Unit 1 The Changing World Topic 2 The population in developing countries is growing faster 知识点讲义+练习（

同步知识点讲义与练习
U1T2SA
1
get
lost
走失，迷路。其中lost为形容词，其近义词有missing和gone。
e.g.
I
found
my
bike
missing.我发现我的自行车丢了。My
pen
is
lost.
我的笔丢了。
2
call
up给……打电话,名词作宾语时可以放在up后面或两词之间；宾语是代词时，必须放在两词之间。
e.g.
I
called
Tom
up
yesterday,
but
he
didn’t
answer
it.
昨天我给汤姆打电话，但他没有接。
I’ll
call
you
up
as
soon
as
I
come
back.
我一回来就给你打电话。
同义词组：ring
up,
make
a
telephone
call。
3
already常用于肯定句中，指动作已经发生,或比期望发生的要早，一般用在句子中间或句末；
yet用于疑问句和否定句中，谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事，通常位于句末。
e.g.
—Have
you
had
your
lunch
yet?
你吃过午饭了吗？
—Yes,
I’ve
already
had
it.是的，我已经吃过了。
U1T2SB
1
population意为“人口”,“居民”，常用形容词large或small来表示人口的多少。
e.g.
China
has
the
largest
population
in
the
world.中国拥有世界上最多的人口。
注:
常用句式：What’s
the
population
of...?
意为“……人口是多少？
”have
a
pupulation
of...
意为“有……人口”
e.g.
China
has
a
pupulation
of
1.3billion.
中国有13亿人口。
2
increase
v.
(使)增加，（使)增大，增多。increase
by＋倍数或百分数，表示“增加了……倍或百分之……”。
e.g.
Compared
with
last
year,
our
pay
has
increased
by
three
times.
与去年相比，我们的工资增长了3倍。
increase
to＋具体的增长后的数字，表示“增加到了……”。
e.g.
Our
rice
output
has
increased
to
6
million
tons
this
year.
我们的水稻产量今年增长到了600万吨。
3
carry
out
实行，进行，执行。
e.g.
It
won’t
be
an
easy
plan
to
carry
out.
那并不是一个容易实施的计划。
e.g.
This
is
a
new
policy,
and
they
will
carry
it
out
next
year.
这是一项新政策，他们将在明年实施它。
U1T2SC
1
What
problems
do
you
think
China’s
large
population
has
caused?
你觉得中国的庞大的人口数目引起了什么问题？
此句中do
you
think是插入语，what
problems
作cause的宾语,所以do
you
think之后接陈述句语序。e.g.
Who
do
you
know
is
on
duty
today?
你知道今天谁值日吗？
这里do
you
know是插入语，who在句中作主语。
2
one
fifth
五分之一
要表示“几分之几的……”时，采用“分数+
of+
...”形式。
e.g.
two
thirds
of
the
students
三分之二的学生。
英语中分数表示法为：分子采用基数词，分母采用序数词且有单/复数形式。
分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。
e.g.
one
seventh七分之一，two
sevenths七分之二。
注：四分之一亦作a
quarter，百分数读作“基数词+percent（无复数）”。
e.g.
30%读作thirty
percent。half意为“一半，二分之一”，相当于one
second或50%。
3
because
of+n./v.-ing
因为……
eg.
Now
most
families
have
only
one
child
because
of
our
country’s
one-child
policy.
=Because
our
country
has
the
one-child
policy,
now
most
families
have
only
one
child.
由于我国实施独生子女政策，现在大多数家庭只有一个孩子。
4
whole着眼于整体，接可数名词单数形式。谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
e.g.
The
whole
family
likes
watching
TV.全家人都喜爱看电视。
This
whole
week
has
passed
quickly.整个一周都过得很快。
all着重于全体中的各个部分，接不可数名词或名词复数。
e.g.
All
the
people
in
the
ship
lost
their
lives.轮船上所有人都遇难了。
5
supply:
n.供应量，供给量，储备
eg.
