宾语从句&定语从句 课件34张

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名称 宾语从句&定语从句 课件34张
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2021中考英语语法复习

宾语从句 定语从句



什么是宾语从句?
We know Yao Ming.
主S 谓V 宾O
We know Yao Ming is a great basketball player.
主S 谓V
that
连接词
宾语从句
宾语从句过三关
连词关
语序关
时态关
I know
that Yao Ming is very
tall.
连词关、语序关
A:Yao Ming is very tall .
B: I know……
I don’t know
if \ whether he is living on Mars.
A: Is he living on Mars ?
B: I don’t know……
He never tells us
why he plays basketball so well.
A: Why does he play
basketball so well ?
B: He never tells us……
第二关:语序关
I know … + “Yao Ming is very tall.”
= I know that Yao Ming is very tall.

主句+ that +陈述句

that没有词义,不充当句子成分,
在口语或非正式语中常被省略。
that- 陈述句
if \ whether – 一般疑问句
特殊疑问词……
(陈述语序)
(陈述语序)
I don’t know… + “Is Yao Ming living on Mars?”
= I don’t know if \ whether Yao Ming is living on Mars.
主句 + if \ whether +一般疑问句
(变陈述语序)
连词if或whether意为“是否”,
不充当句子成分,不可省略。
I want to know …+ “How tall is he ?”
=I want to know how tall he is .
主句 +特殊疑问词+……
(变陈述语序)
连接代词或连接副词有词义,
并且在句中充当成分,不可省略。
语序:宾从陈序
标志:连主谓(连接词+主语+谓语+其他)
主现从任:
主句-- 现在时,从句-- 任意时态

主过从过:
主句—过去时,从句—相应的过去 的时态

真理永现在 :
从句--一般现在时
第三关:时态关
重点回顾
宾从三关:连词关+语序关+时态关
一、连接词
陈述句---that (无词义,可省略)
一般疑问句---if \ whether (是否,不可省略)
特殊疑问句---特殊疑问词(有词义,不可省略)
二、语序关:宾从陈序
三、时态关:主现从任、主过从过、真理永现在
补充:
宾语从句可以用于动词之后,也可用于
主句形容词之后,
如:certain, sure, glad等。
He is glad that the walls in his room are blue.
She is sure that yellow can bring her
good luck.
疑难问题一
以下情况只用whether,不用if。
1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用。如:
Let me know whether you can come or not.
Let me know if you can come or not.
2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导。如:
Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.
If it is true or not, I can’t tell.
3. whether可以引导带to的不定式。如:
I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
I don’t know if to accept or refuse.
4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语。如:
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
I worry about if I hurt her feelings.
疑难问题二
if -宾语从句,意为“是否”(宾从时态)

if-条件状语从句,意为“如果;假如”(主将 从现)
He asked me if \whether I could help him.
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow , we will go hiking.

You will get good grades if you study harder.
The boy who wears a green
jacket is reading a novel.
The boy who wears a white
T-shirt is running.
He is a boy who has magic power.
Harry Potter is a boy who has magic power.
先行词
关系代词
关系词
定语从句
who, that, which, whom , whose
在复合句中修饰某个名词或代词的从句
叫 。
2. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫 。
连接定语从句和先行词的连词叫 或

3. 关系代词在定语从句中作 或 。

定语从句
先行词
关系代词
关系副词
主语
宾语
定语从句
一、概念
关系代词:
who
whom
whose
that
which
先行词是人
先行词是物

关系代词:


关系代词前有介词时(介词提前),
指人用whom
指物用which
作主语,不可省略
作宾语,可以省略
由who引导的定从,who在定从中可
  作主语或宾语
由 whom引导的定从,whom在定从中
作宾语
由whose引导的定从,whose在定从中
作定语

which引导的定从,which在定从中
作主语或宾语

当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词
只能用that

当先行词是something, anything, nothing,
  all等词时,关系代词只能用that

当先行词被序数词、最高级、the only, the
very等修饰时,关系代词只能用that

当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句,
而中心词指人或指物时,关系代词只能
用that
作业中遇到的难题
1. The book isn’t in the library.
what I need
I need
C. that I need it
D. which I need it
B
2. 改错
I will go to the museum that I visited it.
在定语从句中已经有关系代词做宾语了,定语从句中就不能再出现它相应的宾语。
定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致
3. Now we have ten classes which
French.
4. The man who next door to us
is very strange.
learn
lives
Guessing
competition
It’s an invention which
is used for keeping
off the rain.
It’s the vegetable
that can be made
into French fries.
It’s a day that comes after Monday.
It’s the wall that was built by
Chinese people.
Translate:
He who has never been to the
Great Wall is not a true man.
Don’t cut down the tree which
gives you shade.