(共52张PPT)
Sharing
Unit 4
help the disabled
Look at the pictures below.
Do you know what these people are doing
clean in the community
plant trees
fight against the flood and rescue the old and the sick
teach kids in poor areas
We call them
Volunteers
Have you ever helped others What did you do to help your parents or other relatives or your friends In groups, discuss whether someone who helps the groups on the survey form can be called a “volunteer”.
Discussion
What do you do to help… Name: Name: Name:
1. your parents
2. other relatives
3. your friends
4. people in your
community
5. people outside
your community
Make a class list of the different things your classmates do for each of the groups on the survey form.
What does the word “volunteer” mean In groups, discuss whether someone who helps the groups on the survey form can be called a “volunteer”.
People who help others willingly without being paid would be called volunteers. However, they would not be called volunteers if they help their parents, other relatives or friends.
What is a volunteer
The definition of “volunteer”
The important factors
not for rewards – esp. money and
materials
Volunteer – not forced to do so
Not only the person but also the society
and the environment benefit from
it with participation
Cooperative Discussion
What do the volunteers usually do to help other people
A possible version: The volunteers make their greatest efforts to help others. For example, they collect money for the Hope Project to help poor children with afford their schooling; they go to serve old people
in the community; they join the Go West Project to improve the standard of education in the school by introducing the modern teaching methods used in the east; they join “1 help1” project to visit elderly people who live alone and help with shopping, do jobs in the house, etc.
Guessing Game
1. He is the famous player who has become
one of the volunteers of China Bone
Marrow Bank (中华骨髓库).
2. He was the singer whose money was
completely spent in sponsoring (资助)
children who can’t go to school.
丛飞
3. This is the volunteer sign which/that is
designed for the 29th Beijing Olympic
Games.
The sign of United Nations Volunteer in China (中国青年志愿者)
4. It is one part of our country where lots
of graduates are willing to go and
help poor people.
A
B
C
November
15
September
20
July
5
December
5
5. I can well remember the date when the
Chinese Young Volunteers Association
was founded on.
1994年12月5日成立了中国青年志愿者协会
There are many famous
volunteers you know.
Here are some photos below.
Can you guess who they are
Norman Bethune 白求恩
Mother Teresa
特蕾莎修女
She lived in India (1910-1997).She helped the poor and the sick and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 .
徐本禹
丛飞
濮存昕
The image ambassador for HIV/Aids
Have you ever worked as a volunteer
Why should people volunteer
an exchange of culture
social contact
learn new skills and language
develop and gain practical experience
develop leadership and teamwork skills
What voluntary work have you done
If not, what will you volunteer to do in the future
Which countries do you think need help most Why
In which country do you want to do voluntary work In China or
abroad Why
Discuss the following questions in groups:
There are many people around us, in our country or even in the world who need different kinds of help. So voluntary work is an important and great cause. Not only can it make people live better but also it can bring happiness to volunteers. So we should form a sense of helping others and take an active part in any kind of voluntary activities from now on.
To be a volunteer:
There are many volunteers working in different mountainous areas or developing countries, among which Papua New Guinea (PNG) is one.
What do you know about Papua New Guinea
Location: situated to the north of Australia
Population: about 5.7 million
Language: English as the official language
Pidgin English as the language for
communication
Economy: a poor country with most people
living in tribal villages and depending
on subsistence farming to make a living.
Education: About 85% of children start
school but only about 60% of these
reach Year 5
PNG’s national flag and national emblem(国徽)
巴布亚在马来语中意为“卷发人”。
16世纪中叶，葡萄牙人来到该岛时，
见当地居民和自然景观很像非洲的
几内亚，故称之为新几内亚.
PNG’s paper currency
Houses made of bamboo and grass
Tribe (部落)
Villagers
Jo was a volunteer
who worked in
Papua New Guinea
(PNG) for two years.
The following photos
were taken by Jo in
PNG. Look at the
photos and answer
the questions.
Photos 1 to 3
1 What kind of students was in Jo’s
class
2 Describe the classrooms.
3 What similarities and differences
can you find between Jo’s classroom
and yours
1 My class
2 Students putting new
grass on classroom roofs
3 Building a new
science lab
Photos 1 to 3
1 What kind of students was in Jo’s class
Answer:
Secondary school children from a developing country. We know this because there are no walls to the classroom so the climate must be hot. The desks are close together but there don’t appear to be enough desks for each child. The students are poorly dressed.
2 Describe the classrooms.
The classrooms are made with wooden poles and have bamboo walls and grass roofs (except for the new science lab which has a metal roof). The floor has bamboo matting on it. The walls do not reach the roofs (except the walls of the science lab). There is no glass in the windows.
