(共22张PPT)
Unit 2 Robots
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED
Listen to the text.
Listen to Molly (M) and Kate (K) discussing the story “Satisfaction Guaranteed”.
M: Don’t you think that was a great _____
story, Kate
K: No, not ______!
M: You didn’t Well, I loved it. There was
so much _______ between Tony and
Claire.
K: Molly, that’s ________. Tony was just a
_________. Yes, maybe Claire fell in love
with him, but I don’t believe ______ can
feel emotion of any kind. That’s the
__________ between them and us.
Listen again and fill in the blanks.
love
really
emotion
rubbish
machine
robots
difference
M: Well, I _________. I think Tony loved
Claire. Remember he said to her that
he didn’t want to _____ her the next day,
and that he felt more than just the _____
to please her Then he ______ her.
K: Yes, Molly, but that was just part of
Tony’s _____. They made him so he
couldn’t allow a human being to be ____.
He could see that Claire was hurting
herself by her _____ of confidence.
disagree
leave
wish
kissed
role
hurt
lack
So he tried to make her ____ good about
herself. It had _______ to do with emotion
– that was just how he was ______.
M: Yes Kate, but he did hurt Claire.
K: How
M: He was so ______ to her that she fell in
love with him. So it must have hurt her
when he was _______ away.
K: True, true. I guess that’s why the
company had to ________ hum … er …
the machine I mean!
nothing
feel
made
kind
taken
rebuild
M: Yes, such a _______ really. I’d like a
robot like Tony living at my _______.
Imagine a handsome man ______ only
purpose in life to ________ you.
K: Actually, I suppose that was the
company’s greatest ________.
M: Er
K: They made the robot look so much like
a _____ man, so it was bound to cause
_______!
M: Yes, you’re right.
shame
house
whose
please
mistake
real
trouble
Listen to radio presenter, Alan Dobson
(AD), talking to a science news reporter,
Emma Woods (EW). About robots in
today’s world.
Listen to the text.
THE WORLD OF ROBOTS
Listen again and fill in the blanks.
AD: Now it’s time for our ______ chat
with the science news _________,
Emma Woods. Hi, Emma.
EW: Hi, Alan.
AD: So, what do you ______ for us today,
Emma
EW: Well, Alan, I thought we’d have a
______ look at the world of robots.
AD: That’s an interesting _______.
weekly
reporter
quick
have
topic
EW: Well, we actually already use robots
in many _________ situations, nut now
they’re also being _________ for use
around the house. Let me tell you
about a very clever carpet _______ that
can move from room to room cleaning
your house by _______. You can
programme it, so that it cleans when
you’re ______ and you can control it
from your _________ at the office.
industrial
developed
cleaner
computer
itself
away
AD: I wonder ________ it does a good job,
but I want one anyway!
EW: Well, Alan, you’d probably also
_____ a PaPeRo.
AD: A what
EW: A PaPeRo. P-A-P-E-R-O. It’s an
egg-shaped ________ robot that you
can talk to.
AD: You’re kidding. You mean it can
__________ you
whether
want
personal
understand
EW: That’s right. I’ve heard that it
understands _____ phrases and speaks
more than ______ words. And it can
recognize ________ people.
AD: That’s amazing! So, what can it do
EW: Well, it can check your _____. It can
help children do ________ on the
Internet for their homework, talk to
them about their day at ______, and
even ______ games with them.
650
3,000
different
email
research
school
play
AD: Unbelievable! Now, let’s move on to
other ______ of robots. You also
found out about a tiny robot ______,
didn’t you
EW: That’s right, Alan. This wonderful
little robot weighs less than ___ grams
and has a _______. In the near future
it’ll be used to fly into __________ areas
and check if anyone is trapped ______.
types
plane
9
camera
dangerous
inside
AD: So it could _____ a lot of people’s lives.
EW: Yes, and, recently, a _______ chair has
been developed that the ________
believe will help people who can’t
walk to go up and down ______.
AD: Well Emma, thanks so much for
telling us a little ___ about the exciting
world of ______. Now what are you
going to talk about next week
save
waking
makers
stairs
bit
robots
Listen to Part 1.
ROBOT PETS
Amanda, Victoria and Jamie are reading about four robot pets and then discussing whether robot pets can be real pets.
A = Amanda V = Victoria J = Jamie
Listen again and fill in the blanks.
A: (reading) Aibo can walk, sit, ____ down
and wag its tail. It learns the name
you give it and can ______ when you
call it. It develops its own __________.
It can learn about ____ commands.
V: (reading) Furby likes being ______. At
first he speaks his _____ language, then
he gradually switches to _______ the
more time you spend with him. (not
reading) He looks like a big-eared _____.
