译林版必修5 Unit2 The environment Grammar and usage课件（77张PPT)

(共77张PPT)
Unit
2
The
environment
Grammar
and
usage
Verb-ing
form
as
an
adjective
or
adverb
To
get
to
know
how
a
verb-ing
form
can
be
used
as
an
adjective
or
adverb
To
learn
how
to
use
a
verb-ing
phrase
To
learn
to
identify
the
functions
of
a
verb-ing
form
Observe
the
sentences
from
this
unit.
1.
This
is
an
amazing
achievement.
2.
That
was
an
extremely
interesting
speech.
3.
A
wood-burning
stove
does
harm
to
the
environment.
4.
This
damage
is
frightening.
5.
We
all
found
his
argument
convincing
and
interesting.
6.
They
stood
talking
to
each
other.
7.
Having
worked
with
many
environmental
consultants,
I
know
that
a
healthy
environment
and
development
should
be
possible
at
the
same
time.
8.
Asking
around,
I
find
many
people
willing
to
pay
a
little
higher
price
for
things
that
are
friendly
to
the
environment.
9.
We
are
making
bigger
holes
in
the
nets,
hoping
to
avoid
catching
fish
that
are
not
fully
grown.
Verb
–ing
形式概念
动词的
–ing
形式包括两种:
①
现在分词:
具有形容词和副词特征，可作定语、状语、表语、宾补等。
②
动名词：具有名词特征，可作主语、宾语、表语等。
现在分词的基本特点:
1.
在时间上表动作正在进行。如：
a
developing
country
发展中国家
rising
sun
冉冉升起的太阳。
2.
在语态上表主动。如：
the
ruling
class
统治阶级
the
exploiting
class
剥削阶级
主动语态
被动语态
V-ing
一般式
(与谓语动词同时发生)
doing
being
done
完成式
(先于谓语动词之前发生)
having
done
having
been
done
现在分词的时态和语态
语态
时态
Verb-ing
form
as
an
adjective
President
Obama
gave
an
extremely
interesting
speech
to
his
voters.
1.
the
verb-ing
form
—
used
as
an
attribute
(1)
a
swimming
man
(2)
a
swimming
pool
(2)
a
walking
stick
(1)
a
walking
man
=a
man
who
is
walking
=
a
stick
for
walking
What’s
the
difference
between
(1)
and
(2)?
小
结
1
Verb-ing
形式作定语既可表示动作正在进行（如例（1）），此时相当于一个定语从句；又可表示所修饰名词的性质或用途（如例（2））。
a
running
man
The
man
running
in
the
picture
is
Usain
Bolt.
attribute
The
man
who
is
running
in
the
picture
Usain
Bolt.
可转换为：
Rewrite
the
following
sentences
with
attributive
clauses.
The
teacher
teaching
us
Chinese
is
Ms
Wang.
=The
teacher
who
is
teaching
us
Chinese
is
Ms
Wang.
The
people
sitting
behind
us
are
soccer
players.
The
expert
coming
from
Hong
Kong
is
a
lady
called
Ms
Cai.
=The
people
who
are
sitting
behind
us
are
soccer
players.
=The
expert
who
comes
from
Hong
Kong
is
a
lady
called
Ms
Cai.
单个的verb-ing
形式作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面；Verb-ing
短语作定语则放在所修饰的名词之后。而且，作定语时，与现在分词的区别，动名词作定语表示名词的作用或功能，现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作。
小
结
2
Translate
the
following
phrases.
a
reading
room
a
washing
machine
an
exciting
evening
an
interesting
crosstalk
阅览室
洗衣机
激动人心的夜晚
有趣的相声
a
sleeping
car
a
smoking
room
listening
practice
an
opening
speech
a
booking
office
running
water
卧铺车
吸烟室
听力练习
开幕词
售票处
自来水
2.
Verb-
ing
form
—
used
as
an
object
complement
I
heard
the
girl
singing
in
the
classroom.
I
noticed
a
long
queue
outside
the
bank
waiting
for
it
to
open.
The
baby
watched
his
dad
shaving
his
face
with
great
interest.
We
have
the
fire
burning
all
day.
小
结
3
动词verb-ing
形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：
have,
keep,
leave,
look
at,
see,
watch,
hear,
listen
to,
notice,
find,
feel
等。
3.
Verb-ing
form
—
used
as
a
predicative
动名词和现在分词都是由verb-ing构成，在句中都能作表语和定语:
1.
动名词作表语说明主语的内容，回答
what的问题；现在分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，说明主语的性质、特征等，回答how的问题。eg.
①.
One
of
the
best
exercises
is
swimming．
②.
What
pleases
him
most
is
bathing
in
the
sea．
现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别:
凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，
凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。
如：
It
was
an
exciting
news.