The
water
supply
is
not
enough.水的供给不足。v.（尤其大量）供应，供给，提供，
常用句型：supply
sth.
to
sb./supply
sb.
with
sth
.eg.
Our
country
supplies
free
textbooks
to
children.
=Our
country
supplies
children
with
free
textbooks.
我国给孩子们提供免费的教科书。
provide,
offer与supply意思相近，但用法不同。
6
worse
and
worse
越来越糟糕
比较级+and+比较级
意为“越来越……”
eg.
The
weather
is
getting
colder
and
colder.
天气变得越来越冷了。
7
be
known
as...＝be
famous
as...
以……而闻名。
e.g.
Edison
was
famous/known
as
a
great
scientist.
爱迪生以一位伟大的科学家而闻名/著称。
8
It
worked
well
in
controlling
China’s
population.
它在控制中国的人口方面很有成效。
work
well
in
doing
sth.
在做某事方面很有成效。
eg.
Reciting
texts
every
day
has
worked
well
in
learning
English.
每天背诵课文在学习英语方面很有成效。
9
thanks
to多亏了……，由于……的帮助，相当于because
of
...或with
the
help
of
...，在此短语中，to是一个介词，后接名词或代词。
eg.
Thanks
to
the
doctor,
I
am
well
again.
多亏这位医生，我身体又康复了。
thanks
for
为……感谢。
U1T2SD
1
called
Fairmont过去分词短语放在名词后作后置定语，这里called可改为named/with
the
name
of
...。e.g.
The
boy
called/named/with
the
name
of
Li
Lei
is
my
brother.
名叫李雷的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
2
interest意为“吸引力,趣味”,不可数名词。
a
place
of
interest一处名胜，places
of
interest许多名胜。
e.g.
There
are
many
places
of
interest
in
our
city.
我们城市有许多名胜。
3
给某人打电话
call
sb.
up_
lose
one’s
way
迷路
增加了……
increase
by
developing
countries
发展中国家
developed
countries
____发达国家
carry
out
实行
到目前为止
so
far
采取措施做某事
take
measures
to
do
sth
thanks
to
sb./sth.
幸亏，由于
be
surrounded
by
被……所环绕
the
capital
of
China
中国的首都
Ⅰ.单项选择。（10分）
(
)1.—They
have
been
to
Australia.
—So
_____
I.
A.do
B.have
been
C.did
D.have
(
)2.The
population
of
Shanghai
is
larger
than
_____
of
Shenyang.
A.that
B.it
C.one
D.this
(
)3.—_____
the
population
of
the
U.S.A.
in
2009?
—It
_____
about
309
million.
A.What
is;
is
B.What
was;
was
C.How
many
is;
was
D.How
many
was;
is
(
)4._____
of
the
teachers
are
women
in
our
school.
A.Two
third
B.Two
threes
C.Two
thirds
D.Second
three
(
)5.He’s
read
this
book
before,
_____?
A.hasn’t
he
B.doesn’t
he
C.isn’t
he
D.wasn’t
he
(
)6.The
_____
population
may
be
the
greatest
challenge
of
the
world
today.
A.increase
B.increased
C.increasing
D.increases
(
)7.The
little
girl
has
_____
finished
reading
the
book
you
lent
her.
A.already
B.yet
C.still
D.once
(
)8.—What
has
happened
in
your
hometown?
—Great
changes
_____
in
my
hometown
recently.
A.have
been
taken
place
B.have
taken
place
C.have
been
happened
D.was
happened
(
)9.Students
today
have
a
lot
of
pressure(压力)
_____
they
have
to
learn
too
much
knowledge
at
school.
A.in
order
to
B.unless
C.
because
D.because
of
(
)10.—I
have
never
visited
a
paper
factory.
—_____
A.So
have
I.
B.So
I
have.
C.Neither
have
I.
D.I
haven’t
now.
Ⅱ.情景交际。（5分）
A:
Hi,
Mike!
You’re
reading
the
novel
again.
B:
Yes,
John.
I’ve
never
been
tired
of
it.
A:
11
B:
Three
times.
Every
time
I
read
it,
I
can
learn
something
new.
