(共30张PPT)
名词的数
及
名词所有格
Grammar
名词单数变复数的构成规则,来,说说看?
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:
一般情况在词尾加-s,
例如:book→books,
girl→girls,
boy→boys,
pen→pens.
2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词加-es,
例如:bus→buses,
box→boxes,
watch→watches,
brush→brushes.
3.以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,
例如:city→cities,factory→factories,
country→countries,
family→families.
但要注意:
以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s。
如:
boy→boys,
day→days.
4.以o结尾的词多数都加-es。
例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,
tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。
例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos.
5.以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,
例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves,
half→halves.
6.少数名词有不规则的复数形式,
例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice.
【注意】
1.与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women.
例如:an
Englishman,
two
Englishmen.
但German不是合成词,故
复数形式为
Germans;
man,
woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:men
workers,
women
teachers.
有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。
Let's
do
some
exercises!
中考有关名词的试题
1、These
_________
have
saved
many
children’s
lives.
A.
woman
doctors
B.
women
doctor
C.
women
doctors
D.
woman
doctor
2、---Are
there
any
________
on
the
farm?
---Yes,
there
are
some.
A.
horse
B.
duck
C.
chicken
D.
sheep
3、
---What
would
you
like
to
drink,
________
or
orange?
---Orange,
please.
A.
hamburger
B.
chip
C.
tea
4、
_____
turn
yellow
in
autumn.
A.
Leaf
B.
Leaves
C.
Leave
D.
Leafs
C
D
C
B
5、Help
yourselves
to
some
_____
,
dear
children!
A.
fishs
B.
fishes
C.
fish
D.
the
fish
6、---
They
are
thirsty.
Will
you
please
give
them
______
?
---
Certainly.
A.
some
bottles
of
waters??
B.
some
bottles
of
water
C.
some
bottle
of
water????
D.
some
bottle
of
waters
7、_____
hard
work
it
is!
A.
What
a
B.
How
C.
What
D.
How
a
8、I
met
two
_____
in
the
street
yesterday
morning.
A.
German
B.
Australian
C.
American
D.
Japanese
C
B
C
D
名词的所有格的形式有哪些?
logo
名词的所有格的形式有哪些?
‘s
s’
of结构
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。翻译成“...
...的”
表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加
's,其复数形式是s',
例如:a
student's
room,
students'
rooms,
father's
shoes.
如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加
's,如:Children's
Day.
在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用
's,
例如:a
twenty
minutes'
walk,ten
miles'
journey,
two
pounds'
weight,
ten
dollars'
worth.
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。翻译成“...
...的”
4.
无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,
例如:a
map
of
China,the
end
of
this
term,the
capital
of
our
country,
the
color
of
the
flowers.
5.双重所有格,例如:a
friend
of
my
father's.
【注意】
1.如果两个名词并列,并且分别有
's,则表示“分别有”,
例如:John's
and
Mary's
rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom's
and
Mary's
bikes(两人各自的自行车)。
2.两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,
例如:John
and
Mary's
room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom
and
Mary's
mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹).
Let's
do
some
exercises!
1.
一张中国地图
____________
生活费用
______________
步行15分的路程
__________
walk
=
a
___________
walk
三天的假期
____________
holiday
=
____________holiday
2.(1)
Tom
is
a
son
of
_________
(my
aunt)
(2)
--Where
have
you
been,
Tim
?
--I’ve
been
to
_________
(Henry).
(3)
______________
(Tim
and
Peter)
mothers
both
work
in
the
same
hospital.
five
minutes’
five-minute
the
cost
of
living
a
map
of
China
three
days’
a
three-day
Tim’s
and
Peter’s
the
Henry’s
my
aunt’s
1.
The
woman
over
there
is
______
mother.
A.
Julia
and
Shelley’s
B.
Julia’s
and
Shelley’s
C.
Julia
and
Shelley
D.
Julia’s
and
Shelley
2.Today
is
September
10th.
It’s_____
Day.
Let’s
go
and
buy
some
flowers
for
our
teachers.
A.
Teacher
B.
Teachers’
C.
the
Teachers’
D.
Teacher’s
3.
Are
they
going
to
have
a
picnic
on
_______
?
A.
Children’s
Day???
B.
Childrens’s
Day
C.
Childrens
Day?????
D.
Children
Day
中考链接-名词选择题
及详解
1.(2018广东,32)The
three
????
upstairs
are
too
small
to
have
enough
????
for
a
double
bed.
A.room,room B.room,rooms
C.rooms,room D.rooms,rooms
答案????C 句意:楼上的三个房间都太小了,没有足够的空间放一张双人床。本题考查名词。
room意为“房间”时作可数名词,意为“空间”时作不可数名词,根据句意可知答案为C。
知识拓展 在英语中,部分名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但两者在意义上是不同
的。如:experience作可数名词时,意为“经历”,作不可数名词时,意为“经验”;glass作可数名
词时,意为“玻璃杯”,作不可数名词时,意为“玻璃”。
中考选择题
2.(2018深圳,9)—Simon
always
reads
for
half
an
hour
before
bedtime
every
day.
