(共19张PPT)
第二部分 基础语法突破
说明
if条件句谓语
主句谓语
例如
与现在事实相反
动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)
would/should/could/might＋动词原形
If
I
were
you,
I
would
go
with
him.
如果我是你，我就和他一起去。
与过去
事实相反
had＋过去分词
would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词
If
you
had
studied
harder
last
term,
you
could
have
passed
the
exam.
如果上学期你学习更努力的话，你考试就会及格了。
与将来事实相反
动词的过去式、should＋动词原形、were
to＋动词原形
would/should/could/might＋动词原形
If
it
snowed
tomorrow,
we
would
take
photos.
如果明天下雪，我们就照相。
考点清单
KAODIAN
QINGDANⅠ.在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
1．My
room
is
a
mess，but
I
__________not
clean
it
before
I
go
out
tonight.I
can
do
it
in
the
morning.
解析：考查情态动词。句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以每天早晨打扫。故填need。
答案：need
2．Why
didn't
you
tell
me
about
your
trouble
last
week？If
you
________(tell)me，I
could
have
helped.
解析：句意：上个星期你为什么不告诉我你的麻烦事？如果你告诉我了，我就能帮你。根据句意和相关信息判断，条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设，此时从句用过去完成时，主句谓语用“情态动词＋have
done”形式。
答案：had
told
3．You
________
be
Carol.You
haven't
changed
a
bit
after
all
these
years.
解析：句意为：你一定是卡罗尔。这么多年后你一点儿都没变。根据语境可知，此处应该用情态动词表示推测，由下文“这么多年后你一点儿也没变”可推知此处为非常肯定的猜测，故填must，意为“一定”。
答案：must
4．He
________
sleep，although
he
tried
to，when
he
got
on
such
a
hunt
for
an
idea
until
he
had
caught
it.
解析：考查情态动词。句意：尽管他想努力睡着，但还是无法入眠。此时他就开始寻找睡着的办法，直到找到为止。根据语境可知，他显然是“不能”入睡，根据句中的although
he
tried
to可知这里说的是过去的事情，所以用cannot的过去式。
答案：couldn't
5．The
door
________
open，no
matter
how
hard
she
pushed.
解析：考查情态动词。句意：无论她怎样用力推，这扇门就是打不开。根据句意可知，wouldn't
用于表示过去的否定句中时，表示拒绝，可译为“不肯/愿意，总是不”等。这里门好像有了意愿一样和她作对，这是一种拟人的用法。
答案：wouldn't
6．I'm
going
to
Europe
on
vacation
together
with
John
if
I
________
find
the
money.
解析：考查情态动词。句意：如果我现在能有足够的钱，我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。本题考查情态动词表能力。can能够符合题意，故填can。
答案：can
7．The
fire
spread
through
the
hotel
very
quickly
but
everyone
was
able________get
out.
解析：考查情态动词。was
able
to表示经过努力能够做到，强调成功。句意：大火很快蔓延了整个宾馆，但是大家都成功地离开了。根据语境可知，强调成功地逃出，故填to。
答案：to
【特别提醒】 表示“能力”的情态动词有：can，could，be
able
to
(1)情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在时can和过去式could，而be
able
to有多种时态形式。
Mary
can
play
the
piano.She
has
been
able
to
play
it
since
she
was
five.
玛丽会弹钢琴，她5岁起就会弹了。
(2)表示过去能力时，was/were
able
to表示经过一番努力后取得了成功。相当于manage
to
do或succeed
in
doing，而could没有这个含义。
Yesterday
I
was
able
to
get
home
before
the
heavy
rain.
昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。
8．—The
fire
in
the
supermarket
last
night
was
terrible!
—They
________
have
taken
some
measures
to
prevent
it
occurring.
解析：句意为“——超市昨晚的火灾很可怕。——他们本应该采取一些措施来预防火灾”。这里表示“应该做某事而实际上未做”，所以用should
have
done结构。
答案：should
9．One
of
our
rules
is
that
every
student
________
wear
school
uniform
while
at
school.
解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：我们有一项规定，每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。此处shall表示按照法律、条例、规定必须要做的事情。
答案：shall
10．I
________
not
use
a
clock
to
wake
me
up
because
at
six
o'clock
each
morning
the
train
comes
by
my
house.
解析：句意：我不必用钟表唤醒自己，因为火车每天早上六点经过我的房子。根据原因状语从句的内容可知此处表示的是“不必”。故填need。
答案：need
11．—I
don't
care
what
people
think.
