新课标人教版必修1 Unit 4 Earthquake Grammar定语从句课件

(共47张PPT)
The Attributive Clause
谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。
结局好, 一切都好。
真正的友谊犹如健康的身体, 失去时
方知其可贵。
Proverbs
Friendship is like health, the value of
which is seldom know until it is lost.
All is well that end well.
He who laughs last laughs best.
a beautiful flower
a tall boy
beautiful
tall
This is the best film that I have seen.
the best film
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：
My sister, who is twenty, works in
a bank.
The man who came here yesterday has
come again.
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，
如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从
句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先
行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。
这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。
My wife who is in Shanghai will come back next week.
My wife, who is in Shanghai, will come back next week.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式上：
有逗号分开
意思上：
去掉后无影响
限制性定语从句
形式上：
无逗号
意思上：
不能省
This is the best film that I have seen.
the best film
先行词
This is the best film that I have seen.
that
关系词
啥时用关系代词啥时用关系副词呀！！！
选用关系词，需要看两点：
1.看先行词
2. 看关系词在从句中充当的成分。
做主语，宾语，定语，表语
做状语用
关系代词
关系副词
引导定语从句的关系代词
that which who whom whose
that即指人又指物, 作主语或宾语。
which指物, 作主语或宾语。
who, whom指人, who作主语,
whom作宾语。
that, which, whom在定语从句中
作宾语时, 可省去。
The man will succeed.
He has a positive attitude.
The man will succeed.
who has a positive attitude
who 代替人
在定语从句中作主语或宾语
练习：用定语从句连成一个句子
The girl is a singer.
(定)The girl is sitting in the corner.
The girl
is a singer.
who is sitting in the corner
who
练习：用定语从句连成一个句子
He is the man.
(定)The man wants to speak to you.
He is the man who wants to speak to you.
who
whom代替人在定语从句中作宾语
作宾语时whom可以省略
This is the person.
(定)I talked to the person just now.
This is the person
whom I talked to just now.
This is the person
to whom I talked just now.
whom
I have many friends.
(定)I send postcards to my friends before
their birthday.
I have many friends whom I send
postcards to before their birthday.
I have many friends to whom I send
postcards before their birthday.
练习：用定语从句连成一个句子
whom
who
which指代物,在定语从句中既可作主语也可作宾语
作宾语时which可省略
Thinking is the key.
The key opens the doors of the world.
Thinking is the key
which opens the
doors of the world.
Don’t expect people to do things.
(定)You wouldn’t do the things yourself.
Don’t expect people to do things
you wouldn’t do yourself.
which
which
关系副词when, where, why
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的成分
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
when
when可用in/on/at/during + which
代替
I still remember the day.
(定)I first met him on the day.
I still remember the day on which
I first met him.
when
which
where
where可用in/on/at/to + which代替
The dictionary is the only place.
(定)Success comes before work
in the dictionary.
The dictionary is the only place in which
success comes before work.
where
which
ABC
America is the country.
I was born in the country.
America is the country in which I was born.
which.
where
BBC
Beijing is the city in which I was born.
where
=American born Chinese
=Beijing born Chinese
关系代词 指代 在定语从句中
所充当的成分
人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语
口语
表所属关系
who
whom
which
that
whose
as
关系副词 指代 所充当的句子成分
when
where
why
time
place
reason
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
on the top of the hills
talk to the student
look after the baby
先行词在从句中作宾语时,引导词可省略
Please fill in the blanks, using the pronouns above.
This is the baby________________ I shall look after tomorrow.
The student to __________ you talked just now is a good football player.
My family climbed up the hills on the top of ________ we had a picnic before.
He still lives in the room ________ window faces to the east.
(who/whom/that )
whom
which
whose
the room’s window
5. He still lives in the room ___________ is in the north of the city.
6. He still lives in the room __________ there is a beautiful table.
7. I’ll never forget the days_________________ we studied together.
8. I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together.
9. Do you know the reason _____________ he did not come
10．The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up by his father.
we spent the days
we studied together during the days
there is a beautiful table in the room
which/ that
(that /which)
why/for which
where/in which
when/ during which
whose
the room is in the north…
★围绕高考来释难
1、Do you have anything __you want to say for yourself
2、This is the very book __I’m looking for.
3、This is the best __has been used against pollution.
4、What is the first American film __you have seen
5、I know the things and persons__he referred to.
6、Which is the bike__you lost
7、They secretly built up a small factory which produced things__could cause pollution
只用that的情况
1.当先行词是不定代词all much.little.something.
everything.anything.nothing.none.the one时
2.当先行词前面有only.any.few. little.no.all.
very等词修饰时
3.当先行词是形容词最高级或它的前面有形
容词最高级修饰时
4.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时
5.当先行词既有人又有物时
6.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时
7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用
which，另外一个宜用that
反之，如果一个用that另一个用which
只用which 不用that的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时
当关系代词前有介词时
This is the house in he once lived.
