更上一层楼
基础·巩固·达标
Ⅰ.将A与B中有关联的单词搭配在一起
A：boil rust expand tongs contract dissolve reaction
B：crucible cool oxide liquid conclusion heat steam
答案：boil—steam rust—oxide expand—heat contract—cool tongs—crucible
dissolve—liquid reaction—conclusion ?
Ⅱ.用一个合适的单词完成下列句子
1．What’s the (3 letters)of this experiment
2．We use (11 letters)to provide power for machines.
3．It is time for us human beings to take measures to protect all living things to keep the (7 letters)of nature.
4．We students should go to bed early and get up early to (4 letters)a good habit.
5．Both teachers and students in our school are deeply impressed by Professor Smith’s
(7 letters).
6．Our school was built just a year ago with many advanced teaching (10 letters).
7．I was (10 letters)when I heard the hospital had burnt down.
8．Jack，can you see something red (8 letters)in the distance on the water
答案：1.aim 根据常识推断，应该说“实验的结果(result)/结论(conclusion)或目的(aim)”都可，又因只有三个字母，所以用aim。?
2.electricity 本句意为“我们用电为机器提供动力”。?
3.balance keep the balance of nature意为“保持自然界的生态平衡”。?
4.form form a good habit of...为固定词组，意为“养成……的好习惯”。?
5.lecture 按常识推断，应该是教授的“演讲”。?
6.facilities 设备可表示为facility或equipment,但equipment不可数。在本题中many修饰facility，所以用facility的复数形式。?
7.astonished 本句意为“当听到医院烧成平地的消息时，我惊呆了”。?
8.floating 本句意为“你能看见远处水上漂着红色的东西吗？”float与something构成主谓关系，且表示正在进行的动作，所以用float的现在分词形式。?
Ⅲ.用下面的介词完成句子
of out in from at
1. The reaction of metals with these substances can be put order.
2．Write out each corrected sentence least once.
3．Do an experiment to find if iron rusts in dry air.
4．Try to learn your mistakes，and you’ll make progress.
5．Two thirds the earth’s surface is water.
答案：1.in put...in order为固定搭配，意为“把……有序排列”。?
2.at at least为固定搭配，意为“至少”。?
3.out 固定短语find out意为“查明白；弄清楚”。?
4.from learn from...意思为“向某人学习；从某事中吸取教训”。?
5.of of表示所属关系，“……的”。本句意为“地球表面的三分之二是水”。?
Ⅳ.用所给的短语完成句子
add..to in the area of be proud of be interested in react withbe supposed to at the bottom of keep out of used to
1. Many great discoveries have been made science.
2．We all the Chinese athletes’ success during the 28th Olympic Games.
3．Mr.Smith smoke but he has given it up.
4．Please some sugar the tea.
5．Iron water and air to produce rust.
6．There are some underwater plants the tube.
7．You clean the blackboard and the classroom today.
8．I very English.
9． the dog the room.Don’t let it in.
答案：1.in the area of in the area of意为“在……领域”。?
2.are;proud of 短语be proud of意为“对……感到自豪”，we作主语用are。?
3.used to used to do意为“过去常常做某事”，但现在不做了。?
4.add;to add...to...意为“在……里添加……”。在祈使句中用动词原形。?
5.reacts with react with意为“与……反应”，iron为不可数名词，故用 reacts。?
6.at the bottom of at the bottom of意为“在……底部”。?
7.are supposed to are supposed to do在本句中相当于should do，表示“应该?做……”。
8.am;interested in 本句意为“我对英语很感兴趣”。?
9.Keep;out of keep...out of意为“把……挡在外面”与下句“别让它进来”意思一致。
Ⅴ.根据A句完成B句
1．A:If you work harder，you will make greater progress.
B: you work， you will make.
2．A:The chairman thought that it was necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
B:The chairman thought to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
3．A:Generally speaking，if the camera is more expensive，its quality will be better.
B:Generally speaking， the camera， its quality.
4．A:There are 64 students in our class.48 of them are girls.
B:There are three times as boys in our class.
5．A:Two out of five students in our class are girls.
B: the students in our class are girls.
答案：1.The harder;the greater progress 本题考查了“the more..., the more...”这一句型。在这个句型中，前一部分表条件，相当于if条件句，后一部分表结果，意为“越……就越……”。
2.it necessary think既可接it is/was+adj.+to do句作宾语从句（其中it作形式主语），又可接it+adj.+to do作复合宾语（其中it作形式宾语）。?
3.the more expensive;the better 在“the more..., the more...”句型中，可以省略谓语(甚至主语、谓语一起省略)。?
4.as many girls 在“as...as”结构中通常把名词放在两个as中间。?
5.Two fifths of two out of five意为“五个中有两个”与two fifths of...(五分之二)意思相同。?
Ⅵ.将下列词句与其释义搭配
1．Where do we go from here A.You’ve understood.
2．Keep the noise down. B.You’re next.
3．You’ve got it! C.What shall we do next
4．Go ahead! D.Talk quietly.
5．It’s your turn now. E.You can begin.
答案：1.C 2.D 3.A 4.E 5.B?
Ⅶ.单项选择
1．The pianos in the other shop will be ,but .
A.cheaper；not as better B.cheaper；not as good
C.cheap;as better D.cheap;as good
答案：B 此句为省略句，全句应为：The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper but not as good as those in this shop.as...as之间的形容词要用原级。
2．—How did you find your visit to museum
—I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was than I expected.
A.far more interesting B.even much interesting
C.far interesting D.much interesting
答案：A 由空格后面的than，可推断前面一定有比较级，故排除B项。
3．I am glad to say that she’s already finished 50% of the book in these three days.
A.no less than B.no more than
C.less than D.more than
答案：A no less than意为“有……之多；不少于……”；no more than意为“仅仅”，不符合题意。?
4．—It’s so hot today.
—It surely is.It’s yesterday.
A.two degrees hotter than B.two degree as hot as
C.two degree hotter than D.two degrees as hot as
答案：A 答语的后半句意为“比昨天热2度”。倍数表达法之一：“数词+?adj.或adv.?的比较级+than”。?
5．I offered him ,for which he thanked me again and again.
A.that he had asked for three times
B.three times what he had asked for
C.what he had asked for three times
D.three times that he had asked for
答案：B 倍数放在what he had asked for(相当于the+n.)之前。
6．This is attractive museum.I can hardly tear myself away from it.
A.a most B.the most
C.most D.more
答案：A most与不定冠词连用，表示“非常”。?
7． of the area is covered by water.
A.Two-thirds B.Two third
C.Two thirds D.Two-third
答案：A 本题考查了分数的表达法，即分子大于1，分母加s。
8．He looked quite young though he was .
A.in seventy B.at the age of seventy
C.in seventies D.at the age of seventies
答案：B “他70多岁时”应该是in his seventies,选项A不正确；at the age of seventy意思是“在70岁时”。?
9．There is a learning tower about .
A.180 feet high B.180 foot high
C.180-feet high D.180-foot high
答案：A 180 feet high意为“180英尺高”。?
10．（北京东城模拟）— Della，I’m thinking of taking five courses next term.
— Wouldn’t four be
A.wise B.wiser
C.the wisest D.the wiser
答案：B 用形容词比较级，表示更明智。?
Ⅷ.根据括号内所给的汉意完成句子
1．The soup is a little fresh，so you’d better (加点盐).
2．Madam Curie made a great contribution (在科学领域).
3．Iron does not rust (在没有空气的水里).
4． (他有什么反应)the experimental equipment you offered
5．He is an excellent chemistry teacher，so (能成为他的学生我很骄傲).
6．When we put salt and sugar into water，they easily (溶解)in it.
7．Our school is (他们学校的两倍大).
答案：1.add some salt to it?
2.in the area/field of science?
3.in the water without air/in air?free water?
4.What was his reaction to?
5.I’m very proud of being his student?
6.dissolve?
