非谓语动词专项总结与强化训练
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非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词的考点
1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别；2、非谓语动词作定语；
3、非谓语动词作主语和表语；4、非谓语动词作宾语；
5、非谓语动词作宾补；6、非谓语动词作状语；
7、非谓语动词的时态语态。
二、非谓语动词的句法功能
不定式 主语 宾语 表语 宾补 定语 状语
动名词 主语 宾语 表语 定语
分词 表语 宾补 定语 状语
三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别
谓语动词可以在句子中作谓语；非谓语动词只能作修饰语如定语、状语等。
四、非谓语动词作主语和表语
（一）不定式和动名词作主语或表语时的区别要特别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。以非谓语动词作表语为例：一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。另外要注意一些结构：
A) It is +adj/n. 等结构一般用不定式作主语
B)在 It’s no use/ good等结构中只动名词作主语。如：It’s no use quarrelling with such a fellow .注意比较：There’s no need to tell him about it.
C) There is no doing 做…不可能
C) It takes sb some time to do sth 也是不定式做主语 （05.29题）
（二）另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别即interesting和interested等一类词的区别：（05.10）
This lesson is ____________.
I am ___________ with the lesson
I am excited at the exciting news.
五、非谓语动词作定语区别(08.76\2010.15\2010.78)
动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；（和现在分词形式上一样但实际不一样：现在分词强调进行，而表示“身份、职业、行为”等）
如：swimming pool 游泳池 reading room 阅读室（动名词作定语）
不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语区别；
doing表示其与被修饰词是主动的；动作是正在进行之中的
having done表示其与被修饰词是主动的；动作是已经完成的
done 表示其与被修饰词是被动的：动作是已经完成(08.76\07.76\2010.78\09.84)
having been done done 与having been done两个基本一样但后一个更强调动作是已经完成的(2010.78)
being done 表示其与被修饰词是被动的；动作是正在进行之中的
t o do 表示其与被修饰词是主动的；动作是尚未进行的
to be done 表示其与被修饰词是被动的；动作是尚未进行的(2010.15)
如：The school built in 1901 is our school.
The school having been built for two years is our school.
The school to be built in 2015 will be our school.
The school being built there is our school.
The girl speaking there is our sister
The girl to speak here tomorrow is our sister.
The girl having spoken there for two hours is our sister.
特殊情况：用done 仅表示完成；用doing仅表示进行，如fallen leaves 落叶
developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 （07.9）
C)特殊分词（即转化为形容词的exciting\excited等）作定语区别：（06.16）
D)不定式作定语时要还要注意以下一些结构：
I have two pens to write with.
She has two children to take care of.
He is looking for a room to live in.
以上三句话里的介词with、of、in 都不能省略.因为不定式里的动词和被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关即write with pens take care of children live in room
六、非谓语动词作状语
1 不定式作状语一般是目的状语. Only to do 一般是结果状语翻译为“结果却”
（08.9 题）
2 现在分词和过去分词作状语区别：
现在分词和过去分词作状语是目的状语以外的状语。
注释：
逻辑主语：非谓语动词动作的发出者
一致或不一致：分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致或不一致
主动或被动： 分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动或被动的关系。
doing 一致或主动，并且分词表示的动作与谓语动作不分先后 （06.7和09.21）
having done 一致或主动，并且分词表示的动作与谓语的动作有明显先后 （08.30\2010.21）
done 不一致或被动 （05.25和09.19）
having been done 与done 基本一样，只是在被动的同时更强调分词表示的动作比谓语的动作早发生
being done 与done 相比较被动的同时更强调进行
注意：分词作状语时，having done 中的done 与 done, having been done 以及being done 中的done 实质不同，注意区别。
七、非谓语动词作宾语 (05.82\ 06.23\ 07.8 \ 08.8\2010.8\2010.83)
(一)仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, refuse, offer, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, tend, desire, plan, pretend, 等；
(二)动词 know, show 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语,如:know how to do; show how to do (2010.8)
(三)仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow advise permit forbid
但如果在 allow advise permit forbid 后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。在动词 want, need, require, demand 等词后加 动名词 作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。
(四)注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词：(见英语分册)
remember, forget, regret, try, go on, stop,mean,(2010.83)
(五）注意 prefer 的几个常用句型：
prefer to do sth. than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
prefer + n. to + n.