Isn’t he so cute, Jamie
lie
answer
personality
50
patted
own
English
bird
J: Well, Victoria, I think he looks _______.
I like these ones, _______. (reading)
Paro can open and close its _____ and
move its flippers. Tama _________ her
own names, She purrs when she’s
patted. That shows she’s ______, but if
you hit her she’ll give you an ______ hiss.
Gradually her behaviour ________ and
she develops her own personality.
strange
though
eyes
recognizes
happy
angry
changes
Listen to Part 2.
A: I don’t understand the point of a robot
____. Why wouldn’t you get a real one
J: Well, you don’t have to ____ a robot dog
or take it for _____. And they don’t bark
or bite!
V: And it wouldn’t make your house _____!
A: Yeah, but it’s not real pet, is it It’s a ___.
V: Well, Amanda, I must say Aibo and
Furby look like toys to me. At least Paro
and Tama look more like real ________.
Listen again and fill in the blanks.
pet
feed
walks
dirty
animals
toy
J: I don’t think it ________ if the robot
looks like a real pet or not. If someone
thinks of the robot ____ a pet, then it is
a pet.
A: But Jamie, don’t you think it’s _____
if the person thinks of the robot as a
_____ pet
J: No, I don’t think so, not if he gets
__________ from it.
matters
as
sad
real
enjoyment
A: Well, I don’t believe a robot can be a
true _______ even if it does develop its
own personality. I mean stroking a
dog or cat makes you feel good
_________ you’re making it happy.
You ______ make a robot “happy”.
V: But you can make Tama _______. It all
depends on how you ______ her.
friend
because
can’t
happy
treat
A: That’s true, ____ she’s programmed to
be like that.
J: Anyway, I think robot _____ would be
good kinds of pet for _______ who
cannot have a live pet or who can’t
_____ for one – like people who are
old, sick or ________.
people
care
disabled
but
pets(共36张PPT)
Revision of
The passive Infinitive
Unit 2 Grammar
To be, or not to be - that is the question.
——Hamlet
Obviously, to be obeyed was natural
to Jim.
2. My brother appeared to be satisfied with
the final result of the basketball match.
3. It needs not to be said that they are very
happy together.
Joan is a girl easily to be frightened by
dogs.
5. At that moment, I had to shout loudly
to be heard by everyone.
6. The posters were ordered to be printed
immediately.
7. The manager ordered the posters to be
printed immediately.
8. Look, they are waiting for the door to be
opened.
9. Make sure that you know what is to be
done.
不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态
不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。
不定式被动式讲与练
语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have
done to have
been done
进行式 to be doing /
完成进行式 to have
been doing /
当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。
1 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，
有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时
发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动
作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again.
= I hope that I’ll see you again.
2 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动
词表示的动作之前。
I’m sorry to have given you so much
trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3 进行时：强调动作已在延续或动作
正在进行。
They seem to be getting along well
with their new jobs.
He seems to be eating something.
4 完成进行时：表示动作是在谓语动
词所表示的动作之前就一直在进行。
They are said to have been collecting
stamps for over twenty years.
He appears to have been waiting a
long time.
不定式的被动形式有下列用法:
(1) 作主语
It is an honour for me to be asked
to speak here.
(2) 作宾语
She asked to be sent to work in
Xinjiang.
一 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。
(3) 构成复合宾语
He wanted the letter to be typed at
once.
She didn’t like herself to be praised
like that.
(4) 构成复合谓语
The books are not allowed to be taken
out of the room.
(5) 作定语
Are you going to the meeting to be held
in the teachers’ office
(6) 作状语
She was too young to be assigned such
work.
二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：
It is a good thing for him to have been
criticized. (主语)
She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)
He thought it an honour to have been
invited to the party. (复合宾语)
The book is said to have been translated
into many languages. (复合谓语)
She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定语)
三、不定式的主动形式表示被动
1. 在there be结构中。
例如： There is a lot of homework to do．
(也可用to be done)
There is no time to lose (to be lost).
2. 在“n／pron + be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。
例如： He is hard to convince.
He is an impossible person to work with．
3. 在“too…to do; enough…to…”结构中。如：
The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)．
The house is big enough to live in.
4. 在“with+n+to do”结构中。
例如： With nothing to do, he lay in bed． With so many exercises to do, I can’t go to the cinema．
5. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
例如： I have a letter to type today．
Do you have anything to say
(I是to type的逻辑主语)
(you是to say的逻辑主语)
6. 当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。
This is the best book to read (=for us／you to read)． The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house．
7. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。
常见的这类动词有let(出租), rent，
hire, blame等。
The house is to let． I felt I was to blame.
动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。
I have three motors to repair today.
The task is difficult to finish on time.
NOTICE
1. My ambition is _________ to the university
which has the most excellent sporting
facilities in Beijing.