7.twice as big as theirs/twice bigger than theirs /twice the size of theirs?
Ⅸ.根据括号中的单词或短语写一合适的句子
1．—I’ve been told that I failed the driving test.
— (sorry，hear that)
2．You are walking so fast that I .(not，catch up with)
3．—Next Sunday is my best friend’s birthday.
— (how about，birthday cake)
4．—Look! Why do the farmers cover their windows with plastic cloth
— .(keep out of ，the cold air)
5．I used to do anything all by myself，but now .
(be used to，work with others)
答案：1.I’m sorry to hear that. 别人说考试没通过，自己应该对此表示遗憾。?
2.can’t catch up with you so...that表示“如此……以至于”，即答语意为“你走得太快我跟不上”。?
3.How about buying her a birthday cake 此句型表示提建议，即答语意为“给她买个生日蛋糕怎样 ”?
4.To keep out of the cold air. 即答语意为“为了挡住冷空气，农民们用塑料布把窗户盖起来”,不定式表示目的。?
5.I am used to working with others be used to doing意为“习惯于做……”,本句意为“以前一切事情我都是自己做，可现在我习惯于同别人合作”。?
综合·应用·创新
Ⅰ.根据课文内容填空
It is hard to think of a world without .Different metals have different .When we use metals，it is to know how they with different .The reaction of metals with water and oxygen can be put in .From the ,we can find potassium react the with oxygen and water while doesn’t react with water.When we calcium in oxygen，it burns to an oxide.
There is a simple scientific about iron.Iron doesn’t rust in dry and water，but rusts in water.
答案：metals;uses;important;react;substances;order;table;most;copper;burn;form;
experiment;air;air-free;ordinary?
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Edison and His Experiments?
Thomas Edison was interested in science at an early age.In order to earn money for books and for his scientific experiments，Thomas sold vegetables from the family garden.This work did not make enough money，and so he began to sell newspapers.He traveled on trains to sell his newspapers.He began to do experiments on the trains too，and he brought a lot of instruments and chemicals on them.The railway line was not very good，and one day a train suddenly shook a lot during a turn.Edison had a piece of phosphorus(磷) among his chemicals.Everything in the train shook，and the phosphorus fell on the floor.It began to burn，as phosphorus often does.The train was soon burning.The conductor of the train was so angry that he threw Thomas and all his equipment off the train at the next station.?
After that Edison worked as a telegraph operator.As an operator he had to work at night.During the day he read books and did experiments.The result was that he was very tired.Sometimes he slept at night so the other operators got angry with him.When they sent a message，Edison did not give an answer.They found that he was often asleep.They soon found a way to keep him awake.They told him to telegraph the letter “A”every hour.In order to do this，he had to stay awake.?
Edison did not like this at all.He was too tired，so he invented a new instrument which sent the letter “A”every hour.It never failed，for instruments are not like people and they never forget to do what they are told to.The other operators received the letter “A”every hour.?
They could not believe it.They also could not believe that Edison was such a foolish man.One night they went quietly to his room.When they looked inside，they found that Edison was there sleeping，and his instrument was sending the letter “A”!
阅读短文填空，每空一词。
1.Edison sold vegetables he could earn money for books and for his scientific experiments.
2.The conductor was angry because Edison’s phosphorus set the train .
3.When Edison invented a new which sent ,he had enough time to sleep at night.
4.Edison’s colleagues didn’t believe Edison was such a man so they went to Edison’s room.And they found that Edison was .
答案：1.so that 2.on fire 3.instrument;the letter “A” 4.foolish;sleeping?
拓展视野 ?
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before：changes for the better，changes for the worse；changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings，changes that put man in danger.Many things caused the changes，but，in my opinion，the most important was the progress in science.?
Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views.It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe；it has brought us a better under- standing of the nature of life and of its continuous develop- ment.Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.?
The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings：in pure science—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning；in applied science—a more reasonable sharing of material benefits，and better protection of the environment.?
Sadly，however，there is another side to the picture.The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind.The application of science and technology to the develo- pment and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet.We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons.Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War，the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used，the result could have been the ruin of the human race，as well as of many kinds of animals.
William Shakespeare said，“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线)，good and ill together.”The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said.But does it have to be so Must the ill always go together with the good Are we biologically programmed for war ?
【个性思考】 Does scientific development have great effect on your life Give some examples.??
My view:
人生启迪
随着社会的发展，人们越来越重视人与自然的问题，越来越强调人与自然和谐发展。其中，人与动物的关系问题也越来越引起人们的重视。我们应该对动物采取什么态度呢？?
Could the use of animals in scientific experiments be justified Well you may get totally different answers when you are in different positions.?
Suppose you are a pet owner.When someone asks to take away your lovely dog for a scientific experiment，certainly you will cry out and claim that he or she is a devil.This is just the reaction we are expecting for it is love and concern for others that make human beings human，and this kind of love and care are not only existing among ourselves，but ?also? between us and the nature.Can you imagine living in a world where people kill animals for any purpose they like Can you expect people loving each other in that kind of world It must be a nightmare（噩梦）.?
However，to get a fuller view of such a controversial issue（矛盾的问题），you should put yourself in another position.Scientific experiments using animals have contributed a lot in medical development.Thanks to that，cures for many kinds of disease，which have killed thousands of people in the past few decades，have been found now and many lives are saved.If you are one of those with that kind of disease，will you support using animals in scientific experiments that can save you or will you give up your hope of life The majority chooses the former and it is reflecting（反映）the rule of the nature—the fittest survives（适者生存）.?
Every creature on the earth is a gift.We should love and protect them while at the same time make good use of them，since it is not only for our own sake（原因） but also for the sake of the harmony（和谐） that existing in the nature world. Module5 A Lesson in a Lab教案
Period 1
Introduction & Vocabulary and Speaking
Teaching aims:
1. To introduce some general science .
2. To learn some words related to the theme of this module .
3. To develop speaking ability by practicing saying the numbers, especially the fractions.
Important and difficult points:
1. Arouse the students’ interests and love in science.
2. Enable the students to understand some elements about the chemistry lab.
3. Make the students know how to read the numbers.
Teaching procedures:
Introduction
Activity 1
The aim of the activity is to ask the students to finish the quiz about general science to arouse their interest in science. The activity can be done as follows:
Firstly, ask the students to go through the following the quiz and make their choice on their own.
Quiz: How much do you know about general science
1. Water exists __________
(a) as a solid, a liquid and a gas (b) as a solid and a liquid only
2. When you heat a metal, it will ___________
(a) expand (b) contract
3. Steel is mixture of_____________.
(a) iron and other substances. (b) iron and oxygen
4. _______________ of the earth’s surface is water.
(a) Two-thirds (b) 50%
5. The distance of the sun from the earth is ______________ kilometers.
(a) 25,500 (b) 150,500,500
6.The earth is 4.6______________ years old.
(a) million (b) billion
7. The earth is ______________ the moon
(a) twice as large as (b) forty-nine times larger than
Then put the students in pairs to compare their answers and call back the answers from the class.
Finally ask them to listen to the tape about the above quiz and check their answers.
Answers: 1. a; 2. a; 3. a 4. a; 5. b; 6. b; 7. b.
Activities 2 & 3
The teacher can prepare some cards about different things for the class at first. Before showing the students the cards, the teacher can say to the whole class: Things can be divided into three kinds, natural, man-made, and either natural or man-made, now I’ll show you some cards in my hand, can you tell me which are natural, man-made or both
After this, the teacher can continue to say to the whole the class: Can you give some examples Then divide the whole class into two big groups to compete. The teacher can ask the Ss to speak out as many examples as possible and write down the words in the table on the blackboard as follows:
Natural Eg: wood, ------
Man-made Eg: glass, ------
Either natural or man-made Eg: water, ------
Finally, ask the Ss to open their books at Page 41 and read the words in the box aloud. If possible, they can look up the words to know what they mean. Of course, the above competition will continue, that is to say, at this moment, the teacher can ask the Ss to put the words in the box on Page 41 in their books in the above table.
