专题11
代词、介词和介词短语
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标I卷）The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
interest
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so
65
the
familiar
near
side.
2.（2020·新课标I卷）Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
much
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
70
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
3.（2020·新课标I卷）After
that
I
poured
oil
into
a
pan
and
turned
off
the
stove，
I
waited
patiently
unless
the
oil
was
hot.
4.（2020·新课标I卷）＂Not
that
way，＂my
mom
tried
to
stop
us
but
failed.
5.（2020·新课标II卷）Oranges:
Orange
trees
are
more
64
decoration;
they
are
a
symbol
of
good
fortune
and
wealth.6.（2020·新课标II卷）Then
I
can
spare
some
time
to
learn
it
again,
such
that
we
can
practice
together
on
every
day.
7.（2020·新课标II卷）Best
of
luck
with
yours
learning
kung
fu
in
China.
8.（2020·新课标III卷）The
artist
was
finally
humbled
(谦卑)
by
the
greatest
artist
70．
earth,
Mother
Nature.
9.
（2020·江苏卷）Taking
on
this
challenge
will
bring
you
_____
someone
who
shares
your
interests.
A.
in
exchange
for
B.
in
answer
to
C.
in
contact
with
D.
in
memory
of
10.
（2020·江苏卷）This
actor
often
has
the
first
two
tricks
planned
before
performing,
and
then
goes
for
______.
A.
whichever
B.
whenever
C.
wherever
D.
whatever
11．（2020·天津卷）For
my
fifth
birthday,
my
mother
baked
me
a
cake
______
a
monkey.
A．in
the
shape
of
B．beyond
the
reach
of
C．at
the
mercy
of
D．on
the
side
of
12.（2020·山东卷）As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
(模拟)
and
imagine
42．
(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
43（walking）(walk)through
a
rainforest.
13.（2020·山东卷）Museums
must
compete
45
people’s
spare
time
and
money
with
other
amusements.
14.（2020·浙江卷）Some
time
after
10，000
BC，people
made
the
first
real
attempt
to
control
the
world
they
lived
56．
，through
agriculture.56．
【2019年】
1.【2019·天津卷·】A
study
shows
the
students
who
are
engaged
in
after-school
activities
are
happier
than
_________who
are
not.
A.
ones
B.
those
C.
these
D.
them
2.【2019·江苏卷·】Favorable
policies
are
___________
to
encourage
employees'
professional
development.
A.
in
effect
B.
in
command
C.
in
turn
D.
in
shape
3.【2019·新课标I卷】Modem
methods
___63___
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive
to
perform
(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
4.【2019·新课标I卷】Scientists
have
responded
by
noting
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion(错觉)
that
populations
are
___68___
(high)
than
they
actually
are.
5.【2019·新课标III卷】We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
___63___
dogs，seven
to
be
exact.
6.【2019·浙江卷】But
can
uniforms
help
improve
school
standards?
The
answer
___61___
this
question
is
not
clear.【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】—Good
morning,
Mr.
Lee’s
office.
—Good
morning.
I’d
like
to
make
an
appointment
_________
next
Wednesday
afternoon.
A.
for
B.
on
C.
in
D.
at2.【2018·天津】Bob
thought
he
couldn't
go
to
the
party
because
he
had
to
write
a
report,
but
he
went
___________.
A.
at
first
B.
after
all
C.
above
all
D.
at
random3.【2018·江苏】China’s
soft?power?grows?_______
the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding
of
China
globally.
A.
in
line
with
B.
in
reply
to
C.
in
return
for
D.
in
honour
of4.【2018·新课标III卷】I
was
searching
___67___
these
three
western
lowland
gorillas
I'd
been
observing.
【2017年】
1.【2017·天津卷】1When
you
drive
through
the
Redwood
Forests
in
California,
you
will
be
_____
trees
that
are
over
1,000
years
old.
A.
among
B.
against
C.
behind
D.
below
2.【2017·江苏卷】Determining
where
we
are
_______
our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
survival.
A.
in
contrast
to
B.
in
defense
of
C.
in
face
of
D.
in
relation
to
3.【2017·北京卷】Many
people
who
live
along
the
coast
make
a
living
_______
fishing
industry.
A.
at
B.
in
C.
on
D.
by
【2016年】
1.【2016·天津】The
dictionary
is
______:
many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
A.
out
of
control
B.
out
of
date
C.
out
of
sight
D.
out
of
reach
2.【2016·浙江】In
many
ways,
the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
from
____in
the
UK.
