专题15
情态动词和虚拟语气
【2020年】
1.（2020·天津卷）Jim
says
we
______
stay
in
his
house
as
long
as
we
leave
it
clean
and
tidy
.
A.
must
B.
can
C.
need
D.
should
2.（2020·江苏卷）If
I
hadn’t
been
faced
with
so
many
barriers,
I
_____where
I
am.
A.
won’t
be
B.
wouldn’t
have
been
C.
wouldn’t
be
D.
shouldn’t
have
been
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】What
a
pity!
You
missed
the
sightseeing,
or
we
_________a
good
time
together.
A.
had
B.
will
have
C.
would
have
had
D.
had
had
2.【2019·天津卷】The
workers
were
not
better
organized,
otherwise
they
____________
the
task
in
half
the
time.
A.
accomplished
B.
had
accomplished
C.
would
accomplish
D.
would
have
accomplished
【2018年】
1.【2018·江苏】It’s?strange?that?he?_______
have?taken?the?books?without?the?owner’s?permission.
A.
would
B.
should
C.
could
D.
might2.【2018·江苏】There
is
a
good
social
life
in
the
village,
and
I
wish
I
_______
a
second
chance
to
become
more
involved.
A.
had
B.
will
have
C.
would
have
had
D.
have
had3.【2018·天津】I
can't
find
my
purse.
I___________
it
in
the
supermarket
yesterday,
but
I'm
not
sure.
A.
should
leave
B.
must
have
left
C.
might
leave
D.
could
have
left4.【2018·北京】In
today’s
information
age,
the
loss
of
data
_________
cause
serious
problems
for
a
company.
A.
need
B.
should
C.
can
D.
must5.【2018·北京】They
might
have
found
a
better
hotel
if
they
_________
a
few
more
kilometers.
A.
drove
B.
would
drive
C.
were
to
drive
D.
had
driven6.【2018·天津】If
we
___________the
flight
yesterday,
we
would
be
enjoying
our
holiday
on
the
beach
A.
had
caught
B.
caught
C.
have
caught
D.
would
catch【2017年】
1.【2017·北京卷】Samuel,
the
tallest
boy
in
our
class,
______
easily
reach
the
books
on
the
top
shelf.
A.
must
B.
should
C.
can
D.
need
2.【2017·北京卷】If
the
new
safety
system
_______
to
use,
the
accident
would
never
have
happened.
A.
had
been
put
B.
were
put
C.
should
be
put
D.
would
be
put
3.【2017·江苏卷】_______
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
A.
It
were
B.
Were
it
C.
It
was
D.
Was
it
4.【2017·天津卷】My
room
is
a
mess,
but
I
__________clean
it
before
I
go
out
tonight.
I
can
do
it
in
the
morning.
A.
daren’t
B.
shouldn’t
C.
needn’t
D.
mustn’t
5.【2017·天津卷】
—Do
you
have
Betty’s
phone
number?
—Yes.
Otherwise,
I
______able
to
reach
her
yesterday.
A.
hadn’t
been
B.
wouldn’t
have
been
C.
weren’t
D.
wouldn’t
be
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】I
love
the
weekend,
because
I
________
get
up
early
on
Saturdays
and
Sundays.
A.
needn’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
wouldn’t
D.
shouldn’t
2.【2016·北京】Why
didn’t
you
tell
me
about
your
trouble
last
week?
If
you
________
me,
I
could
have
helped.
A.
told
B.
had
told
C.
were
to
tell
D.
would
tell
3.【2016·江苏】If
it
for
his
invitation
the
other
day,
I
should
not
be
here
now.
A.had
not
been
B.should
not
be
C.
were
not
to
be
D.
should
not
have
been
4.【2016·天津】It
was
really
annoying;
I
_____
get
access
to
the
data
bank
you
had
recommended.
A.
wouldn’t
B.
couldn’t
C.
shouldn’t
D.
needn’t
5.【2016·天津】
I
was
wearing
a
seatbelt.
If
I
hadn’t
been
wearing
one,
I
____.
A.
were
injured
B.
would
be
injured
C.
had
been
injured
D.
would
have
been
injured
6.【2016·浙江】Had
the
governments
and
scientists
not
worked
together
,
AIDS-related
deaths
_______
since
their
highest
in
2005.
A.
had
not
fallen
B.
would
not
fall
C.
did
not
fall
D.
would
not
have
fallen专题15
情态动词和虚拟语气
【2020年】
1.（2020·天津卷）Jim
says
we
______
stay
in
his
house
as
long
as
we
leave
it
clean
and
tidy
.
A.
must
B.
can
C.
need
D.
should
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A.
must必须；B.
can能，可以；C.
need需要；D.
should应该。根据后面的“as
long
as
we
leave
it
clean
and
tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
2.（2020·江苏卷）If
I
hadn’t
been
faced
with
so
many
barriers,
I
_____where
I
am.