3 What similarities and differences
can you find between Jo’s classroom
and yours
Similarities to my classroom:
1 There are desks.
2 There are both boys and girls in the
classroom.
3 There is no spare space in the
classroom.
4 There is a separate science laboratory.
Differences from my classroom
1 Some of the walls are missing.
2 There is a pole holding up the roof in
the middle of the room.
3 There is no school uniform.
4 The students have no textbook.
5 There is no glass in the windows.
6 The students have to repair the
classroom themselves.
Photos 4 to 10
1 Jo took many photos of a visit to a
student's village. What can you say about the village
2 What can you say about life in the
village
4 View of the village
from the ridge
5 Some of Tombe’s
family with Mukap
on the left
Photos 4 to 10
6 Kiah preparing
vegetables
7 Tombe’s family
and Jenny waiting
for the meal to cook
8 A woman and baby
we saw on the way home
9 Tombe with his
grandfather who’s
digging up peanuts
10 Village huts
1 Jo took many photos of a visit to a student's village. What can you say about the village
The village is very small. It is by a river at the bottom of a valley. It has steep slopes all around it.
Answer:
2 What can you say about life in the village
The village huts are small. They have no windows. They are made of wood and bamboo and have grass roofs. Meals are prepared and cooked outside. One of the crops grown is peanuts. The tool used for this crop is a digging stick. There is a woman carrying a naked baby on her shoulders. She is also carrying a heavy-looking bag. She has bare feet.
Homework
1. Look up the new words
and expressions of the
reading in the dictionary.
2. Preview the reading:
A LETTER HOME(共22张PPT)
Unit 4 Sharing
Listen to the text.
Jennifer (J) Wells is interviewing Dr Mary Murray (M), who works for Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF). They use time expressions to talk about Mary’s life. Listen to the tape and number the expressions in the order you hear
them.
MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES
J: Good afternoon. I’m Jennifer Wells and
today on “Making a __________”. I’m
going to _____ to Dr Mary Murray who
works _____ Medicines Sans Frontieres.
Welcome Mary.
M: Thank you. Jennifer.
J: Now please tell me why do you ________
to join MSF.
Listen again and fill in the blanks.
Difference
decide
for
talk
M: Well, while I was ________ in Sydney
during the 1980s, I got to know two
Sudanese students and visited them in
_____. I became good friends with their
families and decided to work in a ______
clinic in their country in _____ for a
couple of months. There I saw children
with terrible ________ that could have
been prevented. That’s why I decide to
work in ____________ countries.
studying
1990
health
1992
diseases
developing
J: I see. So in _____ you joined MSF and
went to Malawi. What did you do ______
M: Actually in Malawi I was working with
children _______ with HIV/AIDS. It
was heart-breaking. Children died
because we didn’t have _________
medicines.
J: Oh, how sad!
M: Yes, but things gradually _________.
Now there’s treatment for HIV, which
is showing very good ________.
1997
there
affected
enough
improved
results
J: That’s excellent news. Then, in _____ you
went ______ to the Sudan again. Let’s
talk about your work there.
M: Well, the conditions were very
__________. It could be unbelievably
hot – sometimes as hot as _____ degrees
Celsius! But when the rains came, the
roads became so ______ that we spent
most of our time digging the car _____.
The clinics were just mud huts and the
only _____ I had were a stethoscope and
my _____ hands.
2001
back
challenging
56
muddy
tools
two
out
J: Goodness, a _________ indeed!
M: (laughing) True, but it’s amazing what
you can do when you have ____ choice.
J: And how do you think these experiences
_____ the last few years have affected you
M: Well, they make me ________ for what I
have. I really ______ my work because I
feel I’m helping people who _________
might not get help.
challenge
no
over
grateful
enjoy
otherwise
J: That’s great. Now, just ______ you go …
what do you _______ to be doing in the
future
M: Well, I’m _________ to the Sudan in
two weeks’ time for a ________ six
months. Then I’m not sure. I hope to
return to ________ again though.
J: Thank you, Dr Murray, and it’s been
lovely talking to you. We wish you all
the ______ with your work.
M: Thank you, Jennifer.
expect
before
returning
further
Africa
best
Listen to the text.
SERVING COMMUNITIES
Jason, Mick and Annie are discussing how the school can serve communities outside the school.
J = Jason M = Mick A = Annie
Listen again and fill in the blanks.
J: Have you two got any _______ what
the CCC should do this year
M: Yeah. What about ___________ a child
from a poor country My parents do
that through an organization _____
Plan International.
A: Mmm, I like the _______ of that. What
do you think, Jason
J: Yeah, I like Mick’s idea too. I’ll write
it down. Any ______ ideas
ideas
sponsoring
called
sound
more
A: Well, I looked on the _________ and
came across The Fred Hollows
Foundation.
