高考英语阅读理解之应用文解题技巧学案

高考阅读理解之应用文解题技巧
如今好多高三学生在词汇、语法与解题技巧中来回纠结，做一个阅读理解题，读不懂（究其原因是单词不认识，语法不会）；做一个完形填空，乱猜（因为单词不认识、语法不会、固定搭配不明白）。但是他们仍然不停在刷题，看似很努力，但都是白费。
鉴于这种情况，做什么习题才能跳出题海，有效快速提升英语成绩？
我认为只做高考真题，特别是最近五年所有省份的真题（做3遍），量不够的话，再做2遍10年所有省份的高考真题。专项刷题时，要做每套题的同一套题，如阅读理解中的应用题。具体做到以下几点：
高频单词（800个）+方法；
专项特训、高效迅速提升；
专项词汇专项背；
专项语法专项学
下面重点介绍应用文解题技巧（掌握了这个技巧，就会达到这个目标：1分钟一道题且100%正确）
什么是高考英语应用文？（有下列之一者就是）
文中有黑体字－小标题；
文中有表格；
文中有项目符号
高考应用题的特点：
答案均匀分布（每个小标题下出一题，不可能一个小标题下出来2道题，比方说有三个小标题，就出3道题，若四道题，最后一题是主旨题）；
题文不一定同序（也就是说第一题不一定就在第二题的前面，但是非应用题就是题文同序－题目出现的顺序和文中的答案的顺序是一样的）；
一模一样（选项和文中句子）可以选；但非应用文，一模一样绝对错，当然除了单词释义、指代、观点态度外。
主旨题的解法（找各个小标题的主旨，这个时候要翻译各个小标题以总结各个小标题而得出结论。）
高考应用文的解题方法
读应用文标题、小标题，不翻译，提炼大写字母；
读题干，尽量翻译以便看出来a.
归类小标题，看题干属于哪个小标题；b.看题干问什么；
c.扫描选项（大写字母、数字不需翻译）；
去短文中相应小标题下寻找答案。
下面我们以2019年全国高考英语二卷的第一篇阅读题为例，讲解如何做题：
第二部分
阅读理解（共两节）第一节
（满分
30
分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A、B、
C
和
D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项．
My
Favourite
Books
Jo
Usmar
is
a
writer
for
Cosmopolitan
and
co﹣author
of
the
This
Book
Will
series（系
列）
of
lifestyle
books．
Here
she
picks
her
top
reads．
Matilda
Roald
Dahl
I
once
wrote
a
paper
on
the
influence
of
fairy
tales
on
Roald
Dahl's
writing
and
it
gave
me
a
new
appreciation
for
his
strange
and
delightful
worlds．
Matilda's
battles
with
her
cruel
parents
and
the
bossy
headmistress，Miss
Trunchbull，are
equally
funny
and
frightening，but
they're
also
aspirational．
After
Dark
Haruki
Murakami
It's
about
two
sisters
﹣Eri，
a
model
who
either
won't
or
can′t
stop
sleeping，
and
Mari，
a
young
student．
In
trying
to
connect
to
her
sister，
Mari
starts
changing
her
life
and
discovers
a
world
of
diverse
"night
people"
who
are
hiding
secrets．
Gone
Girl
Gillian
Flynn
There
was
a
bit
of
me
that
didn′t
want
to
love
this
when
everyone
else
on
the
planet
did，
but
the
horror
story
is
brilliant．
There's
tension
and
anxiety
from
the
beginning
as
Nick
and
Amy
battle
for
your
trust．
It's
a
real
whodunit
and
the
frustration
when
you
realise
what's
going
on
is
horribly
enjoyable．
The
Stand
Stephen
King
This
is
an
excellent
fantasy
novel
from
one
of
the
best
storytellers
around．
After
a
serious
flu
outbreak
wipes
out
99.4%
of
the
world′s
population，
a
battle
unfolds
between
good
and
evil
among
those
left．
Randall
Flagg
is
one
of
the
scariest
characters
ever．
21.Who
does
"I"
refer
to
in
the
text？
A．Stephen
King．
B．Gillian
Flynn．
C．Jo
Usmar．
D．Roald
Dahl．
22.Which
of
the
following
tells
about
Mari
and
Eri？
A．Cosmopolitan．
B．Matilda．
C．After
Dark．
D．The
Stand．
23.What
kind
of
book
is
Gone
Girl？
A．A
folk
tale．
B．A
biography．
C．A
love
story．
D．A
horror
story
Step
1读标题、小标题，不翻译，提炼大写字母；M
F
B
(My
Favourite
Books
)、M
R
D、
A
D
H
L、G
G
G
F、S
S
K
Step
2
读题干，尽量翻译以便看出来a.