A. to admit
B. to be admitted
C. to be admitting
D. to have been admitted
课堂练兵
2. Young as he is, he doesn’t like _______
as a child.
A. to treat B. treating
C. to be treated D. to be treating
3. The professor and his fellow workers
were sent there _______ for the space
flight.
A. train B. to be training
C. to have been trained D. to be trained
4. Lily has been invited to a garden party
_________ next Saturday evening.
A. to be held B. to hold
C. to be holding D. to have been held
5. Jack is reported _______ chairman of the
trade union by all members.
A. to choose B. to have been chosen
C. to be choosing D. to be chosen
6. — Is Mary still studying
— I’m afraid not. She is said ________ the
classroom already.
A. to be left B. to leave
C. to have been left D. to have left
7. Do let your parents know all the truth.
They appear __________ everything.
A. to have been told B. to tell
C. to be telling D. to be told
1. It took a long time for the connection
between body temperature and illness
_________. (2006 江西卷)
A. to make
B. to be made
C. making
D. being made
2. Energy drinks are not allowed ______
in Australia but are brought in from
New Zealand. (2006 上海卷)
A. to make
B. to be made
C. to have been made
D. to be making
3. When asked why he went there, he said
he was sent there _____ for a space flight.
(2007 江西卷)
A. training B. being trained
C. to have trained D. to be trained
4. The children talked so loudly at dinner
table that I had to struggle ______.
(2007 浙江卷)
A. to be heard B. to have heard
C. hearing D. being heard
5. I feel greatly honored ____ into their
society. (2008 北京卷)
A. to welcome B. welcoming
C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
6. The message is very important, so
it is supposed _____ as soon as possible.
(2008 陕西卷)
A. to be sent B. to send
C. being sent D. sending
7. We are invited to a party _________
in our club next Friday. (2009 山东卷)
A. to be held B. held
C. being held D. holding
8. The discovery of gold in Australia led
thousands to believe that a fortune
______. (2010 全国I卷)
A. is made B. would make
C. was to be made D. had made
1. The dishes need
2. The mail is intended
Sentence Making
wash
send
to be washed.
to be sent.
3. The singer refused
4. The house is
photograph
sell
to be photographed.
to be sold.
5. The wall is expected
paint
to be painted.
frighten
6. The bird seems
to be frightened.
1. She hates ________________ by her
classmates.
2. Tim refused _________________ by his
father to school.
3. She struggled _______________ by the
French visitors.
to be accompanied
to be understood
Fill in the blanks.
accompany understand envy
laughed at discuss test
to be laughed at
4. These are the issues ______________ tomorrow.
5. The new drug is ___________ out on
500 patients next year.
6. She was very beautiful but she didn’t
like ___________ by all the girls she
met.
to be tested
to be envied
to be discussed
accompany understand envy
laughed at discuss test(共55张PPT)
Robots
Unit 2
Is it a real girl
A robot is basically a computer-controlled machine that is programmed to move, manipulate (操纵) objects, and accomplish work for us human beings. It is able to perform repetitive tasks more quickly, cheaply, and accurately than humans.
What is a robot
Sounds Reasonable
A robot is a machine designed to do jobs that are usually performed by humans. Robots are programmed and controlled by a computer .
Have you ever played with robot toys
Do you want to play with the real robots
some real robots
Guess what these robots are doing.
Playing football
Riding/Cycling
Playing music
Dancing
Do you know when the first robot appeared
In the 1920's, Karl Capek from Czechoslovakia introduced the world's first robot on stage. His play was entitled "Rossum's Universal Robots." The theme of the play was robots controlling humans in society. He rejected all suggestions that a robot could ever replace a human being, or have feelings such as love.
All robots include 3 elements:
Body Control Behavior
According to the above definition, many objects are kind of robots.
For example:
Robots Non-Robots
Alarm Clock Walkman
Traffic Light (timed) Car
Microwave (cook for 2 min) Typewriter
Photocopier (make 100) Bicycle
VCR (recording) Flashlight
Sometimes, a few of the objects we've classified above can be considered both robot and non-robot. Those that can fall into both categories include the car (it's a robot with cruise control), the TV (it's a robot if it has alarm capabilities), and the VCR (it's a non-robot if you're just playing a tape).
Let’s look at the pictures below and see what robots can look like.
Spider
What can
robots look
like
Dinosaur
Dragonfly
Snake
Mantis (螳螂)
螳螂
Humans
Huge arm
Discussion
Robots
Play with humans
Do research
Talk with humans
Do the
housework
And so on…
Take care of
children
Act as a policeman
/a seller
Do some shopping
What can a robot do
Say hello to
people
Talk with
people
Clean the plane
Do the labour work
Lead the way
Play sports
Nowadays robots can be made into
various shapes for various uses.