Vocabulary and Speaking
Activity 1
The aim of the activity is to have the students know how to read the long numbers. So the activity can be done like this:
Before dealing with the activity, the teacher had better build up a long number by
having the students say an increasing sequence, eg:
three
thirty-three
three hundred and thirty-three
3, 333 three thousand, three hundred and thirty-three
33, 333 thirty-three thousand, three hundred and thirty-three
At this time, most of the Ss will know the way of reading these long numbers: where to say “million”, “thousand”, and “hundred” . So in order to consolidate what they just learned, the teacher can practice saying the numbers at the top of Page 42 with the students to make sure the Ss have the correct intonation.
Then ask the Ss to go through the rest of the numbers in Activity 1 and find the errors individually according to the directions.
Finally the teacher calls back the answers from the class.
Answers: 1)The word “thousand” is missing after “four hundred and seventy”; 2)The word “one”(or “a”) is missing before “hundred million”.
Activity 2
Firstly, the teacher point at the fractions and say them in English. At the same time the teacher have the Ss repeat them after him or her.
Then the teacher and the Ss make an analysis about the rules of reading fractions in English together.
Finally the teacher ask the Ss to read the rest of the fractions in Activity 2 on Page 42 in their books in English on their own. If necessary, the teacher can write down the correct answers on the blackboard to check what they read.
Answers: 1. two-fifths; 2. five-eighths; 3. nine-tenths 4.three-eighths; 5.five-sixths.
Activity 3
The teacher should introduce the concept of percentage at first, and then the teacher write down some percentages on the blackboard and read them out in English.
Eg: 35%→ thirty-five percent (or: 35 percent); 50 percent equals a half.
Then have the Ss practice reading aloud the following percentages: 40%; 55%; 85%.
Finally have the Ss work in pairs to describe the fractions in Activity 2 as percentages in English .
Answers: 1. A quarter is the same as 25%; 2.One third is the same as 33.33r%(thirty-three point three three recurring percent); 3.Four-fifths is the same as 80%; 4. One tenth is the same as 10%; 5. Three-quarters is the same as 75%; 6. One half is the same as 50%; 7. Two-thirds is the same as 66.66r%(sixty-six point six six recurring percent); 8. Two-fifths is the same as 40%; 9. Five-eighths is the same as 62.5%(sixty-two point five percent); 10. Nine-tenths is the same as 90%; 11. Three-eighths is the same as 37.5%(thirty-seven point five percent); 12.Five-sixths is the same as 83.33r%(eighty-three point three three recurring percent).
Homework:
1. Preview the reading part.
Work in pairs to finish Activities 4& 5 on Page 43 .
Periods 2 & 3
Reading & Vocabulary
Teaching aims and demands:
⒈ To learn about some vocabulary and knowledge related to science and experiments
⒉ To know about some metals and get to know their main uses in our lives
⒊ To make the students know how to do a simple experiment and write the report about it in English
⒋ To deal with all the activities1-6 about passage A and passage B on page 44-45
⒌ To develop students’ expression ability as well as reading ability by practicing these two passages
⒍ To raise students’ interests in science and form the rigorous scientific attitude.
Teaching key points:
⒈ To make the students understand and grasp the vocabulary and knowledge related to science and experiments
⒉ To enable the students to know how to read some passages about simple scientific experiments
Teaching difficulties:
To make students learn how to write an experiment report in English
Teaching methods:
⒈ Communicative Approach
⒉ Task-based Approach
⒊ Aural-oral Approach with the help of the multi-media computer and the recorder
Teaching aids:
Multi-media computer; Software; PowerPoint; Recorder
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Lead-in
At first show the students the picture of a lab with the help of computer
Then design the following questions and ask the students to discuss them in groups:
Are you interested in doing scientific experiments
Suppose you want to do a chemical experiment about some metals, do you think it is necessary to know about how they react with other substances
In order to carry out an experiment successfully, what should you prepare for it
This step is to warm up the students and raise their interests to speak English in class. Because all these questions are very close to the students’ daily life and studying
Step 2：Pre-reading
Teacher: Since you are interested in doing scientific experiments, now let’s get to know some vocabulary and knowledge related to science and experiments.
At the same time I can type out some pictures about some metals on the screen with the help of the computer as follows:
⑴potassium(钾) ⑵sodium(钠) ⑶calcium(钙) ⑷magnesium(镁)
⑸aluminium(铝) ⑹zinc(锌) ⑺iron(铁) ⑻copper(铜)
As I type out each of the above pictures, I can ask the students like this: What’s this And what can it be used for
At this moment the students’ interests are probably approaching a climax. So I further ask them like this: Do you want to know more about these metals And do you know how we can use these metals better Well, this is what we’ll study very soon.
This step is employed to create a language environment for students’ communication and arouse their interests in reading passage A and passage B on page 44-45
Step 3: Reading
Passage A
T: Well, let’s read through passage A with the tape of it very quickly to try to catch its main idea. Then finish Activity 2 on page 44 and give your reasons.
Next, ask the Ss to read passage A very carefully to find out the answers in Activity 3 on page 44. Finish this activity by multi-media computer. It can be designed as follows:
Which of the metals in the table reacts the most with oxygen and water
Potassium, calcium and sodium.
What happens when you heat calcium in oxygen
It burns to form an oxide.
Which metals react with steam
Magnesium, aluminium and zinc.
Does iron have a slow or fast reaction with steam
It has a slow reaction.
Does copper react with water
No, it doesn’t.
Passage B
T: Well, from passage A we can see how interesting the experiment about the reaction of metals is! But do you know how we can carry out a chemical experiment in a lab successfully And what is the correct order to describe a scientific experiment
Ask the Ss to look at Activity 1 on page 44 and give them about 2 minutes to discuss it. Then collect the answers from them. At the same time type out the correct answer on the screen with the computer as follows:
T: Now, let’s come to see “ A simple scientific experiment”!
Then play the tape of passage B for the students and ask them to read the passage with the tape quickly and finish Activity 4 on page 44.
In order to lead the students to read the text very carefully, the following task-based questions can be signed to ask them to answer:
⑴Can you guess the meaning of the word “apparatus” through the context Have you known all of the apparatuses of this experiment
⑵In the second part of the experiment, why must you boil the water And then why do you add some oil to the water
For Question 1, some students maybe feel strange to some apparatuses. If so , the following pictures can be typed out with the help of computer to help Ss to know about:
Then in order to make the Ss consolidate what they read in passage B and check if they have understood the experiment very well, Activity 5 on page 46 can be typed out on the screen with the help of computer as a task-based activity。
Step 4：Discussion
⒈Do you think it is easy or difficult for you to carry out a scientific experiment well And can you describe how to do it successfully in simple words
⒉If you want to learn science subjects well, what qualities do you think you should have (Possible answers: We should be careful / serious / diligent /patient /thoughtful/ etc. )
This step is to consolidate what Ss have learnt in this lesson, in addition to penetrating the moral education to love science and form the rigorous scientific attitude.
Homework:
⒈Write a complete scientific experiment report in simple English.
⒉Underline the language points you can’t understand in the text.
⒊Go on to read the CUTUL CORNER reading passage of this module on Page 49.
Teaching summary:
⒈We’ve learnt about some vocabulary and knowledge related to science and experiments
⒉We’ve finished studying passage A and passage B on page44-45.
⒊We’ve known how to carry out a scientific experiment in a lab successfully and write a complete scientific experiment report in simple English
Period 4
Grammar : Degrees of Comparison
Teaching objectives:
To make the students grasp the usage of the degrees of comparison.
Important and difficult points:
⒈ To have the Ss understand all kinds of forms of degree of comparison.
⒉ To enable the students to know how to use the degrees of comparison correctly.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1. Lead-in
Present the Ss the following sentences on the Bb and ask them to discover what kind of degrees of comparison .