先行词是that或those时，引导词用which
That which you told him about is what we want to know
高考链接
My friend showed me round the town, ____was very kind of him.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
解析：A
which 引导非限制性定语从句
which
只能用who的情况
1.先行词one, ones, anyone, all, those指人时引导词用who
All____have studied this question have come to the same conclusion.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
2.在there be 句型中，先行词指人时
There is a young lady asks for you.
B
who
3.从句中有两个定语从句且都指人时，引导词一个用who 一个用that
The student who was surprised is the monitor that is very modest(谦虚的)
The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.
关系代词whose还可以在从句中
与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。
Note
2. 先行词是人, 从句中缺动词宾语或
介词宾语时, 用whom或that(介词
后不用 that)。
The teacher wants to return the book
to the girl from whom he borrowed it.
He is the student (whom, who, that) you
want to see.
关系代词that, which , whom 在从句中作
宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则
不可省略。
1. The famous basketball star, ____ tried
to make a comeback, attracted a lot of
attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who Key
解析: 本题考察定语从句关联词的选择,
从句意可知先行词the famous basketball
star(著名的篮球明星)是人, 所以应用
表示人的关联词who。
真题解析
D
2. (2006 北京) Women ___drink more than
two cups of coffee a day have a greater
chance of having heart disease than
those ___ don't.
A. who;/ B. /; who C. who; who D. /;/
Key: C
解析: 本题考查两个定语从句, 这两个
定语从句都缺少主语, 在定语从句中,
如果是关系代词做定语从句的主语,
关系代词不能省略, 故答案选C。
3. (2006 福建) Look out! Don't get too
close to the house ___ roof is under
repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. that
　Key A
　解析: whose在定语从句中做roof的
定语, 用于修饰house.
4. --Is that the small town you often refer
to
--Right, just the one ___ you know
I used to work for years. (2005 福建)
A. that B. which C. where D. what
Key C　　
解析: 从句中you know是插入语, 所以
用where引导表示地点的定语从句。
11. I’ve read all the books ____ you gave me.
12. There is no difficulty ____ can’t be overcome in the world.
13.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
14. He keeps a record of everything ____ he had seen there.
15. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _____ I have watched this year.
(that)
that
(that)
(that)
(that)
Now finish exercises 11--20
16.Tell us about the people and the places ____ are different from ours.
17. This is the very thing _______ I am after.
18. Any person _______ has the money can join the group.
19. Who is the person _____ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower
20. Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth
that
(that)
that/who
that
that
复习定语从句中的关系副词：
when, where, why
when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+
关系代词（which）”。
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league.
on which
where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+
关系代词（which）”。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
in which
why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当
于“介词for+ 关系代词（which）”。
Do you know the reason why she was late.
It rained heavily, for which he was late for
the class.
He is the man___ house the pictures are taken.
A. whose B.which C.from whose D.that
2.He lives in the flat,___he can see___ is happen-
ing in the street. A.there/what
B.where/something C.from whose window/all that
3.That was the most interesting film___I have seen.
A. whose B.that C. which D.what
4.Ahead of me I saw a woman___I thought was
my aunt.
A. who B. whom C. from whom D. of whom
5.Watch the girl and her dog___are crossing
the street.
A. who B. which C. that D. they
C
C
B
A
C
6. He is the very one of the students____ good at
English.
A. who does B.that is C.whom do D.which are
7.The second book___I want to read is Traveis in
China by Rewi Alley.
A. which B. that C. what D.as
8.He is the same teacher___spoke at the meeting
on the opening ceremony.
A. as B. whom C. that D. who
9.The days___I spent in the countryside in my
childhood was the happiest time___I had ever
had in my life. D. that/that
A. when/when B. when/that C. that /which
C
B
B
D
Under the big tree are 34 students,
many of them come from class two.
2. My mother has a good book, which
cover looks terrible.
3. Who are the young girls who are
having dinner in the restaurant
改错
whom
whose
that
4. She is one of the girls who is very
interested in maths.
5. Tom is the only one of the boys who
like playing football.
6. Who is the girl that you talked to
her just now
7. There is an old woman, that is
holding a stick.
are
who
likes
* As 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。
Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“and this” or “ and that”. 译为“这一点”。
　　而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如…..那样”，且已形成固定结构。　如：as is known, as is said, as is reported, as is often the case, as is expected. Etc.
eg. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.
As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.
He didn’t come to attend the meeting, as is expected.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
My son now goes to the school, which I used go to when I was a child.