(共26张PPT)
Objectives
1.
了解人类早期的航海术。
2.
了解历史上著名的航海家、探险家及
著名的航海事迹。
3.
学习表示“原因与结果”的用语。
4.
学习本单元的词汇。
5.
进一步复习掌握谓语的用法。
When
we
want
to
talk
about
a
famous
navigator
in
Chinese
history,
who
would
you
like
to
think
of
first?
A
person
who
directs
the
route
or
course
of
a
ship,
aircraft,
or
other
form
of
transportation,
esp.
by
using
instruments
and
maps
navigator
Navigators
or
Explorers
What
is
the
difference
between
a
navigator
and
an
explorer?
Navigator
is
someone
who
finds
the
position
and
plots
the
course
of
a
ship,
an
aircraft,
a
car,
etc,
using
maps
and
instruments.
Navigator
sea
nautical
(航海的)
instruments
find
new
islands
or
continents
Explorer
is
someone
who
travels
into
or
through
a
place
in
order
to
learn
about
it.
Very
often
navigators
are
also
explorers.
Explorer
land
use
of
compass
and
landmarks
find
new
places
within
an
already
identified
island
or
continent
He
(1371-1433)
sailed
from
China
to
many
places
throughout
South
Pacific,
Indian
Ocean,
Persian
Gulf
and
distant
Africa
in
seven
epic
voyages
from
1405
to
1433,
some
80
years
before
Columbus's
voyages.
Zheng
He
He
(1254-1324)
was
born
in
Venice.
He
is
probably
the
most
famous
Westerner
to
travel
the
Silk
Road.
He
reached
further
than
any
of
his
predecessors,
travelling
beyond
Mongolia
and
into
China.
Finally
his
adventures
were
written
down
and
this
book
was
published
and
became
a
best-seller.
Marco
Polo
Marco’s
Traveling
Map
Map
of
China
in
Yuan
Dynasty
Marco
Polo
traveled
with
his
father
to
China
during
the
Yuan
Dynasty,
when
Kublai
Khan
ruled
China.
Marco
was
surprised
at
Chinese
customs
and
skills
such
as
using
coal
for
heating,
paper
money,
noodle-making
and
many
other
things.
He
(1728-1779)
was
the
greatest
Britain
navigator.
He
enlisted
in
the
Royal
Navy
in
1755.
In
1768
he
was
promoted
and
sent
to
the
Pacific
where
he
surveyed
Tahiti,
New
Zealand,
and
Australia.
On
his
famous
2nd
expedition
(1772-75)
he
explored
Antarctica.
In
1776
in
his
third
and
final
voyage,
he
explored
the
West
coast
of
North
America
and
discovered
the
Hawaiian
Islands.
James
Cook
He
(1451–1506)
was
a
Spanish
sailor.
He
made
four
voyages.
He
is
famous
all
over
the
world
now.
People
consider
him
to
have
discovered
America
first.
Columbus
The
four
basic
instruments
for
navigation:
Sinan,
Inch
Astrolabe,
Sextant
and
nautical
map.
Sinan,
the
ancient
Chinese
compass.
Pre-reading
It
was
invented
by
Zhang
Heng
in
the
Han
dynasty.
It
is
made
up
of
a
bronze
foundation
(青铜地盘)
and
magnetic
spoon
(磁勺)
which
is
made
of
natural
magnet,
positioned
right
in
the
central
of
the
foundation.
The
handle
of
the
spoon
points
to
the
south,
while
the
other
side
points
to
the
north.
When
the
Sinan
is
in
the
still,
the
handle
of
the
spoon
points
to
the
south
because
of
influence
of
the
terrestrial
magnetism
(地磁).
It
has
17
stars
listed
as
well
as
a
map
of
the
sky
overhead
(for
37
degrees)
and
the
ecliptic
(黄道).
The
time
of
day
or
night
is
on
the
outside
edge
with
noon
at
the
top
of
the
Astrolabe
and
midnight
at
the
bottom.
It
comes
with
a
carrying
chain,
a
pouch,
and
a
book
on
its
use.
The
reverse
side
has
a
sight
for
measuring
the
elevations
of
the
heavenly
bodies.
astrolabe
sextant
The
sextant
is
a
navigational
instrument
for
measuring
the
angle
between
the
horizon
and
some
object
in
the
sky.
First
a
sailor
looks
at
the
horizon
through
an
eyepiece.
At
the
same
time
he
can
see
light
from
the
sun
or
a
star
reflected
off
a
small
mirror
on
top
of
the
instrument,
onto
a
second
mirror
and
into
the
eyepiece.
The
navigator
can
then
see
two
images,
the
horizon
and
the
sun
side
by
side.
He
can
then
measure
the
angle
between
them
on
a
scale
at
the
bottom
of
the
instrument.
The
scale
goes
from
0
to
120
degrees.
An
earlier
instrument,
called
a
quadrant,
measured
in
angle
in
the
same
way
but
it
could
only
measure
angles
from
0
to
90
degrees.
sea
/
nautical
/
marine
chart
Nautical
charts
are
maps
of
the
depth
of
the
sea
and
the
currents
of
the
oceans.
They
provide
modern
sailors
with
routes
through
the
seas,
rather
like
roads
through
the
countryside.
The
information
began
to
be
collected
in
the
nineteenth
century
and
has
continued
to
be
updated
ever
since.
These
charts
were
not
available
to
Captain
Bligh
or
Zheng
He.
Which
ones
do
you
think
are
still
used
today?
Sea
charts
are
still
used
today.
1
How
do
you
think
seamen
found
their
way
before
modern
accurate
methods
of
navigation
were
invented?
Answer
the
questions.
Kept
close
to
the
shore,
used
nature
such
as
the
sun,
wind,
birds,
tide,
etc,
to
help
them,
and
used
some
of
the
instruments
including
a
compass,
astrolabe,
etc.
2
Which
do
you
think
was
easier
to
work
out:
latitude
or
longitude?
Latitude,
because
it
was
used
to
measure
how
far
you
had
travelled
from
land
on
a
straight
line.
It
was
discovered
a
long
time
before
longitude.(共40张PPT)
The
Predicate
Unit
2
Grammar
Objectives
1.
明确谓语的概念；
2.
复习动词谓语的用法；
2.
辨认谓语的形式。
Sea
captains
observed
the
clouds
over
islands.
In
the
evening
nesting
birds
return
to
land
and
their
nests.
Fog
gathers
at
sea
as
well
as
over
streams
or
rivers.
Wise
seamen
used
the
winds
to
direct
their
sailing.
We
call
the
red
words
——
Predicates.
So
the
Vikings
would
observe
the
winds
before
and
during
their
outward
or
return
journeys.
Nobody
knew
that
the
earth
moved
westwards
15
degrees
every
hour,
but
sailors
did
know
an
approximate
method
of
calculating
longitude
using
speed
and
time.
谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。通常放置在主语之后。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数的变化。
及物动词
不及物动词
连系动词
情态动词
动词可分为:
需要跟有宾语的动词叫及物动词。
Children
seek
independence.
The
trial
raised
a
number
of
questions.
He
has
always
liked
Mr.
Philips.
He
made
the
shortest
speech
I
have
ever
heard.
不需要跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词。
Her
whole
body
ached.
Donald
was
lying
on
the
bed.
Bob
coughed
all
night.
许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及物动词。
Gus
asked
me
whether
I’d
like
to
have
dinner
with
him.
I
accepted.
(vi.)
I
accepted
the
invitation.
(vt.)
He
painted
every
day.
(vi.)
He
painted
vivid
portraits
of
friends
and
acquaintances.
(vt.)
Father
never
smoked
or
drank
all
his
life.
(vi.)
He
drank
a
good
deal
of
coffee.
(vt.)
At
last
she
thanked
them
and
left.
(vi.)
All
I
know
is
that
Michael
and
I
never
left
the
house.
(vt.)
谓语大体上可以分为两类：
简单谓语和复合谓语。
The
plane
takes
off
at
8
but
this
morning
it
may
be
delayed
by
the
thick
fog．
I
have
tried
this
way
three
times
and
failed
three
times．
简单谓语
凡是由一个动词或动词短语构成，不管是
什么时态、语态、语气，都是简单谓语。
飞机八点起飞，但今天早晨可能会被大
雾耽搁。
我用这种方法试了三次，失败了三次。
复合谓语有两类：第一类是由情态动词+
动词原型或动词不定式与另外的词构成；
第二类是由“系动词+表语”构成。
复合谓语
I
would
like
to
invite
all
my
friends
to
the
get-together.
我想邀请我所有的朋友去参加聚会。
The
weather
gets
warmer,
and
the
days
get
longer.
天气变的暖了，白天变的长了。
意义一致原则、语法一致原则和邻近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。
英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：
主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。
语法一致原则
1.
Mr
Black
is
a
well-known
scientist
on
AIDS．
2.
These
books
are
intended
for
children
under
nine
years
old．
布莱克先生是著名艾滋病科学家。
这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。
The
old
are
very
well
taken
care
of
in
our
city．
意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是
以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。
(the
old指所有的老年人，指一类人，
指复数概念)
老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。
邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是
以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。
邻近一致原则
Not
Jack
but
his
parents
are
to
blame
for
the
home
accident．
(根据靠近谓语的主语his
parents而定)不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。
1
代词each和由every,
some,
no,
any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,
every,
谓语需用单数。
谓语需用单数的几种情形
a
Each
of
us
has
a
tape-recorder.
b
There
is
something
wrong
with
my
watch.
The
Arabian
Night
is
a
book
known
to
lovers
of
English.
2
当主语是一本书或一条格言时，
谓语动词常用单数。
《一千零一夜》是被英语爱好者所熟知的一本书。
3
表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变)
Three
weeks
was
allowed
for
making
the
necessary
preparations.
Underline
the
predicates
in
the
sentences.
1.
James
Cook
was
a
great
English
navigator
and
Pacific
Ocean
expedition
leader.
2.
He
had
not
only
an
outstanding
ability
in
navigation
and
exploration,
but
also
a
real
concern
for
sailors’
health.
He
carried
out
compulsory
dietary
reforms
that
were
copied
by
many
other
ship
captains.
3.
He
had
led
three
great
Pacific
voyages
during
his
life.
4.
In
his
first
Pacific
voyage
in
1769,
James
Cook
rounded
Cape
Horn,
then
spent
six
months
charting
New
Zealand,
and
finally
explored
and
claimed
possession
of
eastern
Australia.
5.
In
1772,
Captain
Cook
set
sail
to
look
for
a
“theorized
great
southern
continent”.
Although
they
could
not
manage
to
reach
the
Antarctic
owing
to
the
ice,
he
predicted
that
if
it
did
exist,
it
would
have
to
be
a
wasteland.
6.
In
1776,
Captain
cook
started
his
third
Pacific
voyage,
searching
for
the
Northwest
Passage
from
the
Pacific
Ocean
to
the
Atlantic
Ocean.
Unfortunately,
he
was
killed
in
a
dispute
with
Hawaiian
natives
and
his
men’s
attempt
at
the
Northwest
Passage
was
unsuccessful.
However,
this
voyage
is
still
recognized
as
especially
significant
in
the
history
of
the
discovery
of
the
west
coast
of
North
America.
At
last,
we
found
ourselves
in
a
pleasant
park
with
trees
providing
shade
and
_________
down
to
eat
our
picnic
lunch．
A.
sitting
B.
having
sat
C.
to
sit
D.
sat
答案解析：
本题考查并列谓语的选择。found与
sat
down应为并列谓语，而其余各
项均为非谓语动词形式不能单独作
谓语，解题时务必注意并列连词的
作用。
Professor
Smith,
along
with
his
assistants,
_______
on
the
project
day
and
night
to
meet
the
deadline.
A.
work
B.
working
C.
is
working
D.
are
working
答案解析：
本题考查主谓一致用法。当“主语
+
along
with
/
with
/
together
with
+
n.
/
pron.
”
结构作主语时。其谓语动词
的单复数应与主语保持一致。
因
Professor
Smith作主语，故应用单数
谓语动词is
working。
Review
复习谓语：
1.
谓语的定义；
2.
谓语的类型（简单谓语和复合谓
语）；
3.
主谓一致。
Individual
activity
1.
A
poet
and
artist
______
coming
to
speak
to
us
about
Chinese
literature
and
painting
tomorrow
afternoon.
??
A.
is?
B.
are?
C.
was?
D.
were
Quiz
I:
Multiple
choice
2.
The
company
had
about
20
notebook
computers
but
only
one-third
_______
used
regularly.
Now
we
have
60
working
all
day
long.
?A.
is
?
B.
are
C.
was
D.
were
3.
A
survey
of
the
opinions
of
experts
______
that
three
hours
of
outdoor
exercise
a
week
_____
good
for
one’s
health
A.
show;
are
B.
shows;
is
C.
show;
is
D.
shows;
are
4.
We
live
day
by
day,
but
in
the
great
things,
the
time
of
days
and
weeks
_________
so
small
that
a
day
is
unimportant.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
has
been
D.
have
been
5.
