专题12
形容词和副词
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标I卷）Landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side
is
62
(extreme)
challenging.
2.（2020·新课标I卷）Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
69
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
its
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
3.（2020·新课标I卷）Today
I
tried
cooking
a
simply
dish
myself.
4.（2020·新课标II卷）Bamboo:
Chinese
love
their
“Lucky
Bamboo”
plants
and
you
will
see
them
often
in
their
homes
and
office.
66
(certain)
during
the
holiday
period,
this
plant
is
a
must.5.（2020·新课标II卷）The
69
(beauty)
long
branches
covered
with
pink-colored
buds
(蓓蕾)
make
fantastic
decorations.6.（2020·新课标II卷）I’m
surely
you’ll
have
a
good
time.
7.（2020·新课标II卷）Then
I
can
spare
some
time
to
learn
it
again,
such
that
we
can
practice
together
on
every
day.
8.（2020·新课标III卷）As
the
small
boat
moved,
68．
(gentle)
along
the
river
he
was
left
speechless
by
the
mountains
being
silently
reflected
in
the
water.9.
（2020·江苏卷）The
outbreak
of
Covid-19
has
meant
an
_____
change
in
our
life
and
work.
A.
absurd
B.
abrupt
C.
allergic
D.
authentic
10.（2020·天津卷）According
to
Professor
Johnson,
we
don’t
have
to
read
the
book
if
we
don’t
want
to,
as
it
is
______.
A．worthwhile
B．necessary
C．optional
D．serious
11.（2020·山东卷）In
the
18th
and
19th
centuries,
36．
(wealth)
people
travelled
and
collected
plants,
historical
objects
and
works
of
art.【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】Unlike
traditional
gyms,
app-backed
gyms
offer
people
___________
options
to
exercise.
A.
casual
B.
regular
C.
flexible
D.
tight
2.【2019·新课标I卷】It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
___62___
(poor)
studied;
however,
biologists
calculate
that
there
are
about
20,000-25,000
polar
bears
worldwide.
3.【2019·新课标II卷】Her
years
of
hard
work
have
___63___(final)been
acknowledged
after
a
customer
nominated(提名)her
to
be
Cheshire's
Woman
Of
The
Year.
4.【2019·新课标III卷】On
our
way
to
the
house，it
was
raining
___61___
hard
that
we
couldn't
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take
to
get
(get)there.
It
was
in
the
middle
of
Pearl
City.
【2018年】
1.【2018·江苏】Despite
the
poor
service
of
the
hotel,
the
manager
is
_______
to
invest
in
sufficient
training
for
his
staff.
A.
keen
B.
reluctant
C.
anxious
D.
ready2.【2018·新课标I卷】According
to
a
review
of
evidence
in
a
medical
journal,
runners
live
three
years
61
(long)
than
non-runners.
3.【2018·新课标I卷】I
felt
happily
that
their
life
had
improved.
4.【2018·新课标II卷】A
taste
for
meat
is
___63___
(actual)
behind
the
change:
An
important
part
of
its
corn
is
used
to
feed
chickens,
pigs,
and
cattle.
5.【2018·新课标II卷】According
to
the
World
Bank,
China
accounts
for
about
30
percent
of
total
___67___
(globe)fertilizer
consumption.
6.【2018·新课标III卷】He
screams
the___63___(loud)of
all.
The
noise
shakes
the
trees
as
the
male
beats
his
chest
and
charges
toward
me.
7.【2018·浙江卷】There
could
be
an
even
63
(high)
cost
on
your
health.
【2017年】
1.【2017·江苏卷】The
disappearance
of
dinosaurs
is
not
necessarily
caused
by
astronomical
incidents.
But
_______
explanations
are
hard
to
find.
A.
alternative
B.
aggressive
C.
ambiguous
D.
apparent
【2016年】
1.【2016·江苏】His
comprehensive
surveys
have
provided
the
most__________statements
of
how,
and
on
what
basis,
data
are
collected.
A.
explicit
B.
ambiguous
C.
original
D.
arbitrary
2.【2016·江苏】His
comprehensive
surveys
have
provided
the
most__________statements
of
how,
and
on
what
basis,
data
are
collected.
A.
explicit
B.
ambiguous
C.
original
D.
arbitrary
3.【2016·浙江】In
this
article
,
you
need
to
back
up
general
statements
with
________
examples.
A.
specific
B.
permanent
C.
abstract
D.
universal专题12
形容词和副词
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标I卷）Landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side
is
62
(extreme)
challenging.
【答案】extremely
【解析】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
2.（2020·新课标I卷）Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
69
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
its
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
【答案】much
【解析】考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
3.（2020·新课标I卷）Today
I
tried
cooking
a
simply
dish
myself.
【答案】将simply改为simple
【解析】考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simply改为simple。
4.（2020·新课标II卷）Bamboo:
Chinese
love
their
“Lucky
Bamboo”
plants
and
you
will
see
them
often
in
their
homes
and
office.
66
(certain)
during
the
holiday
period,
this
plant
is
a
must.
【答案】Certainly
【解析】考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
5.（2020·新课标II卷）The
69
(beauty)
long
branches
covered
with
pink-colored
buds
(蓓蕾)
make
fantastic
decorations.
【答案】beautiful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
6.（2020·新课标II卷）I’m
surely
you’ll
have
a
good
time.