—That's
a
good ????.
Reading
makes
a
full
man.
A.dream B.wish C.habit
答案????C 句意:——西蒙每天睡觉前总是看半小时书。——那是一个好习惯。阅读使人充
实。本题考查名词辨析。dream梦想;wish希望;habit习惯。根据句意可知答案为C。
3.(2018深圳,11)—I'm
looking
forward
to
the
final
of
the
2018
World
Cup.
—Me
too.
I
hope
the
German
team
will
be
the ????.
It's
my
favorite.
A.player B.winner C.loser
答案????B ——我很期待看2018年世界杯总决赛。——我也是。我希望德国队会成为获胜
队。它是我的最爱。本题考查名词辨析。player选手;winner获胜者;loser失败者。根据句意可
知答案为B。
4.(2017广东,29)Daniel
has
tried
to
lose ????by
eating
less
recently,
but
two
kilos
has
been
put
on
instead.
A.weight B.weights C.height D.heights
答案????A 句意:最近Daniel尽量通过少吃减肥,但是反倒增加了两公斤体重。考查固定短语
lose
weight减肥,height意为“高度”,与句意不符。故选A。
5.(2016广东,27,★)The
broken ????may
cut
into
your
hand
if
you
touch
it.
You
should
be
care-
ful.
A.glass B.glasses C.candle D.candles
答案????A 句意:如果你碰这块破碎的玻璃的话,它有可能会扎到你的手。你应该小心。本题
考查名词。glass玻璃,此处为不可数名词,根据句意可知答案为A项。
深度解析????本题属于易错题。学生对于glass是可数名词还是不可数名词可能掌握得不好。
因为我们平时常见到glasses(眼镜),故容易做错此题。需要对glass的词性有全面的了解。
6.(2015广东,28)Mickey
Mouse
is
one
of
the
most
famous ????in
American
????.
A.symbol;culture
B.symbol;cultures
C.symbols;culture
D.symbols;cultures
答案????C 句意:米老鼠是美国文化中最著名的标志之一。本题考查名词。“one
of+the+形
容词最高级+可数名词复数”意为“最……之一”;in
American
culture在美国文化中。故选
择C项。
深度解析 本题考查名词的数,是中考的常考点之一。在记住规则变化的同时,还要记住不规
则变化的那些常考词。
7.(2015茂名,27,★) ????Day
is
coming.
I
will
buy
some ????for
Miss
Wu.
A.Teacher's;flower B.Teachers';flowers
C.Teachers';flower
答案????B 句意:教师节要来了。我会给吴老师买一些花。本题考查名词的用法。表示“教
师节”使用Teachers'
Day,是固定用法;“some”意为“一些”,后接可数名词复数或不可数
名词,flower为可数名词,故使用其复数形式。故正确答案为B项。
8.(2014广东,28)Katherine
was
excited
to
receive
a
dozen
of
roses
from
her
husband
on
????
Day.
A.Woman B.Women C.Woman's
D.Women's
答案????D 句意:在妇女节那天,Katherine很兴奋地收到了她丈夫送的一打玫瑰花。Women's
Day“妇女节”为专有名词,故答案为D项。
9.(2014广州,17)Yesterday
for
dinner
I
had
a
piece
of
beef,vegetables
and ????.
A.some
rice B.a
few
rice
C.a
little
rices D.a
rice
答案????A 句意:昨天的晚餐我吃了一片牛肉、蔬菜和一些米饭。本题考查不可数名词的用
法。rice“大米”为不可数名词,A项的some既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词;B项的a
few只能修饰可数名词复数;C项的rices应去掉s;D项的rice前不能加不定冠词,故正确答案为A
项。
10.(2014汕尾,27)Spring
is
Tom's
favourite ????.He
likes
warm
weather.
A.holiday B.season
C.fruit D.drink
答案????B 句意:春天是Tom最喜欢的季节。他喜欢温暖的天气。本题考查名词词义辨析。
holiday假期;season季节;fruit水果;drink饮料。根据句意可知应选B项。
11.(2018湖北黄冈,26)—I'm
thirsty,
Mom.
I'd
like
something
to
drink.
—We
only
have
some
????
in
the
fridge.
A.oranges B.ice-cream
C.juice D.cheese
答案????C
句意:——我渴了,妈妈。我想要一些喝的东西。——我们的冰箱里只有一些果
汁。本题考查名词词义辨析。A选项意为“橘子”;B选项意为“冰激凌”;C选项意为“果
汁”;D选项意为“奶酪”。由句意可知本题选择C。
12.(2018天津,24)Her
smile
made
me
feel
warm
and
lively.
It
was
like
a
hidden
????.