⑴Jack speak English as fluently as Tom.
⑵This school is better than that one.
⑶This book is more interesting than that one.
⑷This room is less beautiful than that one.
⑸The weather is getting hotter and hotter.
⑹The harder you study, the more you will make progress.
⑺He works (the) hardest in his class.
Then call the answers from the class.
Answers: 1.原级; 2、3、4、5、6、均为.比较级; 7.最高级.
Step 2. Grammar structure
Firstly ask the Ss to make a summary about the structures of the degrees of comparison. Then check the answers.
Answers：3 forms ——原级、比较级和最高级。
Step 3. Detailed Notes about Grammar Usage
⒈原级的构成和用法
1）构成：形容词和副词的原级形式是形容词和副词的原形。
2）用法：当表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级adj./adv.+as”的结构；当表示双方不相等时，用“not as(so)+ 原级adj./adv.+as”的结构；当表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级adj./adv.+as”的结构。例如：
①He is as tall as Jack. // I speak English as fluently as you.
②Your bike is not as(so) new as hers.
③This road is three times as long as that one.
⒉比较级和最高级的构成和用法
1）构成：
⑴规则变化
①单音节形容词以及少数以－er,－or结尾的形容词和副词加＂er＂，＂est＂．例如：
fast-faster-fastest; few-fewer-fewest; great-greater-greatest;
clever-cleverer-cleverest norrow-norrower-norrowest.
②以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以-ble,-ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后，加＂r＂，＂st＂．例如：
large-larger-largest, able-abler-ablest, simple-simpler-simplest
③以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，其前面的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加＂er＂，＂est＂．例如：
hot-hotter-hottest
④以辅音加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词要将y改写为i，再加＂er＂，＂est＂．例如：
easy-easier-easiest, happy-happier-happiest early-earlier-earliest
⑤一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前more或most．例如：
beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful; carefully-more carefully-most carefully
⑥少数单音节或双音节形容词也加more和most构成比较级和最高级。例如：
tired-more tired-most tired; pleased-more pleased-mos pleased;
crowded-more crowded-most crowded
⑵不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, ill worse worst
many, much more most
little less least
old older(较老、较旧),elder（较年长） oldest(最老、最旧)，eldest(最年长)
far farter(较远的),further(进一步地) farest（最远的）furthest（最深刻地）
[注意]辨析few-fewer-fewest和little-less-least的差别: ①前者是规则变化，后者是不规则变化；②前者用来修饰可数名词，后者用来修饰不可数名词。
2）用法：
⑴比较级的用法
①双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构表示。例如：
This book is better than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级adj./adv.+than”的结构表示。例如：
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一个方面随另一个方面的程度而变化时，用“the +比较级（+主语+谓语），the +比较级（+主语+谓语）”的结构。例如：
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get.
④表示自身程度的改变“越来越---”时，用“比较级+and+比较级”结构表示。如：
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The little girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑤表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：
a)“倍数+as+原级adj.+as+被比较对象”，例如：
This river is four times as long as that one.（这条河是那条河的四倍长）
b)“倍数+the+size(length, width, depth, height)+of+被比较对象”，例如：
This river is four times the length of that one.（这条河是那条河的四倍长）
c)“倍数+比较级adj.+than+被比较对象”，例如：
This river is three times longer than that one.（这条河是那条河的四倍长/这条河比那条河长三倍）
[注意]：
在比较级的前面可以加上如下一些表示程度的状语，但要注意其含义的差别。
a)any加比较级, 表示疑问程度，译为“------一些”，“------一点”。例如：
Are you feeling any better
b)no/not(any)加比较级, 表示否定程度，译为“并不-------”。例如：
Some grow no higher than your ankles.
This film is not more interesting than that one.
c)a bit, a little, slightly加比较级, 表示“稍微，一点（些）”。例如：
May I stay here a little longer
This problem is a bit more difficult than that one.
d)many, much, a lot, greatly, (by)far, rather, a good(great) deal等加比较级, 表示“------得多”。例如：
Our school is much more beautiful than theirs.
The people here are a great deal richer now than before.
[附] by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。例如：He is taller by far than his brother.// He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
e)even, still加比较级, 表示强调，译为“甚至更/还要-------”。例如：
He gets even stronger.
Jack is tall, but Tom is still taller.
f)“数词+名词+比较级”表示确定的程度。例如：
He is five years older than I.
I got up an hour earlier than the others.
⑵最高级的用法
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the +最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。例如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works (the) hardest in his class.
The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China.
②最高级可被序数词以及by far, by no means, much, nearly, almost, not quite, nothing like等词语修饰。例如：
The Yangtze River is the world’s third longest river.
How much did the second most expensive hat cost
This hat is by far / by no means / much / nearly / not nearly / almost / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
[注意]：
a)作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。例如：
He came (the) earliest of all the boys.
b)excellent(优秀的、极好的)，extreme（极端的），favourate(最喜爱的)，perfect（完美的）等词本身含有最高级的含义，所以它们没有比较级和最高级。
c)形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。
He is the tallest (boy) in his class.
⒊使用形容词、副词的比较等级时要注意的几个问题
⑴在as-----as之间只能使用原级形容词（副词）。例如：
误：I have as less money as you do.
正：I have as little money as you do.
⑵切忌采用双重比较
比较级前可以用表示程度的修饰语来表示强调或程度，但不可用more加比较级形式。例如：
误：His health is more worse than before.
正：His health is worse than before.
⑶应避免自我比较
使用比较级时，进行比较的双方必须是互相分离、互不包含的独立概念或事物，否则比较就不合逻辑。例如：
误：Bamboo probably has more uses than any plant in the world.
正：Bamboo probably has more uses than any other plant in the world.
[附]比较的另一方如果是不定代词anyone, anything, 前面不能加other, 而要在其后加else. 例如：
She studies harder than anyone else in her class.
但是，若比较的双方不属于同一范围，句中则不加other。例如：
She runs faster than any boy in her class.
⑷表示“两者中较-------”时，比较级前要加the。例如：
The older of the two noblemen took a light and led me into a back room.
⑸被比较的双方必须具有可比性。例如：
误：There are more students in this school than that school.
正：There are more students in this school than in that school.
⑹连词than后使用代词主格和宾格有时意义不同。例如：
①I know you better than he.我比他更了解你
②I know you better than him.我对你的了解比对他的了解更透彻些（或：“我比他更了解你”，此时与①同义）。
⑺使用最高级时，主语不可被排除在最高级所指的范围之外。例如：
误：He is the tallest of all his brothers.
正：He is the tallest of all the brothers.
⑻most前面加不定冠词a/an，或者不加冠词修饰形容词时，它的意思等于very。此时， most已失去最高级的意义。试比较：
a most interesting film(一部很有趣的电影) / the most interesting film(最有趣的电影)
Step 4. Practice
Exercise 1: Make sentences about the comparative sizes of the pairs. Use the words in the brackets.
Example: I think the Yangtze River is about 3 times as long as the Songhua River.
Or we can say:
I think the Yangtze River is about 3 times longer than the Songhua River.
⑴Lily weighs: 45 kilograms Tom weighs: over 90 kilograms (heavy)
___________________________________________________________________
⑵Mount Tai: 1,521 meters Mount Qumolangma: 8,848 meters (high)
____________________________________________________________________
⑶Winter in Beijing:-5℃ Winter in Harbin:-20℃ (cold)
____________________________________________________________________
⑷My house: 80 square meters My aunt’s house: 160 square meters (large)
____________________________________________________________________
Exercise 2: Use the words below to write sentences as in the example.
Example: temperature/ get /low
The temperature gets lower and lower.
⑴hot metal/ get / big
___________________________________________________________________
⑵magnesium/ get / hot
____________________________________________________________________
⑶sun/ get / strong during the morning
____________________________________________________________________
⑷sea/ become / warm
____________________________________________________________________
Answers:
Exercise 1:
⑴Tom weighs over twice as heavy as Lily.//Or: Tom is over twice heavier than Lily.
