生的，必然的”；consequence是名词“结果”。as
a
consequence“因此”，为固定短语。
答案：consequent→consequence