看题干属于哪个小标题；b.看题干问什么；
c.扫描选项（大写字母、数字不需翻译）；
Step
3
去短文中相应小标题下寻找答案。
文中的“我”指的是谁？这个题干属于第一个小标题，且与第一段有关，乍眼望去，不能马上得到答案，我们暂时把它落在这里，别犹豫，赶紧看下一题，因为我们要保证1分钟一道题且100%正确）；
下列哪一个谈到了Mari
and
Eri？这道题简单，用眼一浏览，就知道属于第二个小标题，
A
D
H
L、所以马上得出答案是C；
Gone
Girl是哪种书？第一个小标题和第二个小标题我们都不要浏览了，因为根据高考应用题的特点：答案均匀分布（每个小标题下出一题，不可能一个小标题下出来2道题）。这题属于第三个小标题（G
G
G
F），而且
Gone
Girl在文中相当明显，那我们就浏览标题下的这一段，特别注意题干问的是哪一种书？扫描选项：A.民间故事;
B.传记；
C.
爱情故事；
D.恐怖故事（如果认不得选项单词，也没有关系，用四个选项去跟那一段对照，相似度最高的那一项就是最佳选项）根据那一段中but
the
horror
story
is
brilliant．得知答案是D。
现在回过头来看21题，这是一道推理判断题，根据文章第一段Jo
Usmar
is
a
writer
for
Cosmopolitan
and
co﹣author
of
the
This
Book
Will
series（系列）
of
lifestyle
books．Here
she
picks
her
top
reads．可知下文介绍作家Jo
Usmar
选出的最好的读物，所以下文中的“I”指的是Jo
Usmar，故C选项正确。
下面我们以2018年全国高考英语一卷的第一篇阅读题为例，再使用这方法做题：
第二部分
阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
A
Washington,
D.C.
Bicycle
Tours
Cherry
Blossom
Bike
Tour
in
Washington,
D.C.
Duration
Tour
This
small
group
bike
tour
is
a
fantastic
way
to
see
a
world-famous
cherry
trees
with
beautiful
flowers
of
Washington,
D.C.
Your
guide
will
provide
a
history
lesson
about
the
trees
and
the
famous
monuments
where
they
blossom.
Reserve
your
spot
before
availability
—
the
cherry
blossoms—disappear!
Washington
Capital
Monuments
Bicycle
Tour
Duration:3
hours
(4
miles)
Join
a
guided
bike
tour
and
view
some
of
the
most
popular
monuments
in
Washington,
D.C.
Explore
the
monuments
and
memorials
on
the
National
Mall
as
your
guide
shares
unique
facts
and
history
at
each
stop.
Guided
tour
includes
bike,
helmet,
cookies
and
bottled
water.
Capital
City
Bike
Tour
In
Washington,
D.C.
Duration:3
hours
Morning
or
Afternoon,
this
bike
tour
is
the
perfect
tour
for
D.
C.
newcomers
and
locals
looking
to
experience
Washington,
D.C.
in
a
healthy
way
with
minimum
effort.
Knowledgeable
guides
will
entertain
you
with
the
most
,interesting
stories
about
Presidents,
Congress,
memorials,
and
parks.
Comfortable
bikes
and
a
smooth
tour
route(路线）make
cycling
between
the
sites
fun
and
relaxing.
Washington
Capital
Sites
at
Night
Bicycle
Tour
Duration:3
hours(7miles)
Join
a
small
group
bike
tour
for
an
evening
of
exploration
in
the
heart
of
Washington,
D.C.
Get
up
close
to
the
monuments
and
memorials
as
your
bike
the
sites
of
Capitol
Hill
and
the
National
Mall.
Frequent
stops
are
made
for
photo
taking
as
your
guide
offers
unique
facts
and
history.
Tour
includes
bike,
helmet,
and
bottled
water.
All
riders
are
equipped
with
reflective
vests
and
safety
lights.
21.Which
tour
do
you
need
to
book
in
advance?
A.
Cherry
Blossom
like
Tour
in
Washington,
D.C.
B.