⑵Mount Qumolangma is about six times higher than Mount Tai.// Or: Mount Qumolangma is about six times as high as Mount Tai
⑶Winter is 4 times colder in Harbin than in Beijing.// Or: Winter is 4 times as cold in Harbin as in Beijing.
⑷My aunt’s house is twice as larger as my house.// Or: My aunt’s house is twice larger than my house.
Exercise 2:
⑴The hot metal is getting bigger and bigger.
⑵The magnesium is getting hotter and hotter.
⑶The sun is getting stronger and stronger during the morning.
⑷The sea is becoming warmer and warmer.
Homework:
1. Finish the exercises 2, 3 & 4 on page91-92 in their workbook.
Preview the rest of this module.
Period 5
Listening and Writing, Everyday English & Pronunciation
Teaching aims:
1. To learn to catch the related information from what they hear and understand the meaning of some expressions by context.
2. To enable the Ss to recognize the basic differences about the intonation of Wh-questions and Yes/No questions from what they hear.
3. To develop writing ability by practicing writing out the description of the scientific experiment according to what they hear.
Important and difficult points:
1. Enable the Ss to recognize the basic differences about the intonation of Wh-questions and Yes/No questions according to what they hear.
2. Have the Ss understand the exact meaning of some sentences by context.
Teaching procedures:
Listening and Writing
It is necessary for a teacher to give the Ss a brief indication before listening. For this listening, the teacher can say to the Ss: We are going to listen to a dialogue that takes place in a lab. A teacher helps a student do an experiment. In this experiment, the metal magnesium burns in air. Is there a change in weight when this metal burns in air Let’s guess / predict.
After the necessary indication, give the Ss very clear directions and requirements to listen. The teacher can continue to say: Now let’s listen to the dialogue. Try to find out whether there is a change in weight when the metal magnesium burns in air. At the same time, pay attention to the information related to the following:
Aim:____________________________________________________________
Apparatus:_______________________________________________________
Method:_________________________________________________________
Result:__________________________________________________________
Conclusion:______________________________________________________
Then begin to play the tape once and ask answers from the whole class. And then ask the Ss to finish Activity 2 on Page 47.
Play the recording again and ask the Ss to complete the above description on their own, and then to check their answers in pairs. Before replaying the recording, of course, had better remind the Ss how they usually write up science experiments, that is, completing the description involves some careful reading for specific information and reorganizing the information.
Answers:
Aim: to find out if there’s a change in weight when magnesium burns in air.
Apparatus: Magnesium, Bunsen burner, a balance, a crucible.
Method: First, put the magnesium in the crucible. Then put the crucible on the balance and weigh it. Next, heat the magnesium. Light the Bunsen burner and hold the crucible over it. Finally, weigh the magnesium again.
Result: It weighs a little more than before.
Conclusion: There is a change in weight when magnesium burns in air.
Everyday English
Firstly, ask the Ss to go through the everyday English on Page 48 and choose the correct meanings individually.
Then tell the Ss where these everyday English sentences from——they are from the above listening. Now replay the recording, ask the Ss to check what they chose.
Answers: 1) a; 2) b; 3) a; 4) b; 5) a.
Pronunciation
At first, organize the Ss to listen to the recording, at the same time, give them the direction to listen and ask them to pay attention to the intonation of Wh-questions and Yes/No questions.
Then play the tape for the class and ask them again
After that, help the Ss to summarize the basic intonation of Wh-questions and Yes/No questions.
Answers: Wh-questions often fall at the end. Yes/No questions often rise.
And then play the tape again and ask the Ss to imitate it.
Finally, give the Ss more sentences to practice.
Homework:
Revise the whole Module 5 and begin to preview Module 6 .
附》关于本单元模块整体备课的特别说明：
本人在本单元模块的整体备课上主要遵循了“创造性、灵活性、有效性”的三大原则，为此，特意对原有教材的编排体系进行了重新整合，同时对原有教学素材进行了灵活取舍。但是，这种整合与取舍不是随意的，主要考虑到以下三个方面因素的制约：第一，为完成应有的教学任务，实际分配到每个单元模块的教学课时一般只有5~6课时；第二，每一课时的信息容量应合乎情理；第三，组合的话题之间有时是出于外在形式的需要，但更多是出于其内在的必然联系（如listening和everyday English之间的组合）。此外，为提高教案的情景化和可操作程度，我适当在教案中加入了一些图片。
需要补充说明一下的是，本教案的阅读课时安排的是两课时，但本教案只体现出了一课时左右的内容，原因在于另一课时主要集中处理阅读课文中的语言知识点，大家都轻车熟路了，没有再累述出来的必要；另外，在处理grammar部分时，我的安排是开始让学生主动体验(experience)和发现(discover)要讲解的grammar, 然后老师集中讲解，在讲解时考虑到平时语法课的实际效果，所以我在这一步骤的教案上主要使用的是汉语。
aim
conclusion
result
method
Test tube holder
Bunsen burner
Test tube课堂导学
文本感知
Ⅰ.
Passage A
1.The first sentence “It is hard to think of a world without metals.” will make us think ______.
A.metals make up the world
B.metals play a greatly important role in the world
C.there would be no world if there were no metals
D.it is difficult for us to live in the world of metals
答案：B
2.The table in the passage is arranged in order of ______.
A.metal kinds
B.reaction activity
C.values of metal
D.the first letter of the words
答案：B
3.An oxide is ______.
A.a new kind of metals
B.a kind of gases
C.a product of reaction
D.a factor of chemical reaction
答案：C
4.The main idea of this passage is about ______.
A.various uses of metals
B.the importance of metals
C.the reaction of metals
D.how to tell metals apart
答案：C
5.According to the table,which metal is most suitable to make our daily kitchenware
A.Zinc.
B.Iron.
C.Copper.
D.Magnesium.
答案:C
Passage B
1.Which is NOT the apparatus that is required in the experiment of “Iron in dry air”
A.Cotton wool.
B.Oil.
C.Iron nails.
D.Test tube holder.
答案：B
2.Which is required as one of the apparatus in the experiment of “Iron in ordinary water”
A.Oil.
B.Cotton.
C.Bunsen burner.
D.Test tube holder.
答案：D
3.The purpose of this experiment is ______.
A.to find out how iron reacts with water and air
B.to find out how important iron is
C.to find out how to do the experiment of iron’s reaction with water and air
D.to find out how to keep iron rustless
答案:D
Ⅱ.CULTURAL CORNER
1.When did Mark Kendon begin to feel interested in Science
A.After he listened to a science lecture.
B.After he heard about Nobel Prize.
C.After he changed to a new school.
D.After he did an experiement in the lab.
答案：C
2.Who do you think played an important part in making Mark Kendon interested in science
A.His parents.
B.The lectures.
C.Nobel Prize winners.
D.His chemistry teacher.
答案：D
3.It seems that Mark Kendon used to love______ classes.
A.language
B.chemistry
C.physics
D.art
答案：A
4.We can see Mark Kendon’s parents ______,when he was determined to go to Ottawa university.
A.were greatly surprised
B.were very proud
C.supported him
D.disliked it
答案：A
5.The best title of this passage is ______.
A.What A Surprise
B.Science Teaching of My New School
C.Science,My New Interest!
D.How To Study Science
答案:C
难句透视
1.It is hard to think of a world without metals.?
很难想像一个没有金属的世界。?
剖析:It是形式主语,真正的主语是to think of...,without metals是表示条件的一个介词短语,作后置定语修饰world。?
2.When we use metals,it is important to know how they react with different substances,for example,water and oxygen.?
使用金属时,要了解金属和不同的物质,例如,水和氧气,如何发生反应,这一点很重要。?