What kinds of work are robots usually
used for
Robots are made to perform different tasks. Many of them are used for tasks that are either dangerous or unpleasant for us human beings. In other cases, robots are used in repetitive, or boring tasks in which human performance might degrade (降低价值) over time. Robots can perform these repetitive, high-precision operations 24 hours a day without fatigue.
Why use Robots
There are many benefits to using robots instead of humans. The good thing about robots is that they will never get bored, and they will do things more efficiently than people. Also, robots never get sick, or need to rest. They will never need time off, or lunch breaks. Sometimes, when a task is too dangerous or difficult for a human, a robot will be able to do it without any risks or problems.
Why we study robots
Search engines
Labor
Science
Medicine/
Diagnosis
Appliances
What else
诊断
Honda Humanoid Robot
Walk
Turn
Stairs
Robot Teams
USC robotics Lab
Which one of the following is NOT
a robot
A. Bicycle. B. Traffic light.
C. Microwave. D. Photocopier.
2. Which of the following can be
considered both a robot and a non-
robot
A. Alarm Clock. B. Motor Bike.
C. Microwave. D. VCR.
Robot Quiz
3. Why would a company choose to use
robots instead of humans
A. They never get sick.
B. They don't need a lunch break.
C. They'll never be bored.
D. All of the above.
4. Robots can do work that is too _____
for humans.
A. fun B. scary
C. dangerous D. predictable
Fiction: stories, novels, etc. which describe events and people that do not exist
Non-fiction: writing that is about real people, events and facts
Literature: writing that is considered to be work of art, including novels, plays
and poetry
Do you know any science fiction literature, films, TV shows or cartoons about robots
Let’s look at some movie posters below which are about robots. Do you know the names of these movies
Transformers 《变形金刚》
I, Robot 《我，机器人 》
The Matrix 《黑客帝国》
AI - Artificial Intelligence 《人工智能》
Doraemon 《机器猫》
Do you like these movies or
cartoons
Choose one and prepare to
tell the class about it briefly.
Do you think it is possible for a
robot to:
think for itself
have feelings
have its own needs and desires
look and feel like a human being
Do you know who he is
What’s the relationship between Isaac Asimov and robots
Isaac Asimov
Isaac Asimov is an American scientist and author, who wrote science fiction, proposed three (and then he added Law Zero) Laws of Robotics (in the 1940's):
Law Zero: A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.
Law One: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction allow a human being to come to harm.
Law Two: A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
Law Three: A robot must protect its own existence, as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.
Short Story Collections:
I, Robot The Rest of the Robots
The Complete Robot
Robot Dreams Robot Visions
Novels:
The Caves of Steel The Naked Sun
The Robots of Dawn
Robots and Empire
Autobiography: It's Been a Good Life
Isaac Asimov’s Main Works
What’s your opinion about the three Laws of Robotics Do you agree with Isaac Asimov’s ideas Discuss with your partner whether you can add more about it.
Homework
1. Look up the new words and expressions of the reading in the dictionary.
2. Preview the reading:
SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED(共53张PPT)
Unit 2 Reading
SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED
Read the explanation and speak out the word
it explains.
to wish that you had something that another person has
a long flat narrow surface or table in a shop, bank, restaurant, etc. at which people are served
affair
n. 事物；事情；暧昧关系
counter
n. 柜台；计数器
cuisine
n. 烹饪 (风味)；菜肴
a situation or subject that is being dealt with or considered; a matter
a style of cooking
envy
vt. 忌妒；羡慕
alarm
vt. 使警觉；惊动
n. 警报；惊恐
a warning of danger, typically a loud noise or flashing light
alarmed
adj. 担心的；害怕的
worried or frightened by something
haircut
n. 发型；理发
the style in which someone's hair is cut, or an occasion of cutting or styling the hair
bonus
n. 额外津贴；奖金；红利
an extra amount of money that is given to you as a present or reward as well as the money you were expecting
overweight
adj. 超重的；体重超常的
fat; heavier than is allowed
favor
n. 喜爱；恩惠
vt.喜爱；偏袒
a kind action that you do for someone;
when you favour someone by giving them an advantage, such as money or a good job
a person who works in an office, dealing with records or performing general office duties
sympathy
n. 同情(心)
(an expression of) understanding and care for someone else's suffering
elegant
adj. 优雅的；讲究的
graceful and attractive in appearance or behaviour
clerk
n. 售货员; 职员; 旅馆接待员
accompany
vt. 陪伴；伴奏
to go with someone or to be provided or exist at the same time as something;
to sing or play an instrument with another musician or singer
declare
vt. 宣布；声明；宣称
to announce something clearly, firmly, publicly or officially
awful
adj. 极坏的；可怕的
extremely bad or unpleasant
vt. 细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；
扫描
to look at something carefully, with the eyes or with a machine, in order to get information;
to use a machine to put a picture of a document into a computer, or to take a picture of the inside of something
scan
absurd
adj. 荒谬的；可笑的
stupid or unreasonable; silly in a humorous way
test out
ring up
turn around
leave…alone
转向；回转
考验
不管；别惹；
让……一个人待着
给……打电话
Match
The reading passage is a retelling of an
Isaac Asimov’s science fiction called
Satisfaction Guaranteed. This story, about a
human-like robot, illustrates(阐明) Asimov’s
first law for robots:
A robot must not injure human beings or allow
them to be injured. In this case the injury is
not a physical one but a psychological one. In
following this law, the robot, which is very
human-like, causes the main character, Claire,
to have some very confusing feelings.