The
performance
_____
nearly
three
hours,
but
few
people
left
the
theatre
early.
A.
covered
B.
reached
C.
played
D.
lasted
6.
The
story
of
the
homeless
orphan
has
_____
sympathy
from
the
public.
A.
aroused
B.
attracted
C.
defended
D.
adopted
7.
The
teacher
together
with
the
students
_______
discussing
Reading
Skills
that
_______
newly
published
in
America.
?
A.
are;
were?????
B.
is;
were???
C.
are;
was???????
D.
is;
was
8.
The
population
of
Jiangsu
______
to
more
than
twice
what
it
was
in
1949.
The
figure
is
now
approaching
74
million.
A.
has
grown???????
B.
have
grown??????
C.
grew??????
D.
are
growing
9.
Barbara
is
easy
to
recognize
as
she’s
the
only
one
of
the
women
who
________
evening
dress.
A.
wear
B.
wears
C.
has
worn
D.
have
worn
10.
Such
poets
as
Shakespeare
______
widely
read,
of
whose
works,
however,
some
_______
difficult
to
understand.
A.
are;
are
B.
is;
is
C.
are;
is
D.
is;
are
1.
As
you
can
see,
the
number
of
cars
on
our
roads
______
(keep)
rising
these
days.
2.
I
have
to
go
to
work
by
taxi
because
my
car
_______________
(repair)
at
the
garage.
3.
What
we
used
to
think
_______
(be)
impossible
does
seem
possible
now.
keeps
is
being
repaired
was
Quiz
II:
用括号内所给动词的适当形式
填空。
4.
The
use
of
credit
cards
in
place
of
cash
____________
(increase)
in
recent
years.
5.
Newton
_____________
(explain)
the
movements
of
the
moon
from
the
attraction
of
the
earth.
6.
Since
I
won
the
big
prize,
my
telephone
hasn’t
stopped
ringing.
People
____________
(phone)
to
ask
how
I
am
going
to
spend
the
money.
has
increased
has
explained
are
phoning
Quiz
III:
Translation
1.
昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。
I
made
your
birthday
cake
last
night.
2.
课上完了，我们回家吧。
School
is
over.
Let’s
go
home.
3.
他看起来很忧愁。
He
looked
worried.
4.
地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖。
Three
fourths
of
the
surface
of
the
earth
is
covered
with
water.
5.
他们想得到的是大量的好书。
What
they
want
to
get
are
a
number
of
good
books.
6.
我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。
My
father
as
well
as
his
workmates
has
been
to
Beijing.
Finish
the
Exercises
—
USING
STRUCTURES
on
Page
62
in
your
Workbooks.(共21张PPT)
Unit
2
1
Now
that
you
have
read
some
of
Sindbad's
story
it
is
your
task
to
complete
it
in
an
exciting
way.
First,
in
pairs,
sort
out
the
structure
of
the
story.
Structure
of
the
story
Information
need
Information
gained
1
Beginning
Hero
Sindbad
Place
Type
of
writing
Baghdad
fiction
2
Deve-lopment
Place
1
What
happens
Place
2
What
happens
on
an
unknown
island
Sindbad
is
left
behind
by
the
ship,
sees
a
bird
and
ties
himself
to
its
leg
to
escape.
on
a
high
hill
Sindbad
unties
himself
and
sees
the
hill
is
covered
in
diamonds.
2
Now
in
pairs
you
are
going
to
devise
an
ending
for
the
story.
Remember
that
you
want
the
escape
to
be
as
exciting
as
possible
but
without
using
magic.
Be
prepared
to
tell
your
ending
together
to
the
rest
of
the
class.
3
Ending
Place
how
it
ends
hero’s
situation
Sindbad
falls
down
a
hole
and
lands
on
the
beach.
Ship
passing
by
rescues
him.
Rich
(diamonds);
Back
to
Baghdad
Now
you
are
ready
to
make
your
own
Sindbad
story.
It
will
be
his
third
adventure.
Where
does
the
story
start?
Why
does
Sindbad
leave
Baghdad
this
time?
What
happens
on
the
voyage?
Where
does
the
adventure
take
place?
How
does
he
find
riches?
What
problem
does
he
have?
How
does
he
escape?
S1:
Where
do
you
think
Sindbad
should
go
this
time?
He
seems
to
have
travelled
to
tropical
islands
and
other
strange
places.
Perhaps
he
should
go
to
Antartica
this
time.
S2:
A
good
idea.
He
can
set
off
from
Baghdad
and
get
carried
by
a
strong
wind
to
colder
parts.
His
ship
can
be
hit
by
an
iceberg
and
he
is
the
only
survivor
on
an
iceberg.
Sample
dialogue
S1:
That
sounds
wonderful.
Which
animals
live
in
Antarctica?
S2:
Penguins
seem
to
be
the
only
animals
that
live
there.
Perhaps
they
can
mistake
him
for
food
and
drag
him
across
the
ice
to
their
nests.
S1:
There
he
discovers
that
the
penguins
use
gold
to
line
their
nests
and
if
he
can
get
some
and
get
away
he
will
become
rich
again.
S2:
Good
thinking.
Perhaps
another
iceberg
can
hit
the
place
where
the
penguins
live.
It
rocks
the
nests
and
releases
the
gold.
In
addition
it
exposes
an
old
and
abandoned
boat
covered
by
ice
and
snow
and
forgotten
by
its
owners.
Sindbad
can
use
that
to
sail
back
to
Baghdad.
S1:
Great!
Let's
get
writing.
Now
begin
to
write
your
own
Sindbad
story.
Use
the
stories
you
have
read
and
heard
to
improve
your
writing.
Follow
the
process
set
out
below
(given
in
the
text
book
p.65).
One
warm
sunny
day
Sindbad
was
sitting
in
its
Baghdad
home
when
a
messenger
came
banging
on
his
door.
He
carried
a
letter
from
the
government
begging
Sindbad
to
join
an
expedition
bound
for
the
islands
where
he
had
earlier
found
so
many
diamonds.
He
quickly
agreed.
Sample
Writing
The
day
he
set
sail
was
fine
and
the
wind
strong.
It
carded
the
ship
rapidly
out
of
the
harbor
and
into
the
open
sea.
Once
there
it
changed
into
a
howling
gale
which
tore
at
the
ship's
sails
and
dragged
it
southwards.
The
sailors
were
very
frightened
and
went
below
for
safety
but
Sindbad
remained
on
deck
looking
at
the
waves.
It
was
lucky
he
did,
for
no
sooner
had
the
sailors
gone
below
than
the
ship
hit
an
enormous
iceberg
and
immediately
sank.
All
were
drowned
except
Sindbad
who
was
able
to
crawl
onto
the
iceberg
before
his
ship
sank.
He
lay
there
in
fear
for
some
hours.
Later
he
became
so
hungry
that
he
was
forced
to
move
around
on
the
iceberg
searching
for
food.
But,
alas,
only
penguins
live
in
Antarctica
so
Sindbad
remained
hungry.
Just
as
he
had
curled
himself
up
into
a
ball
to
try
and
go
to
sleep
and
forget
his
problems,
he
felt
himself
being
pulled
across
the
ice.
A
large
penguin
was
towing
him
like
a
boat
behind
it
and
towards
a
large
nest.
Inside
the
nest
he
placed
the
terrified
Sindbad,
next
to
three
small
baby
penguins.
The
mother
penguin
then
began
to
feed
the
babies
and
kept
trying
to
peck
Sindbad
and
remove
some
flesh
from
his
body.
This
action
was
extremely
painful
and
to
avoid
it
Sindbad
tried
to
hide
in
the
bottom
of
the
nest.
As
he
did
so,
he
noticed
that
the
bottom
of
the
nest
shone
with
a
yellow
glow
and
as
he
explored
further
he
soon
found
that
the
glow
came
from
gold.
It
seemed
that
the
penguins
lined
their
nests
with
gold!
Sindbad
struggled
to
collect
some
gold
for
himself
but
his
efforts
were
in
vain.
Then
suddenly
an
iceberg
hit
the
place
where
the
nest
lay
so
firmly
that
the
nest
broke
apart,
the
gold
was
revealed
and
the
penguins
were
thrown
into
the
sea.
Sindbad
grabbed
the
gold
and
looked
around
for
a
means
of
escape.
Suddenly
he
saw
the
unmistakable
outline
of
a
ship
covered
by
ice
and
snow
but
still
seaworthy.
Sindbad
quickly
uncovered
it
and
seizing
the
oars
began
to
row
to
the
north.
Before
too
long
he
was
picked
up
by
another
ship
and
returned
to
Baghdad,
covered
in
glory
and
rich
once
again.(共63张PPT)
Before
the
class
I
want
you
to
be
engaged
in
the
material.
I
want
you
to
be
engaged
in
whatever
it
is
that
we
are
discussing
in
class.
Not
necessarily
thinking
about
getting
down
every
word
that
I
say.
I’d
like
you
to
take
active
notes
rather
than
passive
notes.
Write
down
what
can
make
you
feel
or
learn
something.
Better
attention,
better
understanding
of
the
material
if
you
are
actively
engaged.
Better
attention,
better
understanding
of
the
material
if
you
are
actively
engaged.
I
want
you
to
be
engaged
in
the
material.
I
want
you
to
be
engaged
in
whatever
it
is
that
we
are
discussing
in
class.
Not
necessarily
thinking
about
getting
down
every
word
that
I
say.
I’d
like
you
to
take
active
notes
rather
than
passive
notes.
Write
down
what
can
make
you
feel
or
learn
something.
Unit
2
Reading
SAILING
THE
OCEANS
Words
and
expressions
review
latitude
voyage
mercy
at
the
mercy
of
encyclopedia
alongside
exploration
minimum
n.
纬度
n.
航海;
航行
n.
仁慈;
宽恕;
怜悯
受……支配
n.
百科全书
prep.
靠着;
沿着
adv.
在旁边;
沿着边
n.
探险;
探测
adj.
最小的;
最低的
Words
review
celestial
pole
equator
horizon
overhead
seaweed
nowhere
offshore
adj.
天上的
n.
地极;
柱;
杆
n.
赤道
n.
地平线;
视野
adj.
在头上的
adv.
在头顶上;
在空中;
在高处
n.
海草;
海藻
adv.
无处
adj.
离岸的;
海面上的
outward
tide
secure
knot
log
nautical
nautical
mile
magnetic
random
adj.
外面的;
向外的
adv.
向外;
在外
n.
潮;
潮汐;
潮流;
趋势
adj.
安全的;
可靠的
n.
结
v.
打结
n.
原木;
木材
adj.
海上的;
航海的
海里
adj.
磁的;
有磁性的
adj.
任意的;
随便的
Words
and
expressions
review
awkward
reference
precise
simplify
portable
shortcoming
updated
tendency
reliable
adj.
难使用的;
笨拙的
n.
参考
adj.
精确的;
准确的
vt.
单一化;
简单化
adj.
轻便的;
手提的;
便携的
n.
缺点;
短处
vt.
更新
n.
趋向;
倾向
adj.
可靠的;
可信赖的
Words
review
Skimming
to
get
general
ideas
Skimming
Reading
Comprehension
I
Read
the
passage
quickly
and
choose
the
best
answer.
Which
is
fit
to
describe
this
passage?
It
is
a
______.
A.
narration
(记叙文)
B.
exposition
(说明文)
C.
prose
(散文)
D.
poem
From
the
reading
passage
we
have
learned
_________.
A.
why
early
seamen
wanted
to
sail
the
seven
seas
B.
that
there
is
useful
information
in
an
encyclopedia
C.
that
early
sailors
went
exploring
the
sea
using
their
skills
and
simple
instruments
D.
why
latitude
and
longitude
are
important
to
plot
a
ship’s
position
Careful
reading
to
solve
difficult
points
at
the
mercy
of
without
any
protection
against;
helpless
before
任由……摆布；在……面前无助
They
were
lost
at
sea,
at
the
mercy
of
wind
and
weather.
他们在海上迷失了方向，任凭风和天气的摆布。
I
don’t
like
to
be
at
the
mercy
of
such
a
man.
我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。
have
mercy
on
/
show
mercy
to
对……表示怜悯
The
terrorists
showed
no
mercy
to
the
hostages.
恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。
without
mercy
毫不留情地
The
mother
left
the
dying
baby
in
the
hospital
without
mercy.
那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。
It’s
a
mercy
(that)
(口)幸运的是，幸亏
(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运)
It’s
a
mercy
the
accident
happened
so
near
the
hospital.
幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。
It’s
a
mercy
she
wasn’t
seriously
hurt.
幸运的是她伤势不重。
even
though
用作连词，意为“尽管，即使”，引导让步状语从句。
[高考示例]
There
was
never
any
time
for
Kate
to
feel
lonely,
______
she
was
an
only
child.