Washington
capital
Monuments
Bicycle
Tour.
C.
Capital
City
Bike
Tour
in
Washington,
D.C.
D.
Washington
Capital
Sites
at
Night
Bicycle
Tour.
22.What
will
you
do
on
the
Capital
City
Bike
Tour?
A.
Meet
famous
people.
B.
Go
to
a
national
park.
C.
Visit
well-known
museums.
D.
Enjoy
interesting
stories.
23.Which
of
the
following
does
the
bicycle
tour
at
night
provide?
A.
City
maps.
B.
Cameras.
C.
Meals
D.
Safety
lights
Step
1读标题、小标题，不翻译，提炼大写字母；W
B
T、C
B
B
T
W、W
C
M
B
T、C
C
B
T
W、W
C
S
N
B
T
Step
2
读题干，尽量翻译以便看出来a.
看题干属于哪个小标题；b.看题干问什么；
c.扫描选项（大写字母、数字不需翻译）；
Step
3
去短文中相应小标题下寻找答案。
哪一种旅行你需要提前预订？这个题干属于哪个小标题，乍眼望去，不能马上得到答案，我们暂时把它落在这里，别犹豫，赶紧看下一题，因为我们要保证1分钟一道题且100%正确）；
你在首都城市单车旅行中可以做什么？这道题简单，用眼一浏览，就知道属于第三个小标题，
CCBTW、那我们就浏览标题下的这一段，扫描选项：A.见名人;
B.去国家公园；
C.
参观著名的博物馆；
D.欣赏有趣的故事（如果认不得选项单词，也没有关系，用四个选项去跟那一段对照，相似度最高的那一项就是最佳选项）根据那一段中Knowledgeable
guides
will
entertain
you
with
the
most
,interesting
stories
about
Presidents,
Congress,
memorials,
and
parks.得知答案是D。
看题干就知道它属于第四个小标题，扫描选项后，我们去第四个小标题下的那段去搜寻答案，根据那一段最后一句All
riders
are
equipped
with
reflective
vests
and
safety
lights.得知答案是D。
　　现在回过头来看21题，第三个小标题和第四个小标题我们都不要浏览了，因为根据高考应用题的特点：答案均匀分布（每个小标题下出一题，不可能一个小标题下出来2道题）。那我们赶紧从第一个小标题里去搜索，看里面有没有book
in
advance或其近义词，根据文中这一句
Reserve
your
spot
before
availability
—
the
cherry
blossoms—disappear!，因为“reserve
”means
“book”，“
before
availability”
means
“in
advance”,
所以答案应该是A。
其他年份的高考真题也可以用这个方法做题。
EXx.2017年全国高考英语二卷的第一篇阅读题
In
the
coming
months,
we
are
bringing
together
artists
from
all
over
the
globe,
to
enjoy
speaking
Shakespeare’s
plays
in
their
own
language,
in
our
globe,
within
the
architecture
Shakespeare
wrote
for.
please
come
and
join
us.
National
Theatre
Of
China
Beijing|Chinese
This
great
occasion(盛会)
will
be
the
national
Theatre
of
China’s
first
visit
to
the
UK.
The
company’s
productions
show
the
new
face
of
21st
century
Chinese
theatre.
This
production
of
Shakespeare’s
Richard
III
will
be
directed
by
the
National’s
Associate
Director,
Wang
Xiaoying.
Date
&Time:
Saturday
28
April,2.30pm&Sunday
29
April,1.30pm&6.30pm
Marjanishvili
Theatre
Tbilisi
|Georgian
One
of
the
most
famous
theatres
in
Georgia,
the
Marjanishvili,
founded
in
1928,appears
regularly
at
theatre
festivals
all
over
the
world.
This
new
production
of
As
You
Like
It
is
helmed（指导）by
the
company’s
Artistic
Director
Levan
Tsuladze.
Date
&
Time
:
Friday
18May,2.30pm&Saturday
19May,7.30pm
Deafinitely
Theatre
London
|
British
Sign
Language
（BSL）
By
translating
the
rich
and
humourous
text
of
Love’s
Labour’s
Lost
into
the
physical
language
of
BSL,
Deafinitely
Theatre
creates
a
new
interpretation
of
Shakespeare’s
comedy
and
aims
to
build
a
bridge
between
deaf
and
hearing
worlds
by
performing
to
both
groups
as
one
audience.