(六)要特别注意 to 的词性，以下几个词组中to 是介词后接动名词，而不是不定式。
be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to习惯于，stick to坚持 ，turn to，devote oneself to 把…奉献给…，be devoted to奉献给，look forward to渴望，pay attention to注意, get down to开始着手做 等
例如：（1）Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
（2）--- How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers
--- The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers.
A. to solving … making B. to solving … made
C. to solve … making D. to solve … made
八、非谓语动词作宾补（05.81\ 06.23\ 07.30 \ 08.10）
(一) 使役动词make, have, let、get 、keep的结构
make sb. do sth
be made to do
make sb\sth done （使某人或某物被怎样）
have sb. do… ; (让某人做某事)
have sb. / sth. doing …; （让某人一直做某事）
have sth. done …; （使某物被怎样）
have sth. to do （有事或物要怎样）
get sb to do (让某人做某事)
keep sb doing 让某人一直做某事)
(二）感官动词see, watch, hear, find, feel等
see sb do （看到某人做过某事，强调事实本身且动作已结束）
see sb doing （看到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行）
see sb\sth done （看到某人或某物被怎样了）
sb be seen to do (某人被看到做某事了)
（三）有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补tell ask advise allow permit forbid teach expect invite cause consider encourage force order persuade request require warn wish want 等
九、不定式的时态和语态 (04.26)
I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone
would love to have done 表示本想去做，但没做成。
2. Robert is said _____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studying
3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _____ everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
十、不定式的省略: (04.25)
为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。如：Would you like to visit our school Yes, I’d like to.
十一、非谓语动词解题思路
A、分析句子结构
1. ________many times , but he still couldn’ t understand it .
2. ________many times , he still couldn’ t understand it .
A. Having been told . B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been told
3. ________to the left , you’ ll find the post office .
4. If you ________to the left , you’ ll find the post office .
5. ________to the left , and you’ ll find the post office .
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned
B、分析逻辑主语
1. ________no buses , we have to walk home .
2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .
A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being
C、分析语态
1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See
D、分析时态
1. The building ______now will be a restaurant .
2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .
3. The building ______last year is a restaurant.
A. having been built B. to be built
C. being built D. built
高考题点击
1. How long will it take you ____the repairs (05.29)
A. complete B. completed C. completing D. to complete
2. This news sounds __________.(05.10)
A. exciting B. excited C. excite D. to excite
3 She kept ___-the word in may hand until I understood.(05.24)
A. speaking B. to speak C. spelling D. to spell
4. The boss told him do not to be late or he would fire him.(05.81)
A B C D
5. Why do they prefer shooting than swimming (05.82)
A B C D
6. Looking out for cars while ____ the street. (06.7)
A. cross B. crossing C. you crossing through D. crossed
7. Hearing the ______ story, the children were____.(06.16)
A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening
C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightened
8. They were made _____ the bridge in half a year. (06.23)
A. finish to build B. to finish building
C. finish to build D. to finish to build
9.He keeps _____ me _____ money. (06.27)
A. pressing, for B. press, for C. pressing, on D. giving, to
10. The next morning she found the man ___ in bed, dead.(07.8)
A. lie B. lying C. lay D. laying
11. The ground is ___ with ___leaves.(07.9)
A. covered, falling B. covered, fallen C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
12. They didn’t mean ___ her, but talking like that means ____ her.(07.30)
A. to hurt, to hurt B. to hurt, hurting C. hurting, hurting D. hurting, to hurt
13. _______(比较) with men, women live longer.(07.75)
14. ____________(flee) Germany, Einstein went to England first.(07.80)
15. I am sorry for keeping you _____ for such a long time.(08.8)
A. wait B. to wait C. waited D. waiting
16. _____ late, he turned off the alarm clock. (08.9)
A. To get up B. Getting up C. Get up D. Have got up
17. He always likes ______ his knowledge before others.(08.10)
A. showing up B. showing off C. taking up D. show off
18. _____ finished the job, they worked more hours.(08.30)
A. Having been not B. Having not been C. Having not D. Not having
19. You’d better not to be late for the meeting again.(08.84)
A B C D
20. Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks much more beautiful.(08.83)
A B C D
21. She can hardly understand the lesson _____(give) by the foreign teacher.(08.76)
22. The doctor told him to ______(呼吸)deeply.(08.73)
23.The doctor advised him to give up _____, but he refused ____ so.(09.14)
A. to smoke, doing B. smoking, to do C. to smoke, to do D. smoking, doing
24. ____ in old English, the book is too difficult for us to understand.(09.19)