(2005辽宁)
A.
ever
since
B.
now
that
C.
even
though
D.
even
as
even
though
“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。
ever
since
“自从……以来”，常和完成时态连用；now
that
“既然，由于”；even
as
“正当，恰恰在……的时候”。
[拓展]
even
though
和even
so
的区别：even
though
=
even
if
用作连词，引导让步状语从句；even
so
用作副词，意思是“尽管这样/那样，即便如此”。
[高考示例]
Your
uncle
seems
to
be
a
good
driver;
______,
I
wouldn’t
dare
to
travel
in
his
car.
(2005江西)
A.
even
so
B.
even
though
C.
therefore
D.
so
reference
n.
提及,
涉及,
参考,
参考书目,
证明书(人),
介绍信(人)
At
the
meeting
the
teacher
made
references
to
his
heroic
deeds.
在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。
These
are
reference
books
for
teachers.
这些是教师参考书。
If
you
don’t
know
what
this
means,
please
refer
to
the
dictionary.
如果你不知道这是什么意思，请查看字典。
Her
pupils
often
refer
to
this
dictionary.
她的学生经常查这本字典。
Don’t
refer
to
it
again.
别再提那件事。
【知识拓展】
refer
v.
提到，说起，涉及；参考，查
询，常与to连用。
precise
adj.
精确的,
准确的
precision
n.
精确(性),
精密(度)
I
can’t
give
you
a
precise
date.
我无法告诉你确切的日期。
A
camera
is
an
instrument
of
precision.
照相机是一种精密仪器。
S
subject
主语
P
predicate
谓语
O
object
宾语
Att
attribute
定语
Adv
adverbial
状语
Com
complement
补语
Pre
predicative
表语
C
clause
从句
Short
forms
缩略语
Difficult
sentences
analysis
The
number
of
knots
that
were
counted
during
a
fixed
period
of
time
gave
the
speed
of
the
ship
in
nautical
miles
per
hour.
在一定时间内计算出有多少个结，就可以算出船只每小时航行多少英里的速度。
S
Att
C
P
O
Adv
Later,
when
seamen
began
to
use
the
compass
in
the
12th
century
they
could
calculate
longitude
using
complicated
mathematical
tables．
后来，当12世纪海员们开始使用指南
针的时候，他们就可以用复杂的数学表来计算出经度了。
using
complicated
mathematical
tables
是现在分词短语作状语，表示手段。
The
compass
has
a
special
magnetic
pointer
which
always
indicates
the
North
Pole,
so
it
is
used
to
help
find
the
direction
that
the
ship
needs
to
go.
pointer
是先行词,
which
是引导词,
在从句中作主语,
引导后面定语从句always
indicates
the
North
Pole;
so
后面引导的是结果状语从句;
the
direction
作为先行词,
that是引导词,
引导定语从句the
ship
needs
to
go。
指南针有一个特殊的磁针，始终指着北极。因此人们用它来帮助找出船只所要去的方向。
Tips
for
teacher
Let
the
word
fly
板块是帮助学生学
习一些一词多义、熟词生义的词汇。
通过此环节，学生可以对一些常见词
的用法、意思有一个透彻的了解。
Let
the
word
fly
Two
teams
will
have
a
race.
The
team
that
first
give
the
proper
meaning
will
get
one
point.
Team
racing
Ready?
work
sth.
out
/
work
out
sth.
①
to
calculate
an
answer,
amount,
price,
or
value
②
to
find
the
answer
to
sth.;
to
solve
sth.
找到……的答案；处理；解决
③
to
plan
or
think
of
sth.
计划；思考
计算；算出
eg.
⑴
See
if
you
can
work
out
this
bill
out.
⑵
The
plot
is
so
complicated
that
it’ll
take
you
a
while
to
work
it
out.
⑶
I’ve
worked
out
a
new
way
of
doing
it.
⑷
I
haven’t
worked
out
who’s
gone
to
look
after
the
kids
tonight.
计算
解决
思考
计划
Next,
let’s
get
a
further
understanding
about
the
Reading.
SAILING
THE
OCEANS
Using
nature
to
help
keeping
alongside
coastline
Part
1
Using
navigational
instruments
to
help
…
Part
2
Using
celestial
bodies
Using
wildlife
Finding
longitude
Using
the
sea
Finding
latitude
Using
the
weather
Scanning
to
get
detail
information
Scanning
Reading
Comprehension
II
1.
Before
modern
instruments
were
invented,
people
hardly
used
any
navigation.
2.
Early
sailors
could
use
the
height
of
the
sun
to
work
out
their
latitude.
3.
Seamen
can’t
sail
the
sea
if
they
don’t
know
latitude
and
longitude.
4.
Wind
could
accelerate
sailing
speed
and
it
was
always
safe
and
easy
to
use.
5.
The
compass
always
indicates
the
North
Pole,
and
seamen
could
find
the
direction
that
the
ship
needed
to
go
with
its
help.
1
What
is
the
use
of
a
bearing
circle,
astrolabe,
quadrant
or
sextant?
(
)
What
is
the
use
of
a
compass?
(
)
A
to
set
the
course
of
the
ship
B
to
measure
the
position
of
the
ship
C
to
measure
the
speed
of
the
ship
D
to
tell
the
time
B
A
1
Read
the
passage
and
answer
the
following
questions.
Speed
and
time
are
important
in
finding
out
the
longitude
of
a
ship
because
the
earth
moves
fifteen
degrees
westwards
every
hour.
If
you
know
your
direction,
speed
and
time,
you
can
work
out
the
approximate
longitude
or
change
in
your
position
in
relation
to
the
stars.
Why
are
speed
and
time
important
in
working
out
the
longitude
of
a
ship?
The
position
of
the
sun
and
stars
are
useful
for
working
out
latitude
because
they
are
fixed
points
in
the
sky
and
their
movements
in
relation
to
the
earth
are
already
known.
So
they
can
be
used
to
measure
a
ship's
position.
3
Why
is
the
position
of
the
sun
and
various
stars
useful
for
working
out
latitude?
The
sailors
would
need
to
be
excellent
navigators,
able
to
cope
with
both
hot
and
cold
weather,
experienced
in
sailing
through
very
bad
weather
and
able
to
co-operate
in
a
team.
2
Suppose
you
were
a
sea
captain
aiming
to
sail
round
Africa.
Discuss
in
groups:
1
What
skills
would
you
seek
in
your
sailors?
I
would
anticipate
very
hot
weather
(around
the
equator),
cold
weather
(around
the
Cape
of
Good
Hope),
very
stormy
seas
(around
the
Cape),
and
problems
with
food
and
water
(unless
helped
by
local
natives
the
water
may
be
contaminated
and
the
food
scarce),
etc.
What
problems
would
you
anticipate
for
this
journey?
3
What
would
you
do
if
you
came
across
the
following
problems
during
your
voyage?
Read
the
chart
below
and
fill
in
your
plans
of
action
to
deal
with
them.
What
would
you
do
if:
Plan
of
action
you
were
far
from
land
and
a
storm
arose.
wait
till
the
storm
is
over,
and
then
find
your
new
position
and
return
to
your
original
course
you
knew
your
latitude
but
didn't
know
your
longitude.
you
were
blown
off-course.
use
knots
to
find
your
speed
and
work
out
your
approximate
longitude
use
the
compass
and
the
astrolabe,
quadrant
or
sextant
to
find
out
your
position,
return
to
your
former
course
you
were
offshore
but
you
needed
more
food
and
water.
you
wanted
to
keep
a
straight
course.
follow
nesting
birds
to
shore;
look
for
special
cloud
formations
or
fog
over
streams
to
find
land
use
a
compass
you
were
lost
with
no
land
in
sight.
measure
your
position
using
the
sun
or
stars;
look
for
sea
birds,
cloud
formations,
fog
or
seaweed
to
show
that
land
is
nearby
To
find
the
ship’s
position
at
sea
a
sailor
used
the
North
Star
and
the
sun.
4
Read
the
passage
again
and
use
the
information
to
analyse
the
navigational
skills.
Write
the
answers
in
your
own
words.
Using
nature
2
A
sailor
knew
that
land
was
nearby
if
he
saw
______________________________
_________________________________.
3
Sailors
used
_______________________
______
to
increase
their
speed.
fresh
seaweed,
nesting
birds
returning
home
in
the
evening
or
fog
sea
currents
or
tides
and
winds
Using
instruments
4
There
were
two
methods
to
find
longitude:
1
_________________________
2
_________________________
_________________________.
measuring
time
and
speed
compass
and
complicated
mathematical
tables
5
Write
down
the
working
principles
of
the
following
instruments:
Bearing
circle:
________________________________
________________________________.
Astrolabe:
________________________________
________________________________.
to
compare
the
height
of
the
sun
now
with
the
position
of
the
sun
at
midday
to
compare
the
position
of
the
ship
in
relation
to
some
stars
or
the
sun
Quadrant:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
a
more
precise
form
of
the
astrolabe,
to
measure
how
high
stars
are
above
the
horizon,
and
compare
that
measurement
with
previous
measurements
(using
the
ship
as
one
of
the
fixed
points
to
find
its
position)
Sextant:
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
an
updated
version
of
the
quadrant
and
so
it
was
more
accurate,
to
measure
the
angle
between
two
fixed
points
outside
the
ship
(using
two
mirrors
to
find
the
ship's
position)
5
Imagine
you
are
on
a
boat
with
twenty-nine
other
people.
You
have
a
small
box
for
your
personal
things
but
it
can
only
hold
ten
items.
What
would
you
need
for
a
week's
journey
across
the
North
Sea
to
England?
Category
Items
Category
Items
Clothes
Shoes
Hygiene
Tools
Bedding
Medicines
Games
Books
shirt,
trousers
waterproof
boots
soap
knife,
scissors
blanket
sea-sick
tablets,
cold
medicine
cards,
chess
novels,
essay
collections
Individual
activity
Tim
is
in
good
shape
physically
_______
he
doesn’t
get
much
exercise
A.
if
B.
even
though
C.
unless
D.
as
long
as
Quiz
I:
Multiple
choice
John
is
very
____?—
if
he
promises
to
do
something
he’ll
do
it.
A.
independent
B.
confident
C.
reliable?
D.
flexible
Quiz
II:
Fill
in
the
blanks.
1.
He
was
a
young
sailor
on
his
first
sea
v_______.
2.
She
appealed
to
the
judge
to
have
_____
(forgiveness)
on
her
husband.
3.
A
car
pulled
up
(停下来)
_________
(beside)
ours.
4.
We
need
to
carry
out
a
full
__________
(=
examination)
of
all
the
alternatives.
voyage
mercy
alongside
exploration
5.
We
need
a
_________
of
(at
least)
ten
people
to
play
this
game.
6.
The
moon
is
a
________
(of
the
sky)
body.
7.
The
moon
rose
slowly
above
the
_______
(地平线).
8.
This
room
needs
_________
lighting
(=
lights
in
the
ceiling).
9.
These
young
people
have
________
(not
anywhere
)
to
go.
minimum
celestial
horizon
overhead
nowhere
10.
The
_______
(外面的)
appearance
of
the
building
has
not
changed
at
all
in
200
years.
11.
Time
and
____
wait
for
no
man.
(岁月
不待人。)
12.
Endangered
species
need
to
be
kept
______
(safe)
from
poachers
(偷猎者).
13.
He
caught
the
rope
and
_______
(打
结)
it
around
a
post.
outward
tide
secure
knotted
14.
We
asked
a
_________
(任意的)
selection
of
people
what
they
thought.
15.
My
car's
quite
_________
(difficult
to
use)
to
drive.
16.
Knowing
what
had
happened,
I
avoided
making
any
__________
to
(=
mentioning)
weddings.
17.
He
caught
me
at
the
________
(exact)
moment
that
I
fainted.
random
awkward
reference
precise
18.
He
tried
to
_______
(make
simple)
the
story
for
the
younger
audience.
19.
Whatever
his
____________
(faults)
as
a
husband,
he
was
a
good
father
to
his
children.
20.
There
is
a
________
(趋向;
倾向)
for
unemployment
to
rise
in
the
summer.
21.
I
found
this
to
be
a
_________
(dependable)
brand
of
washing
machines.
simplify
shortcomings
tendency
reliable
Quiz
III:
Translation.
1.
这是人生最有益的鉴戒之一。
It
is
one
of
______________
lessons
of
life.
2.
我们可以自由自在地四处观光。
We
______________
look
round
comfortably.
3.
由于接近赤道，马尔代夫群岛终年炎
热。
__________________,
Maldives
is
hot
all
year.
the
most
useful
were
able
to
Close
by
the
equator
4.
他指出，热能使水沸腾。
He
showed
that
the
heat
____________
___
boil
water.
5.
该科学家改善了脱去海水盐分的方法。
The
scientist
perfected
_____________
desalting
seawater.
6.
这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践
中去。
__________
they
can
better
apply
theory
to
practice.
could
be
used
to
a
method
of
In
this
way
7.
要估算别人为我们所提供的服务的
真正价值是极其困难的。
______________________
estimate
the
true
value
of
the
services
which
people
perform
for
us.
8.
它被证明是当年海员们用的一种计算
工具。
______________
one
of
the
mathematical
instruments
that
were
then
in
use
among
seamen.
