(共17张PPT)
第二部分 基础语法突破
功能
例句
说明
主语
Eating
too
much
is
bad
for
your
health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。
谓语动词用单数形式
宾语
动词宾语
I
like
playing
basketball
very
much.我非常喜欢打篮球。
表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作
介词宾语
Stamps
are
used
for
sending
letters.
邮票是用来寄信的。
表语
His
hobby
is
collecting
stamps.＝Collecting
stamps
is
his
hobby.他的爱好是集邮。
多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语
定语
She
is
in
the
reading
room.她在阅览室里。
We
should
improve
our
teaching
methods.我们应该改进教学方法。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于所修饰词之前
考点清单
KAODIAN
QINGDANⅠ.用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1．________
(climb)
mountains
is
really
fun.
解析：句意：爬山真是有趣。动名词在句中作主语。
答案：Climbing
2．________
(control)
her
anger,
Maria
turned
around
and
walked
away
from
him.
解析：句意：为了克制愤怒，玛丽亚转身离开了他。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
答案：To
control
3．The
smart
watch
has
become
the
latest
high?tech
trend,
_____
(allow)
wearers
to
take
calls
without
touching
their
phones.
解析：句意：这款智能手表已经成为最新的高科技趋势，它可以让戴的人不碰电话就接听。分析句子结构可知，allow和the
smart
watch是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处应用动词的?ing形式。
答案：allowing
4．It
is
said
that
sixty
percent
of
all
energy
________
(produce)
in
the
world
today
is
being
lost
as
wasted
heat.
解析：句意：据说现在世界上生产的60%的能源正在以废热的形式流失。分析句子成分可知，produce与其逻辑主语energy之间是动宾关系，故此处用过去分词作后置定语。
答案：produced
5．All
modern
American
literature
comes
from
a
book
________
(call)
The
Adventures
of
Huckleberry
Finn.
解析：此处called
The
Adventures
of
Huckleberry
Finn作定语修饰a
book，意为“一本被叫作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的书”。
答案：called
6．This
restaurant,
________
(own)
by
an
old
couple,
has
an
inviting,
homelike
atmosphere
that
many
restaurants
lack.
解析：分析题干可知，own与restaurant之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，空格处应该使用过去分词。
答案：owned
7．As
a
young
man,
he'd
rather
have
a
room
of
his
own,
however
small
it
is,
than
________
(share)
a
room
with
someone
else.
解析：句意：作为一个年轻人，他宁愿有一个属于自己的房间，不管有多小，也不愿和其他人合住。would
rather
do
sth.than
do
sth.“宁愿做某事也不愿做某事”，为固定结构，故此处用动词原形share。
答案：share
8．It
is
a
waste
of
time
________
(persuade)
such
a
person
to
join
us.
解析：句意：劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。It
is
a
waste
of
time
doing
sth.“做某事是浪费时间”。
答案：persuading
9．________(lose)
in
thought,
he
almost
ran
into
the
car
in
front
of
him.
解析：be
lost
in
sth.为固定搭配，意为“全神贯注于……，沉浸于……”。过去分词短语Lost
in
thought在句中作原因状语。
答案：Lost
10．________(dress)
in
her
favorite
skirt,
she
seemed
to
be
more
confident.
解析：句意：穿着她最喜欢的裙子，她看起来更自信了。be
dressed
in“穿着”，表示一种状态，故用过去分词作状语。
答案：Dressed
11．We
agreed
________
(meet)
here
but
so
far
she
hasn't
turned
up
yet.
解析：句意：我们约好了在这里见面，但她到现在还没有出现。不定式在句中作agree的宾语。
答案：to
meet
12．Almost
all
metals
are
good
conductors,
silver________(be)
the
best
of
all.
解析：句意：几乎所有的金属都是良好的导体，其中银是最好的。句中的两部分由逗号分隔，无连词，逗号前面是含有谓语动词的句子；逗号后的部分有其主语silver，由此可推断，逗号后需要用独立主格形式。还原成句子应为“Almost
all
metals
are
good
conductors,
and
silver
is
the
best
of
all.”。
答案：being
13．While
________
(celebrate)
the
progress
that
has
been
made
to
date，humans
still
have
a
long
way
to
go
to
defeat
cancer.
解析：句意：当人类为目前所取得的成就而庆祝时，在抗癌方面，其实还有很长的路要走。现在分词作状语，表示与其逻辑主语humans之间是主动关系。
答案：celebrating
14．Greatly
_______
(encourage),
the
researcher
into
agriculture
began
to
study
this
particular
type
of
plant.
解析：句意：受到了极大的鼓舞，这位农业研究人员开始研究这种特殊的植物。the
researcher与encourage之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示被动。
答案：encouraged
15．She
was
the
first
woman
________
(win)
the
gold
medal
in
the
Olympic
Games.
解析：句意：她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。当名词或代词前有序数词或最高级修饰时，则用不定式作其后置定语。
答案：to
win
16．I'd
like
to
see
the
plan
________
(carry)
out.