J: What’s that, Annie
A: It’s an organization that helps _______
people in developing countries get
their _______ back.
J: That _______ good too.
M: Yes, I like it as well.
A: Great!
Internet
blind
sight
sounds
M: But what about supporting a _______
of local charities as well
J: You mean like The _______ Council
M: Yes. That’s OK by me. What about
you, Annie
A: Fine. The Cancer Council always needs
money for ________.
M: What about this one I’ve heard of
__________ called Youth in the City,
which helps young ________ get their
Year _____ certificate.
couple
Cancer
research
something
adults
10
J: ______ do they need help
M: These are young people who can’t
finish ______ school. The money will
help finish their __________.
A: I think that’s a great idea. Now, how
are we going to _______ the money
M: Well, we could run some competitions
at ___________, say, in Term 1 …
A: (interrupts) … and we could have a
concert or ______ night in Term 2
and a basketball match in Term 3.
Why
high
education
raise
lunchtimes
movie
J: Or we could have a __________
challenge – you know, like getting
someone to sponsor you for walking
____ kilometres.
M: Well, we can think about that ______.
A: Ok, but I think we’re also got to talk
about giving our ______ and not just
our money.
J: Absolutely. I think we should definitely
continue ________ soup to homeless
people on Fridays …
personal
25
time
serving
later
M: (interrupts) … and visiting ______
people and children in hospital every
_______.
A: What I’d really like to do is
something for the ___________ – like
tree planting or cleaning up ________.
M: Well, we can’t do everything. Let’s
meet after school to ________ this
further. OK
J & A: Ok.
old
week
environment
rubbish
discuss
Listen to the text.
THE FRED HOLLOWS FOUNDATION
Annie, a member of the Community Care Committee, is talking to students in her school about the Fred Hollows
Foundation.
Did you know that every _____ seconds somebody in the world ______ blind That’s about ____ million people. And what is worse is that about _____ of them do not need to be blind at all.
Do you know what cataracts are It’s when the lens of _____ becomes more and more _______ until eventually you can’t see anything. That sounds ____ but
Listen again and fill in the blanks.
five
goes
45
half
eye
cloudy
bad
the treatment is ______. The cataracts can be removed and ________ by a special perspex lens. This simple operation lasts about ____ minutes and by the next day the patient can see again. So it’s not really a problem in _____ countries. However, in developing countries the _______ are terrible. Because blind people can no ________ work or look after themselves, they cannot earn the money to ____ for the
simple
replaced
20
rich
effects
longer
pay
operation. So they have no chance of _______
again.
One of the people who wanted to help these
poor people was an Australia eye _______
called Fred Hollows. He believed that the
operation was _____ expensive and that
everybody had the right to see. So in ______
he determined to find a way to reduce _____.
First, he trained doctors in Nepal, Vietnam
and Eritrea, so that they could ________ eye
seeing
doctor
too
1985
costs
perform
operations. Second, in _____ he started the
Fred Hollows Foundation and rained
enough money to build ____ laboratories to make cheap perspex lenses. One opened in Eritrea and one in Nepal in ______, a year after his death in 1993. These laboratories meant that the lenses could be produced much more ________. They are now sold to over _____ countries. The Fred Hollows Foundation has worked to ________
1992
two
1994
cheaply
50
prevent
blindness in more than ____ countries. It has trained over______ local eye doctors. In 2003 one of these doctors ________ by the Foundation put in the one _______ Fred Hollows perspex lens.
Fred Hollows spent his life in the ______ of others and believed that action was the answer to ________ unhappiness. I think we are ________ to be able to see that we have a ______ to help others see too!
Thank you.
29
750
trained
million
service
human
lucky
duty(共58张PPT)
Revision of
Restrictive Attributive Clauses
Unit 4 Grammar
They are kind and warm-hearted people who can give time, energy and talents to help others in need and serve their communities, expecting nothing in return.
Riddle
Who are they
Volunteers
Do you know Xu Benyu who was one of the ten famous people that made the whole nation moved in 2004 Let’s share his stories by combining these sentences.
“我愿做一滴水/我知道我很微小/当爱的阳光照射到我身上的时候/我愿意无保留地反射给别人。”
Xu Benyu is a 24-year-old boy.
His family is very poor.
Xu Benyu is a 24-year-old boy whose family is very poor.
When he was still a student, he began to sponsor those students.
B. Those students were poorer than him.
When he was still a student,
he began to sponsor those
students who were poorer
than him.
He arrived in the poor village in Guizhou Province and saw the Cave Primary School on that day.