A:
Really?
12
B:
Charles
Dickens.
I
think
he
is
a
great
English
writer.
A:
13
He
is
also
my
favorite
foreign
writer.
Please
let
me
have
a
look
at
it.
B:
OK,
here
you
are!
...
What
do
you
think
of
this
novel?
A:
14
I
haven’t
seen
such
a
novel
for
long.
Where
did
you
buy
it?
B:
In
the
Xinhua
Bookshop.
A:
I
don’t
know
where
it
is.
15
B:
No,
only
10
minutes’
walk
from
here,
next
to
the
People’s
Cinema.
A:
Oh,
I
see.
I’m
going
there
to
get
one,
too.
Thank
you!
B:
You’re
welcome!
A.I
have
already
finished
reading
it.B.Who
wrote
it?C.How
many
times
have
you
read
it?D.So
do
I.E.Have
you
finished
it
yet?F.
Is
it
far
from
here?G.It’s
exciting.
1._____
2._____
3._____
4._____
5._____
Ⅲ.完形填空。（10分）
What
is
the
population
of
China?
There
are
more
than
a
billion
and
three
hundred
million
people
in
China.
It
is
almost
one
fifth
of
the
world’s
population.
How
to
control
the
population
growth
is
a
big
problem.
Some
people
think
16
control
the
population
growth.
But
I
don’t
agree
17
them,
because
where
there’s
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
The
question
is
that
we
should
make
it
18
how
serious
the
population
problem
is.
Our
farmland
is
becoming
less
and
less
to
everyone.
We
have
already
got
too
many
mouths
to
feed.
19
we
control
the
population
growth,
many
people
will
die
20
hunger.
Too
fast
population
growth
has
been
and
will
be
bad
for
our
nation.
Though
laws(法律)
have
been
21
to
control
the
population
growth,
in
some
places
22
is
done
to
carry
out
the
law.
We
should
make
people
23
that
it
is
foolish
to
bring
too
many
children
into
the
world.
They
should
24
do
what
they
have
been
doing
for
many
years.
We
are
fighting
against
the
rapid
population
growth.
Yes,
the
fighting
won’t
end
25
everyone
knows
its
importance
and
does
something
for
it.
Let’s
go
on
working
hard
on
it
together.
(
)16.A.that
is
impossible
for
B.impossible
of
C.that
is
impossible
of
D.it
impossible
to
(
)17.A.to
B.for
C.with
D.on
(
)18.A.known
to
everybody
B.known
by
everybody
C.know
to
everybody
D.know
by
everybody
(
)19.A.If
not
B.Unless
C.Until
D.If
(
)20.A.of
B.about
C.from
D.out
of
(
)21.A.pass
B.passed
C.broken
D.past
(
)22.A.many
B.little
C.a
lot
D.much
(
)23.A.to
know
B.to
learn
C.know
D.learning
(
)24.A.not
longer
B.not
more
C.no
longer
D.no
more
(
)25.A.until
B.after
C.when
D.as
Ⅳ.阅读理解。（30分）
(A)
Most
people
in
Britain
live
in
small
family
groups.
More
than
a
quarter
of
homes
in
Britain
have
only
one
person
living
in
them.
Some
of
these
persons
are
old
but
some
are
of
twenty
to
thirty
who
choose
to
live
alone.
35%
of
homes
have
two
people
living
in
them,
and
another
17%
have
three
people.
15%
have
four
people
living
in
them,
and
the
other
homes
have
five
or
more.
The
families
in
Britain
are
small.
It
is
unusual
for
parents
to
have
more
than
two
children.
When
children
are
about
eighteen
or
nineteen,
they
leave
their
parents’
home,
and
they
often
go
to
other
cities.
Sometimes
they
only
visit
their
parents
two
or
three
times
a
year.
根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(
F)。
(
)26.The
passage
is
a
report.
(
)27.35%
of
homes
in
Britain
have
3
people
living
in
them.
(
)28.The
families
in
Britain
are
large.
(
)29.Some
are
people
of
twenty
to
thirty
who
choose
to
live
alone.