A.
that
B.
this
C.
one
D.
it
3.【2016·浙江】That
young
man
is
honest
,
cooperative
,
always
there
when
you
need
his
help
.______,
he's
reliable.
A.
Or
else
B.
In
short
C.
By
the
way
D.
For
one
thing
4.【2016·浙江】The
study
suggests
that
the
cultures
we
grow
up
_______influence
the
basic
processes
by
which
we
see
world
around
us.
A.
on
B.
in
C.
at
D.
about
5.【2016·浙江】I
have
always
enjoyed
all
the
events
you
organized
and
I
hope
to
attend
in
the
coming
years
A.
little
more
B.
no
more
C.much
more
D.many
more专题11
代词、介词和介词短语
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标I卷）The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
interest
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so
65
the
familiar
near
side.
【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more
so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
2.（2020·新课标I卷）Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
much
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
70
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
3.（2020·新课标I卷）After
that
I
poured
oil
into
a
pan
and
turned
off
the
stove，
I
waited
patiently
unless
the
oil
was
hot.
【答案】将off改为on
【解析】考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据I
poured
oil
into
a
pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn
on，故将off改为n。
4.（2020·新课标I卷）＂Not
that
way，＂my
mom
tried
to
stop
us
but
failed.
【答案】将us改为me
【解析】考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me。
5.（2020·新课标II卷）Oranges:
Orange
trees
are
more
64
decoration;
they
are
a
symbol
of
good
fortune
and
wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more
than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
6.（2020·新课标II卷）Then
I
can
spare
some
time
to
learn
it
again,
such
that
we
can
practice
together
on
every
day.
【答案】去掉on
【解析】考查介词。句意：我们就可以每天一起练习。介词on后接的是具体时间。every
day
译为“每一天”，前不能用有任何介词修饰。故on多余，应去掉。
7.（2020·新课标II卷）Best
of
luck
with
yours
learning
kung
fu
in
China.
【答案】将yours改为your
【解析】考查代词。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子，best
luck
of
you
译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
8.（2020·新课标III卷）The
artist
was
finally
humbled
(谦卑)
by
the
greatest
artist
70．
earth,
Mother
Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on
earth。故填on。
9.
（2020·江苏卷）Taking
on
this
challenge
will
bring
you
_____
someone
who
shares
your
interests.
A.
in
exchange
for
B.
in
answer
to
C.
in
contact
with
D.
in
memory
of
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A.
in
exchange
for作为交换；B.
in
answer
to回答；C.
in
contact
with接触，与……有联系；D.
in
memory
of纪念。根据空后someone
who
shares
your
interests及常识可知，此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。故选C。
10.
（2020·江苏卷）This
actor
often
has
the
first
two
tricks
planned
before
performing,
and
then
goes
for
______.
A.
whichever
B.
whenever
C.
wherever
D.
whatever
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。A.
whichever无论哪个；B.
whenever无论何时；C.
wherever无论何地；D.
whatever无论什么。分析句子成分可知，此处做goes
for的宾语，指代“任何事情”，whatever符合语境。故选D。
11．（2020·天津卷）For
my
fifth
birthday,
my
mother
baked
me
a
cake
______
a
monkey.
A．in
the
shape
of
B．beyond
the
reach
of
C．at
the
mercy
of
D．on
the
side
of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A.
in
the
shape
of呈……形状；B.
beyond
the
reach
of超出……的能力之外C.
at
the
mercy
of
受……的支配；D.
on
the
side
of拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。
12.（2020·山东卷）As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
(模拟)
and
imagine
42．
(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
43（walking）(walk)through
a
rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
13.（2020·山东卷）Museums
must
compete
45
people’s
spare
time
and
money
with
other
amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete
for，意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。
14.（2020·浙江卷）Some
time
after
10，000
BC，people
made
the
first
real
attempt
to
control
the
world
they
lived
56．
，through
agriculture.56．
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they
lived
_____”应是之前名词the
world
的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they
lived
in
the
world.
live
in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
【2019年】
1.【2019·天津卷·】A
study
shows
the
students
who
are
engaged
in
after-school
activities
are
happier
than
_________who
are
not.
A.
ones
B.
those
C.
these
D.
them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the
students是对应关系，可以用the
ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the
students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
2.【2019·江苏卷·】Favorable
policies
are
___________
to
encourage
employees'
professional
development.