He would never forget the day.
He would never forget the day when he
arrived in the poor village in Guizhou
Province and saw the Cave Primary School.
He taught in a very poor mountainous village.
B. There was no water, no electricity or telephone.
He taught in a very poor mountainous
village where there was no water, no
electricity or telephone.
A. He still well remembered those happy days.
B. He spent those happy days in singing and playing games with the students.
He still well remembered
those happy days which he
spent in singing and playing
games with the students.
A. At the meeting he told us his stories and the reasons.
B. He told us why he could overcome all kinds of difficulties and help others.
At the meeting he told us his stories and
the reasons why he could overcome all
kinds of difficulties and help others.
Xu Benyu is the very
kind person.
B. We should learn from him.
Xu Benyu is the very
kind person whom we
should learn from.
从上面对志愿者徐本禹的介绍中我们看到，当对所描述的人或事物加以修饰或限定时，定语从句就有很大的用处。接下来我们就详细的回顾一下定语从句的用法吧！
定语从句的分类
定语从句
The Restrictive Attributive Clause
限制性定语从句
The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
非限制性定语从句
限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开
非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开
引导词：
who, whom, whose, which,
of which,when,where等，不用that,不能省略
引导词： 关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略
Revision of
Restrictive Attributive Clauses
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有：which, that, who, whom, whose和as。引导定语从句的关系副词有：where, when, why。
An astronaut is a person who works and travels in space.
2. A spacecraft is a vehicle that/ which can travel in space.
antecedent 先行词
relative pronoun
关系代词
3. A space capsule is a place where an astronaut works.
4. 15th Oct. 2003 was the day when Yang Liwei entered outer space in
“Shenzhou V” spaceship.
relative adverb关系副词
antecedent 先行词
限制性定语从句的构成
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.
You must do everything that I do.
I have found the book which I lost.
I visited the school where I studied.
关系代词
关系副词
注意事项:
1. 从句的位置:
2. 翻译方法:
3. 构成：
先行词之后
“……的”
关系词
关系代词的用法
关系代词 指代 所做成分 是否可省略
that
which
who
whom
whose
人；物
主语，宾语
作宾语可省
物
主语；宾语
作宾语可省
人
主语；宾语
作宾语可省
人
宾语
可省
人；物
定语
不可省
关系代词的用法：
1. 作主语用who, which或that, 如：
He is the man who/that lives next door.
The train which/that has just left is for
Shenzhen.
2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that 如：
The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.
Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week
注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who, whom, that通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用who(m), 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。
3. 作定语用whose 如：
(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.
注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念, 这时可以与of which 结构互换。
词序是：“名词+of which”，如：
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which)
He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)
4.作表语只用that, 它既可以指人，也可以指物, 但时常省略。例如：
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
难点：whose
The teacher praised the student.
His English is the best in our class.
The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.
Join the following pair of sentences.
whose =the student’s
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
The house is mine.
The window of the house is broken.
The house whose window is broken is mine.
whose=the house’s window
The house is mine.
the window of which is broken
of which the window is broken
关系代词的用法练习
1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.
2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.
The eggs (that/which) I bought them
were not fresh.
The friend who/ that he came to supper
last night was not hungry.
3. He prefers the cheese. It comes from
parents’ farm.
4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked
them.
He prefers the cheese that/which it
comes from his parents’ farm.
The noodles (which/ that)you cooked them
were delicious.
关系副词的用法
指代
所做成分
是否可
省略
when
时间
状语
否
where
地点
状语
否
why
原因
状语
否
关系副词
1. when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born
关系副词的用法:
注：when时常可以省略，特别是在
某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：
Each time he came, he did his best to help us.
But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.
2. where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有: place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。如：
This is the hotel where they are staying.
I forget the house where the Smiths lived
注：where有时也可以省略。如：
This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
注：why时常也可以省略。如：
That is the real reason (why) he did it.
使用关系副词应注意下列几点：
1. 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一
定的介词+which结构：
when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which.
I was in Beijing on the day when
(=on which) he arrived.
The office where (=in which) he works
is on the third floor.
2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：
I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.
His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.
His father works in a factory which /that makes radio parts.
温馨提示：
when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只能引导限制性定语从句。
关系副词和先行词的关系
I still remember the day when I came here.
This is the house where I lived last year.