Background information
Science fiction is often based on scientific principles and technology.
Science fiction may make predictions about life in the future.
Characteristics of science fiction
Skimming
to get
general ideas
The text mainly tells us _____.
A. why Claire fell in love with a human being
B. why a robot fell in love with a human
being
C. a story about a household robot being tested out in a family
D. that a robot can save a human being from danger
Skimming
Reading Comprehension I
1. How many characters are mentioned
2. Who are they
3. What is the relation between them
Skimming
Reading Comprehension II
Larry Belmont - employed in a company
that makes robots
Claire - Larry’s wife, a housewife
Tony - the robot to be
tested out by Claire in their family
Gladys Claffern - the most powerful
women around, a woman that
Claire envies
Characters in the story:
Careful reading
to solve
difficult points
1. test out 考验
Scientists test out theories by experiment.
科学家靠实验检验理论。
test vt.测验；检验；试验；检查
The teacher tested the children on
their homework.
老师就孩子们的家庭作业进行检查。
2. alarm n.
(1) a warning of danger 警报
a fire alarm
I raised the alarm as soon as I saw what
was happening.
(2) fear caused by the expectation of
danger 恐慌
I hope you won’t take alarm at the news.
alarm v.
(1) giving a warning 警告
The notice board alarms people not to
swim in the river.
(2) feel feared or cause anxiety 恐慌
The news that H5N1 has spread alarmed
the nation.
alarmed adj. 惊恐的, 忧虑的
alarming adj. 惊人的, 吓人的
The news is really alarming.
3. accompany v.
(1) to go/stay with
I’d like you to accompany me to the
supermarket.
What accompanies him is always a dog.
(2) to exist at the same time
和……一起发生
Lightning usually accompanies thunder.
4. declare vt.
(1) 宣布；宣告；声明+(that) to make
known formally or officially
The new Congress declared a state of
war with Germany.
新的国会向德国宣战了。
(2) 宣称；断言+(that)
The accused man declared himself
innocent.
被告声称他是无罪的。
I declared at the meeting that I did not
support him.
我在会上声明我不支持他。
(3) 申报 (纳税品等)
I have nothing to declare.
我没什么要申报的。
I would like to declare my love for you.
announce 宣布 to tell a lot of people
If I have a birthday party, I want to announce it to my friends.
declare 宣告, 宣布
a way of expressing oneself
辨析: declare与announce
5. leave/let … alone/be
不管/不打扰/不理会
I’ve told you to leave my things alone.
Please don't leave me alone in the dark
room.
Let me be, I want a rest.
leave + 宾语 + 补足语
使……处于……状态
Leave the door open.
1. As she turned around, there stood
Gladys Claffern.
当她转过身时，看到格拉迪斯 克拉芬站
在那儿。
①句中as意为“当……时”，为从属连词，
引导时间状语从句。通常强调“ 同一时间”
或“ 一先一后”，如：
As I was going out, it began to rain.
②主句“there stood Gladys Claffern”是由
副词there引导的倒装句。
课文难句精析
【拓展】
①as有时还有“随着……”的意思，如：
As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom.
②由副词there和here引导的倒装句通常不用于人称代词，即不说“Here comes he!”
而须说“Here he comes!” 但在对比情况下，人称代词则与连系动词be构成倒装句，如：
There was he, on the playground, while I had to study.
2. The guests would be arriving soon and Claire told Tony to go into another room.
客人很快就要来了，克莱尔叫托尼去另一个间房。
句中用到过去将来进行时，由“would +
be + 动词的现在分词”构成，表示在过去看来将来某一时间正在发生的动作。它常和表示过去将来的时间状语连用，但上下文清楚时，时间状语可省略。和将来进行时一样，它也常表计划中的事，不表意愿或打算。它还有一个特点，即常用在宾语从句 (尤其是间接引语)中。
例如：
a. Mr. Smith never realized that some day
he would be living in China.
b. Mary told us that Jack would be coming
next Saturday.