A.
in
effect
B.
in
command
C.
in
turn
D.
in
shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A.
in
effect实际上；B.
in
command指挥；C.
in
turn轮流，依次；D.
in
shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。
3.【2019·新课标I卷】Modem
methods
___63___
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive
to
perform
(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking
polar
bear
populations作Modern
methods的定语，用of
连接，“methods
of
doing
sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
4.【2019·新课标I卷】Scientists
have
responded
by
noting
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion(错觉)
that
populations
are
___68___
(high)
than
they
actually
are.
【答案】of/for
5.【2019·新课标III卷】We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
___63___
dogs，seven
to
be
exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。“a
pack
of”意为“一群”。故填of。
6.【2019·浙江卷】But
can
uniforms
help
improve
school
standards?
The
answer
___61___
this
question
is
not
clear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the
key/answer
to
...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】—Good
morning,
Mr.
Lee’s
office.
—Good
morning.
I’d
like
to
make
an
appointment
_________
next
Wednesday
afternoon.
A.
for
B.
on
C.
in
D.
at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr.
Lee见面）。make
an
appointment
for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。
2.【2018·天津】Bob
thought
he
couldn't
go
to
the
party
because
he
had
to
write
a
report,
but
he
went
___________.
A.
at
first
B.
after
all
C.
above
all
D.
at
random
【答案】B
【解析】句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但它毕竟还是去了。at
first
首先；after
all毕竟，终究；above
all首先；at
random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面的情况相反，所以选B。
3.【2018·江苏】China’s
soft?power?grows?_______
the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding
of
China
globally.
A.
in
line
with
B.
in
reply
to
C.
in
return
for
D.
in
honour
of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A.
in
line
with按照；与...一致；B.
in
reply
to答复；C.
in
return
for作为
...
的报酬；D.
in
honour
of为纪念。故选A。
4.【2018·新课标III卷】I
was
searching
___67___
these
three
western
lowland
gorillas
I'd
been
observing.
【答案】
for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search
for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
【2017年】
1.【2017·天津卷】1When
you
drive
through
the
Redwood
Forests
in
California,
you
will
be
_____
trees
that
are
over
1,000
years
old.
A.
among
B.
against
C.
behind
D.
below
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。
be
among
位于之间；
be
against
反对；
be
behind
在后面；
be
below在之下。根据句意，故选A。
2.【2017·江苏卷】Determining
where
we
are
_______
our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
survival.
A.
in
contrast
to
B.
in
defense
of
C.
in
face
of
D.
in
relation
to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。A.
in
contrast
to对比，截然不同；B.
in
defense
of为……辩护；C.
in
face
of面对；D.
in
relation
to与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选D。
3.【2017·北京卷】Many
people
who
live
along
the
coast
make
a
living
_______
fishing
industry.
A.
at
B.
in
C.
on
D.
by
【答案】B
【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。
【2016年】
1.【2016·天津】The
dictionary
is
______:
many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
A.
out
of
control
B.
out
of
date
C.
out
of
sight
D.
out
of
reach
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：这本字典过时了。自从它被出版以来，很多单词被添加到这种语言中。
A.
out
of
control失去控制；B.
out
of
date过时的；C.
out
of
sight看不见的；D.
out
of
reach够不着的。根据句意，故选B。
2.【2016·浙江】In
many
ways,
the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
from
____in
the
UK.
A.
that
B.
this
C.
one
D.
it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。指代上文的名词education
system，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。This表示“近指”，one是泛指可数名词单数，it是特指上文提到的名词。故选A。
3.【2016·浙江】That
young
man
is
honest
,
cooperative
,
always
there
when
you
need
his
help
.______,
he's
reliable.
A.
Or
else
B.
In
short
C.
By
the
way
D.
For
one
thing
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这个年轻人诚实，有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总是在那里。简言之，他很可靠。A.否则；B.简言之；C.顺便说一下；D.首先。故选B。
4.【2016·浙江】The
study
suggests
that
the
cultures
we
grow
up
_______influence
the
basic
processes
by
which
we
see
world
around
us.
A.
on
B.
in
C.
at
D.
about
【答案】B
【解析】句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。The
cultures后面是定语从句，省略that，定语从句中cultures作宾语，那么还缺少一个介词，和cultures搭配用介词in，故选B。
5.【2016·浙江】I
have
always
enjoyed
all
the
events
you
organized
and
I
hope
to
attend
in
the
coming
years
A.
little
more
B.
no
more
C.much
more
D.many
more
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动并且希望在未来的几年里参加更多的活动。A.没有这个搭配；B.不再；C.多得多（修饰不可数名词）；D.
many
more更多（修饰可数名词）。这里修饰的是上文的activities。故选D。