There are many reasons why people like
traveling.
on the day =when
in the house= where
for the reasons =why
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
1 当先行词是不定代词时, 如:
all, few, little, much, every, something,
anything, everything, 等。
2 当先行词被the only, the very, the same,
little, few, no, any等修饰时。
3 当人和物合做先行词时。
只能用that 做关系代词的情况
4 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
5 在疑问词who, which, what开头的句子中。
介词+关系代词的情况 1
The man whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city which she lives is far away.
to
in
介词+关系代词的情况 2
The man who/whom you spoke was a
scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
Are these two sentences right
to
in
介词+关系代词的情况 3
The man who/whom you spoke was
a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
×
×
Are these two sentences right
可见, who, that 不能用于介词之后。
介词+关系代词的情况 4
Is this the watch that you are looking for
The old man whom I am looking after is
better.
在固定短语中介词不能提前。
下面两句中的介词能提前吗
1. 根据先行词来确定
This is the pot in which I boiled the milk. This is the pot (which / that) I boiled the milk in.
介词的确定方法：
介词 + which / whom
1979 was the year in which my son was
born. (= when)
This is the place in which I grew up.
(= where)
The person to whom I complained is the manager.
The person (who/whom/that) I complained to is the manager.
2. 根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定
3. 当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组
时, 介词不能前置
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.
1. If a shop has chairs ______ women
can park their men, women will spend
more time in the shop.
A. that B. which
C. when D. where
解析：答案D 先行词chairs在定语从句中作状语，用where。
典型题例解析
2. — Why does she always ask you for
help
— There is no one else _____, is there
A. who to turn to
B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn
D. for her to turn
解析：答案B one是先行词，省略了关系代词that。
3. Many people who had seen the film
were afraid to go to the forest when
they remembered the scenes _______
people were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which B. by which
C. which D. that
解析：答案A 该题考查定语从句介词+关系代词。
4. Do you still remember the chicken
farm _______ we visited three months
ago
A. in which B. by which
C. which D. that
解析：答案C 先行词farm在从句中作visit的宾语。
5. There were dirty marks on her
trousers ______ she had wiped her
hands.
A. where B. which
C. when D. that
解析：答案A 先行词her trousers在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词where。
6. Is this the only reason _______ at the
meeting for his carelessness in his
work
A. that he explained
B. what he explained
C. why he explained
D. which he explained
解析：答案A 先行词前有the only, the
very, the right等修饰时，要用 that。
1. Those successful deaf dancers think
that dancing is an activity _____ sight
matters more than hearing.
(2007 天津卷)
A. when B. whose
C. which D. where
2. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases
_____ beginners of English fail to use
the language properly. (2007 陕西卷)
A. which B. as C. why D. where
3. — Where did you get to know her
— It was on the farm _______ we
worked.
(2007 山东卷)
A. that B. there C. which D. where
4. The road conditions there turned out
to be very good, ______ was more than
we could expect. (2008 全国卷II)
A. it B. what
C. which D. that
5. Later in this chapter cases will be
introduced to readers _____ consumer
complaints have resulted in changes in
the law. (2008 江西卷)
A. where B. when
C. who D. which
6. For many cities in the world, there is no
room to spread out further, ____ New
York is an example. (2008 四川卷)
A. for which B. in which
C. of which D. from which
7. The growing speed of a plant is
influenced by a number of factors, ____
are beyond our control. (2008 湖南卷)
A. most of them B. most of which
C. most of what D. most of that
8. — What do you think of teaching, Bob
— I find it fun and challenging. It is a
job _______ you are doing something
serious but interesting. (2009 北京卷)
A. where B. which
C. when D. that
9. She’ll never forget her stay there _____
she found her son who had gone missing
two years before. (2009 四川卷)
A. that B. which
C. where D. when
10. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a
city ______ name will create a picture of
beautiful trees and green grass in our
mind. (2009 湖南卷)
A. which B. of which
C. that D. whose
11. Gun control is a subject _______
Americans have argued for a long time.
(09陕西卷)
A. of which B. with which
C. about which D. into which
12. Children who are not active or ______
diet is high in fat will gain weight
quickly. (2010 北京卷)
A. what B. whose
C. which D. that
13. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth
is unlikely to be the only planets ______
life has developed gradually.
(2010 福建卷)
A. that B. where
C. which D. whose
14. The newly built café, the walls of
_______ are painted light green, is
really a peaceful place for us, specially
after hard work. (2010 江苏卷)
A. that B. it C. what D. which
15. I’ve become good friend with several
of the student in my school _______ I
meet in the English speech contest last
year. (2010 湖南卷)
A. who B. where C. when D. which
He did all / everything ______he could to
help me.
2. This is the very thing ______ I am after.
3. This is the first thing ______ I want to say.
4. He often speaks the role he played in the
play, _______ made others upset.
5. He opened the door, in front of ______ sat
a boy.
that
that
that
that, which, whose, whom or who
which
which
Fill in the blanks.
6. Is there anything else _____ you want
to say
7. Any person _____ has the money can
join the group.