He
was
excited
about
the
news.
interesting
使人感兴趣的;
interested
感兴趣的
exciting
令人激动的;
excited
感到激动的
delighting
令人高兴的;
delighted
感到高兴的
disappointing
令人失望的;
disappointed
感到失望的
encouraging
令人鼓舞的;
encouraged
感到鼓舞的
　　
旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
Traveling
is
interesting
but
tiring.
如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
The
pupils
will
get
confused
if
they
are
made
to
learn
too
much.
　他的论点很令人信服。
His
argument
is
very
convincing.
1.
Sixty
million
people
_____
(live)
in
rural
areas
are
moving
to
the
cities
every
year.
2.
The
bottle
____________
(contain)
the
poison
was
sent
to
the
laboratory.
Practice
living
containing
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
verbs
given
using
their
proper
forms.
Practices:
3.
The
man
_____
(sit)
on
the
platform
is
a
professor
from
Wuhan
University.
4.
Who
is
the
girl
_______
(walk)
along
the
river?
5.
The
children
___________
(practice)
playing
the
violin
over
there
will
give
a
performance
next
week.
sitting
walking
practicing
6.
The
man
with
sun-glasses
________
(stand)
near
a
car
is
a
detective.
7.
The
old
lady
______
(talk)
to
the
children
is
a
famous
musician.
8.
The
person
____________
(translate)
the
songs
can
speak
seven
languages.
standing
talking
translating
12.
You
can
see
them
____________
(perform)
every
night
this
week
at
the
New
Theatre.
13.
I
could
hear
them
__________
(whisper)
to
each
other
during
the
first
part
of
the
play.
14.
We
watched
the
army
_________
(march)
down
the
street
towards
the
park.
performing
whispering
marching
A
verb-ing
has
perfect
form
Take
the
verb
work
as
an
example:
Having
worked
side
by
side
with
many
environmentalists,
I
know
that
a
healthy
environment
and
stable
economy
should
be
possible
at
the
same
time.
1.
She
gave
her
opinion
about
the
new
building.
Then
she
left
the
meeting.
Having
given
her
opinion
about
the
new
building,
she
left
the
meeting.
2.
She
made
one
last
effort
to
see
her
husband.
Then
she
returned
home.
Having
made
one
last
effort
to
see
her
husband,
she
returned
home.
Rewrite
the
following
sentences.
3.
I
admired
her
writing
for
many
years.
Then
I
finally
met
her.
Having
admired
her
writing
for
many
years,
I
finally
met
her.
4.
I
was
interested
in
the
Kooris
for
many
years.
Then
I
decided
to
learn
their
language.
Having
been
interested
in
the
Kooris
for
many
years,
I
decided
to
learn
their
language.
A.
This
is
a
letter
to
the
editor
of
a
newspaper.
Complete
the
letter
using
the
verb-ing
form
and
then
discuss
with
a
partner
what
function
the
verb-ing
form
has
in
each
sentence.
Dear
Sir/Madam,
____________
(read)
about
your
newspaper’s
decision
to
start
a
campaign
for
protecting
the
environment,
I
decided
to
write
you
this
letter.
Having
read
The
state
of
our
parks
is
very
(1)
________
(shock),
with
rubbish
everywhere.
I
used
to
find
a
trip
to
the
park
very
(2)
_______
(relax).
Upon
the
arrival
of
spring,
beautiful
birds
would
sing
happily
in
the
park.
I
enjoy
this
very
much.
Now
I
just
find
it
(3)
_____
(tire)
because
I
have
to
pick
up
the
rubbish
where
I
am
going
to
sit.
shocking
relaxing
tiring
The
grass
is
covered
in
plastic
bags
and
food,
and
I
am
sad
that
the
young
people
of
today
do
not
clean
up
before
they
leave
the
park.
There
are
so
many
(5)
__________
(interest)
animals
and
insects
(6)
_____
(live)
in
our
parks.
It
would
be
a
shame
if
they
were
destroyed
because
of
people’s
activities
in
the
park.
Yours,
Wang
Qiang
interesting
living
B.
Read
this
new
report
and
fill
in
the
blanks
with
words
from
the
box
below.
following
keeping
exciting
walking
moving
falling
(1)
_______
News
for
Animal
Lovers!
Two
people
were
arrested
yesterday
at
a
Paris
airport
for
bringing
animals
into
Exciting
Europe
from
South
America
illegally.
One
of
the
customs
officers
saw
a
woman
(2)
_______
in
front
of
a
group.
Then
he
saw
feathers
(3)
______
from
under
her
coat.
Having
seen
this,
the
customs
officer
asked
the
woman
to
come
over
to
his
desk.
walking
falling
He
was
surprised
to
find
ten
birds
inside
her
coat.