It
is
extremely
difficult
to
It
proved
to
be
Things
I
can
do
Evaluation
I
can
understand
the
reading
passages.
5
4
3
2
1
I
have
learned
the
difficulties
that
we
may
meet
with
when
sailing
the
oceans.
5
4
3
2
1
I
can
understand
and
spell
the
new
words
and
expressions
and
can
use
them
in
new
situation.
5
4
3
2
1
I
can
understand
the
sentence
patterns
and
write
new
sentences
with
them.
5
4
3
2
1
I
need
more
practice
in
_________________________.
Think
about
what
we’ve
just
learnt
in
today’s
class.
Study
without
reflection
is
a
waste
of
time.
After
the
class
It’s
the
time
where
we
stop
the
class
and
you
look
inward.
It’s
a
time
of
silence
in
a
class.
Surf
on
the
Internet
and
find
more
about
how
seamen
explore
the
oceans.
latitude,
encyclopedia,
pole,
equator,
seaweed,
offshore,
log,
nautical,
magnetic,
portable.
2.
发挥想象，连词成文(50-100字)。(共62张PPT)
Unit
2
1
Before
listening
to
the
tape,
look
at
the
map
below.
Then
write
down
which
new
places
Zheng
He
might
have
visited
on
his
seven
voyages
Zheng
He
was
one
of
the
most
important
navigators
in
Chinese
history.
Li
Huaying
is
explaining
to
her
friend,
Celia
Main,
about
what
Zheng
He
achieved.
Zheng
He’s
Voyage
Ports
or
island
of
interest
that
Zheng
He
may
have
visited:
2
Listen
to
the
tape
for
the
first
time
and
tick
those
ports
and
islands
mentioned
in
the
text.
Then
check
to
see
how
many
you
got
right
out
of
the
six
in
the
pre-listening
activity.
1
____________
2
______________
3
____________
4
______________
5
____________
6
______________
Calicut
Champa
Sumatra
Hormuz
Aden
Mogadishu
Statement
Evidence
1
He
is
the
only
15th
century
Chinese
navigator
we
know.
No
reports
of
other
navigators
for
this
period
have
survived.
3
Read
the
statements
and
listen
to
the
tape
for
the
second
time.
Then
complete
the
chart.
2
He
came
from
Yunnan
Province.
3
His
ships
were
very
large.
4
He
was
very
important.
It
was
written
in
documents.
The
writers
mention
it
in
the
books.
He
made
seven
voyages
and
visited
more
than
thirty
countries.
5
Foreign
kings
liked
Chinese
porcelain
and
silk.
6
He
returned
with
strange
presents
for
the
Emperor.
1
2
Zheng
He
remarks
how
much
the
foreign
kings
liked
porcelain
and
silk.
He
brought
a
giraffe
for
the
Emperor
from
Africa.
He
brought
scarves
of
fine
gold
decorated
with
pearls
and
precious
stones.
4
Listen
to
the
tape
for
the
third
time
and
finish
these
sentences
so
that
they
show
cause
and
effect.
1
The
Emperor
wanted
to
demonstrate
Chinese
power
abroad
so
__________
_________________________________
__________________________________
2
When
he
died
Zheng
He
wanted
people
to
know
how
successful
he
had
been
so
_______________________________
______________
he
sent
Zheng
He
with
a
large
fleet
of
ships
to
visit
new
places
in
neighbouring
countries.
he
put
up
a
pillar
describing
all
his
achievements.
3
The
writers
wanted
people
to
believe
that
Zheng
He's
ships
were
large
so
________
___________________________________
___________________________________
_________
4
The
writers
wanted
people
to
believe
Zheng
He
was
very
important
_______
___________________________________
would
believe
that
he
really
had
achieved
great
things
and
gone
to
many
foreign
countries.
that
they
described
him
as
being
eight
feet
tall.
so
they
WHO
WAS
ZHENG
HE?
(Li
Huaying
=
LH,
Celia
Main
=
CM)
LH:
The
most
famous
Chinese
navigator
was
Zheng
He.
He
lived
from
1371
to
1433
and
made
seven
voyages
around
the
South
China
Sea,
across
to
India
and
even
as
far
as
the
eastern
coast
of
Africa.
It
was
the
600th
anniversary
of
these
voyages
in
2005.
LISTENING
TEXT
CM:
Are
there
other
famous
Chinese
navigators
or
is
he
the
only
one?
LH:
He
is
the
only
one
we've
got
evidence
for.
CM:
So
there
may
have
been
others?
LH:
We
don't
know.
That's
because
a
later
Emperor
may
have
destroyed
a
lot
of
evidence
of
other
voyages.
CM:
I
see.
Where
did
Zheng
He
go?
LH:
The
documents
tell
us
that
he
was
born
in
Yunnan.
He
built
a
pillar
to
record
his
achievements.
It
states
that
he
made
seven
voyages
and
visited
more
than
thirty
countries.
He
said
that
the
Emperor
ordered
him
to
show
the
strength
of
Chinese
power
and
meet
"foreigners
from
beyond
the
seas".
So
he
went
to
unknown
places
and
set
up
trade.
CM:
Tell
me
about
his
voyages.
LH:
Well,
on
his
first
voyage
he
visited
Calicut
in
India.
The
people
there
were
very
impressed
and
a
little
frightened
when
they
saw
so
many
large
ships.
So
the
ruler
wisely
decided
to
make
friends
with
these
strangers.
He
gave
Zheng
He
many
scarves
made
of
gold
and
decorated
with
jewels.
Then
he
entertained
him
and
his
men
with
music
and
songs.
CM:
Did
he
go
to
other
places?
LH:
Yes,
on
other
voyages
he
visited
Champa,
and
Sumatra
near
China,
Hormuz,
and
Aden
in
the
Persian
Gulf
and
Mogadishu
in
Africa.
Zheng
He
opened
diplomatic
relations
with
them
and
gave
them
presents.
CM:
What
did
the
Chinese
offer
as
gifts?
LH:
Zheng
He
found
that
foreign
kings
particularly
admired
Chinese
porcelain
and
silk.
So
that's
why
his
ships
were
filled
with
those
things.
CM:
I
see.
Is
that
why
they
say
his
ships
were
so
large?
LH:
Yes,
I
suppose
so.
When
he
returned
from
India
he
brought
a
giraffe
for
the
Emperor
as
a
present.
So
his
ships
must
have
been
large.
CM:
Some
writers
say
that
the
ships
could
carry
as
many
as
20,000
people
altogether.
LH:
And
other
writers
say
Zheng
He
was
eight
feet
tall!
We
shouldn't
believe
everything
writers
tell
us.
Obviously
they
wanted
to
show
how
important
Zheng
He
was.
Undoubtedly
the
ships
were
large---
but
perhaps
not
that
large!
CM:
I
see.
That
makes
sense.
Well,
thank
you
for
telling
me
about
Zheng
He.
He
sounds
a
fascinating
man.
Answers
may
vary.
May
the
strangest
argument
win!
The
following
information
given
may
help
you
make
your
arguments
well.
Possible
arguments
for
the
voyages
Possible
arguments
against
the
voyages
The
government
can
remove
pirates
from
the
seas.
Then
they
can
tax
the
traders
more.
Armies
to
the
north
of
China
are
a
constant
and
very
real
threat.
They
had
wars
with
the
Chinese
army
in
the
past
and
may
do
so
again
if
China
is
not
prepared.
Possible
arguments
for
the
voyages
Possible
arguments
against
the
voyages
The
voyages
are
very
impressive
and
make
people
in
distant
lands
recognize
the
greatness
of
China.
To
defend
China
against
the
armies
from
the
north
is
very
costly
and
needs
many
soldiers.
There'
will
be
no
money
for
a
fleet.
Possible
arguments
for
the
voyages
Possible
arguments
against
the
voyages
If
we
do
not
continue
the
voyages
we
will
lose
diplomatic
and
trading
connections.
There
is
little
reason
to
continue
foreign
trade.
China
is
so
large
that
it
does
not
need
foreign
trade
to
develop
economically.
(Em
=
Emperor)
Em:
Those
against
the
voyages
may
make
their
arguments
now.
S1:
Your
Excellency,
we
would
like
to
suggest
that
you
do
not
continue
with
these
voyages.
They
are
expensive
and
take
many
soldiers,
who
could
be
protecting
Chinese
borders,
away
on
trading
expeditions.
This
means
our
people
are
left
exposed
to
attacks
by
armies
from
the
north.
Sample
debate
S2:
We
are
a
great
country
and
do
not
need
to
trade
with
other
foreign
countries
to
succeed
economically.
Selling
goods
within
our
borders
is
quite
enough
to
secure
our
future.
So,
Your
Excellency,
there
seems
to
be
no
reason
to
continue
these
voyages.
Em:
Thank
you.
Now
let
me
hear
the
arguments
of
those
who
want
these
voyages
to
continue.
S3:
Thank
you,
Your
Excellency.
These
voyages
are
very
impressive
and
many
people
are
now
able
to
recognize
the
greatness
of
China.
They
help
build
diplomatic
relations
with
other
countries.
What
is
more,
we
can
co-operate
with
other
countries
to
clear
the
South
China
Sea
of
pirates
and
other
troublesome
people.
S4:
In
addition
these
links
can
help
us
with
our
foreign
trade.
We
can
sell
many
things
to
these
countries.
Their
rulers
often
ask
for
more
silk
and
porcelain
goods
and
are
very
eager
for
our
friendship
and
co-operation.
With
our
foreign
trade
connections
we
can
increase
our
position
in
this
area
and
spread
our
influence
even
wider.
Em:
Thank
you
for
your
advice.
I
have
thought
for
a
long
time
on
this
matter
and
I
agree
that
trade
with
other
countries
is
good.
We
can
use
this
opportunity
to
spread
the
greatness
of
China
and
to
increase
our
influence
in
this
region.
It
would
also
help
our
people
if
we
cleared
the
South
China
Sea
of
pirates.
They
cause
difficulties
to
our
fishermen
and
traders
and
hurt
many
innocent
lives.
As
for
our
northern
border,
I
will
secure
that
by
using
other
troops
and
make
sure
we
will
be
secure
in
the
future.
Thank
you
for
your
help.
The
voyages
will
continue!
EXAMPLE:
The
return
voyage
was
calm,
but
during
the
outward
voyage
we
had
one
storm
after
another.
Look
at
each
sentence.
Complete
it
with
a
word
opposite
in
meaning
to
the
one
underlined
in
the
sentence.
1
When
the
dawn
appeared
and
outlined
the
African
mountains,
they
were
very
beautiful,
but
at
_____
the
mountains
appeared
dark
and
very
frightening.
On
the
arrival
of
the
Queen
of
England
everyone
bowed,
but
on
her
__________
.
everyone
waved
her
goodbye
instead.
3
Relaxation
exercises
are
a
good
way
to
calm
one's
mind,
but
too
much
exercise
brings
too
much
________
.
dusk
departure
tension
4
When
climbing
the
mountain
we
had
to
slow
down
before
we
reached
the
top,
but
on
the
way
down
we
___________
all
the
way.
5
To
buy
a
new
car
every
year
would
represent
a
life
of
luxury,
but
not
to
have
one
is
no
________
when
there
are
so
many
buses
and
taxis.
accelerated
hardship
2
Use
the
words
or
phrases
below
in
their
proper
forms
to
complete
the
passage.
survival
portable
starvation
incident
jaws
of
death
compulsory
crew
parcel
thirst
dilemma
psychologically
foresee
Last
year
I
had
a
bad
experience
in
the
jungle
of
South
America.
We
had
set
out
with
a
________
compass,
which
was
__________
for
locating
the
source
of
the
local
river.
Our
depended
_______
on
our
navigating
skills,
but
what
nobody
could
have
________
was
that
we
would
break
our
compass.
portable
compulsory
survival
foreseen
Without
it,
I,
as
leader,
was
on
the
horns
of
a
_______
.
Should
we
wait
for
rescue
or
continue
our
expedition
and
perhaps
get
lost?
My
decision
was
made
when
we
counted
our
food
supplies.
_________
was
not
going
to
be
a
problem,
but
_______
was
something
that
we
were
going
to
have
to
deal
with
______________
.
So
we
waited
where
we
were.
dilemma
Starvation
thirst
psychologically
Luckily
the
police
sent
a
small
airplane
to
find
us
and
drop
us
a
_______
of
supplies
and
a
new
compass.
When
we
eventually
arrived
back
from
our
journey,
the
air
_____
congratulated
us
on
our
escape
from
the
____________
.
Only
their
help
combined
with
our
self-control
and
determination
prevented
this
_______
from
becoming
a
disaster!
crew
jaws
of
death
incident
parcel
1
渐渐地，我习惯了学校的常规。既然我已经上了高级班，就可以自己制定学习计划了。(gradually；
routine)
3
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
and
phrase
in
brackets.
I
have
gradually
accepted
/
got
used
to
the
routine
at
school
now
that
I
am
in
the
advanced
class
and
can
make
my
own
study
plan.