(
)30.The
passage
mainly
tells
us
the
population
in
American.
(B)
Lamu
was
a
12-year-old
Tibetan
girl.
She
wanted
to
go
to
Beijing
to
watch
the
2008
Olympics.
Only
one
month
ago,
Lamu
still
thought
it
would
be
difficult.
In
the
past
Tibet
had
no
railroad
(铁路).
If
Lamu
took
a
bus,
it
would
take
her
a
long
time
to
reach
Beijing.
And
a
plane
ticket
would
cost
lots
of
money.
However,
things
changed
for
Lamu.
She
was
able
to
buy
a
ticket
to
the
world’s
highest
railroad.
The
Qinghai-Tibet
Railway
had
been
completed!
The
1,142-kilometer
railroad
runs
on
the
Qinghai-Tibet
plateau
(高原).
Lamu
could
reach
Beijing
by
train
in
48
hours!
About
550
kilometers
of
the
railroad
are
constructed
on
the
frozen
earth
(冻土).
When
the
frozen
earth
warms
in
summer,
it
can
move
the
track.
But
Chinese
scientists
have
built
a
special
structure
to
solve
the
problem.
The
Qinghai-Tibet
Railway
has
been
designed
with
the
wild
animals
in
the
designers’
minds.
It
also
has
special
underpasses
(地下通道)
for
animals
like
Tibetan
antelopes
(藏羚羊)
to
go
through.
“The
new
railroad
greatly
helps
Tibet’s
tourism,”said
Liu
Yueqin,
an
expert
at
the
Chinese
Academy
of
Social
Sciences
(中国社科院).
As
more
tourists
take
trains
to
Tibet,
there
are
more
money
for
Tibetans.
With
the
money,
more
kids
can
go
to
school.
The
railroad
also
makes
things
less
expensive
in
Tibet.
Now
one
can
buy
a
TV
set
for
about
1,500
yuan.
It
used
to
be
much
higher
than
that
price.
When
there
was
no
railroad,
it
had
been
difficult
to
send
things
in
and
out
of
Tibet.
With
the
new
railroad,
shopping
can
be
more
convenient
(方便的)
and
faster.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
(
)31.The
special
underpasses
are
_____
to
go
through.
A.only
for
Tibet’s
antelopes
B.for
Tibet’s
tourism
C.for
animals
D.for
Tibetans
(
)32.Which
of
the
following
about
the
Qinghai-Tibet
Railway
is
TRUE?
A.It
is
not
the
highest
railroad
in
the
world.
B.It’s
the
longest
railroad
in
the
world.
C.Scientists
have
no
way
to
solve
the
problem
of
the
frozen
earth.
D.Wild
animals
have
special
underpasses
to
go
through.
(
)33.After
the
new
railroad
was
completed
_____.
A.everyone
could
buy
a
cheaper
TV
set
B.Tibetans
can
do
business
in
and
out
of
Tibet
and
develop
their
tourism
C.more
and
more
people
could
fly
to
Tibet
as
soon
as
possible
D.more
and
more
animals
would
be
killed
by
people
(
)34.Before
the
railroad
was
finished,
_____.
A.all
Tibetan
children
could
go
to
school
B.the
transportation
in
Tibet
was
convenient
and
fast,
too
C.it
was
hard
for
Tibetans
to
buy
and
sell
things
in
and
out
of
Tibet
D.the
Tibetans
had
never
walked
out
of
Tibet
(
)35.The
best
title
(标题)
of
the
passage
is
“_____”.
A.Something
about
a
12-year-old
Tibetan
Girl
B.Reaching
Beijing
from
Tibet
by
Train
in
Forty-eight
Hours
C.High-tech
(高科技)
Brings
the
Tibetans
Happiness
D.The
Railway
Puts
Tibet
Closer
(C)
A
very
important
world
problem
is
the
growth
of
population
on
the
earth.
The
population
of
the
world
today
is
more
than
6,500,000,000.
That
is
a
great
number
and
we
know
it
quite
well.
