unit 1 great scientists 全单元课件

(共85张PPT)
Unit 1
Great scientists
Unit 1
Great scientists
Warming up
What impress you most in 2003
Which person impress you most during the SARS
What other infectious diseases do you know
For example: When you eat some seafood……
You feel……
Maybe you have got ________.
Cholera
Warming up----questions (2m)
John Snow defeats “King cholera”
Skimming: answer the following questions:
What are the two theories John Snow got interested in
What did John Snow’ experience show
How to prevent the disease happening again
Reading-I----skimming (2m)
1.The two theories are : The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
3.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.
2.John Snow had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
Keys:
Scientific Report by John Snow
The problem
The cause Idea 1:
Idea 2:people absorbed the disease_________________.
The method
The results
Idea 1 or 2 why
The conclusion
the cause of the serious disease of cholera.
________________________ that attacked victims
____________from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to prove which method was correct.
He found the cause of cholera was____________________.
Idea 2. Because the data showed a connection with the water.
John Snow was able to ___________ once its cause was know.
No body knew___________________
Strange cloud in the air
with their meals
Collect data
the polluted water
defeat cholera
Reading-II----scanning (3m)
Detailed reading
Read the passage again, and then find out the difficult or key sentences with the partner.
Reading-III----detailed reading (2m)
1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
In the case of an infectious disease it means not taking care to stop its spread.
2.He got interested in the two theories explaining how cholera killed people.
This means that he began to find out about both theories.
3. It seemed the water was to blame.
The sentence means Probably it was the water that caused the illness.
Discussion: Discuss the following questions in groups of four.
1.
2.
3.
Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today
John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it
Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem with- out the map Give a reason.
Discussion (4m)
Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and public health care to solve them.
John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.
Keys
1.
2.
No. The map helped John Snow organise his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.
3.
Let’s have a competition!
Extension(延伸)
1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float
B. Archimedes阿基米德
C. Thomas Edison
爱迪生
A. Charles Darwin 达尔文
2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed
Marie Curie居里
C. Charles Darwin
达尔文
B. Gregor Mendel
门道尔
3.Who invent the first steam engine
Thomas Newcomen
纽兴门
C. Thomas Edison
B. Archimedes
4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children.
A. Thomas Edison
C. Archimedes
B. Gregor Mendel
5. Who discovered radium
A. Marie Curie
C. Newton
B. Zhang Heng
6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities
A. Stephen Hawking 　
C. Thomas Edison
B. Archimedes
7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people
A. Gregor Mendel
C. Marie Curie
B. Leonardo da Vinci
达·芬奇 　
8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground
A. Sir Humphry Davy 　
C. Faraday
B. Thomas Newcomen
9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened
A. Charles Darwin
C. Watt
B. Zhang Heng
10.Who put forward a theory about black holes
A. Stephen Hawking
C. Copernicus
B. Archimedes
Unit 1
Great scientists
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:
John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.
doctor
19th
cause
defeat
broke
marked
pump
source
examined
dealing
(in 5 minutes)
Answer keys for Exercises 2:
make a telephone call
make a decision
make a plan
make a speech
make a contribution
make a noise
make a change
make a description
Translate the following phrases, and try to find out what the items relate to.
一片碎玻璃
开水
一枚用过的邮票
一箱埋起来的硬币
穿破的鞋子
一台损坏了的计算机
结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去分词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用过去分词作表语的形式来改写以上短语。
a broken piece of glass
boiled water
a used stamp
a buried box of coins
a damaged computer
worn—out shoes
Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.
Past Participle Past Participle
as the Attribute as the predicative
terrified people 1.
reserved seats 2.
polluted water 3.
a crowded room 4.
a pleased winner 5.
people who are terrified
seats which are reserved
water that is polluted
a room that is crowded
a winner who is pleased
Past Participle Past Participle
as the Predicative as the Attribute
1. children who 1.
look astonished
2. a vase that is broken 2.