Date&Time:
Tueaday
22
May,2.30pm&Wednesday
23
May,7.30pm
Habima
National
Theatre
Tel
Aviv|
Hebrew
The
Habima
is
the
centre
of
Hebrew-language
theatre
worldwide,
Founded
in
Moscow
after
the
1905
revolution,
the
company
eventually
settled
in
Tel
Aviv
in
the
late
1920s,Since
1958,they
have
been
recognized
as
the
national
theatre
of
Israel.
This
production
of
Shakespeare’s
The
Merchant
of
Venice
marks
their
first
visit
to
the
UK.
Date
&Time:
Monday
28May,7.30&Tuesday
29
May,7.30pm
21.which
play
will
be
performed
by
the
National
Theatre
of
China?
A.
Richard
Ⅲ.
B.
Lover’s
Labour’s
Lost.
C.As
You
Like
It.
D.
The
merchant
of
Venice.
22.What
is
special
about
Deafinnitely
Theatre?
A.
It
has
two
groups
of
actors.
B.
It
is
the
leading
theatre
in
London.
C.
It
performs
plays
in
BSL.
D.
It
is
good
at
producing
comedies.
23.When
can
you
see
a
play
in
Hebrew?
A.
On
Saturday
28Apil.
B.
On
Sunday
29
April.
C.
On
Tuesday
22
May.
D.
On
Tuesday
29
May.
Exx
2016年全国高考英语二卷的第一篇阅读题
What’s
On
?
Electric
Underground
7.30pm-1.00
am
Free
at
the
Cyclops
Theatre
DO
you
know
who’s
playing
in
your
area?
We’re
bringing
you
an
exciting
evening
of
live
rock
and
pop
music
from
the
best
local
bands.
Are
you
interested
in
becoming
a
musician
and
getting
a
recording
contract(合同)?
If
so,
come
early
to
the
talk
at
7.30pm
by
Jules
Skye,
a
successful
record
producer.
He's
going
to
talk
about
how
you
can
find
the
right
person
to
produce
your
music.
Gee
Whizz
8.30pm-10.30
pm
Comedy
at
Kaleidoscope
Come
and
see
Gee
Whizz
perform.
He's
the
funniest
stand-up
comedian
on
the
comedy
scene.
his
joyful
show
will
please
everyone,
from
the
youngest
to
the
oldest.
Gee
Whizz
really
knows
how
to
make
you
laugh!
Our
bar
is
open
from
7.00pm
for
drinks
and
snacks(快餐).
Simon’s
Workshop
5.00pm-7.30
pm
Wednesdays
at
Victoria
Stage
This
is
a
good
chance
for
anyone
who
wants
to
learn
how
to
do
comedy.
The
workshop
looks
at
every
kind
of
comedy,
and
practices
many
different
ways
of
making
people
laugh.
Simon
is
a
comedian
and
actor
who
has
10
years’
experience
of
reaching
comedy.
His
workshops
are
exciting
and
fun.
An
evening
with
Simon
will
give
you
the
confdence
to
be
funny.
Charlotte
Stone
5.00pm-7.30pm
Pizza
World
Fine
food
with
beautiful
jazz
music;
this
is
a
great
evening
out.
Charlotte
Stone
will
perform
songs
from
her
new
best-selling
CD,
with
James
Pickering
on
the
piano.
The
menu
is
Italian,
with
excellent
meat
and
fresh
fish,
pizzas
and
pasta(面食).Book
early
to
get
a
table.
Our
bar
is
open
all
day,
and
serves
cocktails,
coffee,
beer,
and
white
wine.
21.
Who
can
help
you
if
you
want
to
your
music
produced?
A.
Jules
Skye.
B.
Gee
Whizz
C.
Charlotte
Stone.
D.
James
Pickering.
22.
At
which
place
can
people
of
different
ages
enjoy
a
good
laugh?
A.
The
Cyclops
Theatre.
B.
Kaleidoscope.
C.
Victoria
Stage.
D.
Pizza
World.
23.
What
do
we
know
about
Simon's
Workshop?
A.
It
requires
membership.
B.
It
lasts
three
hours
each
time.
C.
It
is
run
by
a
comedy
club.
D.
It
is
held
every
Wednesday.
24.When
will
Charlotte
Stone
perform
her
songs?
A.5.00pm-7.30pm
B.7.30pm-1.00am
C.8.00pm-11.00pm
D.8.30pm-10.30pm