8. The man to ______ I spoke is a famous
scientist.
9. The boy ______ mother is dead was
brought up by his father.
that
that
whom
whose
that, which, whose, whom or who(共58张PPT)
A LETTER HOME
Unit 4 Reading
Read the explanation and speak out the word it explains.
to take part in or become involved in an activity
muddy
adj. 泥泞的；泥土般的
covered by or containing mud
platform
n. 台；平台； 讲台；月台
a long flat raised structure at a railway station, where people get on and off trains
concept
n. 观念；概念
a principle or idea
participate
vi. 参与；参加
fortnight
a period of two weeks
n. 两星期
remote
adj. 遥远的；偏僻的
far away in distance, time or relation
the covering that forms the top of a building, vehicle, etc
roof
n. 屋顶；车顶
adjust
vt. & vi. 调整；（使）适合
to change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable
rectangular
n. 矩形；长方形
rectangle
adj. 长方形的；矩形的
a flat shape with four 90° angles and four sides, with opposite sides of equal length
weekly
adj. & adv. 每周（的）
happening once a week or every week
connected with what is happening or being discussed
a book that contains detailed information about a subject for people who are studying that subject
relevant
adj. 有关的；切题的
textbook
n. 教科书；课本
paperwork
n. 文书工作
the part of a job which involves writing letters and reports and keeping records
sniff
vt. & vi. 嗅；闻；用鼻子吸
to smell something by taking air in through your nose
privilege
n. 特权；特别优待
an advantage that only one person or group of people has, usually because of their position or because they are rich
someone whose job is to change what someone else is saying into another language
interpreter
n. 作口译的人
otherwise
conj. 否则；不然
adv. 用别的方法；其他方面
used after an order or suggestion to show what the result will be if you do not follow that order or suggestion
hear from…
(be) dying to
the other day
dry out
dry up
极想; 渴望
接到……的信
(指河流、井等)干涸
(使浸水等之物)完全变干;
干透
不久前的一天
Match
Independent State of Papua New Guinea
The mainland of Papua New Guinea together with its six hundred other islands has a population of approximately 5.9 million. There are over seven hundred language groups, reflecting the different origins of the people. Some 85 percent of the population directly derive their livelihood from farming, and 15 percent of the population live in urban areas.
General Information
Skimming
to get
general ideas
Skimming
Reading Comprehension I
What’s the main idea of the text
Jo wrote a letter to her friend Rosemary to talk about her experience as a volunteer teacher in Papua New Guinea.
Skimming
Reading Comprehension II
The condition of Jo’s school is _____.
A. normal
B. first class
C. simple and rough
2. The attitude of Tombe’s family
towards Jo and Jenny’s visit is ______.
A. indifferent
B. enthusiastic
C. dislike
Careful reading
to solve
difficult points
hear from sb. 收到某人的信
= receive a letter from sb.
I look forward to hearing from you.
I heard from her last month.
注意：hear from后面只能接表示人的
名词或代词，不可接letter作为它的宾语。
hear of/about = to be told about sth./sb.
听说；得知
She disappeared and was never heard of
again.
与hear 相关的短语:
hear about 听到关于......的消息
hear from 收到……的来信
hear of 听说, 听到
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做了某事
hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事
2. be dying to do / for sth.
渴望做某事；迫切想要
She is dying to go abroad.
我极想出国。
I'm dying for a glass of water.
他很渴望喝杯水。
3. relevant (adj) → relevantly (adv)
“有关的；有实际价值(重要性)的”
反义词 ：irrelevant
★ be relevant to “与……有关”
= be connected with
have sth to do with
The work of this kind is not relevant to sex.
这种工作与性别无关 。
4. adjust vi. & vt. 调整；使适合
adjust the watch 把表拨准
adjust the errors 校正误差
Can you adjust it
你可不可以把它调整一下？
Please adjust the volume.
那么就请您调一下音量吧。
adjust oneself to... 使自己适应……
adapt & adjust
※ adapt (oneself) to 适应; 适合
You should adapt yourself to the new environment. 你应该适应新环境。
adjust 适应; 调整; 调节; 使之适应
※ adjust (oneself) to =adapt (oneself) to
适应
He adjusted his tie before entering the hall.
5. dry adj. 干燥的
vt. 使……变干; 把……弄干
dry out＝ become/make dry
(使) 变干; 干透
Water the plant regularly, never
letting the soil dry out．
经常给植物浇水，别让土壤干透了。
dry up (of rivers, lakes, etc.) become completely dry (河流等)干涸；(使)枯竭
The clothes will soon dry up in the wind.
