仁爱版英语九年级上册 重点句型 Unit 2 Topic 1 Pollution has causes too many problems.导学案（含答案）

初中英语 重点句型（Unit 2 Saving the Earth - Topic 1 Pollution has caused too many problems.）
1. 学习句型，理解句型的含义。
2. 正确地运用句型，并能灵活地用于作文中。
3. 掌握一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。
重点：
1. Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream．
2. Quite a few people living near airports also have hearing loss.
3. Recently, it was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do,……
4. What a shame!
5. —How long have you been like this?
—I’ve been like this since last week.
难点：一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。
考点精讲：
【课文朗读】
Section A
(Kangkang, Jane, Maria and Michael are planning a picnic for Sunday.)
Jane and Maria: Kangkang, where shall we go?
Kangkang: What about the West Hill? I went there two years ago. It was a beautiful place. There were lots of flowers and grass. The air was fresh and the water was clean, and you could see bees and butterflies dancing.
Michael: Sounds great! Let’s go there.
(On Sunday, they come to the West Hill.)
Kangkang: Oh, what a mess! The flowers and grass have gone! The water is so dirty. It smells terrible. What has happened here?
Maria: What a shame! Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream.
Kangkang: Everything has changed.
Michael: Do you still want to have a picnic here?
Jane: Of course not.
Section B
(Mrs. Zhou is coughing. She looks weak.)
Kangkang: Good morning, Mrs. Zhou. What’s wrong with you?
Mrs. Zhou: Oh, Kangkang. It’s difficult for me to breathe. I’ve got a pain in my throat.
Kangkang: How long have you been like this?
Mrs. Zhou: I’ve been like this since last week.
Kangkang: Have you seen a doctor?
Mrs. Zhou: Not yet. The chemical factory produces terrible gas. The bad air makes my chest hurt. What’s worse, the factory makes too much noise and I can’t sleep well at night.
Kangkang: That’s too bad.
Mrs. Zhou: Yes, it is really awful. I’m always in a bad mood because I can’t bear the environment here. Anyway, I hope the government will solve this problem soon. By the way, have you noticed the dead fish in the river?
Kangkang: Oh, yes. Pollution has caused too many problems. I think I should write to the newspaper about these problems. But now you’d better go to see a doctor.
Section C
In today’s world, almost everyone knows air pollution is harmful to people’s health. However, not all people know noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans’ health.
People who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf. For example, many of the workers who print newspapers and books lose their hearing. Quite a few people living near airports also have hearing loss. Recently, it was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do, because these young people always listen to loud pop music.
Making a loud noise in public is also a kind of pollution. It not only disturbs others but also does great harm to people’s hearing. Cars and machines also produce too much noise. Such pollution makes people feel uncomfortable and unpleasant, and it can even cause them to become sick or deaf. Nowadays, many countries are trying to solve all sorts of environmental problems, including noise pollution.
【句型精析】
1. Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream．看，有几个化工厂正往小溪里排放废水。
There be + sth. / sb. + doing sth. 有某人或某物正在做某事
There are many people living in the area now. 现在有许多人住在那个地区。
There be + sth. / sb. + doing sth. 有某人或某物正在做某事是中考英语的常考点。
There be + sth. / sb. + to do sth. 意为“有某人/某物(将要/经常/过去)做某事，有做某事的人/物”如：
There are no people to go there. 没有人要去那儿。
There were few machines to help us do farm work in the past. 过去几乎没有机器帮我们做农活。
There will be no time to go shopping this weekend. 这个周末没有时间去购物。
Look, there is a boy ________ a kite near the river.
A. flying B. flies C. is flying D. fly
答案：A
思路分析：根据句意“看，在河的附近有一个男孩正在放风筝”，There be + sth. / sb. + doing sth. 有某人或某物正在做某事，故选A。
2. Quite a few people living near airports also have hearing loss.许多生活在机场附近的人们也丧失了听力。
（1）quite a few意为“许多”，相当于many。
（2）lose one’s hearing意为“丧失听力”，同义短语是：have hearing loss。
There are quite a few old people living in this area. 这个地区住着许多老年人。
Beethoven lost his hearing at the age of 50. 贝多芬五十岁时丧失了听力。
类似词组quite a little许多，相当于much。very little几乎没有一点儿；just a few仅仅几个；just a little仅仅一点儿。
Quite a few people do exercise on the square every morning. (选出与划线部分意思相同的一项)
A. Several B. Some C. Many D. Much
答案：C
思路分析：quite a few意为“许多”，与many同义，故选C。
3. Recently, it was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do，……近期有报道说美国许多青少年的听力像65岁的老人那样差，……
（1）recently是副词，意为“最近，不久前”，多用于过去时和现在完成时。
（2）It is reported that ... 意为“据报道……”，在此句中，it为形式主语，that在从句为真正的主语。
Have you gone to London recently？你最近去伦敦了吗？
It’s reported that it will be cloudy tomorrow. 据报道明天多云。
固定句型It is reported that... 意为“据报道……”是中考常见考点。
与其结构相近的还有：It is said that…据说……；It is believed that…人们相信……；It is well known that…众所周知……。如：
It’s said that he was a doctor ten years ago. 据说十年前他是一位医生。
It’s believed that pollution does great harm to animals. 污染对动物有害是毫无疑问的。
It’s well known that he is a good teacher. 众所周知他是一位好老师。
根据汉语意思完成句子。
据报道，动物园有些动物吃了游客随意扔的食物而患重病。
_________ ________ ________ some of the animals in the zoo are badly ill because they eat the food thrown by visitors freely.