There
was
a
short
fat
gentleman
(4)
________
her.
Another
customs
officer
called
him
over
when
it
seemed
he
had
a
(5)
_______
stomach.
On
taking
off
his
jacket,
they
found
a
tortoise.
following
moving
He
had
traveled
on
the
plane
like
this,
(7)
_______
the
tortoise
hidden
in
a
blanket.
keeping
Verb-ing
form
as
an
adverb
Verb-ing形式作状语
Verb-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。Verb-ing
短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，
一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。
1.
作时间状语
Verb-ing
短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：
Hearing
the
good
news,
my
mother
couldn’t
help
laughing.
=When
my
mother
heard
the
good
news,
she
couldn’t
help
laughing.
Having
received
his
letter,
I
decided
to
write
back.
=After
I
had
received
his
letter,
I
decided
to
write
back.
收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。
2.
作原因状语
Verb-ing
短语作原因状语置于句首。如：
Being
so
angry,
he
couldn’t
go
to
sleep.
=Because
he
was
so
angry,
he
couldn’t
go
to
sleep.
因为太生气了，他不能入睡。
Having
been
to
the
Great
Wall
many
times,
he
didn’t
go
last
week.
=Because
(As)
he
had
been
to
the
Great
Wall
many
times,
he
didn’t
go
last
week.
因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。
3.
作条件状语
Verb-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：
Working
hard,
you
will
succeed.
=If
you
work
hard,
you
will
succeed.
如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。
4.
作让步状语
Verb-ing
短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句末，常与even
if,
though连用。
Though
working
from
morning
till
night,
his
father
didn’t
get
enough
food.
=Although
his
father
worked
from
morning
till
night,
he
didn’t
get
enough
food.
虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。
5.
作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如：
They
came
into
the
classroom,
singing
and
laughing.
=They
sang
and
laughed;
they
came
into
the
classroom.
他们又唱又笑地走进教室。
When
working
in
the
factory,
he
was
an
advanced
worker.
=When
he
worked
in
the
factory,
he
was
an
advanced
worker.
注意：
1.
Verb-ing
短语与when,
while,
though,
until,
if
等连词连用时，相当于这些连词引导的一个从句。如：
Though
willing
to
attend
the
party,
he
refused
the
invitation.
=Though
he
was
willing
to
attend
the
party,
he
refused
the
invitation.
While
staying
in
Beijing,
he
came
to
see
me
twice.
=While
he
was
staying
in
Beijing,
he
came
to
see
me
twice.
If
playing
all
day,
you
will
waste
your
valuable
time.
=If
you
play
all
day,
you
will
waste
your
valuable
time.
Though
raining
heavily,
it
cleared
up
very
soon.
=Though
it
was
raining
heavily,
it
cleared
up
very
soon.
小
结
Verb-ing形式在句中作状语时，其
逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。
He
traveled
on
the
plane
like
this,
keeping
the
tortoise
hidden
in
a
blanket.
=
When
he
traveled
on
the
plane
like
this,
he
kept
the
tortoise
hidden
in
a
blanket.
一般说来，verb-ing短语作状语时，其逻辑主语（即verb-ing动作的发出者）要与句子的主语保持一致；如不一致，则可用verb-ing的独立（主格）结构作状语，即“名（代）词
+
verb-
ing”，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。
Weather
permitting,
we
will
have
a
football
match
tomorrow.
独立(主格)结构
一些独立结构：
1.
Generally
__________
(speak),
we
have
learnt
a
lot
in
this
school.
2.
________
(judge)
from
his
appearance,
he
is
somebody.
3.
________
(tell)
you
the
truth,
your
work
is
terrible.
speaking
Judging
To
tell
Time
for
reflection
1.
We
can
use
a
verb-ing
as:
____________,
_____________,
____________
and
____________________.
2.
The
perfect
form
of
a
verb-ing
is
_______________.
3.
Verb-ing
phrases
can
express:
______,
________,
_______,
and
________.
the
attributive
the
predicative
the
adverbial
the
object
complement
having
+
verb-ed
time
reason
result
condition
1.
the
course
very
difficult,
she
decided
to
move
to
a
lower
level.
A.
Find
B.
Finding
C.
To
find
D.
Found
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处动词find与
主语she为主动关系且作原因状语，故用现
在分词finding。句意：（由于）她发现该课
程很难，她就决定转到低一水平的（课程）。
高考链接
2.
______
basic
first-aid
techniques
will
help
you
respond
quickly
to
emergencies.
Known
B.
Having
known
C.
Knowing
D.
Being
known
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此句谓语为will
help，因此所选非谓语动词做主语，故使用
动名词，答案选C。
3.
Laura
was
away
in
Paris
for
over
a
week.