【答案】将surely改为sure
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。
7.（2020·新课标II卷）Then
I
can
spare
some
time
to
learn
it
again,
such
that
we
can
practice
together
on
every
day.
【答案】将such改为so
【解析】考查副词。句意：然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它，这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子，此处应表示“以便；所以”。故将such改为so。
8.（2020·新课标III卷）As
the
small
boat
moved,
68．
(gentle)
along
the
river
he
was
left
speechless
by
the
mountains
being
silently
reflected
in
the
water.
【答案】gently
【解析】考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
9.
（2020·江苏卷）The
outbreak
of
Covid-19
has
meant
an
_____
change
in
our
life
and
work.
A.
absurd
B.
abrupt
C.
allergic
D.
authentic
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。A.
absurd荒谬的；B.
abrupt突然的；C.
allergic过敏的；D.
authentic真实的。根据常识可知，新冠肺炎疫情给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。故选B。
10.（2020·天津卷）According
to
Professor
Johnson,
we
don’t
have
to
read
the
book
if
we
don’t
want
to,
as
it
is
______.
A．worthwhile
B．necessary
C．optional
D．serious
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，就不必读，因为它是可选择的。A.
worthwhile值得的；B.
necessary必要的；C.
optional
可选择的，选修的；D.
serious严肃的，认真的。根据“we
don’t
have
to
read
the
book
if
we
don’t
want
to”可知，这本书读不读都可以，由此可知，它是“可选择的”。故选C。
11.（2020·山东卷）In
the
18th
and
19th
centuries,
36．
(wealth)
people
travelled
and
collected
plants,
historical
objects
and
works
of
art.
【答案】wealthy
【解析】考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】Unlike
traditional
gyms,
app-backed
gyms
offer
people
___________
options
to
exercise.
A.
casual
B.
regular
C.
flexible
D.
tight
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A.
casual偶然的，随便的；B.
regular定期的，有规律的；C.
flexible灵活的；D.
tight紧的，密封的。故选C。
2.【2019·新课标I卷】It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
___62___
(poor)
studied;
however,
biologists
calculate
that
there
are
about
20,000-25,000
polar
bears
worldwide.
【答案】poorly
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has
been
studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
3.【2019·新课标II卷】Her
years
of
hard
work
have
___63___(final)been
acknowledged
after
a
customer
nominated(提名)her
to
be
Cheshire's
Woman
Of
The
Year.
【答案】finally
【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have
been
acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
4.【2019·新课标III卷】On
our
way
to
the
house，it
was
raining
___61___
hard
that
we
couldn't
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take
to
get
(get)there.
It
was
in
the
middle
of
Pearl
City.
【答案】so
【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
【2018年】
1.【2018·江苏】Despite
the
poor
service
of
the
hotel,
the
manager
is
_______
to
invest
in
sufficient
training
for
his
staff.
A.
keen
B.
reluctant
C.
anxious
D.
ready
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A.
keen敏锐的；B.
reluctant不情愿的；C.
anxious渴望的；D.
ready准备好的。故选B。
2.【2018·新课标I卷】According
to
a
review
of
evidence
in
a
medical
journal,
runners
live
three
years
61
(long)
than
non-runners.
【答案】
longer
【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
3.【2018·新课标I卷】I
felt
happily
that
their
life
had
improved.
【答案】happily改成happy
【解析】考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。
4.【2018·新课标II卷】A
taste
for
meat
is
___63___
(actual)
behind
the
change:
An
important
part
of
its
corn
is
used
to
feed
chickens,
pigs,
and
cattle.
【答案】
actually
【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
5.【2018·新课标II卷】According
to
the
World
Bank,
China
accounts
for
about
30
percent
of
total
___67___
(globe)fertilizer
consumption.
【答案】
global
【解析】句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer
consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
6.【2018·新课标III卷】He
screams
the___63___(loud)of
all.
The
noise
shakes
the
trees
as
the
male
beats
his
chest
and
charges
toward
me.
【答案】loudest
【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of
all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
7.【2018·浙江卷】There
could
be
an
even
63
(high)
cost
on
your
health.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
【2017年】
1.【2017·江苏卷】The
disappearance
of
dinosaurs
is
not
necessarily
caused
by
astronomical
incidents.
But
_______
explanations
are
hard
to
find.
A.
alternative
B.
aggressive
C.
ambiguous
D.
apparent
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词的辨析。A.
alternative可供替代的；B.
aggressive好斗的，有进取心的；C.
ambiguous
有野心的，耗时的；D.
apparent显而易见的。句意：恐龙的消失未必是由天体灾害引起的，但是也很难找
到其它的解释。故选A。
【2016年】
1.【2016·江苏】His
comprehensive
surveys
have
provided
the
most__________statements
of
how,
and
on
what
basis,
data
are
collected.
A.
explicit
B.
ambiguous
C.
original
D.
arbitrary
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。形容词explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，专制的；句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最清晰的说明。故A正确。
2.【2016·江苏】His
comprehensive
surveys
have
provided
the
most__________statements
of
how,
and
on
what
basis,
data
are
collected.
A.
explicit
B.
ambiguous
C.
original
D.
arbitrary
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。形容词explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，专制的；句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最清晰的说明。故A正确。
3.【2016·浙江】In
this
article
,
you
need
to
back
up
general
statements
with
________
examples.
A.
specific
B.
permanent
C.
abstract
D.
universal
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。A.具体，明确的；B.永久的；C.抽象的；D.全球的，共通的。故选A。