答案：It’s said that
思路分析：根据句意“据报道……”而It is reported that... 意为“据报道……”因此填It’s reported that。
4. What a shame! 真可耻！
shame是可数名词，意为“羞耻，羞愧，令人惋惜的事”，What a shame!意为“真可耻！”
She was full of shame at her bad behavior. 她对自己的不良行为感到羞愧。
It’s a shame to waste such talent. 这样的才能浪费真可惜。
句子What a shame!的用法在中考中是一个常考点。
当What a shame!表示“真遗憾，真可惜”的意思时，相当于同义句What a pity! 如：
What a pity you couldn’t come here yesterday!
=What a shame you couldn’t come here yesterday! 昨天你不能来，这真是件遗憾事！
— I lost my new bike yesterday.
— _________ _________ _________！
A. What a mess! B. What a shame! C. That’s cool! D. It doesn’t matter.
答案：B
思路分析：根据句意“昨天我的新自行车丢了”可知，回答语应该表示“真遗憾”，故选B。
5. —How long have you been like this? 你像这样多久了？
—I’ve been like this since last week. 自上周以来我一直都是这样。
how long意为“多久，多长时间”，用来询问或谈论某段时间，答语通常用for，since 等引导的时间状语，谓语动词必须为延续性动词。
— How long have you learned English? 你学英语多长时间了？
— I have learned English for three years. 我学英语三年了。
how long对时间段提问时，回答语中for与since的区别在中考中是常考点。
since+时间点，for+时间段 ；since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。如：
He has studied computer for three years. 他学电脑已经三年了。
He has studied computer since three years ago. 他从三年前开始学习电脑。
—__________ have you been like this？
— For 3 days.
A. How far B. How long C. How many D. How often
答案：B
思路分析：根据回答语“3天”可知，对时间段进行提问，故选B。
同步练习：

（答题时间：20分钟）
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1. —I called you yesterday evening, but you were not in.
—Sorry, I _________in the shop with my mother.
A. am B. will be C. was D. have been
2. —You look very nice in your new dress today.
—Oh, really? I ________ it when it was on sale.
A. buy B. bought C. have bought D. will buy
3. The 2014 FIFA World Cup ________ in Brazil on June 13.
A. is opening B. has opened C. opened D. open
4. —Have you had your breakfast yet?
—Yes. Mom __________it for me.
A. was cooking B. is cooking C. will cook D. cooked
5. —Are you going anywhere?
—I ________ about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind.
A. think B. have thought C. will think D. thought
6. —I missed the train because of the heavy traffic.
—__________You have to stay here for another day.
A. Sounds great. B. That’s right
C. What a mess! D. What a shame!
7. —Listen, there is a bird _________ in the tree.
—How wonderful!
A. sing B. sings C. singing D. to sing
8. It __________ that the bad weather will stay for three days.
A. reported B. is reported C. reports D. will report
9. People may lose their __________ if they often work in noisy conditions.
A. hear B. to hear C. heard D. hearing
10. —How long has he been abroad?
—He has been abroad _________ last year.
A. for B. after C. in D. since
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
Is the whale the world’s largest fish? No. It looks like a fish, but it is really a mammal (哺乳动物). Then what’s the world’s largest fish? It’s the whale shark (鲸鲨).
Although the whale shark is our biggest fish and lives in many oceans (海洋) around the world, few people have ever heard of it. Scientists have not been studying whale sharks for very long. Much more needs to be learned about them.
A whale shark is sometimes called a “gentle giant (温柔的巨人)”. It likes to be alone and doesn’t care a bit about divers or humans. The biggest whale shark weighed 24,250 pounds and was nearly 40 feet long. This makes it heavier and longer than a school bus.
Inside its huge mouth are great numbers of very small teeth. To count all of them, you’ll need to do some math. The whale shark’s teeth are arranged in rows. There are between eleven and thirteen rows on each jaw (颚) and around three hundred teeth in each row.