A. Writing B. Being written C. Written D. Wrote
25. The young pioneers walked along the river, ____ and ___ wild flowers.
A. singing, gathering B. sang, gathered (09.21)
C. being singing, being gathering D. sing, gather
26. The Beatles sang songs wrote mainly by John Lennon and Paul
A B C D
McCartney.(09.84)
27. ____(be) polite means you should respect others.(09.79)
28.No one tells us ______, so we need your help(2010.8)
A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it
29.The meeting ______ next month is very important for us.(2010.15)
A. held B. holding C. to hold D. to be held
30. __________the letter, he went out to post it.(2010.21)
A. Writing B. Being writing C. Written D. Having written
31. The _________(steal) bikes have been returned to their owners.(2010.78)
32. Remember putting back the book when you have finished reading it.(2010.83)
A B C D
33.----Will you go home tomorrow evening
----No, I’m going to a lecture, or at least, I am planning ___.(04.25)
A. it B. that C. to D. so
34. ----Do you know where the Nature Museum is (04.26)
---Yes, I happen ___ there once.
A. going B. to go C. to be D. to have been
35. The days before Spring Festival, people are busy doing shopping and cl____.(04.66)
36.In 1991, he entered a high school _______(attach) to a music college in Shanghai.(07.76)
一、非谓语动词的考点
1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别；2、非谓语动词作定语；
3、非谓语动词作主语和表语；4、非谓语动词作宾语；
5、非谓语动词作宾补；6、非谓语动词作状语；
7、非谓语动词的时态语态。
二、非谓语动词的句法功能
不定式 主语 宾语 表语 宾补 定语 状语
动名词 主语 宾语 表语 定语
分词 表语 宾补 定语 状语
三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别
谓语动词可以在句子中作谓语；非谓语动词只能作修饰语如定语、状语等。
四、非谓语动词作主语和表语
（一）不定式和动名词作主语或表语时的区别要特别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。以非谓语动词作表语为例：一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。另外要注意一些结构：
A) It is +adj/n. 等结构一般用不定式作主语
B)在 It’s no use/ good等结构中只动名词作主语。如：It’s no use quarrelling with such a fellow .注意比较：There’s no need to tell him about it.
C) There is no doing 做…不可能
C) It takes sb some time to do sth 也是不定式做主语 （05.29题）
（二）另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别即interesting和interested等一类词的区别：（05.10）
This lesson is ____________.
I am ___________ with the lesson
I am excited at the exciting news.
五、非谓语动词作定语区别(08.76\2010.15\2010.78)
动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；（和现在分词形式上一样但实际不一样：现在分词强调进行，而表示“身份、职业、行为”等）
如：swimming pool 游泳池 reading room 阅读室（动名词作定语）
不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语区别；
doing表示其与被修饰词是主动的；动作是正在进行之中的
having done表示其与被修饰词是主动的；动作是已经完成的
done 表示其与被修饰词是被动的：动作是已经完成(08.76\07.76\2010.78\09.84)
having been done done 与having been done两个基本一样但后一个更强调动作是已经完成的(2010.78)
being done 表示其与被修饰词是被动的；动作是正在进行之中的
t o do 表示其与被修饰词是主动的；动作是尚未进行的
to be done 表示其与被修饰词是被动的；动作是尚未进行的(2010.15)
如：The school built in 1901 is our school.
