2020年高考英语真题分类汇编专题07：议论文类阅读理解（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2020年高考英语真题分类汇编专题07：议论文类阅读理解（含解析） |  | |
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2020年高考英语真题分类汇编专题07：议论文类阅读理解
一、阅读理解
1.阅读理解
??? After__years_ of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
??? Together, th_ese_de_ep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why? Why? Why?"
Fortunately, c_uriosi_ty and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.21世纪教育网版权所有
??? "The great m_an,"_s_aid Mencius (孟子), "is he who does not lose his child's heart." Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
??? Mo_st_of__us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.21教育网
??? How should _you_st_art? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.21cnjy.com
??? One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability? Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time? That's good ?because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.21·cn·jy·com
??? Howe_ver_yo_u start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.www.21-cn-jy.com
（1）In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A.propos_e_a_de_finition
B.make a comparison
C.reach a conclusion
D.present an argumentwww-2-1-cnjy-com
（2）What does the example of Galileo tell us? 2-1-c-n-j-y
A.Tria_l_and__error leads to the finding of truth.
B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C.Creativity results from challenging authority.
D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.21*cnjy*com
（3）What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent? 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A.Observ_e_the__unknown around you.
B.Develop a questioning mind.
C.Lead a life of adventure.
D.Follow the fashion.2·1·c·n·j·y
（4）What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7? 【出处：21教育名师】
A.Gaining succe_ss_hel_ps you become an expert.
B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.【版权所有：21教育】
（5）What could be the best title or the passage? 21教育名师原创作品
A.Curio_us_Min_ds Never Feel Contented
B.Reflections on Human Nature
C.The Keys to Achievement
D.Never Too Late to Learn21·世纪*教育网
答案解析部分
一、阅读理解
1. （1）D
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
（5）C
解析：_???????????????è??_论文，论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.”可知作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。因此，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, ‘Why? Why? Why?’”像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”可推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, ‘Why? Why? Why?’”像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”；以及第四段中的“‘The great man,’ said Mencius (孟子), ‘is he who does not lose his child's heart.’ Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.”及第七段中的“You haven't any special ability? Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time? That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get things done.”以及列举了Thomas Costain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Moses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。
（5）考查主旨大意。根据第一段“After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.”及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。故选C。
点评：本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。21*cnjy*com
_21?????????è?????(www.21cnjy.com)_
2020年高考英语真题分类汇编专题07：议论文类阅读理解
一、阅读理解
1.阅读理解
??? After__years_ of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
??? Together, th_ese_de_ep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why? Why? Why?"
Fortunately, c_uriosi_ty and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.21世纪教育网版权所有
??? "The great m_an,"_s_aid Mencius (孟子), "is he who does not lose his child's heart." Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
??? Mo_st_of__us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.21教育网
??? How should _you_st_art? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.21cnjy.com
??? One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability? Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time? That's good ?because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.21·cn·jy·com
??? Howe_ver_yo_u start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.www.21-cn-jy.com
（1）In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A.propos_e_a_de_finition
B.make a comparison
C.reach a conclusion
D.present an argumentwww-2-1-cnjy-com
（2）What does the example of Galileo tell us? 2-1-c-n-j-y
A.Tria_l_and__error leads to the finding of truth.
B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C.Creativity results from challenging authority.
D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.21*cnjy*com
（3）What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent? 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A.Observ_e_the__unknown around you.
B.Develop a questioning mind.
C.Lead a life of adventure.
D.Follow the fashion.2·1·c·n·j·y
（4）What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7? 【出处：21教育名师】
A.Gaining succe_ss_hel_ps you become an expert.
B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.【版权所有：21教育】
（5）What could be the best title or the passage? 21教育名师原创作品
A.Curio_us_Min_ds Never Feel Contented
B.Reflections on Human Nature
C.The Keys to Achievement
D.Never Too Late to Learn21·世纪*教育网
答案解析部分
一、阅读理解
1. （1）D
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
（5）C
解析：_???????????????è??_论文，论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.”可知作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。因此，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, ‘Why? Why? Why?’”像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”可推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, ‘Why? Why? Why?’”像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”；以及第四段中的“‘The great man,’ said Mencius (孟子), ‘is he who does not lose his child's heart.’ Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.”及第七段中的“You haven't any special ability? Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time? That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get things done.”以及列举了Thomas Costain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Moses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。
（5）考查主旨大意。根据第一段“After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.”及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。故选C。
点评：本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。21*cnjy*com
_21?????????è?????(www.21cnjy.com)_
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