3. a door that is closed 3.
4. the audience who feel tired 4.
5. an animal that is trapped 5.
astonished children
a broken vase
a closed door
the tired audience
a trapped animal
Students try to find some rules about the Past Participle as the Attribute and Predicative.
Discovery (2m)
Grammar
一、过去分词作定语
1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。
eg：a lost animal 一只迷路的动物
a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票
an injured finger 一个受伤的手指
a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币
a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛
注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。
e.g.：spoken English 英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起来的太阳
the advanced countries 发达国家
drunken man 一个醉鬼
a returned student 一名留学生
a retired teacher 一名退休教师
an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯
by-gone days 过去的岁月
2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完成意义。
e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!
我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊
I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth．
我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。
e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular．
鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
We’11 go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses.
1） He told us of the great wrong done to him.
= He told us of the great wrong ___________________________ to him.
which had been done
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。
2） The United States is a developed country.
= The United Stated is a country ______________________ .
which has developed
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。
3） Have you noticed the bridge being built there
= Have you noticed the bridge
______________________ there
which is being built
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。
二、过去分词作表语
1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。
e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．
听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。
You seem frightened.
你似乎受了惊吓。
2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。
e.g.：This shop is now closed．
这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)
This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday．
这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）
Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.
1. 丢了钱他自责不已。
He ______________ about losing the money.
2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？ Why do you always _______________ Do you sleep well these days
3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。
I _____________________ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better.
got blamed
look so tired
was disappointed with
4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。 Everybody ____________to hear the death of the famous film star．
5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。
The children ______________________ going to the zoo．
6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒.
His wound ___________________ a new virus．
was shocked
are really excited about
became infected with
Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known
C. being known D. to be known
高考链接
B
解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
2. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recorded
高考链接
A
解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。
3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
高考链接
D
解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
4. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt
高考链接
B
解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。
Unit 1
Great scientists
The topic of the video is about _____________________.
Do you know any famous person in this field
space and universe
Stephen hawking
Ptolemy
Copernicus
Zhang Heng
Hubble
Galileo
Skim the text and draw the two theories of the universe with the following pictures.
Sun
earth
Before Copernicus’ theory Showing Copernicus’ theory
Reading-I----skimming (2m)
Sun
earth
Before Copernicus’ theory Showing Copernicus’ theory
Sun
earth
earth
Sun
Skim the text and draw the two theories of the universe with the following pictures.
Reading-I----skimming (2m)
Read the text and answer the following question.
What conclusion did Copernicus’ mathematical calculations lead to
Why couldn’t he tell anyone about the theory
How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory
When did Copernicus publish his theory
Do you think it’s right for Copernicus to publish his theory that late
Reading-II----detailed reading (2m)
His mathematical calculations led to the conclusion: that the earth was not the center of the solar system.
What conclusion did Copernicus’ mathematical calculations lead to
Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.
2. Why couldn’t he tell anyone about the theory
4 years.
3. How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory
He published his theory as he lay dying in 1543.
4. When did Copernicus publish his theory
Students give their own answers.
5. Do you think it’s right for Copernicus to publish his theory that late
Try your best to go over the whole points of each picture without lifting your pencil from the paper or going over any line twice.
A
A
D
D
B
B
C
C
Pre-reading----game (2m)
1.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London---so famous, indeed that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.
约翰.斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生----他的确太富盛名了,以至于维多利亚女王生孩子时都是他去照料,帮助她顺利分娩.
attend v.
(1)to take care; give attention 注意,留意. 如:
We’ll attend to the solution of that problem later.
(2)to take good care of (a sick person, for example)照看,照料.如:
医生照看病人.
The doctor attended the patients.
(3)to be present at 出席,到场. 如:
attend school 上学
attend a lecture 听讲座
attend church 去教堂
attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼
2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
exposed to cholera 在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语,表示被动.意为 “患霍乱的”.如:
The book written by LuXun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的.
昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生.
The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.
发散思维：
exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的
exposedness n. 暴露，显露
开放思维: expose to 使易受，使受
expose sth to the light of day
把某事暴露于光天化日之下
expose a fraud
揭穿骗局
3.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
every time 在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”
e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.
每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。
注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与 every time一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为 “一…..就”。如：
I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.
我一见到他就把这封信给他。
I came directly I got your letter.
我一接到你的信就来了。
4.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals .
absorb…..into 吸收 如：
e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.
这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。
absorb v. (1)吸收（液体）；承受；承担. 如:
(2)to occupy the full attention, interest, or time of ; engross 吸引；使专心；使全神贯注 如:
我们不能承担这些费用。
作家全神贯注的进行写作，忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰.
The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.
We’ll not absorb these charges.
他发现在两条街道上霍乱流行的特别厉害，在十天之内就死去了五百多人。
5.He found that in two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.
severe v. (1)unsparing or harsh, as in treatment of others; strict 严厉的；苛刻的；严格的. 如:
The severe trainer has gone abroad. You can breathe freely again.
(2)causing sharp discomfort or distress; extremely violent or intense; very serious. 剧痛的，剧烈的，严重的，难熬的 如:
a severe attack of toothache.
要求苛严的教官已经出国.你可以完全放心。
牙痛的剧烈发作。
这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。
6. The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.
valuable
(1)adj. worth of a lot of money
值钱的，贵重的 如：
The watch is valuable. 这表很值钱。
a valuable diamond. 贵重的钻石。
(2) adj. having great usefulness or value 如:
valuable information
(3)n. (常用复数形式)sth that worth a lot of money. 如:
Cathy kept her valuables in a safe.
重大的消息
凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里.
7. It seemed the water was to blame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。
be+动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情，相当于must, should, ought to 等。 如：
No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.
没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。
You are not to drop litter in the park.
公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。
8.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.
其次，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。
look into 看…...里面；to investigate 检查；了解。 如：
We’ll look into this matter together.
我们将一起调查这个问题。
开放思维：
look on 观看，面向，旁观，看待
look out 面朝，留神，照料
look over 从上面看，察看，检查
look around 环顾，观光，察看
look through 看穿，审核，浏览，温习
look up and down 仔细打量，到处寻找
look after 寻求，照顾，关心
9.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
在伦敦的另一个地方，他发现有两个死亡的病例与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联。
in addition adv. as well as 另外 如：
In addition, the course also produces practical experience.
此外这门功课还提供了实践的基础。
link…to... 把…与…连接；联系 如：
Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.
指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。
be linked to 连接 如：
The two towns are linked by a railway.
10.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease.
announce v. to make known publicly 如：
The captain announced that the plane was going to land.
有了这个证据，约翰.斯诺就能够肯定的宣布，这种被污染的水携带病毒。
机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。
1. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
only if 只有；只要。当以only引导的短语或状语从句放于句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要倒装。
1) Only if a teacher page permission is a student allowed to enter the room.
2) Only by shouting and waving his hands could he be noticed.
make sense 讲得通；有道理
1)看这里，读这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。
Here, read the sentence. It doesn’t seem to make sense.
2) 你编的故事我听不明白。
Your story doesn’t make sense to me.
2. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
with the planets going round it是with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式等。现将其基本形式归纳如下：
With + n./pron. + 介词短语
He sat there with a smile on his face.
(2) With + n./pron. + 副词
With Mr Smith away, we’ve got more room.
(3) With + n./pron. + 不定式
With so much work to do, he could not go home.
(4) With + n./pron. + 现在分词
The street was quiet with no buses running.
(5) With + n./pron. + 过去分词
In came a man with his hands tied back.
(6) With + n./pron. + 形容词
He wrote a shirt, with the neck open, showing his bare chest.