The
important
thing
is
not
how
large
the
population
of
the
world
is
now,
but
is
the
rate
(速度)
of
the
growth.
It
is
about
1.63%
every
year
after
the
number
of
dead
people
has
been
taken
away.
To
give
you
some
ideas
of
the
birth
rate,
look
at
the
second
hand
of
your
watch.
Every
second,
four
babies
are
born
in
the
world.
Another
baby!
Another
baby!
Another
baby!
Another
baby!
You
can
not
speak
quickly
enough
to
keep
up
with
the
birth
rate.
The
population
is
growing
faster
and
faster.
So
it
goes
on,
hour
after
hour.
In
one
day,
people
have
to
find
food
for
over
350,000
mouths
more.
This
great
growth
of
population
will
make
a
big
problem
by
the
year
2015—there
will
be
as
many
as
7,000,000,000
people
on
the
earth!
So
this
is
one
of
the
biggest
problems
that
you
are
going
to
meet
within
your
life.
根据短文内容，回答问题。
36.What’s
one
of
the
important
world
problems
today
according
to
the
passage?
________________________________________________
37.What
is
the
growth
rate
of
population
every
year?
________________________________________________
38.将文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。
________________________________________________
39.From
the
passage,
how
many
new
babies
are
there
to
be
born
in
a
minute?
________________________________________________
40.What
may
be
the
population
of
the
world
by
the
year
2010?
________________________________________________
第三部分
写作（25分）
Ⅰ.词汇。（10分）
(A)
根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。
1.China
has
developed
a
lot
because
of
our
country’s
one-child
p_____.
2.China
has
the
largest
p_____
in
the
world.
It’s
1.3
billion.
3.We’ll
take
m_____
to
help
you
with
your
English.
4.I’ll
be
with
you
in
a
minute.
There
are
a
c_____
of
things
I
have
to
do
first.
5.This
is
a
good
shop.
It
brings
us
e_____
service.
(B)
根据句意，用所给单词或词组的适当形式填空。
little,
work
well
in,
difficult,
be
known
as,
already
6.Kangkang
has
________
gone
home.
7.The
Great
Green
Wall
has
________
controlling
sandstorms
(沙尘暴).
8.I
have
some
________
in
learning
English.
9.He
________
a
great
scientist.
10.Some
parents
in
________
developed
areas
prefer
boys
to
girls.
Ⅱ.句型转换。（每空一词）（5分）
11.I
have
already
seen
the
film.
(改为一般疑问句)
Have
you
_____
the
film
_____?
12.They
have
brought
us
very
good
news.
(改为感叹句)
_____
_____
_____
they
have
brought
us!
13.—Have
you
ever
met
each
other
before?
(作否定回答)
—_____,
_____.
14.She’s
never
late
for
school.
(改为现在完成时)
She
_____
never
_____
late
for
school.
15.I’ll
not
go
there
unless
you
go
with
me.
(同义句转换)
I’ll
not
go
there
_____
you
_____
go
with
me.
Ⅲ.书面表达。（10分）
请根据提示写一篇题为The
Population
Problem的短文。（80词左右）
提示:
1.人口问题是当今世界上最大的问题之一；
2.中国是世界上人口最多的国家；
3.如果人口增长过快，将会带来许多严重问题（请举例说明）；
4.我们应继续执行计划生育政策，以控制人口增长。
Ⅰ.