2
让那个女孩来拍广告有一个不利条件，就是她方方的下巴使她看上去不大友好。(drawback；jaw)
The
drawback
of
using
that
girl
for
the
advertising
was
her
square
jaw
which
made
her
look
unfriendly.
3
数学是一门需要精密准确工作的学科。(mathematics；precise)
Mathematics
is
a
subject
which
demands
precise
and
accurate
work.
4
在公园里，我看见一个小男孩手持风筝线，风筝在他的头顶上正由风摆布，忽上忽下。(overhead；at
the
mercy
of
)
In
the
park
I
saw
a
small
boy
holding
the
string
of
a
kite
overhead,
which
was
rising
and
falling
at
the
mercy
of
the
wind.
5
那个探险家想成为第一个到达南极的人以确保他在历史上的地位。(secure;
pole)
That
explorer
wanted
to
secure
his
place
in
history
by
being
the
first
man
to
reach
the
South
Pole.
6
王先生每月往银行里存款，好攒钱买一所公寓，以尽他对家庭的责任。(deposit；responsibility)
Mr
Wang
made
a
deposit
into
the
bank
every
month
to
save
for
a
flat
so
that
he
could
fulfil
his
responsibility
to
his
family.
In
1909
a
disagreement
_____
(arise)
over
who
had
been
the
first
person
to
reach
the
North
Pole.
This
geographical
point
to
the
north
of
the
earth
___________
(can,
find)
among
the
ice
and
snow
that
_____
(float)
on
the
northern
sea.
arose
can
be
found
floats
Read
this
passage
and
then
fill
in
the
missing
predicates
using
the
verbs
in
brackets.
Three
men
_____
(make)
the
same
claim:
Frederick
Cook,
Matthew
Hensen
and
Robert
Peary.
The
first
to
suggest
that
he
___________
(reach)
the
North
Pole
was
Frederick
Cook.
His
claim
____
soon
_____
(find)
to
be
false
when
the
photographs
he
________
(use)
as
evidence
_______
(prove)
to
be
fakes.
made
had
reached
was
found
had
used
proved
The
second
____
(be)
Matthew
Hensen,
a
black
American
explorer
of
the
Arctic.
He
was
the
servant
of
the
third
candidate,
Robert
Peary
and
________________
(travel)
with
him
across
the
Arctic
for
twenty
years.
He
_____
(state)
that
he
and
Robert
Peary
___
both
_______
(reach)
the
North
Pole
together.
was
had
been
travelling
stated
had
reached
The
American
Congress,
however,
_______
(declare)
that
Peary
was
the
true
winner
of
this
race
to
be
the
first
American
to
reach
the
North
Pole.
It
______
(seem)
that
although
Hensen
and
Peary
travelled
together,
Peary
_______
(refuse)
to
allow
Hensen
to
join
in
his
success.
Evidence
that
Hensen
____
(be)
there
(such
as
his
110
photographs)
all
mysteriously
___________
(disappear).
declared
seemed
refused
was
disappeared
It
seems
we
____
(may)
never
know
exactly
which
American(s)
reached
the
North
Pole
first.
But
the
Inuit
___
(be)
certain
that
they
___________
(live)
there
long
after
the
problem
________
(solve).
may
is
solved
are
will
be
living
(
)
1
Sindbad
spent
his
money
foolishly.
(
)
2
One
day
he
landed
on
an
island.
(
)
3
He
sold
his
goods
and
returned
home.
(
)
4
He
decided
to
become
a
merchant.
(
)
5
The
island
was
really
a
whale.
Listen
to
the
tape
and
put
these
sentences
in
the
correct
order.
(
)
6
He
was
captured.
(
)
7
He
drifted
to
another
island.
(
)
8
The
king
gave
him
a
job.
(
)
9
He
was
thrown
into
the
sea
when
the
whale
sank.
1
A
2
C
3
I
4
B
5
D
6
G
7
F
8
H
9
E
The
story
could
not
be
true
because:
A
whale
would
not
remain
still
long
enough
for
trees
to
grow
on
its
back;
Sea
horses
do
not
have
the
build
or
size
of
real
horses;
Sea
horses
cannot
be
used
to
produce
stronger
horses
than
real
horses.
Listen
to
the
tape
again
and
answer
these
questions.
1
Do
you
think
this
story
could
be
true?
Why?
The
ideas
of
the
students
may
vary.
The
most
important
thing
is
to
make
sure
they
have
a
reason
for
their
ideas.
2
Which
part
do
you
find
is
the
most
unlikely?
These
aspects
of
animal
behavior
are
not
true.
Whales
resting
so
long
on
the
surface
of
the
ocean.
Whales
have
to
keep
returning
to
the
surface
of
the
sea
to
breathe
but
then
they
must
return
under
the
water
to
keep
their
skin
wet.
It
would
be
impossible
for
a
whale
to
remain
on
the
water
so
long
that
soil
accumulated
and
trees
grew
there.
3
Identify
two
aspects
of
animal
behavior
that
are
not
true.
Why?
Sea
horses
being
able
to
live
and
move
on
land
and
in
the
sea.
Sea
horses
are
small
creatures
made
of
shell
or
bone
and
about
the
size
of
a
hand.
They
have
no
legs
but
move
along
by
pushing
their
tail
up
and
down
and
curling
it
up
between
pushes.
Their
heads
resemble
the
knights
of
chessmen
sets.
Sea
horses
cannot
breed
with
land
horses
to
produce
stronger
land
horses.
The
coincidence
was
that
Sindbad
met
some
people
from
his
home.
He
wanted
to
go
home,
and
they
were
looking
for
him.
What
is
the
coincidence
in
the
story?
Explain
it.
SINDBAD'S
FIRST
ADVENTURE
Once
there
lived
a
rich
merchant
called
Sindbad.
One
evening
as
they
were
eating
dinner,
his
friends
asked
him
how
he
had
become
so
rich.
Sindbad
smiled.
"listen,"
he
said,
"and
I'll
tell
you
my
adventures.
This
is
the
first
one.
LISTENING
TEXT
"My
father
was
rich
but
I
spent
his
money
unwisely
and
was
soon
left
with
nothing.
At
last
I
decided
to
trade
in
foreign
lands.
So
I
bought
some
goods
and
set
out.
We
sailed
many
days
from
island
to
island.
I
sold
goods
and
bought
others.
Then,
at
last
we
came
to
a
beautiful
island
and
decided
to
visit
it.
The
passengers
began
to
make
a
fire
to
cook
dinner.
We
ate
and
drank
happily.
Then
I
went
to
explore
the
island.
I
had
not
gone
far
when
I
heard
the
captain
calling
us
back
to
the
ship.
"Come
quickly.
This
isn't
an
island
but
a
giant
whale!
It
has
been
floating
so
long
on
the
sea
that
sand
has
settled
on
its
back
and
trees
have
grown
there.
The
fire
woke
it
up
and
soon
it
will
sink
under
the
waves
and
you'll
drown!’
Everyone
rushed
to
the
ship
leaving
everything
behind.
Some
reached
it
safely
but
not
all.
Suddenly
the
island
shook
beneath
our
feet
and
sank
under
the
water.
I
was
thrown
into
the
sea,
but
I
managed
to
grab
a
piece
of
wood.
Meanwhile
the
captain
set
sail,
leaving
me
alone.
I
thought
I
would
die!
I
drifted
on
the
sea
until
I
came
to
another
island.
I
was
safe!
But
my
troubles
weren't
over,
for
I
was
suddenly
seized
by
five
men.
They
dragged
me
into
bushes
and
held
me
there.
Then
I
noticed
that
nearby
was
a
horse
tied
to
a
tree.
We
waited
until
it
grew
dark.
Then
out
of
the
sea
came
some
enormous
seahorses.
They
approached
the
real
horse
cautiously
while
the
men
rushed
out
to
catch
them.
Most
escaped
but
they
captured
one.
They
took
me
back
to
the
king.
Later
I
found
that
they
kept
the
seahorses
to
produce
strong
young
horses
to
sell.
I
worked
for
the
king
who
was
good
to
me.
My
job
was
to
tell
him
of
any
foreign
ship
that
came
to
his
island.
One
day
some
foreign
merchants
came
to
sell
goods.
I
asked
the
captain
where
he
was
going.
'Tm
going
to
Baghdad;
he
said,
"I've
some
goods
that
belonged
to
a
merchant
called
Sindbad.
I'm
taking
them
back."
I
couldn't
believe
my
ears.
Immediately
I
explained
who
I
was,
and
proved
to
them
that
I
WAS
Sindbad.
Then
I
sold
my
goods
and
returned
to
Baghdad
a
rich
man.
This
was
the
first
of
my
adventures.
Come
back
tomorrow
to
hear
the
second
one."(共45张PPT)
Unit
2
Words
minimum
pole
overhead
offshore
outward
secure
magnetic
adj.
最小的;
最低的
n.
地极;
柱;
杆
adj.
在头上的
adv.
在头顶上;
在空中
adj.
离岸的;
海面上的
adj.
外面的;
向外的
adv.
向外;
在外
adj.
安全的;
可靠的
adj.
磁的;
有磁性的
awkward
reference
precise
simplify
portable
shortcoming
updated
tendency
reliable
adj.
难使用的;
笨拙的
n.
参考
adj.
精确的;
准确的
vt.
单一化;
简单化
adj.
轻便的;
手提的
n.
缺点;
短处
vt.
更新
n.
趋向;
倾向
adj.
可靠的;
可信赖的
1
What
is
a
navigator?
2
What
is
the
difference
between
a
navigator
and
an
explorer?
In
pairs
discuss
these
questions:
A
navigator
explores
new
routes
across
the
sea.
A
navigator
explores
the
sea;
an
explorer
discovers
new
places
on
land.
3
Look
at
these
famous
people.
Are
they
navigators
or
explorers?
What
do
you
know
about
them?
Zheng
He,
in
the
year
between
1405
and
1433,
seven
large
treasure
fleets
sailed
westwards
on
voyages
of
trade
and
exploration.
Under
the
command
of
Zheng
He,
the
fleets
set
sail
from
the
South
China
Sea
across
the
Indian
Ocean
to
the
Red
Sea,
and
then
traveled
further
south,
discovering
the
eastern
coast
of
Africa.
He
renewed
relations
with
the
Kingdoms
of
the
East
African.
?????
When
Marco
Polo
was
still
very
young,
he
decided
to
travel
together
with
his
father.
It
took
them
more
than
three
years
to
travel
to
China.
After
nearly
seventeen
years’
travel
in
the
East,
Marco
and
his
father
wanted
to
return
home.
Marco
Polo
Marco
Polo
was
born
in
Venice
in
1254.
He
was
the
most
famous
foreigner
to
visit
Asia
during
the
Middle
Ages.
James
Cook
(1728-1779)
was
the
greatest
Britain
navigator.
Cook
enlisted
in
the
Royal
Navy
in
1755.
In
1768
he
was
promoted
and
sent
to
the
Pacific
where
he
surveyed
Tahiti,
New
Zealand,
and
Australia.
On
his
famous
2nd
expedition
(1772-75)
he
explored
Antarctica.
In
1776
in
his
third
and
final
voyage,
he
explored
the
West
coast
of
North
America
and
discovered
the
Hawaiian
Islands.
Navigator
is
someone
who
finds
the
position
and
plots
the
course
of
a
ship,
an
aircraft,
a
car,
etc,
using
maps
and
instruments.
Navigator
sea
nautical
instruments
find
new
islands
or
continents
Explorer
is
someone
who
travels
into
or
through
a
place
in
order
to
learn
about
it.
Very
often
navigators
are
also
explorers.
Explorer
land
use
of
compass
and
landmarks
find
new
places
within
an
already
identified
island
or
continent
1
How
do
you
think
seamen
found
their
way
before
modern
accurate
methods
of
navigation
were
invented?
Look
at
the
pictures
on
page
11.
Then
answer
the
questions.
Kept
close
to
the
shore,
used
nature
such
as
the
sun,
wind,
birds,
tide,
etc,
to
help
them,
and
used
some
of
the
instruments
including
a
compass,
astrolabe,
etc.
2
Which
do
you
think
was
easier
to
work
out:
latitude
or
longitude?
Latitude,
because
it
was
used
to
measure
how
far
you
had
travelled
from
land
on
a
straight
line.
It
was
discovered
a
long
time
before
longitude.
3
Can
you
identify
these
early
navigational
instruments
seamen
used
and
explain
how
they
are
used?
1
_________________________
2
_________
3
_________
4
________________________
compass
(in
ancient
China)
astrolabe
sextant
sea
/
nautical
/
marine
chart
4
Which
ones
do
you
think
are
still
used
today?
Sea
charts
are
still
used
today.
SAILING
THE
OCEANS
Now
read
about
what
navigation
was
like
before
modern
instruments
were
used.
1
What
is
the
use
of
a
bearing
circle,
astrolabe,
quadrant
or
sextant?
(
)
What
is
the
use
of
a
compass?
(
)
A
to
set
the
course
of
the
ship
B
to
measure
the
position
of
the
ship
C
to
measure
the
speed
of
the
ship
D
to
tell
the
time
B
A
1
Read
the
passage
and
answer
the
following
questions.