The school having been built for two years is our school.
The school to be built in 2015 will be our school.
The school being built there is our school.
The girl speaking there is our sister
The girl to speak here tomorrow is our sister.
The girl having spoken there for two hours is our sister.
特殊情况：用done 仅表示完成；用doing仅表示进行，如fallen leaves 落叶
developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 （07.9）
C)特殊分词（即转化为形容词的exciting\excited等）作定语区别：（06.16）
D)不定式作定语时要还要注意以下一些结构：
I have two pens to write with.
She has two children to take care of.
He is looking for a room to live in.
以上三句话里的介词with、of、in 都不能省略.因为不定式里的动词和被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关即write with pens take care of children live in room
六、非谓语动词作状语
1 不定式作状语一般是目的状语. Only to do 一般是结果状语翻译为“结果却”
（08.9 题）
2 现在分词和过去分词作状语区别：
现在分词和过去分词作状语是目的状语以外的状语。
注释：
逻辑主语：非谓语动词动作的发出者
一致或不一致：分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致或不一致
主动或被动： 分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动或被动的关系。
doing 一致或主动，并且分词表示的动作与谓语动作不分先后 （06.7和09.21）
having done 一致或主动，并且分词表示的动作与谓语的动作有明显先后 （08.30\2010.21）
done 不一致或被动 （05.25和09.19）
having been done 与done 基本一样，只是在被动的同时更强调分词表示的动作比谓语的动作早发生
being done 与done 相比较被动的同时更强调进行
注意：分词作状语时，having done 中的done 与 done, having been done 以及being done 中的done 实质不同，注意区别。
七、非谓语动词作宾语 (05.82\ 06.23\ 07.8 \ 08.8\2010.8\2010.83)
(一)仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, refuse, offer, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, tend, desire, plan, pretend, 等；
(二)动词 know, show 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语,如:know how to do; show how to do (2010.8)
(三)仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow advise permit forbid
但如果在 allow advise permit forbid 后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。在动词 want, need, require, demand 等词后加 动名词 作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。
(四)注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词：(见英语分册)
remember, forget, regret, try, go on, stop,mean,(2010.83)
(五）注意 prefer 的几个常用句型：
prefer to do sth. than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
prefer + n. to + n.
(六)要特别注意 to 的词性，以下几个词组中to 是介词后接动名词，而不是不定式。
be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to习惯于，stick to坚持 ，turn to，devote oneself to 把…奉献给…，be devoted to奉献给，look forward to渴望，pay attention to注意, get down to开始着手做 等
例如：（1）Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
（2）--- How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers
--- The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers.
A. to solving … making B. to solving … made
C. to solve … making D. to solve … made
八、非谓语动词作宾补（05.81\ 06.23\ 07.30 \ 08.10）
(一) 使役动词make, have, let、get 、keep的结构
make sb. do sth
be made to do
make sb\sth done （使某人或某物被怎样）
have sb. do… ; (让某人做某事)
have sb. / sth. doing …; （让某人一直做某事）
have sth. done …; （使某物被怎样）
have sth. to do （有事或物要怎样）
get sb to do (让某人做某事)
keep sb doing 让某人一直做某事)
(二）感官动词see, watch, hear, find, feel等
see sb do （看到某人做过某事，强调事实本身且动作已结束）
see sb doing （看到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行）
see sb\sth done （看到某人或某物被怎样了）
sb be seen to do (某人被看到做某事了)
（三）有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补tell ask advise allow permit forbid teach expect invite cause consider encourage force order persuade request require warn wish want 等
九、不定式的时态和语态 (04.26)
I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone
would love to have done 表示本想去做，但没做成。
2. Robert is said _____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studying
3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _____ everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
十、不定式的省略: (04.25)
为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。如：Would you like to visit our school Yes, I’d like to.
十一、非谓语动词解题思路
A、分析句子结构
1. ________many times , but he still couldn’ t understand it .
2. ________many times , he still couldn’ t understand it .
A. Having been told . B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been told
3. ________to the left , you’ ll find the post office .