剖析:it是形式主语,to know how...是真正的主语。react with...意为“与……反应”。?
3.The reaction of metals with these ?substances? can be put in order.?
金属与这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。?
剖析:put...into order 用……顺序进行?排列?。?
4.Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top,and the metals that react least at the bottom.?
这里有一个表格。金属反应强的在上面,弱的在底部。?
剖析:Here is...是一个完全倒装结构。用来引出想介绍的内容；with the metals that react most at the top,and the metals that react least at the bottom.是一个with+名词+介词短语作补足语的独立主格结构,作后置定语；that react most和that react least是两个定语从句各自修饰metals。?
5.Below is a description of a simple scientific experiment.?
下面叙述的是一个简单的科学实验。?
剖析:Below is...也是一个完全倒装句式,用来引出即将介绍的内容。?
6.The science facilities are very good,with laboratories that have all the latest equipment.?
这些科研设备非常好,实验室配有最新的设备。?
剖析:facility意为“设备”，常用其复数形式；latest是形容词,意为“最新的”；equipment是不可数名词,意为“设备”。?
7.Our chemistry teacher,Mr Longford,takes us to public science lectures about four times a term,and these are always very interesting,as the lecturers are people who have made real discoveries in their area of science.?
我们的化学老师朗福德先生大约每个学期带我们去听四次大众科学讲座。这些总是很有趣,因为做讲座的人都是在各自的科研领域里真正有所发现的人。?
剖析:four times意为“四次”,表示次数时:一次用once;两次用twice；三次以上用“基数词+times”。 as the lecturers are people who have made real discoveries in their area of science.是原因状语从句,意为“由于……”；make discoveries“有了发现”；in their area of...“在他们……的领域中”。?
8.The fact is,Canada has many first-class scientists.?
事实是,加拿大有许多一流的科学家。?
剖析:The fact is是插入语,从整个句式来看,这个句子也可改为:The fact is that Canada has...;first-class是合成形容词,意为“一流的”。?
9.In the last twenty years,seven Canadian scientists have won the Nobel Prize!?
在过去的二十年里,七个加拿大科学家获得了诺贝尔奖！?
剖析:in the last twenty years,意为“在最近这二十年”,常与现在完成时连用。?
10.I’m becoming more and more interested in physics,and have decided that I want to study it at university.?
我对物理越来越感兴趣,决心到大学学习。?
剖析:要注意:become是瞬间动词,用于进行时态时,表示“逐渐变得……”；more and more 意为“越来越……”。?
11.I’m going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University,as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.?
我打算或者到孟特利尔或者到渥太华大学,因为两个大学都有不错的物理系。?
剖析:either Montreal or Ottawa University由either...or...连接两个并列的宾语；as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments是原因状语从句,意为“由于……”;are supposed to 意为“被认为是……；应当……；理应……”。
要点解读
一、词汇详解
1.expand vi.膨胀；张开,展开;扩大?
【典型例句】?
The population is expanding rapidly.?
人口正在迅猛膨胀。?
The eagle expanded its wings before flying.?
老鹰在起飞前先展开它的翅膀。?
He was trying to expand his business.?
他(当时)正在努力扩展自己的事业。?
【相关链接】?
［派］expansion n.扩大,扩展,膨胀 ?
［反］contract 缩小
单项填空
Finally,reading will and must broaden my sympathies,______ my love for others and set it in action.
A.open
B.expand
C.break
D.share
提示:expand my love在这里是“扩大我的爱”。D项有一定干扰性,share构成share sth.with sb.的句型。句意:最后,读书将会并且一定扩大我的同情心,拓展了对别人的爱并付诸行动中。
答案:B
2.equipment n.设备；装备?
【典型例句】
The complete equipment of the new hospital will take a year.?
把这个新医院的设备配齐要花一年时间。?
The store sells tents and other camping equipment.?
这家商店出售帐篷和其他野营用具。?
【知识小结】?
equipment是不可数名词,常有some,much,a lot of修饰。?
【相关链接】?
equip vt.配备；装备?
Our laboratory is well equipped.?
我们的实验室装备良好。
汉译英
(1)我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。
____________________________________
(2)这个房间装有空调设备。
____________________________________
答案:
(1)Our school has been given some new equipment.
(2)The room is equipped with air conditioning.
3.react vi.反应?
【典型例句】?
Aluminium reacts with steam.?
铝与蒸气发生反应。
Electric charges of the same sign react against one another.?
相同的电荷之间相互排斥。?
The eye reacts to light.眼睛对光起反应。?
Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.?
孩子们倾向于通过违背父母的愿望来反抗父母。 ?
Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.?
恶人有恶报。?
【知识小结】?
react with 与……进行反应?
react to 对……产生反应?
react against 与……排斥；反抗……?
react on/upon 起作用于……?
【相关链接】?
reaction n.反应；reactive adj. 起反应的?
His reaction on this matter is unexpected.?
没料到,他对这件事的反应是这样的。
单项填空
(1)Everyone fails now and then.It’s how you ______that makes a difference in life.
A.do
B.react
C.act
D.forget
提示:句意:每个人都会经常失败。正是你对于失败的反应才使得生命有所不同。
答案:B
英汉互译
(2)—How did your mother react to the news
—She reacted by getting very angry.
____________________________________
(3)观众对这部电影反应强烈。
____________________________________
答案:
(2)你妈妈对这个消息的反应怎样？她的反应是非常生气。
(3)The audience reacted strongly to the movie.
4.boil vt.煮；煮沸
vi. 水的沸腾；开
【典型例句】?
Peter boiled the kettle.
彼得把茶壶里的水烧开了。?
Boil the potatoes for 20 minutes.
把土豆煮20分钟。?
The pot is boiling away on the fire.?
炉子上的水壶正在沸腾。?
【相关链接】?
boiling water 沸腾的水；开水?
boiled water 开过的水；凉开水?
He cooked the pasta in a large pan of boiling water.?
他用一大锅开水煮意大利面食。
汉译英
(1)水沸腾而变成蒸汽。
____________________________________
(2)她不会煮蛋。
____________________________________
答案:
(1)When water boils it turns into steam.
(2)She doesn’t know how to boil an egg.
5.add vt. 加;加起来;添加;补充说
vi. 增添;添加(常与to连用) ?
【典型例句】?
If you add three to seven,you get ten.
3加7等于10。?
The fire is going out;will you add some wood ?
火要灭了,加点柴好吗？ ?
“I always trust you,” he added.?
“我总是信任你,”他补充说。 ?
The little boy can’t add yet.
小家伙还不会做加法。 ?
The news added to his enjoyment.?
这条消息增加了他的快乐。 ?
Add up these numbers for me.
为我合计一下这些数字。 ?
The cost adds up to 10 million yuan.?
成本总计达到一千万元。 ?
【知识小结】?
add A to B 把 A 加到 B 上 ?
add sth./that 补充说 ?
add to 增加 ?
add up 合计 ?
adds up to 总计达到（某个数字）
单项填空
(1)McGrady scored 23 points and David Wesley______19,including several key free throws late,as Houston won its third game.
A.added
B.adding up
C.added to
D.adding up to
提示:句意:麦迪得了23分,大卫·韦斯利又添了19分,包含几个关键的罚球,使得休斯敦火箭队赢得了第三场比赛的胜利。added 19后面省去了to the total score.
答案:A
(2)We had run out of our money at the end of our journey;and the bad weather ______our difficulty.
A.added
B.added to
C.added up
D.added up to
提示:句意:在旅途中,我们用光了钱,糟糕的天气增加了我们的困难。
答案:B
6.keep...out of...把……挡在外面?
【典型例句】?
Shut the windows and keep the cold out.?
把窗子关上,不要让寒气进来。?
Keep the enemy out of the country.?
御敌于国门之外。?