解析：句意：我想看到这个计划被执行。plan与carry
out之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
答案：carried
17．________
(remind)
not
to
drive
after
drinking,
some
drivers
are
still
trying
their
luck,
which
is
really
dangerous.
解析：句意：尽管被提醒不要酒后开车，一些司机仍然心存侥幸，这十分危险。remind和主语some
drivers之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作状语。
答案：Reminded
18．The
flood
last
month
in
the
east
was
a
real
disaster,
________
(leave)
19
people
dead
and
78
missing.
解析：句意：上个月在东部的洪水真的是一场灾难。它导致19人死亡，78人失踪。leave的逻辑主语是the
flood,
二者之间构成主谓关系。故答案为leaving。
答案：leaving
19．Paul
doesn't
have
to
be
made
________
(learn)．He
always
works
hard.
解析：make后接动词不定式作宾补时需要省掉to,
但是当make用于被动语态，要还原to。
答案：to
learn
20．The
sunlight
is
white
and
blinding,
________
(throw)
hard?edged
shadows
on
the
ground.
解析：句意：阳光明亮刺眼，在地上投下轮廓分明的影子。throw与The
sunlight之间为主动关系，且表示伴随，因此填throwing。
答案：throwing
21．—What's
that
noise?
—There's
a
truck
stopping
outside.It's
someone
____________
(deliver)
something.
解析：句意：——噪音怎么回事？——有一辆卡车停在外边，有人正在搬运东西。deliver与所修饰词someone之间是主动关系，强调动作正在进行，故填delivering。
答案：delivering
22．Struggling
his
way
in
the
dark
for
a
whole
night,
he
finally
found
himself
________
(lose)
in
the
forest.
解析：句意：整个晚上在黑暗中，他努力探索出路，但最终发现自己在森林中迷路了。lose与宾语himself之间为动宾关系，故填lost。
答案：lost
23．The
movie
Jurassic
Park
was
a
big
hit,
with
its
novel
idea
________
(strike)
a
mixture
of
fear
and
excitement
into
people's
hearts.
解析：句意：电影《侏罗纪公园》非常成功，它新颖的想法使人们感到既恐惧，又兴奋。本句是“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构。strike与idea之间为主动关系，故用striking。
答案：striking
24．The
old
couple,
________
(live)
in
the
small
village
for
years，can
tell
the
names
of
all
the
villagers.
解析：分析句子成分可知，主语The
old
couple和live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；且句中有表示一段时间的时间状语for
years，因此用live的现在分词的完成式。
答案：having
lived
25．I've
worked
with
different
kinds
of
people
before,
so
I
know
what
________
(do)
in
my
new
job.
解析：此处是“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。空格前面出现了特殊疑问词what,
what
to
do在句中作know的宾语。
答案：to
do
26．________
(weigh)
the
advantages
against
the
disadvantages,
I
decided
to
take
up
the
job
as
an
assistant
in
the
shop.
解析：句意：权衡了利弊之后，我决定在这个商店当一名助理。根据句意可知，weigh所表示的动作先于decided所表示的动作，故此处用现在分词的完成式作状语。
答案：Having
weighed
27．Under
the
environment
of
fierce
competition,
the
only
way
John
could
imagine
________
(handle)
stress
was
to
get
tougher
by
making
greater
efforts.
解析：句意：在激烈竞争的环境下，约翰唯一能想到的处理压力的方法就是通过更努力变得更坚强。由于前面是the
only
way，故此处应用to
do结构或of
doing结构。要注意John
could
imagine的干扰，它是定语从句，用来修饰the
only
way。
答案：to
handle/of
handling
28．—The
light
in
the
office
is
still
on.
—Oh,
I
forgot
________
(turn)
it
off.
解析：句意：——办公室的灯还亮着。——哦，我忘记关灯了。forget
to
do
sth.表示“忘记去做某事”；forget
doing
sth.表示“忘记做过某事”。
答案：to
turn
29．________
(walk)
in
the
street
yesterday,
I
saw
a
friend
of
mine.
解析：因为I
与walk之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词Walking作状语。
答案：Walking
30．________
(know)
which
university
to
attend,
the
girl
asked
her
teacher
for
advice.
解析：句意：不知道该上哪所大学，女孩向老师征求意见。两分句间无连词，故用非谓语动词；且the
girl与know之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。根据句意，应用否定形式，在其前加not。
答案：Not
knowing
Ⅱ.语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In
the
past,
if
I
had
to
look
away
from
my
phone,
I
felt
like
I
was
going
to
die.
When
I
had
lunch
with
my
family
or
dated
with
my
friends,
I
couldn't
resist
1.________(reply)
to
a
text
message
or
checking
my
Facebook,
We
chat
on
2.________
mobile
phone.
Before
long,
it
was
easy
for
me
3.________(get)
tired.