When
she
got
home,
there
was
a
pile
of
mail
______
for
her.
waited
B.
to
wait
C.
waiting
D.
was
waiting
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此题there
be句型的主语mail后接后置定语，wait与mail间为主动关系，且wait这个动作正在进行，故选C，现在分词。
4.
The
room
is
empty
except
for
a
bookshelf
_____
in
one
corner.
A.
standing
B.
to
stand
C.
stands
D.
stood
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词
standing作bookshelf后置定语，表主动
进行。
5.
_______
which
university
to
attend,
the
girl
asked
her
teacher
for
advice.
Not
knowing
B.
Knowing
not
C.
Not
known
D.
Known
not
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语the
girl与
非谓语动词know之间为主动关系，故用现
在分词；且非谓语动词的否定式应在其前
加否定词。据此可知答案为A。此处分词
Not
knowing在句中作原因状语。
6.I
got
to
the
office
earlier
that
day,
the
7:30
train
from
Paddington
caught
B.
to
have
caught
C.
to
catch
D.
having
caught
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意，
因为我赶上了7:30的车，所以那天我更
早地到了办公室，可知赶车发生在到办
公室之前，且与主语I之间为主动关系，
故使用现在分词完成体表主动完成。
7.
Tony
lent
me
the
money,
___
that
I’d
do
as
much
for
him.
A.
Hoping
B.
to
hope
C.
hoped
D.
having
hoped
8.
_____
to
work
overtime
that
evening,
I
missed
a
wonderful
film.
A.
Having
been
asked
B.
To
ask
C.
Having
asked
D.
To
be
asked
9.
The
party
will
be
held
in
the
garden,
weather
____.
A.
permitting
B.
to
permit
C.
permitted
D.
permit
10.
China
recently
tightened
its
waters
controls
near
the
Huangyan
Island
to
prevent
Chinese
fishing
boats
from
____
in
the
South
China
Sea.
A.
attacking
B.
having
attacking
C.
being
attacked
D.
having
been
attacked
11.
Pressed
from
his
parents,
and
____
that
he
has
wasted
too
much
time,
the
boy
is
determined
to
stop
playing
video
games.
A.
realizing
B.
realized
C.
to
realize
D.
being
realized
12.
_____
in
a
long
queue,
we
waited
for
the
store
to
open
to
buy
a
New
iPad.
A.
Standing
B.
To
stand
C.
Stood
D.
Stand
13.
The
lecture,
___
at
7:00
pm
last
night,
was
followed
by
an
observation
of
the
moon
with
telescopes.
A.
starting
B.
being
starting
C.
to
start
D.
to
be
started
14.
He
got
up
late
and
hurried
to
his
office,
____
the
breakfast
untouched.
A.
left
B.
to
leave
C.
leaving
D.
having
left
15.
John
has
really
got
the
job
because
he
showed
me
the
official
letter
____
him
it.
A.
offered
B.
offering
C.
to
offer
D.
to
be
offered
16.
The
old
couple
often
take
a
walk
after
super
in
the
park
with
their
pet
dog
____.
A.
to
follow
B.
following
C.
followed
D.
follows
17.
I
looked
up
and
noticed
a
snake
____
its
way
up
the
tree
to
catch
its
breakfast.
A.
to
wind
B.
wind
C.
winding
D.
wound
18.
______
an
important
decision
more
on
emotion
than
on
reason,
you
will
regret
it
soon
or
later.
A.
Based
B.
Basing
C.
Base
D.
To
base
1.
因为不知道怎样去公园，他向警察求助。
______________________________,
he
turned
to
the
police
for
help.
2.
整天忙着做饭，她看上去有些疲倦。
__________________,
she
looked
tired.
3.
从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
___________________,
he
must
be
ill.
Not
knowing
how
to
go
to
the
park
Cooking
all
day
long
Judging
from
his
face
II:
Translation.
4.
家长们不应该让孩子们整天学习。
Parents
should?not
________________
______________.
5.
当我在街上走时，我看到他了。
__________________,
I?saw?him.
?
6.
只要你努力学习，就会成功。
____________________________.
have?their
children?
studying?all?day
Walking?in?the?street
Working?hard,
you?will?succeed
7.
他的父母去世了，给他留下一大笔钱。
His
parents?died,
_________________
_______.
8.
请用另外一种方法回答这个问题。
?
_____________________________
_______________.
“The
trees
were
planted
three
years
ago,”____________________________
__________(这位农民指着小山高兴地
说).?
leaving?him?a?lot?of?
money
Please?answer?the?question?using?
another?way
said
the
farmer
happily
pointing
at
the
hills
Homework
1.
Review
grammar
and
finish
the
related
exercise.
2.
Preview
task.