这衣服经风一吹很快就会干的。
The writer's long separation from social
life dried up his imagination．
长期脱离社会生活使这位作家的想象力
枯竭了。
I know you’re dying to hear all about my
life here, so I’ve included some photos
which will help you picture the places I
talk about.
我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况，
因此我在信封里放了一些能够帮助你想象
出我所讲述的地方的照片。
句中so是连词，引导的是结果状语从句。
课文难句精析
而该从句中含有两个定语从句：
一个是由关系代词which引导的限制性定语从句，修饰、限定先行词photos；
另一个是省略了关系代词which / that的限制性定语从句，修饰、限定先行词places。主句中含有一个省略了连词that的宾语从句，该从句作know的宾语。
【拓展】
结果状语从句表结果，主要由so (that), so… that, such.... that, that, with the result that等引导。结果状语从句皆置于主句之后。
2. Sometimes I wonder how relevant
chemistry is to these students, most of
whom will be going back to their
villages after Year 8 anyway.
有时候，我真想知道，化学对这些孩子
究竟有多大用处，他们中的大多数人学
完八年以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。
句中how为连接副词，引导一个宾语从句。该从句作wonder的宾语。该从句中含有一个由关系代词whom引导的非限制性定语从句。
【拓展】
“名词 / 代词 / 数词 / 形容词＋介词＋
关系代词which / whom”引导非限制性
定语从句，且在从句中作主语时，要注
意谓语动词的数的问题。用于这个结构
的代词主要有：both, some, several,
most, all等，而其后的介词多用of。
其中形容词多用其比较级或最高级形式，
因为形容词前有定冠词the，实际上这个
形容词相当于名词。
Find the main idea of each part
Try to divide it into four parts, and summarize what each part is about.
Part 1 (Paragraph 1):
Part 2 (Paragraphs 2-3):
Part 3 (Paragraphs 4-8):
Part 4 (Paragraph 9):
Jo’s school and her teaching work.
Jo’s visit to Tombe’s home in the village.
Introducing the topic — Jo’s life in PNG.
Part 1 (Paragraph 1):
Part 2 (Paragraphs 2-3):
Part 3 (Paragraphs 4-8):
Part 4 (Paragraph 9):
End of the letter.
Scanning
to get
detail information
Complete the sentences with the characters
mentioned in the letter:
__________ was dying to hear all about
Jo’s life in Papua New Guinea.
2. ________ walked a long way to get to the school .
3. ______________ didn’t have any textbooks.
4. ________ started jumping out of the
windows during a chemistry experiment.
Rosemary
The boys
The boys and Jo
scanning
Reading Comprehension III
The boys
5. ____________ visited a village that was
the home of one of the boys, Tombe.
6. _______ started crying “ieee ieee” to
welcome them.
7. _______ led us to a low bamboo hut.
8. ______ was going to share the platform
with Jenny and Jo.
9. ______________ softly talked to each
other in their language Jo didn’t
understand.
Jenny and Jo
Kiak
Mukap
Kiak
Tombe’s family
l. Why does Jo call the school where she
teaches a bush school
A. Because the school was built in a bush.
B. Because the classrooms are made from
bamboo and the roofs from grass.
C. Because there is nothing but bush
around the school.
D. Because students in that school use
"bush" as their names.
scanning
Reading Comprehension IV
2. Which of the following statements is true
A. There is no electricity but enough
water at school.
B. I can become used to the school' s
condition easily.
C. The students there often do chemistry
experiments.
D. We have neither textbooks nor any
experiment equipment.
3. Which of the following sentences is
wrong about Mukap' s house
A. There were no windows and the
doorway was just big enough to get
through.
B. The hut was dark inside so it took
time for our eyes to adjust.
C. Fresh grass had been laid on the floor
but there was an old platform.
D. There was a fireplace in the centre of
the hut near the doorway.
Read Jo's letter again and look at her photos. Then complete the table below.
Types of houses Diet
Family relationships Possessions
Cooking methods Agriculture
Sleeping arrangements Beliefs
scanning
Reading Comprehension V
Types of houses
Diet
Small, round, made of bamboo, grass roofs; men’s huts have grass sticking out of the top of the roof, no windows (men and women have separate huts); small doorway, floor covered with fresh grass
Sweet potato, corn, greens, banana leaves, peanuts
Family relation-
ships
Posse-ssions
Large extended families (Everyone seemed to be a relative of Tombe’s.)
Not many-one broom, a few tin plates and cups, a couple of pots
Cooking methods
Agricul-
ture
Hot stones are placed in an oil drum, then vegetables are placed in the drum, covered with banana leaves and steamed.
Tools are very basic eg a
digging stick.
(there is no machinery.)