1.D
此句为so引导的完全倒装句。其含义为“A如此，B也如此。”其结构是so+be/助
动词/情态动词+主语。本句为完成时态，其助动词是have。故选D。
2.A
此句要用相同成分即上海的人口和沈阳的人口做比较。因为population是不可数名
词，所以用that代替。如果是复数名词则要用those来代替。
3.B
问人口的多少用what而不用how
many。本题问的是2005年的人口，
故为过去时态。
4.C
分数的表达法是基数词在前表示分子，序数词在后表示分母；当分子大于1时，表
示分母的序数词要加s。
5.A
本题考查反义疑问句反问部分的时态与人称的单复数要与陈述部分一致的用法。
6.C
本题考查increase的现在分词作定语的情况，表示“正在增长的”。increased是它
的过去分词也可作定语，但表示的是“已增长过的”。
7.A
already“已经”，常用于完成时态肯定句中；yet“已经”，常用于完成时态的疑问句
和否定句中；still“仍，还”；once“一旦……”根据题意选择A。
8.B
此题考查不及物动词happen和take
place的用法,
不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
根据题中changes是复数，答句用完成时态。故选B。
9.C
in
order
to和because
of后面不能接从句，unless不符合题意。故选C，用because。
10.C
上句为否定情况，应用neither/nor+助动词+主语，表示“我也未参观过造纸厂”。
Ⅱ.
11.C
12.B
13.D
14.G
15.F
Ⅲ.
16.D
本句中要用it来作think的形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的不定式短语，即主语+
谓语+it+adj.+to
do
sth.
的形式。
17.C
本句考查agree
with
sb.
这一结构。
18.A
本句中make
it
known
to是较为正式的习惯用语，表示把某事向……公布或发表。
19.B
根据题意本句是条件状语从句，所以排除时间状语从句引导词C项。unless“除
非，如果不”，if不合题意，if
not不能引导从句。故选B。
20.A
本句考查die
of+n.
短语，意思是“死于……”，故选A。
21.B
本句指法律被通过，动词选用pass，又是被动语态用be+过去分词，故选B。
22.B
本句中谓语动词是单数并与上句呈对比关系，所以排除A、C、D，应选B项。
23.C
本句考查make
sb.
do
sth.
这一结构。
24.C
表示“不再”有两种结构，一种是not
…
any
longer/any
more，另一种是no
longer/more，此处应考虑第二种结构，而no
longer表示时间上的“不再”，no
more
表示频率上的“不再”。根据题意，应指的是时间上的“不再”。
25.A
本句考查not
…
until这一结构。
Ⅳ.（A）
26.T
本文是一篇报道。
27.F
根据and
another
17%
have
three
people.
可知本句错误。
28.F
根据The
families
in
Britain
are
small.
可知本句不正确。
29.T
本文原句。
30.F
本文主要告诉我们的是英国家庭的人口结构问题而不是美国的人口问题。
（B）
31.C
由文中It
also
has
special
underpasses
for
animals
…
可知选C。
32.D
由It
also
has
special
underpasses
...
to
go
through.
可知选D。
33.B
根据本文的后四段文字，可知选B。
34.C
由Without
the
railroad,
it
has
been
difficult
to
send
things
in
and
out
of
Tibet.
可知选
C。
35.D
A、C两项没有直接提到铁路，所以排除。B项内容只是本文围绕中心而提到的
一个内容，作为题目表达不全面，所以排除。
（C）
36.The
growth
of
population
on
the
earth.
37.It
is
about
1.63%
every
year
after
the
number
of
dead
people
has
been
taken
away.
38.重要的问题并不在于世界上现在有多少人口，而是在于人口增长的速度。
39.Two
hundred
and
forty.
40.Seven
billion.
第三部分
写作
Ⅰ.（A）1.policy
2.population
3.measures
4.couple
5.excellent
（B）6.already
7.worked
well
in
8.difficulties
9.is
known
as
10.less
Ⅱ.11.seen,
yet
12.What
good
news
13.No,
never
14.has,
been
15.if,
don’t
Ⅲ.参考范文:
The
Population
Problem
The
population
is
one
of
the
biggest
problems
in
the
world
today.
China
has
the
largest
population
with
1.3
billion.
It’s
about
one
fifth
of
the
world’s
population.
A
large
population
causes
many
difficulties,
not
only
for
every
family,
but
also
for
the
whole
nation.
It
has
become
a
serious
problem.
In
many
less
developed
areas,
some
parents
prefer
boys
to
girls.
As
a
result,
many
girls
can’t
go
to
school.
I
think
we
should
do
something
to
control
the
population.
One
answer
is
known
as
the
one-child
policy.
It
has
worked
well
in
controlling
China’s
population.