Speed
and
time
are
important
in
finding
out
the
longitude
of
a
ship
because
the
earth
moves
fifteen
degrees
westwards
every
hour.
If
you
know
your
direction,
speed
and
time,
you
can
work
out
the
approximate
longitude
or
change
in
your
position
in
relation
to
the
stars.
Why
are
speed
and
time
important
in
working
out
the
longitude
of
a
ship?
The
position
of
the
sun
and
stars
are
useful
for
working
out
latitude
because
they
are
fixed
points
in
the
sky
and
their
movements
in
relation
to
the
earth
are
already
known.
So
they
can
be
used
to
measure
a
ship's
position.
3
Why
is
the
position
of
the
sun
and
various
stars
useful
for
working
out
latitude?
The
sailors
would
need
to
be
excellent
navigators,
able
to
cope
with
both
hot
and
cold
weather,
experienced
in
sailing
through
very
bad
weather
and
able
to
co-operate
in
a
team.
2
Suppose
you
were
a
sea
captain
aiming
to
sail
round
Africa.
Discuss
in
groups:
1
What
skills
would
you
seek
in
your
sailors?
I
would
anticipate
very
hot
weather
(around
the
equator),
cold
weather
(around
the
Cape
of
Good
Hope),
very
stormy
seas
(around
the
Cape),
and
problems
with
food
and
water
(unless
helped
by
local
natives
the
water
may
be
contaminated
and
the
food
scarce),
etc.
What
problems
would
you
anticipate
for
this
journey?
SAILING
THE
OCEANS
Using
nature
to
keep
alongside
coastline
Part1
Using
navigational
instruments
to
help
Part
2
Using
celestial
bodies
Using
the
wildlife
Finding
longitude
Using
the
sea
Finding
latitude
Using
the
weather
3
What
would
you
do
if
you
came
across
the
following
problems
during
your
voyage?
Read
the
chart
below
and
fill
in
your
plans
of
action
to
deal
with
them.
What
would
you
do
if:
Plan
of
action
You
were
far
from
land
and
a
storm
arose.
wait
till
the
storm
is
over,
and
then
find
your
new
position
and
return
to
your
original
course
You
knew
your
latitude
but
didn't
know
your
longitude.
You
were
blown
off-course.
use
knots
to
find
your
speed
and
work
out
your
approximate
longitude
use
the
compass
and
the
astrolabe,
quadrant
or
sextant
to
find
out
your
position,
return
to
your
former
course
You
were
offshore
but
you
needed
more
food
and
water.
You
wanted
to
keep
a
straight
course.
follow
nesting
birds
to
shore;
look
for
special
cloud
formations
or
fog
over
streams
to
find
land
use
a
compass
You
were
lost
with
no
land
in
sight.
measure
your
position
using
the
sun
or
stars;
look
for
sea
birds,
cloud
formations,
fog
or
seaweed
to
show
that
land
is
nearby
To
find
the
ship’s
position
at
sea
a
sailor
used
the
North
Star
and
the
sun.
4
Read
the
passage
again
and
use
the
information
to
analyse
the
navigational
skills.
Write
the
answers
in
your
own
words.
Using
nature
2
A
sailor
knew
that
land
was
nearby
if
he
saw
______________________________
_______________________
.
3
Sailors
used
____________________
______
to
increase
their
speed.
fresh
seaweed,
nesting
birds
returning
home
in
the
evening
or
fog
sea
currents
or
tides
and
winds
Using
instruments
4
There
were
two
methods
to
find
longitude:
1
_________________________
2
_______________________
____________________
.
measuring
time
and
speed
compass
and
complicated
mathematical
tables
5
Write
down
the
working
principles
of
the
following
instruments:
Beating
circle:
________________________________
__________________________________
.
Astrolabe:
________________________________
_______________________________
.
to
compare
the
height
of
the
sun
now
with
the
position
of
the
'sun
at
midday
to
compare
the
position
of
the
ship
in
relation
to
some
stars
or
the
sun
Quadrant:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
.
a
more
precise
form
of
the
astrolabe,
to
measure
how
high
stars
are
above
the
horizon,
and
compare
that
measurement
with
previous
measurements
(using
the
ship
as
one
of
the
fixed
points
to
find
its
position)
Sextant:
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
.
an
updated
version
of
the
quadrant
and
so
it
was
more
accurate,
to
measure
the
angle
between
two
fixed
points
outside
the
ship
(using
two
mirrors
to
find
the
ship's
position)
5
Imagine
you
are
on
a
boat
with
twenty-nine
other
people.
You
have
a
small
box
for
your
personal
things
but
it
can
only
hold
ten
items.
What
would
you
need
for
a
week's
journey
across
the
North
Sea
to
England?
Category
Items
Category
Items
Clothes
Shoes
Hygiene
Tools
Bedding
Medicines
Games
Books
shirt,
trousers
waterproof
boots
soap
scissors,
knife
blanket
sea-sick
tablets,
cold
medicine
cards,
chess
novels,
essay
collections
1.
at
the
mercy
of
听任…摆布，在…面前无能为力
They
were
lost
at
sea
at
the
mercy
of
wind
and
weather.
have
/
show
mercy
on
sb.
宽恕或怜悯某人；
without
mercy
毫不容情地
Avoid
(making
)
any
reference
to
his
illness
.
千万别提起他的病。
2.
reference
n.
①
提到;
说到;
涉及
②
附注;
旁注
check
your
references
要核对引证的资料
【知识拓展】
refer
v
.
提到，说起，涉及；参考，
查询，常与to
连用。
When
I
said
some
people
are
stupid
I
wasn’t
referring
to
you.
当我说某个人很愚蠢的时候，我没有提到你。
If
you
don’t
know
what
this
means,
please
refer
to
the
dictionary.
如果你不知道这是什么意思，请查看字典。
She
simplified
the
instructions
so
that
the
children
could
understand
them.
她简化了指令以便于儿童理解。
3
simplify
v.
简化;
使单纯
That
will
simplify
my
task.
那可简化了我的工作。
1.
The
data
should
be
updated
once
a
week.
这些数据应该每星期更新一次。
2.
Maps
need
regular
updates.
地图需要经常修订。
3.
I
updated
the
committee
on
our
progress.
我向委员会报告了我们的进展情况。
4
update
v.
更新;
补充最新资料
S
subject
主语
P
predicate
谓语
O
object
宾语
Att
attribute
定语
Adv
adverbial
状语
Com
complement
补语
Pre
predicative
表语
C
clause
从句
Short
forms
缩略语
Difficult
sentences
analysis
1
The
number
of
knots
that
were
counted
during
a
fixed
period
of
time
gave
the
speed
of
the
ship
in
nautical
miles
per
hour．
一定时段得出的绳节数显示航船的海哩时速。
S
Att
C
P
O
Adv
2.
Later,
when
seamen
began
to
use
the
compass
in
the
12th
century
they
could
calculate
longitude
using
complicated
mathematical
tables．
后来到了十二世纪海员开始使用指南
针的时候，他们就能够借助复杂的数
学表格计算出航行的经度了。
using
complicated
mathematical
tables
是现在分词短语作状语，表示手段。
3.The
earliest，the
astrolabe，was
a
special
all-in-one
tool
for
telling
the
position
of
the
ship
in
relation
to
the
sun
and
various
stars
which
covered
the
whole
sky．
最早的，那些古代的星盘，是一种单一
形式的工具，用来确定船舶与太阳和
太空星辰的相对位置。
in
relation
to
(=
concerning)
this
matter
Its
brain
is
small
in
relation
to
(=
compared
with)
its
body.
Little
of
what
he
said
has
any
relation
to
fact.
in
relation
to
…是复合介词短语,
作状语。(共25张PPT)
Unit
2
Seeing
the
dark
clouds
above
him,
George
hurried
for
home.
1
Replace
the
words
underlined
by
ones
of
similar
meaning
from
the
reading
passage.
overhead
Discovering
useful
words
and
expressions
2
Sailing
a
boat
alone
far
away
from
the
shore
made
Flora's
parents
worry
about
her
safety.
3
Clare,
would
you
please
put
your
bicycle
next
to
the
others
in
the
shed?
offshore
alongside
4
"Why
don't
you
plot
a
more
simple
route
with
the
smallest
number
of
stops?"
asked
Mary.
5
Setting
out
on
a
long
journey
by
sea
with
unskilled
sailors
would
be
dangerous
especially
if
there
were
no
modern
navigational
instruments.
simplified
minimum
voyage
seamen
____________
anywhere
____________
upload
____________
inward
____________
unreliable
____________
land
flower
____________
strong
point
nowhere
download
outward
reliable
seaweed
shortcoming
2
Find
the
words
from
the
reading
passage
that
are
the
opposite
of
these
compound
words.
3
Write
down
the
words
you
know,
which
are
related
to
navigation
and
sea.
Navigation
Sea
navigate,
navigational
(instruments:
compass,
bearing
circle,
astrolabe,
quadrant,
sextant),
sail,
sailor,
voyage,
latitude,
seaman,
seaweed,
seafood,
shore,
offshore,
onshore,
beach,
beach-ball
seabed,
sea-bird,
Navigation
Sea
longitude,
equator,
horizon,
captain,
sailor,
land,
island,
set
sail,
nautical
middles,
explore,
exploration
seagull,
sea
shell,
seaside,
sea
water,
seasick,
coast,
coastline,
coastal,
tide,
wave,
current,
Samuel
the
sailor
was
extremely
good
at
plotting
his
course
using
the
stars
as
a
_________
.
One
day
he
was
determined
to
set
out
on
a
_______
across
an
unknown
sea
to
an
unknown
continent.
reference
voyage
Complete
the
following
paragraph
with
the
words
below.
precise
outward
nowhere
awkward
reference
seaweed
accelerate
mercy
randomly
voyage
approximate
He
set
out
with
his
instruments
so
he
would
not
be
at
the
_____
of
the
sea.
He
found
on
his
________
journey
a
rocky
island.
It
seemed
to
be
covered
in
nests.
Suddenly,
as
Samuel
looked,
an
enormous
bird
swooped
down
and
picked
him
up
as
if
he
were
a
/
an
_______
parcel.
It
__________
its
speed
and
rose
straight
up
into
the
air
so
as
to
reach
the
_______
place
on
the
rocks
where
its
nest
lay.
mercy
outward
awkward
accelerate
precise
Once
there,
it
shook
itself
and
threw
Samuel
in
the
____________
direction
of
the
nest.
There
seemed
to
be
________
to
hide
but
then
he
noticed
lots
of
________
on
his
left
and
quickly
hid
under
it.
The
bird
landed
nearby
and
pecked
_________
at
the
rocks.
Samuel
rolled
over
swiftly
and
found
himself
at
the
edge
of
the
cliff.
approximate
nowhere
seaweed
randomly
He
looked
down
slowly
with
a
beating
heart.
Below
him
was
his
boat
lying
_________
the
shore!
"How
lucky
I
am!"
Samuel
thought
to
himself.
He
then
gave
a
mighty
leap
and
landed
in
it.
Once
inside
he
could
safely
sail
away.
alongside
1
James
Cook
was
a
great
English
navigator
and
Pacific
Ocean
expedition
leader.
Revising
useful
structures
1
Read
the
information
below
and
learn
more
about
Captain
Cook.
Then
underline
the
predicates
in
the
sentences.
He
had
not
only
an
outstanding
ability
in
navigation
and
exploration,
but
also
a
real
concern
for
sailors'
health.
He
carried
out
compulsory
dietary
reforms
that
were
copied
by
many
other
ship
captains.
3
He
had
led
three
great
Pacific
voyages
during
his
life.
4
In
his
first
Pacific
voyage
in
1769,
James
Cook
rounded
Cape
Horn,
then
spent
six
months
charting
New
Zealand,
and
finally
explored
and
claimed
possession
of
eastern
Australia.
5
In
1772,
Captain
Cook
set
sail
to
look
for
a
"theorized
great
southern
continent".
Although
they
could
not
manage
to
reach
the
Antarctic
owing
to
the
ice,
he
predicted
that
if
it
did
exist,
it
would
have
to
be
a
wasteland.
6
In
1776,
Captain
Cook
started
his
third
Pacific
voyage,
searching
for
the
Northwest
Passage
from
the
Pacific
Ocean
to
the
Atlantic
Ocean.
Unfortunately,
he
was
killed
in
a
dispute
with
Hawaiian
natives
and
his
men's
attempt
at
the
Northwest
Passage
was
unsuccessful.
However,
this
voyage
is
still
recognized
as
especially
significant
in
the
history
of
the
discovery
of
the
west
coast
of
North
America.
Susan:
Do
you
think
you'll
be
going
to
that
pop
concert
next
week?
Clare:
No.
Let's
forget
about
that
as
it'll
soon
be
time
for
our
exams.
Susan:
____________________________
Do
you
need
to
do
more
revision?
2
Complete
the
following
dialogue,
using
verbs
in
their
proper
forms.