—Well，you________．
解析：句意：——我不介意别人怎么想。——噢，你应该那么做。根据语境可知，应选should，意为“应该”，表示一种建议，劝说。
答案：should
【特别提醒】 表示“必要性”的情态动词通常有：must，should，ought
to，have
to
(1)ought
to与should意思大体相同，但ought
to语气比should重，往往表示从法律或道义上“应该”。
You
are
his
father
and
ought
to
take
care
of
him.
你是他父亲，应当照顾他。(有责任，从道义上应该)
Young
people
should
show
respect
to
the
old.
年轻人应该尊重老年人。
(2)have
to表示“必须，不得不”，这个意义与must很接近，但must表示主观意志，而have
to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。
I
told
her
that
she
must
give
up
smoking.
我叫她必须戒烟。
I
have
to
hand
in
my
term
paper
before
5：00
p．m.today.
我今天上午5点前必须交上我的学期论文。
12．The
new
law
states
that
people
________
not
drive
after
drinking
alcohol.
解析：句意：新颁布的法律禁止人们酒后驾车。由题干中的law可知答案为must。
答案：must
13．—Will
you
read
me
a
story，Mummy?
—OK.You
________
have
one
if
you
go
to
bed
as
soon
as
possible.
解析：句意：——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？——好，如果你尽快睡觉，我就给你讲一个。Shall在此处表示“允诺”，故填shall。
答案：shall
【特别提醒】 情态动词“偏义”大本营
(1)表示过去经过努力而成功地做了某件具体的事情时，只能用was/were
able
to，不用could。
(2)must有一种含义，即“偏要”。
(3)shall可以用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人的允诺、命令、警告、威胁等；在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。
(4)will可以表示意愿。will还可以表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等，意为“经常，惯于，总是”。
(5)should表示惊异、意外等情绪，经常用于疑问句和肯定句中，多译为“竟然，居然”。
14．George
can't
________(go)too
far.His
coffee
is
still
warm.
解析：句意：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can't
have
done是对过去的否定推测。
答案：have
gone
15．You________be
careful
with
the
camera.It
costs!
解析：句意为：你必须要小心使用相机。它很贵重！根据下文的It
costs！可知，此处是说话人对使用相机的人提出的要求，must意为“必须”，表示说话人主观上的要求，语气强烈。
答案：must
16．It
________
be
the
vocabulary
that
caused
you
the
problem
in
the
exercise
because
you
know
a
lot
of
words.
解析：考查情态动词。句意：你难以完成那道练习题，不可能是词汇量的原因，因为你掌握了大量的词汇。根据原因状语从句because
you
know
a
lot
of
words可知，主句应该是否定的。此处为对可能性的推测，couldn't
表示“不可能”。
答案：couldn't
17．—What
are
you
doing
this
Saturday?
—I'm
not
sure，but
I
________
go
to
the
Rolling
Stones
concert.
解析：考查情态动词。句意：“你这个周六做什么？”“我不确定，但是我或许会去滚石演唱会。”根据答语的前半句“我不确定”可知，空格处应填表示“可能，或许”意思的词语。
答案：might/may
18．—Good
morning.I've
got
an
appointment
with
Miss
Smith
in
the
Personnel
Department.
—Ah，good
morning.You
________
be
Mrs.Peters.
解析：第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约，那么，下面的人就该回应说，“那您一定就是Mrs.Peter了”，故填must。
答案：must
19．What
do
you
mean，there
are
only
ten
tickets？There
________
be
twelve.
解析：你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗？应该有十二张。should表示“应该，应当”。故填should。
答案：should
20．—________
you
interrupt
now?
Can't
you
see
I'm
on
the
phone?
—Sorry,
Sir,
but
it's
urgent.
解析：根据第二个问句可知，此处应用must,
意为“非要……，偏要……”，用来告诉某人他的举止使你很生气或困扰。
答案：Must
21．I've
ordered
some
pizza,
so
we
________
worry
about
cooking
when
we
get
home
tired.
解析：句意：我已经预订了一些比萨饼，所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做饭的事了。根据句意可知，答案为needn't。
答案：needn't
22．If
he
had
spent
more
time
practising
speaking
English
before,
he
________
(be)
able
to
speak
it
much
better
now.
解析：根据句子结构及时间状语now可知，此题为混合式虚拟语气，主句表示与现在事实相反的假设，故用would/might/
could/
should
be。
答案：would/might/could/should
be
23．If
you
________
(follow)
the
doctor's
advice,
you
would
be
all
right
now.