A.competition B.interview
C.treasure D.tradition
答案????C 句意:她的笑容使我感到温暖和活力。它就像是一个隐藏的宝藏。此题考查名词
词义辨析。competition竞赛;interview面试,采访;treasure宝藏,珍宝;tradition传统。根据句意和
名词含义,选择C。
解题思路 考生要根据上句提示进行理解,比较四个选项名词的含义,故而得出答案。
13.(2018湖北武汉,36)—Kate,
I'm
going
shopping.
Anything
to
buy
for
you?
—Yes,
that
will
save
me
a
????.
A.hand B.trip C.visit D.bill
答案????B????句意:——凯特,我要去购物。需要为你买些东西吗?——是的,那将会省去我一趟
行程。本题考查名词词义辨析。A选项意为“手”;B选项意为“旅行;行程”;C选项意为
“参观;拜访”;D选项意为“账单”。根据句意可知本题选择B。
14.(2018重庆,23)—I
have
a
bad
cold.
—Sorry
to
hear
that.
You'd
better
go
to
see
a ????
at
once.
A.doctor B.cook C.writer D.farmer
答案????A 句意:——我得了重感冒。——听到这则消息(我)很难过。你最好马上去看医生。
本题考查名词的词义辨析。因为感冒了,所以要看医生,故选A。cook厨师;writer作家;farmer农
民,均与题意不符。
知识拓展 go
to
see
a
doctor=go
to
hospital。
15.(2018江西,32)I
live
near
a
big ????.
It
gets
very
noisy
on
match
days.
A.hospital B.store C.bank D.playground
答案????D 句意:我住在一个大操场附近。在比赛的日子里它变得很吵闹。本题考查名词词
义辨析。根据后句中的on
match
days可知,此处是操场(playground)。hospital医院;store商店;
bank银行。
思路分析 选项要放在语境中来思考,句子的意思要符合逻辑。只有playground与noisy、
match相符。
16.(2018云南,23)—I
like
the
????
named
The
World
of
English
very
much.
—Me,
too.
I
have
read
it
for
many
years.
A.game B.program C.movie D.magazine
答案????D 句意:——我非常喜欢那本叫作《英语世界》的杂志。——我也是。我已经读了
很多年。本题考查名词词义辨析。game游戏,比赛;program节目;movie电影;magazine杂志。
根据The
World
of
English可知,这是一本杂志的名字。故选D项。
17.(2018安徽,32)—What
is
the ????of
your
excellent
spoken
English?
—Practice
makes
perfect!
A.result B.influence
C.duty D.secret
答案????D 句意:——你的口语极好,秘诀是什么?——熟能生巧!本题考查名词词义辨析。re-
sult
结果;influence影响;duty职责;secret秘诀。回答的是学习方法,故要问口语说得好的秘诀。
知识拓展 practice
makes
perfect是英语谚语,表示“熟能生巧”。考生要多掌握英语谚语,培
养语感。如:no
pain,no
gain不劳则无获。
18.(2018河南,23)—It's
useless
to
regret
what
has
been
done.
Don't
make
those
mistakes
again.
—I
won't.
That's
a(n) ????.
A.order B.decision
C.promise D.agreement
答案????C 句意:——后悔已经做过的事情是没有用的,不要再犯那些错误了。——我不会了,
这是一个承诺(我承诺)。本题考查名词词义辨析。A.订单,命令;B.决定;C.许诺;D.协定。根据
句意可知“我发誓不再犯那些错误了”。
19.(2018河北,27)Did
you
hear
the ?????
A
scientist
will
visit
our
school.
A.advice B.news C.praise D.choice
答案????B 句意:你听说那个消息了吗?一个科学家将参观我们的学校。本题考查名词词义辨
析。A选项意为“建议”;B选项意为“新闻;消息”;C选项意为“表扬;赞扬”;D选项意为
“选择”。由句意可知本题选择B。
词汇拓展 news意为“新闻;消息”,为不可数名词。其常见短语和谚语有:a
piece
of
good
news一条好消息;some
bad
news一些坏消息;No
news
is
good
news.
没有消息就是好消息。
20.(2018甘肃兰州,31)If
the
temperature
is
below
0℃,
water
will
turn
into ????in
the
open
air.
A.ice B.steam C.fog D.rain
答案????A
句意:如果温度低于零摄氏度,在户外水会变成冰。本题考查名词辨析和生活常
识。根据生活常识可知,设空处意思为“冰”,用ice,故选A项。steam水蒸气;fog雾;rain雨,均与
题意不符。
21.(2017天津,24)Don't
stand
too
close
to
North
Americans.
You'd
better
give
them
more
person-
al
????.
A.time B.system C.space D.pity
答案????C 句意:别站得离北美人太近。你最好给他们更多的个人空间。本题考查名词词义
辨析。A项意为“时间”,B项意为“系统”,C项意为“空间”,D项意为“遗憾”。根据句意
应选C项。
Thank
you