Remember
to
read
the
conversation
before
and
after
each
blank
before
you
fill
it
in.
Clare:
I
don't
really
think
I
need
to
do
more
revision.
I've
done
enough
but
it'll
help
me
forget
the
concert
you'll
be
enjoying.
Susan:
____________________________
_____________________________
Is
there
another
reason
why
you
don't
want
to
come
to
the
concert?
Clare:
Actually
there
is
a
reason.
I
don't
think
I'm
going
to
have
enough
money
even
though
I've
been
saving
especially
for
this
occasion.
Susan:______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
__________
.
Perhaps
I
can
help
you.
I
always
earn
extra
money
by
cleaning
cars.
My
father
always
pays
me
when
I
clean
his
Clare:
Well,
thank
you
for
offering
to
help
me.
I'll
happily
clean
your
father's
car
if
he'll
pay
me
too.
Susan:_____________________________
_____________________________
I'm
sure
he
will.
He’s
always
been
kind
to
my
friends.
Clare:
I
hope
you'll
thank
him
for
me.
I'd
never
be
allowed
to
clean
my
father's
car.
He
is
so
proud
of
it
he
won't
let
anyone
touch
it.
Susan:
_____________________________
______________________________
Oh
this
is
my
father's
fourth
car
so
the
excitement
has
worn
off
a
little.
Clare:
His
fourth
car?
My
goodness.
He
must
have
been
earning
a
lot
of
money
to
have
owned
so
many.
Susan:____________________________
_____________________________
__________
I
suppose
so.
He
has
his
own
business
so
he
needs
a
car
for
his
work.
Clare:
Oh
I
see!
That
explains
things.
Please
would
you
phone
him
now
and
ask
him
when
it
would
be
convenient
for
me
to
clean
it?
Susan:
_____________________________
Of
course
I'll
do
that
right
away.
Clare:
That's
so
kind
of
you.
Now
while
I'm
doing
the
cleaning
perhaps
you
can
order
our
tickets
for
the
concert.
I'll
go
and
get
ready
to
begin
work.
See
you
soon.
Thanks
and
goodbye.(共37张PPT)
Unit
2
Words
incident
departure
crew
deposit
dilemma
drawback
dusk
n.
事件;
事变
n.
出发;
离开
n.
工作人员;
队
vt.
放;
存入银行
n.
进退两难的局面
n.
缺点;
障碍
n.
薄暮;
黄昏
routine
reckon
reckoning
starvation
psychology
psychologically
tension
n.
常规;
日常事务
vt.
计算;
估计
n.
计算;
估计
n.
挨饿;
饿死
n.
心理学
adv.
心理上地;心理学地
n.
紧张;
不安;
张力
gradual
gradually
foresee
thirst
tear
hardship
jaw
adj.
逐渐的;
逐步的
adv.逐渐地;
逐步
vt.
预见;
预知
n.
渴;
口渴
vt.
扯破;
撕破
n.
困难;
艰难
n.
颚;
颌;
下巴
Expressions
set
loose
jaws
of
death
出发；开始
鬼门关；死神
1
When
Captain
Bligh
returned
home
he
was
treated
as
a
hero.
It
was
discussed
whether
he
should
receive
a
special
medal
or
not.
Get
into
groups
of
four
and
discuss
these
questions.
Then
role-play
the
dialogue.
THE
GREATEST
NAVIGATIONAL
JOURNEY:
A
LESSON
IN
SURVIVAL
1
Why
do
you
think
this
winter
describes
his
journey
as
one
of
the
greatest
in
navigational
history?
Do
you
agree?
Give
your
reasons.
2
What
kind
of
leadership
qualities
do
you
think
Captain
Bligh
showed?
Are
these
the
only
qualities
needed
for
good
captain?
Make
a
list
of
the
qualities
you
think
are
important.
Give
your
reasons.
The
words
and
expressions
below
might
be
useful
for
you.
Why
are
you..?
How
could
you…?
Why
did
you…?
Because
of
…?
It
was
because…
The
reason
is
that…
As
he…
Since
he…
Now
that…
He…,
so
he
is
ill
with
fever
after
the
voyage.
It
was
due
to…
It
is
…,so
I’m
afraid…
That’s
why…
Therefore,…
Li
Pei
(LP),
Du
Zhou
(DZ),
Wen
Fuqing
(WF)
and
Liu
Yongfu
(LY)
are
discussing
the
journey
and
Captain
Bligh's
leadership
qualities.
1
Sample
dialogue
LP:
Why
are
you
convinced
that
this
journey
shows
the
greatest
navigational
skill?
I'm
sure
there
must
have
been
others
that
were
as
good,
if
not
better!
DZ:
Do
you
know
of
many
other
sea
voyages
of
this
kind?
WF:
Well,
there's
that
journey
by
Shackleton
from
Elephant
Island
in
the
Antarctic
to
get
help
from
another
island
with
a
whaling
station.
He
wanted
to
rescue
his
men.
The
weather
was
terrible
and
he
was
in
an
open
boat,
too.
LY:
How
can
you
think
that
journey
was
more
difficult?
It
didn't
last
very
long.
Captain's
Bligh's
journey
lasted
over
forty
days,
was
very
hot
and
they
had
very
little
food
and
water.
It
was
because
Captain
Bligh
was
a
great
leader
that
they
survived.
DZ:
Now
that
I've
heard
about
it
I
am
very
impressed.
All
those
men
pushed
together
in
a
very
small
boat,
it
must
have
been
terrible
for
them
to
stay
friendly.
Meanwhile
they
were
being
driven
mad
by
lack
of
fresh
water
and
there
was
all
that
salt
water
all
around
them.
That's
the
reason
I
think
it
was
the
greatest
sea
escape.
LP:
When
you
put
it
that
way
I
suppose
it
was
a
great
achievement.
Captain
Bligh
was
certainly
excellent
in
the
way
he
kept
the
men
occupied
and
tried
to
take
their
minds
off
their
troubles.
In
addition
he
treated
everyone
the
same
when
it
came
to
food
or
water.
So
I
think
you
are
right
and
it
was
the
greatest
example
of
navigational
skill
against
the
odds!
Do
you
agree?
DZ,
WF
and
LY
(together):
Yes.
We
do.
DZ:
What
leadership
qualities
do
you
think
Captain
Bligh
showed?
LP:
Since
he
had
such
violent
disagreements
with
his
crew,
I
think
he
was
a
bad
leader.
WF:
Do
you
really?
He
does
seem
to
have
had
a
bad
temper
so
that
has
given
him
a
bad
reputation.
2
Sample
dialogue
However,
he
was
also
kind
to
his
men
at
other
times
so
I
think
he
was
a
reasonable
leader.
LY:
What
did
he
do?
WF:
He
provided
cabbage
so
the
sailors
would
not
get
ill
and
made
them
dance
so
that
they
would
stay
healthy.
That
shows
he
was
a
good
leader.
DZ:
Yes
indeed.
That
is
one
good
quality.
However
having
a
bad
temper
and
getting
angry
quickly
shows
a
bad
quality.
WF:
Now
think
about
the
voyage
to
Timor.
On
that
journey
he
was
fair
with
the
food,
kept
everyone
occupied
working
out
the
boat's
position,
and
kept
the
crew
cheerful.
The
fact
that
he
tried
so
hard
to
build
co-operative
behavior
shows
good
leadership
qualities.
LP:
Indeed
he
did.
That
is
why
some
people
regard
him
as
a
hero.
LY:
Well,
he
seems
contradictory.
He
is
a
good
leader
in
a
crisis
and
a
bad
one
the
rest
of
the
time.
DZ:
No,
no!
That
seems
a
bit
cruel
although
it
was
due
to
his
bad
temper
the
crew
took
over
the
ship.
It
was
also
due
to
his
good
temper
that
the
crew
survived
in
the
small
boat.
I
think
Liu
Yongfu
is
right.
He
was
good
in
a
crisis
because
he
was
fair
with
the
food,
encouraged
team
spirit,
made
people
cheerful
and
used
his
skills
to
get
them
home.
But
he
was
a
bad
leader
in
a
general
situation
because
he
got
angry
over
small
things
(like
accusing
people
of
stealing
food
or
disobeying
him)
and
was
too
easy-going
in
Tahiti
(where
he
let
the
men
relax
too
much
so
they
did
not
want
to
go
back
to
England).
LP:
He
was
a
strange
mixture
indeed!
2
Now
write
a
report
to
your
leader
explaining
to
him
why
you
think
Captain
Bligh
should
or
should
not
receive
the
medal.
Follow
these
steps.
Dear
Sir,
I
think
Captain
Bligh
should
certainly
receive
a
special
medal
for
his
amazing
voyage
across
the
sea
to
Timor.
This
is
a
journey
that
could
not
have
been
completed
without
great
navigational
skill.
In
addition
Captain
Bligh
did
not
lose
one
man.
A
sample
letter
report
First,
he
showed
his
leadership
qualities
by
sharing
the
food
and
water
fairly
with
the
men
in
the
boat.
Everyone
was
treated
equally
and
this
made
for
good
feeling
between
the
members
of
the
boat.
Second,
he
kept
everyone
in
the
boat
cheerful
by
discussing
what
they
would
do
when
they
arrived
safely.
No
one
was
allowed
to
think
about
what
might
happen
if
they
did
not
arrive!
Third,
he
kept
them
occupied
by
organizing
the
complicated
mathematical
calculations
needed
to
find
their
position
at
sea.
The
crew
who
had
taken
over
the
"Bounty"
had
left
Captain
Bligh
with
only
a
quadrant
and
a
compass.
This
meant
that
numerous:
calculations
were
needed
to
find
their
correct
position.
Captain
Bligh
encouraged
the
crew
in
the
boat
to
take
measurements
regularly
and
each
person
was
given
a
different
responsibility
for
working
out
these
measurements.
This
activity
was
important
because
it
stopped
the
men
from
thinking
about
how
little
food
and
water
there
was.
So
I
hope
you
will
give
Captain
Bligh
this
medal.
He
has
shown
leadership,
fairness
and
concern
for
his
crew
and
helped
them
return
to
England
safely.
Yours,
(your
name)
1
Read
these
words
and
then
listen
to
the
tape.
Circle
those
aids
that
early
sailors
used
to
find
their
way.
compass
maps
fish
movements
stars
weather
waves
currents
clouds
rainfall
birds
other
ships
mountains
Listen
to
the
tape
again
and
fill
in
the
chart.
Sailors
from
Sea
or
Ocean
Skills
Phoenicia
Mediterra-nean
Used
the
sky
to
find
their
way
North
Polynesia
Norway
Watched
birds
to
find
land
.
Pacific
Studied
the
waves
of
the
ocean
.
Use
the
information
from
the
listening
to
explain
these
sailing
strategies.
1
_________________________________
_________________________________
____________________________
2
___________________________________
_________________________________
Vikings
used
to
prefer
to
sail
following
the
coastline
so
they
could
check
that
they
were
on
the
correct
route.
Vikings
used
birds,
and
natural
features
like
mountains,
to
direct
their
ships.
3
These
are
some
Viking
sailing
directions
from
Norway
to
Greenland.
4
Polynesian
seamen
had
traditional
sayings
to
help
them
with
their
sailing.
Can
you
explain
what
they
mean?
Study
the
waves
so
that
you
can
read
what
will
happen
in
the
weather
or
when
land
is
close.
1
"If
you
can
read
the
ocean,
you
will
never
be
lost.”
The
stars
can
give
you
information
about
your
position
and
can
help
you
"see"
where
you
are.
The
position
of
the
morning
sun
on
the
horizon
can
help
you
check
your
course.
2
"Watch
for
when
the
sun
grows.”
3
"The
stars
are
the
eyes
of
Heaven.”
Birds
do
not
fly
out
to
sea
if
a
storm
is
coming
so
a
bird
flying
away
from
the
shore
means
good
weather.
"When
the
bird
flies
out
to
sea,
the
sea
will
grow
calm.”(共31张PPT)
Unit
2
Sailing
the
oceans
Listen
to
the
text.
NAVIGATIONAL
SECRETS
Wang
Ming
(WM)
has
come
to
the
Maritime
Museum
in
Greenwich
to
talk
to
the
naval
historian
Dr
Smith
(DS).
Listen
again
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
WM:
Thank
you
so
much
for
________
to
me.
Please
can
you
tell
me
how
sailors
__________
before
navigational
instruments
or
satellites
were
_________?
DS:
Of
course.
At
first
if
there
was
no
land
_______
the
seamen
used
the
sky
to
find
their
way.
They
looked
talking
managed
invented
nearby
at
the
clouds
in
the
daytime
and
the
stars
at
night.
But
very
soon
they
began
to
_______
local
maps.
About
5,000
years
ago
sailors
from
Phoenicia
in
North
Africa
used
simple
maps
to
_______
their
ships
around
the
Mediterranean
Sea.
They
were
the
______
traders
of
their
day.
develop
guide
best
WM:
Really?
_____
_______!
Did
everybody
use
simple
maps?
DS:
No.
I'm
afraid
not.