【相关链接】?
keep 构成的短语：?
keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事?
keep awy from 不接近,离开?
keep back 阻止,抑制,隐瞒?
keep sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事?
keep in touch with 与……保持联系?
keep up 保持,维持,继续下去?
keep up with 跟上,不落后?
keep off 不进入
单项填空
（1）His father always keeps him ______,but he won’t listen to him.
A.smoking
B.from smoking
C.to smoke
D.not to smoke
答案：B
（2）Try your best to ______ their quarrel.
A.keep out
B.keep away
C.keep out of
D.keep from
答案：C
（3）They tried to keep ______ the same speed.
A.in
B.on
C.up
D.out
答案：C
7.ordinary adj.普通的；平常的?
【典型例句】?
I think this movie is rather ordinary.?
我想这部电影是相当普通的。?
My father is an ordinary farmer.?
我的父亲是一个普通的农民。 ?
What is ordinary in one place may be very strange in another.?
在一个地方很平常的事,在另一个地方可能很新奇。?
【相关链接】?
ordinary/common/usual的区别:?
ordinary侧重于“平常,平凡,无独特之处”,
common侧重于“普遍的,共同的”,指因很多人或事物共同拥有,比较常见的东西、品质等.
usual侧重于“通常的；常有的；习惯性的” 。
选词填空
ordinary/common/usual
(1)The flower is ______in spring.
(2)I came into the library and sat in his ______ chair.
(3)It’s ______with him to go to work on foot.
(4)In the ______way he would have come with us,but he’s not feeling well.
(5)Snow is ______in cold countries.
(6)He is a(n) ______ looking man but charming in character.
答案:(1)common (2)usual (3)usual (4)ordinary (5)common (6)ordinary
8.form vi.&vt.形成；组成；组织?
【典型例句】?
A cloud of smoke formed over the burning city.?
在燃烧的城市上空形成了烟雾。 ?
A plan began to form in his mind.?
一个计划在他的头脑里形成了。 ?
Group activities help to form a child’s character.?
团体活动对儿童的性格形成有帮助。 ?
I formed an English Club last year.?
我去年组织了英语俱乐部。
汉译英
(1)他已经养成了早起的习惯。
____________________________________
(2)山顶上形成了云。
____________________________________
答案:
(1)He has formed the habit of getting up early.
(2)Clouds are forming on the top of the hill.
9.dissolve vi.&vt. 溶解；分解；分离?
【典型例句】?
Ice dissolved in the warm weather.?
冰在温暖的天气中溶化了。?
They dissolved their marriage.?
他们已解除婚约。?
All his hopes dissolved at the terrible news.?
那个极坏的消息使他的一切希望都破灭了。?
【相关链接】?
dissolve away 溶解掉?
dissolve in溶解入?
dissolve into溶解\到……中,溶(解,化)成
英汉互译
(1)Heat dissolved the candle into a pool of wax in a few minutes.
____________________________________
(2)你应当把药溶解到糖水中,然后让孩子喝掉。
____________________________________
答案:
(1)不到几分钟热就把蜡烛融化成一摊蜡。
(2)You should dissolve the medicine into the sugar water and then let your children drink it.
10.used to 过去常常……?
【典型例句】?
I used to live there when I was a child.?
那是我童年住的地方。 ?
John used to visit his parents once a week when he worked as an assistant in the city.?
约翰在城里当服务员的时候,总是每周去看望父母一次。?
Used you to like opera /Did you use to like opera ?
过去你喜欢歌剧吗 ?
There used to be a church here,usedn’t there ?
过去这里有座教堂,是不是 ?
【知识小结】?
used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事,强调现在不再这样做。其否定式为used not...,可缩写为usedn’t/usen’t,口语中可用didn’t use...。?
【相关链接】?
(1)其他相近的短语?
1)be used to do sth. 被用来做某事?
Wood can be used to make paper.?
木材可以用来造纸。 ?
2)be/get used to sth./doing sth. 习惯于做某事?
He was used to sleeping with the windows open.?
他习惯敞着窗子睡觉。?
(2)used to和would的区别?
used to可指过去的状态或情况,would则不能。?
would表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性,就不能用 would,只能用 used to。?
used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束,would则表示有可能再发生。?
People used to believe that the earth was flat.?
过去,人们总以为地球是扁平的。(现在已不再这样认为)?
He would go to the park as soon as he was free.?
过去,他一有空就去公园。(现在有可能再去)
单项填空
(1)She is shy.She is not used to ______in front of others.
A.praise
B.praising
C.being praised
D.be praised
提示:句意:她很害羞。她不习惯于当众受表扬。根据句意分析is not used to表示“不习惯于……”，to是介词,所以后面要接动名词的被动形式作宾语。
答案:C
(2)As a child,he ______ often go to the seaside watching ships.
A.would
B.used to
C.should
D.is used to
提示:句意:小的时候,他经常去海边看船。此题要用would表示过去的习惯性行为。
答案:A
(3)Don’t make fun of him again;he is no longer what he ______ be.
A.should
B.would
C.used to
D.was used to
提示:句意:不要与他开玩笑了,他已不再是以前的他了。此题要用used to表示过去通常的状态。
答案:C
(4)The key you have just got ______ the front door.
A.is used to opening
B.is used to be opened
C.is used to being opened
D.is used to open
提示:句意:你刚才得到的那把钥匙是用来开前门的。用be used to do表示“被用来做某事”。
答案:D
11.facility n. (常用复数)设备；工具?
【典型例句】?
She had no cooking facilities in the room.?
她房间里没有烧煮设备。?
Are there washing facilities in the school ?
学校里有洗涤设备吗？?
【相关链接】?
facility还可表示“能力;技能”，常与介词in或with连用。?
He has great facility in learning languages.?
他很有学习语言的才能。
英汉互译
(1)在课堂上我们可使用最新的教学?设备?。
____________________________________
(2)Her facility with languages is surprising.
____________________________________
答案:
(1)We can use the latest teaching facilities in classes.
(2)她在语言方面的才能令人吃惊。
12.be supposed to应当；理应;被认为?
【典型例句】?
You are supposed to arrive ten minutes earlier for a party.?
你赴宴时应当提前五分钟到达。 ?
You are not supposed to smoke in this building.?
你不可以在这栋建筑物内吸烟。 ?
I haven’t seen the movie,but it’s supposed to be a very good one.?
我还没有看过这部电影,不过（人们）普遍认为它?不错?。
单项填空
Framton Nuttel was ______ to be ?going? through a cure for his disease,but now he doubted whether this visit to the village would help.
A.ready
B.supposed
C.sure
D.worried
提示:从四个选项判断,这里用be supposed to表示“被期待,应该”,表示作者猜测他到这里来的目的。
答案:B
13.astonish vt. 使吃惊,使惊讶?
【典型例句】?
We were astonished at the news of her sudden death.?
她突然去世的消息使我们震惊。?
The news astonished everybody.?
消息使大家感到吃惊。 ?
It astonished us to hear that you did not received our letter.?
听说你还没收到我们的信,这使我们十分惊讶。 ?
It was an astonishing story.这故事令人惊讶不已。 ?
【知识小结】?
astonish使役动词,它的现在分词和过去分词已转化为形容词。?
astonished adj.感到吃惊的，多叙述人。?
astonishing adj.令人吃惊的，多叙述事。
单项填空
The news ______ us so much that all of us were ______ at it.
A.astonished;astonished
B.astonishing;astonishing
C.astonished;astonishing
D.astonishing;astonished
提示:句意:这条消息使我们大家都吃惊了。我们的确惊呆了。第一个空是谓语,用astonish的过去式；第二个空用过去分词形式表示“感到吃惊”。
答案:A
二、句型剖析?
1.分数作主语时谓语的数?
【典型例句】?
One third of the students don’t know the answer to the question.?
三分之一的学生不知道这个问题的答案。 ?
One third of one’s life is spent on the bed.?
人生的三分之一是在床上度过的。 ?
Three fourths/Three quarters of the watermelon has been eaten up by him.?