A.
won’t
be
B.
wouldn’t
have
been
C.
wouldn’t
be
D.
shouldn’t
have
been
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where
I
am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】What
a
pity!
You
missed
the
sightseeing,
or
we
_________a
good
time
together.
A.
had
B.
will
have
C.
would
have
had
D.
had
had
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would,
could,
might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
2.【2019·天津卷】The
workers
were
not
better
organized,
otherwise
they
____________
the
task
in
half
the
time.
A.
accomplished
B.
had
accomplished
C.
would
accomplish
D.
would
have
accomplished
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the
workers
were
not
better
organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would,
could,
might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。
【2018年】
1.【2018·江苏】It’s?strange?that?he?_______
have?taken?the?books?without?the?owner’s?permission.
A.
would
B.
should
C.
could
D.
might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It
is
important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural
that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。
2.【2018·江苏】There
is
a
good
social
life
in
the
village,
and
I
wish
I
_______
a
second
chance
to
become
more
involved.
A.
had
B.
will
have
C.
would
have
had
D.
have
had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
3.【2018·天津】I
can't
find
my
purse.
I___________
it
in
the
supermarket
yesterday,
but
I'm
not
sure.
A.
should
leave
B.
must
have
left
C.
might
leave
D.
could
have
left
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+
have
done，再根据后句but
I’m
not
sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。
4.【2018·北京】In
today’s
information
age,
the
loss
of
data
_________
cause
serious
problems
for
a
company.
A.
need
B.
should
C.
can
D.
must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
5.【2018·北京】They
might
have
found
a
better
hotel
if
they
_________
a
few
more
kilometers.
A.
drove
B.
would
drive
C.
were
to
drive
D.
had
driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they
might
have
found
a
better
hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if
____
a
few
more
kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
6.【2018·天津】If
we
___________the
flight
yesterday,
we
would
be
enjoying
our
holiday
on
the
beach
A.
had
caught
B.
caught
C.
have
caught
D.
would
catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had
+
v-ed。故选A。
【2017年】
1.【2017·北京卷】Samuel,
the
tallest
boy
in
our
class,
______
easily
reach
the
books
on
the
top
shelf.
A.
must
B.
should
C.
can
D.
need
【答案】C
【解析】A.
must
必须；B.
should应该；C.
can能；D.
need需要。句意：Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。
2.【2017·北京卷】If
the
new
safety
system
_______
to
use,
the
accident
would
never
have
happened.
A.
had
been
put
B.
were
put
C.
should
be
put
D.
would
be
put
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had
done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。
3.【2017·江苏卷】_______
not
for
the
support
of
the
teachers,
the
student
could
not
overcome
her
difficulty.
A.
It
were
B.
Were
it
C.
It
was
D.
Was
it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were
/Should/
Had
I...，故选B。
4.【2017·天津卷】My
room
is
a
mess,
but
I
__________clean
it
before
I
go
out
tonight.
I
can
do
it
in
the
morning.
A.
daren’t
B.
shouldn’t
C.
needn’t
D.
mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。
5.【2017·天津卷】
—Do
you
have
Betty’s
phone
number?
—Yes.
Otherwise,
I
______able
to
reach
her
yesterday.
A.
hadn’t
been
B.
wouldn’t
have
been
C.
weren’t
D.
wouldn’t
be
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，由yesterday可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldn’t
have
done，故选B。
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】I
love
the
weekend,
because
I
________
get
up
early
on
Saturdays
and
Sundays.
A.
needn’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
wouldn’t
D.
shouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A.
needn’t不需要；B.
mustn’t禁止；C.
wouldn’t不愿；D.
shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选A。
2.【2016·北京】Why
didn’t
you
tell
me
about
your
trouble
last
week?
If
you
________
me,
I
could
have
helped.
A.
told
B.
had
told
C.
were
to
tell
D.
would
tell
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。
3.【2016·江苏】If
it
for
his
invitation
the
other
day,
I
should
not
be
here
now.
A.had
not
been
B.should
not
be
C.
were
not
to
be
D.
should
not
have
been
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A项正确。
4.【2016·天津】It
was
really
annoying;
I
_____
get
access
to
the
data
bank
you
had
recommended.
A.
wouldn’t
B.
couldn’t
C.
shouldn’t
D.
needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这真是令人心烦；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。根据句意可知选B。
5.【2016·天津】
I
was
wearing
a
seatbelt.
If
I
hadn’t
been
wearing
one,
I
____.
A.
were
injured
B.
would
be
injured
C.
had
been
injured
D.
would
have
been
injured
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had
done，可知，主句用would
have
done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。
6.【2016·浙江】Had
the
governments
and
scientists
not
worked
together
,
AIDS-related
deaths
_______
since
their
highest
in
2005.
A.
had
not
fallen
B.
would
not
fall
C.
did
not
fall
D.
would
not
have
fallen
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气，if条件句用的had
done，而且省略if，将had提前，主句用would
have
done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。