However, the whale shark rarely uses its teeth. It does not chew or bite its food. Large amounts of water are pulled into its mouth and then pushed out through its gills (鳃).
For a few months every year, a group of whale sharks comes to Ningaloo Reef, off Western Australia. This gives scientists a wonderful chance to study the large fish. Whale sharks do live in other oceans of the world, but no one knows their population. It is possible that our biggest fish may need protecting. It is one of the reasons why scientists continue to learn all they can about these gentle giants.
1. Little is known about whale sharks because scientists ___________.
A. are not interested in learning about them
B. find them too difficult to catch
C. do not know the best places to find them
D. have studied them for a short time
2. Which sentence can tell us that whale sharks are gentle?
A. They have large mouths.
B. They leave divers alone.
C. They have small eyes.
D. They live in many oceans.
3. How does the writer help us know what the whale shark’s mouth looks like?
A. By giving reasons.
B. By describing colors.
C. By comparing sizes.
D. By using numbers.
4. The fifth paragraph is mainly about _____________.
A. how a whale shark eats
B. what a whale shark eats
C. how different fish use their gills
D. what’s inside a whale shark’s mouth
5. Which of the following is the best title for the article?
A. Gentle Giants B. The Diary of a Sailor
C. The Largest Animal D. My Life on the Sea
Ⅲ. 书面表达
目前，全国许多市持续出现雾霾天气，陷入大范围的重度和严重空气污染。请您根据要点提示，联系实际，适当发挥，以Let’s do something to keep hazy weather away为题写一篇报告。
内容要点：
1. 雾霾原因：工厂废气和汽车尾气的排放；
2. 导致问题：（1）空气污染，不敢开窗，外出需戴口罩，学生停止户外活动；
（2）因能见度低导致交通事故，飞机延误；
（3）……
3. 采取措施：（1）作为学生……（至少1条）；
（2）号召人们……（至少l条）。
写作要求：90词左右。文章开头已给出，不计入总词数；注意书写工整和标点符号的规范使用。
参考词汇：雾霾 hazy；废气waste gas; 口罩mask; 延误 delay
答案：
Ⅰ. 1. C 解析：考查动词的时态。由“yesterday evening”可知应用一般过去时，故选C。
2. B 解析：考查动词的时态。由“when it was on sale”可知应用一般过去时，故选B。
3. C 解析：考查动词时态。由on June 13可知，该空应用一般过去时。该句意为：2014世界杯于6月13日在巴西开幕，故选C。
4. D 解析：考查动词时态。句意为：你吃过早餐了吗？是的，妈妈为我做的。现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响。由此可知，做饭发生在过去，故选D。
5. D 解析：考查动词的时态。由答句中的but I have changed my mind可知，所考虑的计划发生在过去，故应用一般过去时，但是我已经改变主意了，故选D。
6. D 解析：前者因交通拥挤错过了火车，后者深表遗憾，故选D。
7. C 解析：考查句型there be+sth./sb. doing，句中动词应用动名词形式，故选C。
8. B 解析：固定句型It is reported that…意为“据报道……”，故选B。
9. D 解析：考查句型lose one’s hearing意为“丧失听力”，故选D。
10. D 解析：since+时间点，for+时间段，故选D。
Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍世界上最大的鱼——鲸鲨。
1. D 解析：由第二段“Scientists have not been studying whale sharks for very long.”可知他们对鲸鲨研究的时间短。
2. B 解析：定位到原文第三段。由“It likes to be alone and doesn’t care a bit about divers or humans.”可知它不会去伤害潜水员，故选B。
3. D 解析：由原文第四段中“count, math, eleven and thirteen, three hundred”可知by using numbers.
4. A 解析：由第五段可知鲸鲨不咀嚼或咬食物，而是大量的水进入嘴里再由鳃出来，可知讲的是how to eat。
5. A 解析：文中并未提到a sailor的diary故B错；Whale shark并不是the largest animal，
而是largest fish，故C错；文中并未讲述在海上的生活，故D错。
Ⅲ.
One possible version:
Let’s do something to keep hazy weather away
Nowadays, hazy weather has appeared in many cities in China. The air pollution in these areas is very serious. That’s because many factories and cars give off waste gas.
Because of the serious air pollution，people daren’t open windows to let in fresh air. When they go outdoors，they have to wear masks．Also，students have to stop outdoor activities to avoid breathing in bad air．On hazy days, many traffic accidents happen and many flights are delayed because people can’t see clearly. Last but not least，the serious air pollution has also caused many diseases and many people lose their lives.
As a student，we can go to school by bike instead of by car．We should call on our friends to take the underground or the bus to work．We can call on people to plant more trees and ask the government to improve the public transport service.
We believe if we take actions, the air will be as fresh as before.