Sleeping arrange-ments
Beliefs
A new sleeping platform for the guests, Kiak usually slept in her own hut
The villagers believe in evil spirits. They believe that leftover food attracts evil spirits so they dry it out in a can over the fire. Then the can is thrown out of the hut.
Find or guess the reasons for three facts
according to Jo’s letter.
Fact Reason
The boys jumped out of the windows in the science lesson.
Jo wondered how relevant chemistry was to the boys.
Tombe’s mother cried “ieee ieee” when she saw Jo.
There were no windows in Mukap’s hut.
The tin can was standing upside down on the grill.
scanning
Reading Comprehension VI
Fact Reason
The boys jumped out of the windows in the science lesson.
Jo wondered how relevant chemistry was to the boys.
Tombe’s mother cried “ieee ieee” when she saw Jo.
Because they were frightened; they had never seen anything
like it before.
Because most of them would live all their lives as farmers.
It was her way to welcome visitors to the village and she drew everyone’s attention to their arrival.
Fact Reason
There were no windows in Mukap’s hut.
The tin can was standing upside down on the grill.
Perhaps it’s because that was a man’s house.
The tin can was used to dry out the leftover food, which might attract evil spirits, so the tin can was thrown out of the hut.
What do you think are the positive and negative things about living in a village in Papua New Guinea Give your reasons. The first one is done for you.
Positive aspects Negative aspects
1 Boys value education 1 No running water or electricity
2 2
3 3
4 4
scanning
Reading Comprehension VII
Positive aspects Negative aspects
1 Boys value education. 1 No running water or electricity.
2 Everyone would know each other. 2 The village might be cut off from the outside world and might not have roads to and from it.
Positive aspects Negative aspects
3 The village does not have to rely on outside sources for food. 3 The village might not have a school so students might have to walk a long way to the closest school.
4 People can live without many possessions. 4 There might not be any medical services close by.
1. Would you like to go to a school like
the one described in the letter Give
reasons.
2. What are the differences between the
school you go to and the one described
in the letter
Discussion
3. Jo felt it was a privilege to have spent a
day with Tombe’s family. If you were Jo
how do you think you would have felt
Give reasons.
4. Why do you think Jo became a volunteer
in PNG Give as many possible reasons
as you can. Would you like to work as a
volunteer in a poor area Why
Quiz
Complete the following sentences with
proper words.
1. Colour and sex are hardly r_________
when appointing someone to a post.
2. A_________ to the climate there was more difficult than they had expected.
3. Everybody in the class is expected to
p_________ in this discussion.
4. They walked along the country roads which were _________ (泥泞的).
elevant
djusting
articipate
muddy
5. She can’t grasp the basic _________
(概念) of mathematics.
6. Mail comes to this _________ (偏僻的) village only once a week.
7. Parking in this street is the _________
(特权) of the residents here.
8. He insisted three years is not enough for a good ____________ (作口译的人).
9. He picked up the b______ to help me sweep the floor.
concepts
remote
privilege
interpreter
room
plete the following sentences
without changing their meanings.
1. I haven’t received any letter from my
elder brother studying abroad up to the
present.
I haven’t __________ my elder brother
studying abroad up to the present.
2. I am eager to get back home early.
I am __________ get back home early.
heard from
dying to
3. Sam left home two weeks ago and we
haven’t received any letter from him
since.
Sam left home ___________ ago and we
haven’t received any letter from him
since.
4. You have to go now or you’ll miss the
train.
You have to go now, _________ you’ll
miss the train.
a fortnight
otherwise
III. Translation
1. I’ve included some photos __________
_______________ (能够帮助你想象出)
the places I talk about.
2. The boys _________________________
______________________ (以前从来没
有见过这种情况) started jumping out
of the windows.
who had never come across
anything like this before
which will
help you picture
3. Her two sons, _______________________
(都在国外工作), ring her up every week.
4. He sat behind me then _______________
___________________________ (所以我
看不见他脸上的表情). (so that)
5. The machine must __________________
(每周检查).
6. The sun will soon __________________
(把马路晒干).
be checked weekly
see the expression on his face
so that I couldn’t
both of whom work abroad
dry up the roads
7. I am ____________________________
(很想知道发生了什么事).
8. Helen ____________________________
(那天借走了我的书), saying that she
would return it soon.
9. He ______________________________
(很快使自己适应了) the heat of the
country.
10. Everyone in the class is expected to
________________________ (参加讨论).
dying to know what happened
borrowed my book the other day
adjusted himself very quickly to
participate in the discussion
1. Read the passage again after class
and find all the attributive clauses
in it.
2. 发挥想象，连词成文(50-100字).
Homework
relevant, remote, the other day,
concept, (be) dying to, adjust,
hear from …, otherwise.