4. If you ________to the left , you’ ll find the post office .
5. ________to the left , and you’ ll find the post office .
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned
B、分析逻辑主语
1. ________no buses , we have to walk home .
2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .
A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being
C、分析语态
1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See
D、分析时态
1. The building ______now will be a restaurant .
2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .
3. The building ______last year is a restaurant.
A. having been built B. to be built
C. being built D. built
高考题点击
1. How long will it take you ____the repairs (05.29)
A. complete B. completed C. completing D. to complete
2. This news sounds __________.(05.10)
A. exciting B. excited C. excite D. to excite
3 She kept ___-the word in may hand until I understood.(05.24)
A. speaking B. to speak C. spelling D. to spell
4. The boss told him do not to be late or he would fire him.(05.81)
A B C D
5. Why do they prefer shooting than swimming (05.82)
A B C D
6. Looking out for cars while ____ the street. (06.7)
A. cross B. crossing C. you crossing through D. crossed
7. Hearing the ______ story, the children were____.(06.16)
A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening
C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightened
8. They were made _____ the bridge in half a year. (06.23)
A. finish to build B. to finish building
C. finish to build D. to finish to build
9.He keeps _____ me _____ money. (06.27)
A. pressing, for B. press, for C. pressing, on D. giving, to
10. The next morning she found the man ___ in bed, dead.(07.8)
A. lie B. lying C. lay D. laying
11. The ground is ___ with ___leaves.(07.9)
A. covered, falling B. covered, fallen C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
12. They didn’t mean ___ her, but talking like that means ____ her.(07.30)
A. to hurt, to hurt B. to hurt, hurting C. hurting, hurting D. hurting, to hurt
13. _______(比较) with men, women live longer.(07.75)
14. ____________(flee) Germany, Einstein went to England first.(07.80)
15. I am sorry for keeping you _____ for such a long time.(08.8)
A. wait B. to wait C. waited D. waiting
16. _____ late, he turned off the alarm clock. (08.9)
A. To get up B. Getting up C. Get up D. Have got up
17. He always likes ______ his knowledge before others.(08.10)
A. showing up B. showing off C. taking up D. show off
18. _____ finished the job, they worked more hours.(08.30)
A. Having been not B. Having not been C. Having not D. Not having
19. You’d better not to be late for the meeting again.(08.84)
A B C D
20. Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks much more beautiful.(08.83)
A B C D
21. She can hardly understand the lesson _____(give) by the foreign teacher.(08.76)
22. The doctor told him to ______(呼吸)deeply.(08.73)
23.The doctor advised him to give up _____, but he refused ____ so.(09.14)
A. to smoke, doing B. smoking, to do C. to smoke, to do D. smoking, doing
24. ____ in old English, the book is too difficult for us to understand.(09.19)
A. Writing B. Being written C. Written D. Wrote
25. The young pioneers walked along the river, ____ and ___ wild flowers.
A. singing, gathering B. sang, gathered (09.21)
C. being singing, being gathering D. sing, gather
26. The Beatles sang songs wrote mainly by John Lennon and Paul
A B C D
McCartney.(09.84)
27. ____(be) polite means you should respect others.(09.79)
28.No one tells us ______, so we need your help(2010.8)
A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it
29.The meeting ______ next month is very important for us.(2010.15)
A. held B. holding C. to hold D. to be held
30. __________the letter, he went out to post it.(2010.21)
A. Writing B. Being writing C. Written D. Having written
31. The _________(steal) bikes have been returned to their owners.(2010.78)
32. Remember putting back the book when you have finished reading it.(2010.83)
A B C D
33.----Will you go home tomorrow evening
----No, I’m going to a lecture, or at least, I am planning ___.(04.25)
A. it B. that C. to D. so
34. ----Do you know where the Nature Museum is (04.26)
---Yes, I happen ___ there once.
A. going B. to go C. to be D. to have been
35. The days before Spring Festival, people are busy doing shopping and cl____.(04.66)
36.In 1991, he entered a high school _______(attach) to a music college in Shanghai.(07.76)