【拓展】
过去将来进行时有时也可用于其他从句
中，如：I would pay the rest as I would be leaving Beijing. (用在状语从句中) 。
也可用在独立句中。
如：The car started. Ellen Green would be driving off to the college.
Scanning
to get
detail information
Claire’s feelings towards Tony changed as the story developed. Fill in the occasions when
Claire had these
feelings.
scanning
Reading Comprehension III
dislike him
Before he arrived
Occasion
Claire
When he arrived
was alarmed
When he offered to
help her dress
felt embarrassed
When he offered to
help her improve her
house and herself
admired him
The Change of Claire’s Feelings to Tony
called him a dear
Occasion
Claire
felt his warmth
When she fell off a
ladder and was caught
by Tony
When he helped her
with the salesman
The Change of Claire’s Feelings to Tony
Occasion
Claire
She remembered Tony
was just a machine
When she heard Gladys
whispering to another
woman that she had never
seen anyone so handsome
as Tony
cried all night
felt being envied
The Change of Claire’s Feelings to Tony
→ sad to remember
he was just a machine
Review Claire’s emotional development.
At first refused to have Tony at her house
→accept him
→ trust him
→ proud of him
→ love him
Larry was going to be away from
home so he hired a robot to accompany his wife.
2. Claire didn’t like the idea at the beginning, but she agreed to it at last.
3. Tony could understand Claire when she said she was not clever.
4. When Tony offered to help dressing, Claire was pleased to accept it.
True or False
scanning
Reading Comprehension IV
5. It was Claire that first decided to invite
Gladys and her friends to her house.
6. Claire’s guests were filled with
admiration when they saw her house
was completely changed.
7. The company was satisfied with Tony’s
report because he had successfully
made a woman fall in love with him.
1. Why did Tony open the curtains
2. What did Tony do to prevent Claire
from being harmed
3. Why did Tony have to be rebuilt
4. How would you feel if you had a robot
like Tony in your house
5. Claire spent three weeks with Tony in
her house. What sentences in the story
show that she kept forgetting and then
remembering that he was a machine
scanning
Read the story again and answer the following questions in groups.
scanning
Reading Comprehension V
1. Why did Tony open the curtains
2. What did Tony do to prevent Claire from being harmed
He wanted Claire’s guests to see him and Claire together so that she would be envied by the women guests.
Tony prevented Claire from being
harming by making her feel good about herself. He helped her make her and her home elegant so that she
would not feel like a failure.
3. Why did Tony have to be rebuilt
4. How would you feel if you had a robot like Tony in your house
Tony had to be rebuilt because the company felt that they could not have women falling in love with a robot.
open
5. Claire spent three weeks with Tony in her house. What sentences in the story show that she kept forgetting and then remembering that he was a machine
How absurd, she thought. He was just a
machine. He held her firmly in his
arms and she felt the warmth of his body.
She screamed, pushed him away and ran
to her room for the rest of the day.
Then she remembered - Tony was just a
machine. She shouted “Leave me alone”
and ran to her house.
In groups, list Tony’s characteristics
that were similar to and those that were different from those of a human being.
Characteristics Similar Different
Physical
Mental
scanning
Reading Comprehension V
Charac-teristics Similar Different
Physical
Looks like a
human being. Body and skin soft and warm. Hair and fingernail realistic. Voice
like a human’s.
Facial expressions
never change.
Quicker reactions (She fell off a ladder and even
though Tony was
in the next room,
he managed to catch her in time.)
Charac-teristics Similar Different
Mental
Able to make suggestions and predictions. Able to make a plan and follow it through.
Has good communication skill.
Behaviour not appropriate
(Tony brought her
breakfast and then
asked her whether
she needed help
dressing.)
If you were a robot engineer,
what kind of robot would you
like to create Why
Discussion
Post-reading
Do you think that robots can take the place of humans in the future
2. What will the robots be like in 2500
3. What kind of robot do you think is
the most helpful to us in our daily lives
Quiz
I. Complete the following sentences with
proper words.
1. The man’s parents _________ (声称) that
they didn’t want to see him again.
2. The government is a_________ by the
dramatic increase in violent crime.
3. The witness officially s_______ that he
had not seen the woman before.
4. Tom began to sweep the pieces of glass
up into a _______ (堆).
5. She s_________ his face, looking for
signs of what he was thinking.
declared
larmed
tated
pile
canned
6. I really ______ (羡慕) you and your wife
— you seem so happy together.
7. — Our vacation was totally ruined.
— Yes, definitely! Not only was the food
terrible, but also the weather was
_________ (糟透的).
8. In my opinion, your idea is so _________
(荒谬的) that I can’t help laughing.