解析：句意：如果你当初听了医生的建议，你现在就好了。根据句意可知，从句表示的动作与过去事实相反，主句表示的动作与现在事实相反。由此可知，答案为had
followed。
答案：had
followed
24．We
often
hear
that
children
wish
they
________
(be)
grown?ups,
and
that
old
people
wish
to
be
young.
解析：句意：我们经常听到孩子们希望长大，而老人希望年轻。wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气。根据wish可知，空格处是对现在情况的假设，故用were。
答案：were
25．—I
am
sure
I
saw
Brian
in
the
park
this
morning.
—You
________
be
imagining
things.He
left
for
America
last
night.
解析：句意：——我确信今天上午我在公园里见到了布莱恩。——你一定是在胡思乱想。他昨天夜里去美国了。must用于肯定句，意为“一定”，表示非常有把握的推测。
答案：must
26．—I'll
have
to
write
a
report
about
“Jane
Eyre”
next
week,
but
I
haven't
got
the
book
yet.
—Don't
worry.You
________
have
it
by
noon
tomorrow.
解析：句意：——我下周要写一篇关于《简·爱》的报告，但我还没有书呢。——别担心。到明天中午你就会拿到了。shall与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句表示说话者给对方的允诺。
答案：shall
27．I
________
thank
you
too
much
because
without
your
help
I
wouldn't
have
won
the
first
prize.
解析：句意：我都不知道该怎么谢你了。没有你的帮助我不会获得一等奖。can't与too连用，意为“再……也不为过”。
答案：can't
28．It
was
John
who
broke
the
window.Why
are
you
talking
to
me
as
if
I
________
(do)
it?
解析：句意：是约翰打坏的窗户，你为什么和我说呢？好像是我打坏的一样。第一句已经说明是约翰打坏的窗户，所以第二句中as
if后面要用虚拟语气，而且是对过去的虚拟，故填had
done。
答案：had
done
29．Mr.Johnson's
proposal
was
that
we
________
(cancel)
the
examination
and
ask
the
students
to
write
term
papers
instead.
解析：句意：约翰逊先生的提议是我们应该取消考试，而让学生写学期论文。在proposal，suggestion，order，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中一般要使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
答案：(should)cancel
30．Catherine
would
rather
that
she
________
(take)
the
pain
instead
of
her
baby.We
can't
imagine
how
upset
she
was.
解析：句意：凯瑟琳宁愿自己代替她的宝宝受苦。我们难以想象她多么难受。would
rather后面接从句时应用虚拟语气。根据后一句中的how
upset
she
was可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词应用“had＋过去分词”。
答案：had
taken
Ⅱ.情态动词填空
在空白处填入最合适的情态动词。
Despite
the
fact
that
you
1.________
wear
school
uniform
every
day,
you
2.________
still
find
yourself
a
place
at
the
cutting
edge(领先地位)
of
fashion.
From
coloured
shoelaces
to
special
snacks(零食),
this
is
what
the
cool
kids
in
your
class
believe
in
for
the
summer.
It
3.________
not
be
practical
for
you
to
have
a
new
pair
of
shoes
every
day,
but
moving
from
one
colour
shoelaces
to
another
4.________
show
your
desire
for
a
new
look.Bright
colours—red,
green,
light
gold,
pink,
purple,
are
the
top
choices.
There
are
also
sports
laces
that
come
in
colour
combinations,
such
as
red/white
and
red/black.
You
5.________
even
try
to
lace
up
your
sports
shoes
in
two
colours!
Has
changing
cell
phone
accessories(小挂件)
become
part
of
your
life?
Although
you
6.________
not
be
able
to
afford
the
most
advanced
phone,
you
7.________
still
decorate
it.
Girls
8.________
prefer
fluffy(毛茸茸的)Teddy
Bears
that
change
colour
according
to
the
temperature,
while
many
boys
like
taking
accessories
that
say
things
such
as
“The
teacher
is
coming.”
Try
sticking
photos(大头照).
They
are
cheap,
convenient
and
9.________
be
carried
around
in
your
wallet.
You
10.________
even
choose
special
backgrounds
of
cartoon
figures
to
show
your
individuality(个性)．
答案：1.have
to 2.can 3.may 4.can/will
5．can/may 6.may 7.can 8.may
9．can 10.can/may
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)
1．John，look
at
the
time.Need
you
play
the
piano
at
such
a
late
hour?