It
was
difficult
to
have
a
map
for
sailing
______
open
sea
then.
We
know
the
Vikings
from
Norway
had
no
_______
maps
when
they
sailed
across
the
North
Sea.
How
clever
across
written
WM:
The
Vikings?
Didn't
they
sail
around
and
______
people
and
towns
from
their
ships?
DS:
Sometimes.
But
we're
not
_________
___
that,
only
in
their
superior
sailing
ability.
WM:
I
see!
So
what
did
they
do?
DS:
Well,
one
of
the
things
they
did
was
___________
___
watching
attack
interested
in
concentrate
on
birds.
There's
the
story
of
a
Viking
called
Raven-Floki.
He
used
to
keep
birds
on
his
ships
but
he
didn't
____
them.
Then
when
he
thought
land
was
near
he'd
let
the
birds
go
and
if
they
flew
straight
to
land,
all
he
had
to
do
was
to
______
them!
feed
follow
WM:
Did
he
find
any
new
lands
to
_____
___?
DS:
Well,
he
did
find
a
good
way
of
sailing
from
the
Faroe
Islands
to
Iceland
______
his
ravens.
It’s
said
that
he
took
three
birds
on
his
ship
with
him.
When
he’d
been
______
____
a
day
or
two
towards
Iceland
he
let
the
first
bird
go.
live
on
using
sailing
for
It
____
back
to
the
Faroe
Islands.
A
day
after
this
he
let
the
second
bird
go.
This
flew
out
of
sight
but
_____
____
to
rest
on
the
ship.
Sometime
after
that,
he
let
the
third
bird
go.
It
_______
straight
for
Iceland
so
Raven-Floki
followed
it
and
arrived
there
_____.
flew
came
back
headed
safely
WM:
That
_______
clever!
I’ve
heard
too
about
the
Polynesians
in
the
Pacific
Ocean.
They
did
some
________
_______
without
any
navigational
instruments
to
help
them
at
all.
How
did
they
do
that?
DS:
Nobody’s
really
quite
_____.
sounds
amazing
voyages
sure
But
__
_____
____
they
studied
the
_______
in
the
water,
the
colour
of
the
sea
and
the
different
kinds
of
waves.
WM:
Do
Polynesian
sailors
still
do
that?
DS:
Not
nowadays
I’m
afraid.
WM:
Have
we
_____
this
skill?
it
seems
that
currents
lost
DS:
Yes,
I'm
______
we
have.
Ancient
Polynesians
made
maps
of
leaves
and
shells
which
others
were
able
to
follow.
If
only
we
could
read
them
we
would
___
_____
__
understand
more
of
their
navigational
skills.
The
sailors
from
Phoenicia,
Norway
and
Polynesia
could
certainly
_____
us
a
lot.
afraid
be
able
to
teach
Listen
to
the
text.
WHO
WAS
ZHENG
HE?
(Li
Huaying
=
LH,
Celia
Main
=
CM)
Listen
again
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
LH:
The
most
_______
Chinese
navigator
was
Zheng
He.
He
_____
_____
1371
to
1433
and
made
seven
________
around
the
South
China
Sea,
across
to
India
and
even
___
____
___
the
eastern
coast
of
Africa.
It
was
the
600th
anniversary
of
these
voyages
in
2005.
famous
lived
from
voyages
as
far
as
CM:
Are
there
other
famous
Chinese
navigators
or
is
he
the
only
one?
LH:
He
is
the
only
one
we’ve
got
__________
for.
CM:
So
there
may
have
been
others?
LH:
We
don’t
know.
That’s
because
a
later
________
may
have
destroyed
a
lot
of
evidence
of
other
voyages.
CM:
I
see.
Where
did
Zheng
He
go?
evidence
Emperor
LH:
The
documents
____
us
that
he
was
born
in
Yunnan.
He
_____
a
pillar
to
record
his
____________.
It
states
that
he
made
seven
voyages
and
visited
______
_____
thirty
countries.
He
said
that
the
Emperor
________
him
to
show
the
strength
of
Chinese
______
and
______
“foreigners
from
beyond
the
seas”.
So
he
went
to
unknown
places
and
____
___
trade.
tell
built
achievements
more
than
ordered
power
meet
set
up
CM:
Tell
me
about
his
Voyages.
LH:
Well,
on
his
first
voyage
he
visited
Calicut
in
India.
The
people
there
were
very
__________
and
a
little
__________
when
they
saw
so
many
large
ships.
So
the
ruler
_____
decided
to
make
friends
with
these
strangers.
He
gave
Zheng
He
many
scarves
made
of
gold
and
decorated
with
jewels.
Then
he
__________
him
and
his
men
with
music
and
songs.
impressed
frightened
wisely
entertained
CM:
Did
he
go
to
other
places?
LH:
Yes,
on
other
voyages
he
visited
Champa,
and
Sumatra
near
China,
Hormuz,
and
Aden
in
the
Persian
Gulf
and
Mogadishu
in
Africa.
Zheng
He
_______
diplomatic
relations
with
them
and
gave
them
_________.
CM:
What
did
Chinese
_____
as
gifts?
opened
presents
offer
LH:
Zheng
He
found
that
foreign
kings
particularly
_________
Chinese
porcelain
and
silk.
So
that’s
why
his
ships
_____
_____
____
those
things.
CM:
I
see.
Is
that
why
they
say
his
ships
were
so
large?
LH:
Yes,
I
suppose
so.
When
he
________
_____
India
he
brought
a
giraffe
for
the
Emperor
as
a
present.
So
his
ships
must
have
been
large.
admired
were
filled
with
returned
from
CM:
Some
writers
say
that
the
ships
could
carry
as
many
as
_______
people
_________.
LH:
And
other
writers
say
Zheng
He
was
eight
feet
tall!
We
shouldn’t
believe
everything
writers
tell
us.
_________
they
wanted
to
show
20,000
altogether
Obviously
how
important
Zheng
He
was.
___________
the
ships
were
large
---
but
perhaps
not
that
large!
CM:
I
see.
That
______
_____.
Well,
thank
you
for
telling
me
about
Zheng
He.
He
sounds
a
___________
man.
Undoubtedly
makes
sense
fascinating
Listen
to
the
text.
SINDBAD'S
FIRST
ADVENTURE
Listen
again
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
Once
there
______
a
rich
merchant
_____
Sindbad.
One
evening
as
they
were
eating
dinner,
his
friends
asked
him
how
he
had
become
so
rich.
Sindbad
_______.
"listen,"
he
said,
"and
I'll
tell
you
my
___________.
This
is
the
first
one."
lived
called
smiled
adventures
"My
father
was
rich
but
I
spent
his
money
________
and
was
soon
____
with
nothing.
At
last
I
decided
to
______
in
foreign
lands.
So
I
bought
some
goods
and
____
____.
We
sailed
many
days
from
island
to
island.
I
sold
goods
and
bought
others.
Then,
at
last
we
came
to
a
beautiful
island
and
decided
to
_____
it.
unwisely
left
trade
set
out
visit
The
passengers
began
to
make
a
fire
to
cook
dinner.
We
ate
and
drank
happily.
Then
I
went
to
_______
the
island.
I
had
not
gone
far
when
I
heard
the
captain
calling
us
back
to
the
ship.
‘Come
quickly.
This
isn't
an
island
but
a
______
whale!
It
has
been
floating
so
_____
on
the
sea
that
sand
has
______
on
its
back
and
trees
have
grown
there.
The
fire
_____
it
up
and
soon
it
will
sink
under
the
waves
and
you'll
drown!’
explore
giant
long
settled
woke
Everyone
______
___
the
ship
leaving
everything
behind.
Some
reached
it
safely
but
not
all.
Suddenly
the
island
shook
________
our
feet
and
sank
under
the
water.
I
was
thrown
into
the
sea,
but
I
________
to
grab
a
piece
of
wood.
__________
the
captain
___
____,
leaving
me
alone.
I
thought
I
would
die!
rushed
to
beneath
managed
Meanwhile
set
sail
I
drifted
on
the
sea
_____
I
came
to
another
island.
I
was
safe!
But
my
troubles
weren't
_____,
for
I
was
suddenly
______
by
five
men.
They
dragged
me
into
bushes
and
held
me
there.
Then
I
_______
that
nearby
was
a
horse
tied
to
a
tree.
We
waited
until
it
grew
dark.
Then
out
of
the
sea
came
some
enormous
seahorses.
They
__________
the
real
horse
cautiously
while
the
men
rushed
out
to
catch
them.
until
over
seized
noticed
approached
Most
escaped
but
they
________
one.
They
took
me
back
to
the
king.
Later
I
found
that
they
kept
the
seahorses
to
________
strong
young
horses
to
sell.
I
worked
for
the
king
who
was
good
to
me.
My
job
was
to
tell
him
of
any
foreign
ship
that
came
to
his
island.
One
day
some
foreign
merchants
came
to
sell
goods.
I
asked
the
captain
where
he
was
going.
‘I’m
going
to
Baghdad,’
he
said,
captured
produce
‘I've
some
goods
that
_________
___
a
merchant
called
Sindbad.
I'm
taking
them
back.’
I
couldn't
______
my
ears.
Immediately
I
_________
who
I
was,
and
_______
to
them
that
I
WAS
Sindbad.
Then
I
sold
my
goods
and
________
___
Baghdad
a
rich
man.
This
was
the
first
of
my
adventures.
_____
____
tomorrow
to
hear
the
second
one."
belonged
to
believe
explained
proved
returned
to
Come
back(共21张PPT)
Unit
2
谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数的变化。谓语大体上可以分为两类：简单谓语和复合谓语。
The
plane
takes
off
at
8
but
this
morning
it
may
be
delayed
by
the
thick
fog．
I
have
tried
this
way
three
times
and
failed
three
times．
简单谓语
凡是由一个动词或短语动词构成，不管是
什么时态、语态、语气，都是简单谓语。
飞机八点起飞，但今天早晨可能会被大
雾耽搁。
我用这种方法试了三次，失败了三次。
复合谓语一般由两部分构成：一是带不
定式的复合谓语(由情态动词或某些动词
加不定式结构)；一是带表语的复合谓语
(由系动词或少数其他动词加表语构成)。
复合谓语
I
would
like
to
invite
all
my
friends
to
the
get-together．
我想邀请我所有的朋友去参加聚会。
意义一致原则、语法一致原则和邻近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。
英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：
主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。
语法一致原则
1.
Mr
Black
is
a
well-known
scientist
on
AIDS．
2.
These
books
are
intended
for
children
under
nine
years
old．
布莱克先生是著名艾滋病科学家。
这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿
童设计的。
The
old
are
very
well
taken
care
of
in
our
city．
意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是
以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。
(the
old指所有的老年人，指一类人，
指复数概念)
老年人在我们城市
被照顾得很好。
邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是
以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。
邻近一致原则
Not
Jack
but
his
parents
are
to
blame
for
the
home
accident．
(根据靠近谓语的主语his
parents而定)不是杰克而是他父母应为这个
家庭事故受到责备。
1
代词each和由every,
some,
no,
any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,
every,
谓语需用单数。
谓语需用单数的几种情形
a
Each
of
us
has
a
tape-recorder.
b
There
is
something
wrong
with
my
watch.
The
Arabian
Night
is
a
book
known
to
lovers
of
English.
2
当主语是一本书或一条格言时，
谓语动词常用单数。
<<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
3
表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变)
Three
weeks
was
allowed
for
making
the
necessary
preparations.
At
last,
we
found
ourselves
in
a
pleasant
park
with
trees
providing
shade
and
_________
down
to
eat
our
picnic
lunch．
A．sitting
B．having
sat
C．to
sit
D．sat
答案解析:
本题考查并列谓语的选择。
found与sat
down应为并列谓语，
而其余各项均为非谓语动词形式不
能单独作谓语，解题时务必注意并
列连词的作用，
Professor
Smith，along
with
his
assistants，_______
on
the
project
day
and
night
to
meet
the
deadline．
A．work
B．working
C．is
working
D．are
working
答案解析：本题考查主谓一致用法。
当“主语+along
with/
with/
together
with
+
n.
/
pron.
”
结构作主语时．
其谓语动词的单复数应与主语保持
一致。
因Professor
Smith作主语，
故应用单数谓语动词is
working。
A
poet
and
artist
________
coming
to
speak
to
us
about
Chinese
literature
and
painting
tomorrow
afternoon.
??
A.
is?
B.
are?
C.
was?
D.
were
2.
The
company
had
about
20
notebook
computers
but
only
one-third
_______
used
regularly.
Now
we
have
60
working
all
day
long.
?
A.
is?
B.
are
?
C.
was?
D.
were
3.
A
survey
of
the
opinions
of
experts
______
that
three
hours
of
outdoor
exercise
a
week
_____good
for
one’s
health
A.
show;
are
B.
shows;
is
C.
show;
is
D.
shows;
are
4.
We
live
day
by
day,
but
in
the
great
things,
the
time
of
days
and
weeks
_________
so
small
that
a
day
is
unimportant.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
has
been
D.
have
been