The
more
I
texted
during
the
day,
the
4.________(poor)
my
sleep
was.
I
couldn't
even
focus
on
my
study.
My
friend
told
me
that
people
5.________
can't
help
checking
their
phones
all
day
are
known
as
phubbers(低头族).
Phubbing
trends
not
only
involve
the
young
people,
but
6.________
elderly.
Soon,
I
found
a
slogan
on
a
website
as
follows： stop
twittering,
stop
posting
photos...
7．________(thankful),
I
realized
there
was
actually
an
outside
world.
My
8.________
(divide)
attention
could
keep
me
from
what
is
truly
important.
Now,
I
can
use
the
phone
without
9.________(feel)
like
a
drug
addict.
I
have
more
time
10.________(enjoy)
real?life
activities.
Use
your
cell
phone
and
don't
let
it
use
you.
答案：1.replying 2.the 3.to
get 4.poorer
5．who/that 6.the 7.Thankfully
8．divided 9.feeling 10.to
enjoy
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)
1．Nearly
everybody
looks
forward
to
educated
in
a
well?known
university.
_______________________________________________________
解析：look
forward
to意为“盼望”，其中to
是介词，后面接名词或动词?ing形式作宾语。且educate与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用动名词的被动形式。
答案：educated前面加being
2．When
asking
about
his
comments
on
the
mine
accident,
the
boss
said
much
remained
to
be
done
to
make
it
clear.
_______________________________________________________
解析：ask和the
boss之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
答案：asking→asked
3．The
Second
World
War
involved
over
100
million
people,
makes
it
the
most
widespread
war
in
history.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：二战牵连了1亿多人，这使它成为历史上最广泛的战争。分析句子成分可知，该句应用动词的?ing形式作结果状语。
答案：makes→making
4．He
is
not
somebody
that
has
been
sitting
quietly
around
not
do
anything.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：他并不是一个安静地坐在一边，什么都不做的人。that引导定语从句，从句中的doing作伴随状语。
答案：do→doing
5．Circumstances
permit,
he
would
not
have
cancelled
the
trip
he
had
been
longing
for.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：如果条件允许的话，他就不会取消他一直渴望的旅行了。这里用“名词＋现在分词”构成独立主格结构，相当于If
circumstances
permit。
答案：permit→permitting
6．All
the
passengers,
please
put
the
trash
and
waste
in
the
plastic
bags
providing
on
your
right.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：各位乘客，请把垃圾和废物放进给你们提供的在你们的右手边的塑料袋里。provide与the
plastic
bags之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。这里用provide的过去分词形式作定语修饰bags。
答案：providing→provided
7．The
living
room
is
clean
and
tidy,
with
a
dining
table
already
laying
for
a
meal
to
be
cooked.
_______________________________________________________
解析：with复合结构的构成是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，由于lay与table之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。
答案：laying→laid
8．In
an
average
British
home,
afternoon
tea
is
simple—biscuits
with
a
cup
of
tea,
normally
prepared
use
a
tea?bag.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：在普通的英国家庭，下午茶很简单——一些饼干再加一杯茶，茶叶通常以茶叶袋的形式备好。这里用现在分词短语作方式状语。
答案：use→using
9．In
order
to
make
herself
be
noticed,
she
put
on
a
red
hat.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：为了让自己被注意到，她戴了一顶红色的帽子。make
sb.done“使某人被……”。
答案：去掉be
10．To
his
surprise,
Mr.Smith
found
some
parents
of
his
students
seating
at
the
back
of
the
classroom.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：令史密斯先生惊讶的是，他发现一些学生家长坐在了教室后面。seat用作动词时，意为“使……坐下”，常构成seat
sb.和seat
oneself结构，故用过去分词形式。
答案：seating→seated
11．The
examinee
who
is
caught
cheated
in
the
College
Entrance
Examination
will
get
zero
in
this
subject.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：在高考中，被抓到作弊的考生，所考科目将会得零分。这里是catch
sb.doing结构的被动形式，所以正确答案为cheating。
答案：cheated→cheating
12．When
Mrs.Clarke
was
making
tea,
she
heard
the
door
of
her
house
be
pushed
open.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：当克拉克夫人正在泡茶的时候，她听到她家的门被推开了。hear
sth.being
done“听见某事正在被做，听见某物正在被……”。
答案：be→being
13．Imagine
getting
better
grades
after
improve
your
study
habits.
_______________________________________________________
解析：介词after后应用动名词形式improving作宾语。
答案：improve→improving
14．He
came
in
suddenly
without
permitted.
_______________________________________________________
解析：句意：没有经过允许他就突然进来了。主语he和permit是被动关系，且without后接动名词，因此应用动名词的被动形式being
done。
答案：permitted前加being
15．Seeing
from
the
top
of
the
mountain,
the
town
looks
beautiful.
_______________________________________________________
解析：see和主语the
town是被动关系，因此用过去分词seen作状语。
答案：Seeing→Seen