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：约翰，看看时间。这么晚了你偏要弹钢琴吗？从说话人的语气判断，含有不满之意。must在此表示特定的语气和态度，意为“偏要，硬要”。故把Need
改为Must。
答案：Need改为Must
2．I
must
not
have
been
more
than
six
years
old
when
the
accident
happened.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：在事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。mustn't意为“一定不能，被禁止”，不能与have
done连用。故把must改为could。
答案：must改为could
3．Would
it
snow，the
crops
would
grow
better.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：如果下雪的话，这些庄稼会长得更好。本题考查与将来事实相反的if条件句，if从句的谓语动词形式为：①过去式；②should＋动词原形；③were
to＋动词原形。与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句中情态动词只用should，不用would
。故把Would改为Should。
答案：Would改为Should
4．The
little
boy
handles
the
vase
as
if
it
is
made
of
steel.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：这个小男孩拿着花瓶好像它是钢制成似的。本题考查虚拟语气，“as
if”意为“好像”，分析句意可知as
if后面的句子需用虚拟语气并且所述事实是对现实情况的假设，因此使用一般过去时，故把is改为were。
答案：is改为were
5．I
wish
I
was
a
bird
and
could
fly
freely
in
the
blue
sky.
_______________________________________________________
解析：wish后的从句应用虚拟语气，根据wish可知，这里应表示与现在情况相反的虚拟语气，在虚拟语气中，be动词的过去式不论人称、不论单复数一律用were。
答案：was→were
6．You
need
have
studied
that
late
last
night.It
was
harmful
to
your
health.
_______________________________________________________
解析：由后面的句子可知，前一句句意为“昨天晚上你不应该学到那么晚”，因此应用need的否定形式。needn't
have
done“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。
答案：need→needn't
7．If
I
was
five
years
younger,
I
would
take
the
job.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：如果我能年轻五岁的话，我就会接受这份工作。
if虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反时，从句谓语动词用were或did，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might＋do”来表示。
答案：was→were
8．If
I
persuaded
him
not
to
do
so,
he
wouldn't
have
made
such
a
serious
mistake.
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解析：根据主句中的wouldn't
have
made可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，因此if从句用过去完成时。
答案：persuaded前加had
9．Jack
is
a
great
talker.It's
high
time
that
he
does
something
instead
of
just
talking.
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解析：“It's
high
time＋that从句”句式中从句用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语用did/should
do，should不可以省略。
答案：does→did/should
do
10．I
should
very
much
like
to
have
gone
to
the
party
but
I
was
invited.
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解析：句意：本来我非常想去参加这个聚会，但是没人邀请我。should
like
to
have
done意为“本想做而未做某事”，由此可知事实是：聚会已经举办过了，当时我“没有”受到邀请。
答案：invited前加not
11．It
has
been
announced
that
students
might
remain
in
their
seats
until
all
the
papers
have
been
collected.
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解析：句意：根据宣布的内容，学生必须待在自己的座位上直到所有的试卷收完为止。shall用于二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者允诺、警告、命令或威胁等语气；此外，当颁布法律、规定时也用shall。此句shall的用法属于后者。
答案：might→shall
12．He
may
be
the
wanted
man:
he
is
exactly
like
the
one
in
this
picture.
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解析：句意：他一定是通缉犯，他太像这张照片上的人。must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。
答案：may→must
13．We
would
as
well
stay
where
we
are,
because
the
outside
is
unsafe.
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解析：句意：我们最好待在现在待的地方，因为外面不安全。“may/might
as
well＋动词原形”为固定用法，意思是“不妨……，还是……好”。
答案：would→may/might
14．It's
so
cold
today.If
it
should
get
warmer
this
afternoon,
I
will
wash
my
car.
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解析：句意：今天真冷。如果今天下午天气变暖的话，我会去洗洗车。后一句中从句时间状语是this
afternoon，表示将来；从句的谓语是“should＋动词原形”，表示与将来事实相反的假设，因此主句谓语用“would＋动词原形”。
答案：will→would
15．If
Rose
hadn't
lost
her
left
leg
in
the
accident
last
year,
she
wouldn't
have
sit
in
the
wheelchair
now.
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解析：句意：如果罗丝没有在去年的那场事故中失去她的左腿，她现在就不会坐在轮椅上了。该句使用了混合虚拟语气，主句与从句所指的时间不一致，主句与从句的时态应根据实际的时间概念确定。根据句意及now可知，主句为对现在的虚拟，应用wouldn't
sit。
答案：去掉have