9. The woman has an e________ manner,
but she is extremely difficult to work with.
10. Some ladies think they are o_________,
so they try every means to lose weight.
verweight
envy
awful
absurd
legant
plete the following sentences
without changing their meanings.
1. Personally speaking, I’m for the proposal.
Personally speaking, I’m _____________
the proposal.
2. Would you like me to go to the People’s
Park with you this weekend
Would you like me _________________
to the People’s Park this weekend
3. Your father is busy at his desk, so you’d
better not bother him.
Your father is busy at his desk, so you’d
better ________________.
leave him alone
in favour of
to accompany you
III. Translation
It was going _______________ (由……来测试) by Larry’s wife, Claire.
2. Claire thought it was ridiculous
____________________ (表示同情) by a robot.
3. How awful _______________ (被发现) by her, Claire thought.
4. But even though Tony had been so clever, he would_________________ (作一番改建).
to be tested out
to be offered sympathy
to be discovered
have to be rebuilt
5. She weakened ___________________
______ (随着病情的加重). (as)
6. She said _________________________
(她将早点出发) in order to avoid the
heavy traffic.
7. Last evening _______________________
________ (一位老朋友打电话给我) whom
I had not heard of for years.
8. _______________ (我一转身) and saw
Jane was sitting directly behind me.
as the illness grew
worse
she would be setting off early
I was rung up by an old
friend
I turned around
1. Surf the Internet to learn more
about Isaac Asimov and robots.
2. 发挥想象，连词成文(50-100字).
Homework
test out, alarm, leave … alone
accompany, ring up, declare, turn around.(共44张PPT)
Revision of
Passive Voice
Unit 2 Grammar
My mother felt alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple.
My mother was alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple.
Look at the sentences.
Is this a passive sentence
Though the structure seems like a passive sentence, it is not. A passive sentence indicates a passive action while this sentence describes a situation when someone has the feeling of alarm. “alarmed” is an adjective formed by v+ed.
Key!
Discovering useful structures
Go over the passive voice
be+ V+-ed/-en/-t
My hamburger was eaten by the
dog.
The toy is made by hand.
使用被动语态的情况
1. 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执
行者是谁的时候(这时不带by引起的短语)。
Printing was introduced to Europe from
China. (省略了by短语。)
Look! There is nothing here. Everything
has been taken away. (省略了by短语。)
2. 当我们出于礼貌、措辞委婉等方面的
考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时。
You are requested to give a performance.
You are cordially (诚挚地) invited to a
party to be given at the Teachers' Club
at 3 p.m. Nov. 23.
3. 当我们强调或兴趣在动作的承受者
时(这时可带by引起的短语)。
The song was composed（组成; 写作）
by a student.
A good time was had by all.
被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时
态的变化而变化。以give为例，各种时
态的被动语态形式为：
一般现在时：am/is/are＋given
【例句】
The first section of New College
English is designed for speaking practice
and is based on pictures and topics.
被动语态的构成
一般过去时：was/were＋given
【例句】
These computers were made in our own country.
一般将来时：will/shall be＋given
【例句】
Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony
Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it
known that much of his collection ____to
the nation. (CET-4 1996)
A. has left B. is to leave
C. leaves D. is to be left
本句意思为：78岁的Denis先生声明他将
把他的大多数收藏品留给国家。所以
leave应用一般将来时的被动形式。一般
将来时可以用来be to do sth来表达，因此答案为D。
过去将来时：would be＋given
【例句】
The news would be sent to the
soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
现在进行时：am/is/are being＋given
【例句】The machine is being repaired
in the workshop. The fifth generation
computers, with artificial intelligence,
are ____and perfected now.
A. developed
B. have developed
C. are being developed
D. will have been developed
本句测试点是动词的时态和语态
develop和perfect是两个并列的谓语动词，
perfect 用的是被动形式，develop也应该
用被动形式，而且句子的时间状语为now，
故develop应用现在进行时的被动语态，
答案为C。
过去进行时：was/were being＋given
【例句】
The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky
现在完成时：have/has been＋given
【例句】
Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.
过去完成时：had been＋given
【例句】
The huge bridge had been damaged
before the World WarⅡ.
将来完成时：will/shall have been＋given
【例句】
The book will have been published by the end of next month.
含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：情态动词+be +过去分词
This problem can be solved.
这问题可解决。
What’s done cannot be undone.
覆水难收。
George might be sent to America by his
company in August.
公司可能八月份派乔治去美国。
或类似结构（be going to, have to 等）
变成被动语态：
This room is going to be painted next week.
这个房间下周粉刷。
Go away! I want to be left alone.
走开！我想独自待一会儿。
1. 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语(指人的宾语）。
一些特殊的被动语态
They didn’t offer Ann the job.
