2020年高考英语真题分类汇编专题09:语法填空(含解析)

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名称 2020年高考英语真题分类汇编专题09:语法填空(含解析)
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2020年高考英语真题分类汇编专题09:语法填空
一、语法填空
1.阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
??? Many__peopl_e have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ________ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum ________ opened in 1759.21世纪教育网版权所有
??? The _parts__of a museum open to the public ________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection ________ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
??? Many museum_s_are__lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ________ (they) living at a different time in history or ________(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ________people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.21cnjy.com
2.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
??? Some time _after__10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ________, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.2·1·c·n·j·y
??? Farming _produc_ed more food per person ________ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food ________ (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________ (change) lives.【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
??? By about 60_00_BC,_ people ________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the ________ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, ________ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.www-2-1-cnjy-com
??? This styl_e_of_f_arming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with ________ rise of science, changes began. New methods ________ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.2-1-c-n-j-y
3.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
??? In _ancien_t China lived an artist?________?paintings were almost lifelike. The artist's reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ________?(fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would. ________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River~perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.21*cnjy*com
??? Fille_d_with_ ________?(curious), the artist packed his bags and left. ________?he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ________?(point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ________?(find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, ________?(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds. ________?(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________?earth, Mother Nature.www.21-cn-jy.com
4.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
??? Ch_ina_ha_s become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ________?(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side is ________?(extreme) challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________?it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular ________?(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so ________?the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 ________?(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it ________?(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ________?(construct)" Data about the moon's composition, such as how ________?ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ________?(it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
5.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
??? Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year21·世纪*教育网
??? Chinese _New_Ye_ar is a ________?(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ________?(carry) special significance. They represent the earth ________?(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【出处:21教育名师】
??? These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:【版权所有:21教育】
??? Oranges: Ora_nge_tr_ees are more ________?decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times ________?(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.21教育名师原创作品
??? Bamb_oo:_Ch_inese love their "Lucky Bamboo" plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. ________?(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated ________?health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ________?(care) for and make great presents.
??? Branch_es_of__Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ________?(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are ________??first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.21*cnjy*com
答案解析部分
一、语法填空
1. wealthy;_or???for_med;which/that;are called;is;themselves;walking;accuracy;for
解析:本文是_??????è???????????_介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
(1)考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词,故填wealthy。
(2)考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两者可能性,故填or。
(3)考查时态。句意:例如,汉斯?斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
(4)考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯?斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。? ? ? ??opened in 1759.是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
(5)考查时态语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
(6)考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museum's collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
(7)考查代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
(8)考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,一起作imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. 固定短语,“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
(9)考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处名词作主语,故填accuracy。
(10)考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。compete for,固定短语, “为了……竞争”。故填for。
点评:本题考点涉及形容词,连词,时态,定语从句,时态语态,主谓一致,代词,非谓语动词,名词以及介词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
2. in_???what???_than;was needed;to change;had discovered;seasons;making;the;meant.
解析:_???????????????_说明文,介绍了农业的发展历史。
(1)考查介词。句意:公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。they lived _____是限制性定语从句,先行词是the world,定语从句的关系词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world.,故填in。
(2)考查宾语从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。? ? ? ?could be hunted or gathered from the wild是宾语从句,缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。结合句意,填what。
(3)考查固定搭配。句意:农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。more… than,固定短语,“比……更”故填than。
(4)考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。more food和need之间是被动关系,同时描述的是过去的时间,所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
(5)考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。此处不定式作目的状语,故填to change。
(6)考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。by + 过去时间 ,“到…为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered。
(7)考查名词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。season“季节”可数名词,应用复,故填seasons。
(8)考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。make use of和逻辑主语they之间是主谓关系。所以此处用现在分词作状语。故填making。
(9)考查冠词。句意:随着科学的崛起,事情发生了变化。with the rise of 固定短语,“随着......的崛起”,故填the。
(10)考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以填meant。
点评:本题考点涉及介词,宾语从句,时态语态,非谓语动词,名词,冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查,是一篇历史类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
3. whose;_finest_;be chosen;curiosity;When/As;pointed;to find;gently;surrounding;on
解析:_???????????????è?°_叙文,一位画家画画栩栩如生,有一天他将画送给宰相时,这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
(1)考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。? ? ? ? ??paintings were almost lifelike是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词artist,且在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose,填whose。
(2)考查形容词。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级,故填finest。
(3)考查语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
(4)考查名词。句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词作宾语,故填curiosity。
(5)考查状语从句。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导,填When/As。
(6)考查时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文“they smiled ”的时态,可知应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
(7)考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,开始去找这位著名的画家。set out to do sth.固定短语,“着手做某事”,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
(8)考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved,应用副词,故填gently。
(9)考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知。此处是独立主格结构,surround与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词,填surrounding。
(10)考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。on earth固定短语,“世上”,故填on。
点评:本题考点涉及定语从句,形容词,语态,名词,状语从句,时态,非谓语动词,副词以及介词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
4. touch_ed???ext_remely;where;interest;than;to find;means;is constructed;much;its
解析:本_????????????è?????_文,介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
(1)考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
(2)考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应用副词,故填extremely。
(3)考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。? ? ? ? ? ??it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.是限制性定语从句,先行词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。
(4)考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。be of interest to sb.固定短语,“(某物)使某人感兴趣”,故填interest。
(5)考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比……更”。故填than。
(6)考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处不定式作作目的状语。故填to find。
(7)考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文This really excites scientists的时态可知,此处使用一般现在时,主语是it,故填means。
(8)考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由语境可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。
(9)考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应用much修饰,故填much。
(10)考查代词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。此处应使用形容词性物主代词,修饰名词plans,故填its。
点评:本题考点涉及时态,副词,定语从句,非谓语动词,名词,介词,主谓一致,形容词以及代词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。21教育网
5. celeb_ration_;carries;coming;than;decorated;Certainly;with;to care;beautiful;the
解析:本文是一篇_è?????????????????_了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
(1)考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词后接单数名词,故填celebration。
(2)考查主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从句的主语是动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
(3)考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。earth与come back to之间为主谓关系,现在分词表主动。此处作后置定语。故填coming。
(4)考查固定短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than固定短语,“不仅仅,不只是”,故填than。
(5)考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为动宾关系,过去分词表被动,此处作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
(6)考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。此处副词形式作状语,故填Certainly。
(7)考查介词。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with固定短语,“与……相联系”,故填with。
(8)考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。此处是“be +形容词 + to do”句式,故填to care。
(9)考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词,故填beautiful。
(10)考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词,故填the。
点评:本题考点涉及名词,主谓一致,非谓语动词,副词,介词,形容词以及冠词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

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