Ann wasn’t offered the job.
安未得到这份工作。
2. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。
They make her clean the floor.
She is made to clean the floor by them.
3. It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 (=主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth)
表示：据说/据报道/据悉/据信等……。 例：
据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试。
It is said that the boy has passed the
national exam.
The boy is said to have passed the
national exam.
但：It ______that there was a car
over there.
A. so happened
B. so happens
C. is so happened
D. was so happened
答案： A. happen 是不及物动词，无被动语态。
4. be supposed to
suppose vt. 推想; 假设; 猜想
supposed adj. 假定的; 推测的; 意图的
(1) 据说（=be said to) 如：
Let’s go and see that film. It’s supposed
to be very good.
我们一起去看那电影好吗 人们都说它
不错。
(2) 计划、安排 如：
I’d better hurry. It’s nearly 8 o’clock. I’m supposed to be meeting Tom at 8:15.
我要快些了。现在差不多8点钟了。
我8点一刻去接汤姆。
(3) be not supposed to 不允许
如: You are not supposed to park here.
这儿不允许停车。
动词get代替be. （ get往往用在口语
中。）
酒馆里发生了打斗，幸好无人受伤。
There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was)hurt.
get + done 同 be+done 的区别：
get done 往往表示行为不是计划之中，而是意外发生的。如：
The dog got run over by a car.
狗被汽车辗死了。
1. 某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动
词可以表示被动意义。
cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut,
prove, sell, read, write
1. The dish tastes delicious.
2. The theory proved right at last.
3. The book is so interesting that it
sells well.
不可以变成被动语态
The book is so interesting that it sells well.
“sells”此处为不及物动词“销售起来; 有销
路”的意思；作及物动词为“卖; 出售”）
This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗)
Need +V- ing 表示“主语承受动词
发出的动作”，表示被动意义。
我的车需要修理。
My car needs repairing
(= to be repaired).
beg, equal, fail, hold, possess, fit，
become, contain, cost, fit, have，
lack, resemble(相似), suit等。
This new English-Chinese dictionary
cost me ten dollars.
3. 某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词
没有被动语态形式。这类动词常见的有：
如：战争爆发了。
可以说： The war broke out .
但不能说：The war was broke out.
4. 通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。
“be＋过去分词”这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表示一个动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，试比较下面的句子：
被动结构与系表结构的区别
被动结构
The enemy was soon surrounded by us.
系表结构
The house is surrounded by trees.
被动结构
She was bitten by the dog in the darkness.
系表结构
I was excited by the news that my husband
got promoted.
1. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a
while, but soon _____ to his old ways.
A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned
In some parts of the world, tea _____
with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
课堂练兵
3. The new dictionaries are very useful.
They ____ well and ______ already.
A. sell, have been sold out B. sold, had sold out C. sell, sell out
D. are sold, have been sold out
4. The train ____ arrive at 11:30, but it
was an hour late.
A. was about to B. was likely to C. was supposed to D. was certain to
5. This dictionary mustn’t ____ from the
library.
A. take away B. taken away
C. are taken away D. be taken away
6. My shoes _____. I went out for a new
pair.
A. is worn out B. wore out
C. were worn off D. were worn out
7. That kind of shirts _______ cotton. A. is made from
B. are made from
C. is made of
D. are made of
8. Rice ______ in South China.
A. growing B. is grown
C. are grown D. is grow
9. All the preparations for the task ______, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed
B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed
10. The teacher told his students that they
____ to be useful men to the country.
A. were all expected B. were all expecting C. all were expected D. all expected
11. Some of the hotels in my hometown
_______.
A. have now been rebuilding
B. are now rebuilding
C. are now being rebuilt
D. are rebuilt now
用被动语态改换下列各句：
1. My father will repair my bike for me.
My bike will be repaired by my father for me.
2. I have found my wallet.
My wallet has been found.
3. She told me to wait here for her.
I was told to wait here for her.
4. The police will surely arrest the
murderer.
The murderer will surely be arrested
by the police.
5. They invited Mr. Green to make a speech.
Mr. Green was invited to make a speech.
6. The students clean their classroom every
day.
Their classroom is cleaned by the
students every day.
7. You mustn’t take those books out of
the reading-room.
Those books mustn’t be taken out of the reading-room.
8. I din’t tell you the girl could do the job.
You weren’t told by me that the girl could do the job.
9. Do people speak English in your country
Is English spoken in your country
10. He gave me a present.
I was given a present.
A present was given to me.
11. Mother often tells her children a story
at bed time.
Children are often told a story at bed time by mother.
A story is often told by mother to children at bed time.
Go over the grammar.
Finish the exercises on P.P. 13-14.
Homework