四分之三的西瓜都被他吃光了。（即那个西瓜的四分之三） ?
【知识小结】?
当某物的几分之几作主语时,如果此物体本身为可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式,若为可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词则用单数形式。?
【相关链接】?
用法类似的词语还有:?
half,quarter,most,percent,rest等。
汉译英
(1)我们学校1/4的学生英语学得不好。
____________________________________
(2)地球上 96.5% 的水是海洋水。
____________________________________
答案:
(1)One fourth of the students in our school are not good at English.
(2)Ninety-six point five percent of the water on the earth is sea water.
单项填空
(3)About 60 percent of the students ______ from the south,the rest of them ______ from the north and foreign countries.
A.are;is
B.are;are
C.is;are
D.are
提示:分数和rest作主语,谓语的数应与它们后面的名词保持一致。
答案:B
2.the same as...?
【典型例句】?
You are the same person as I want to work with.?
你是我想与之一起工作的那种人。?
Tonna has the same skirt as I.?
汤娜有一件裙子与我的相同。?
The weather proved to be the same as we had expected.?
天气像我们预料的一样。?
【知识小结】?
the same修饰一个名词,或the same本身就是先行词时,后面的定语从句用关系代词as引导,as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。?
【相关链接】?
(1)the same构成的其他句式?
the same with叙述前面的情况也适合于另一个人或事。?
the same to用于祝贺,意为“我也这样祝愿你”。?
(2)the same as和the same that的区别?
the same...as往往强调“相同”,而the same...that则是强调“同一”。?
the same...as所连接的从句可以省略谓语,而the same...that则不能这样省略。例如:?
She gave him the same answer as before,“No”.?
她回答他跟以前一样:“不。”?
This is the same dictionary that I bought last week.?
这部词典同我上星期买的是同一种。
单项填空
(1)Can you imagine the same situation,where one can’t but wait for a rescue,______ we are in now
A.and
B.so
C.as
D.which
提示:句意:你能想像到像我们现在所处的相同的一个情形吗？在这个时候,一个人别无办法只能等着救援。空格处只能填as与前面的the same形成一种习惯搭配。
答案:C
(2)Africans are hard working and try their best to make the world a more peaceful and beautiful one,and it’s ______the Chinese.
A.the same like
B.the same as
C.the same to
D.the same with
提示:句意:非洲人是一个勤劳的民族,他们努力使世界成为一个更加和平、更加美好的世界,中华民族也是同样的。我们常常用the same with叙述前面的情况也适合另一者。
答案：D
3.keep+复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)?
【典型例句】?
They lit a fire to keep themselves warm.?
他们点了一堆火,以便保暖。?
Sorry to have kept you waiting.?
很抱歉,让你久等了。?
We’ll keep you informed.?
我们将随时让你知道情况。?
The rainstorm kept us indoors.?
暴风雨使我们待在家里。?
Once a cold kept him in bed for three days.?
有一次,他得了感冒,使他卧床三天。?
【知识小结】?
keep的意思是“使继续处于某种状态”,后面接复合宾语,复合宾语中的宾语补足语可以是形容词、分词、副词或介词短语。
汉译英
(1)我们应保持教室整洁干净。
____________________________________
(2)坏天气使我们不能出门。
____________________________________
(3)别让我等太久。
____________________________________
(4)班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。
____________________________________
答案:
(1)We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.
(2)The bad weather keeps us inside the house.
(3)Don’t keep me waiting for long.
(4)The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.
三、语法详解?
Grammar Ⅰ 英语倍数表达法
用英语表达“A是B的N倍长(宽,高,大,重等)”,“A比B长(宽,高,大,重等)N倍” 或“A的长度(宽度,高度,大小,重量等)是B的N倍”,可用下列几种句型：?
(1)“A+be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级+as+B”?
His father is twice as old as he.?
他父亲的年纪有他两倍大。 ?
(2)“A+be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than+B ” ?
The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.?
长江差不多比珠江长两倍。 ?
(3)“A+be+倍数+the+计量名词+of+B ” ?
The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.?
新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 ?
(4)“The+计量名词+of+A+be+倍数+that+?of+?B ” ?
The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one.?
新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。 ?
(5)其他?
I’m twice/double his age.?
我的年龄是他的两倍。 ?
The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year.?
与去年相比,该单位职工的收入增加了50%.?
GRAMMAR Ⅱ 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较等级的用法：
（1）双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”的结构表示。?
（2）表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级＋than”的结构表示。?
（３）表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the+比较级（主语+谓语）,the+比较级（主语+谓语）”的结构。?
（4）不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级＋and＋比较级”的结构。?
（5）某些以-or 结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than (如：junior,senior,superior,inferior 等)。
（6）在比较从句中,为了避免重复,我们通常用 that/ those,one/ones 代替前面出现的名词。that 指物,one 既可指人,也可指物；that 可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。?
（7）表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：?
A.A is three (four,ect.) times as big (high,long,wide,ect.) as B.?
B.A is three (four,ect.) times bigger (higher,?longer?,wider,ect.) than B.?
C.A is three (four,ect.) times the size (height,length,width,ect.) of B.?
注意：用times 表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可以用twice 或double。?
（8）表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语（如：even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far,a great deal 等）。?
注意：by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如放在前面,应在中间加“the”。
英汉互译
(1)这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
____________________________________
(2)这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。
____________________________________
(3)The sun is many times the size of the moon.
____________________________________
(4)I’ve paid five times the usual price for the stamp.
____________________________________
答案:
(1)This tree is three times as tall as that one.
(2)This dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.
(3)太阳是月球的许多倍。
(4)我出了5倍于往常的价格买这枚邮票。
单项填空
(5)The wheels of the old wagon are nearly ______ those of a modern car.
A.twice the size of
B.twice size of
C.twice sizes of
D.twice the size of
提示:倍数的其中一种表示法:倍数+the+相关名词。
答案:D
翻译
（6）他比他爸爸高两英寸。
____________________________________
（7）这个练习不比那个练习?简单?。
____________________________________
（8）你今天感觉好些了吗？
____________________________________
（9）他们越谈,越兴奋。
____________________________________
（10）天气变得越来越冷。
____________________________________
（11）这两个岛中较大的岛是大不列颠,它位于爱尔兰岛的东面。
____________________________________
答案：
（6）He is two inches taller than his father.= He is taller than his father by two inches.
（7）This exercise is less easy than that one.= This exercise is more difficult than that one.=This exercise is not so easy as that one.
（8）Are you feeling any better today
（9）The more they talked,the more excited they got.
（10）The weather is getting colder and colder.
（11）The larger of the two islands is Britain,which lies to the east of Ireland.
课文回顾
下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩,仔细阅读,根据原文章内容将其补充完整,并尽量背诵。
Different metals have different ______.When we use metals,it is ______ to know how they ______ with different ______.The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in ______.From the ______,we can find potassium reacts the ______ with oxygen and water while ______ doesn’t react with water.When we ______ calcium in oxygen,it burns to ______ an oxide.
答案:uses；important；react；substances；order；table；most；copper；heat；form?(共24张PPT)
Period 5
Grammar
Degrees of comparison
The tallest man and the shortest man in the world
The Pakistani is four times as high as the Iranian.
Or we can say:
The Pakistani is four times higher than the Iranian.
The Pakistani is four times the height of the Iranian.
0.64m
2.55m
118 years old
12 years old
The old woman is about ten times as old as her granddaughter.
Or we can say:
The old woman is about ten times older than her granddaughter.
The old woman is about ten times the age of her granddaughter.
②倍数+形容词比较级+as …
③倍数+the size ( height, length, weight, width, depth, age) +of …
①倍数（half, double, twice, times…）
+as+形容词+as …
Answer the questions:
2.The men are about 1.7meters tall,and the truck is three and a half times as high as the men,how high is the truck
1.What’s wrong with this sentence
Ball 2 is two times as big as ball 1.
Correct:Ball 2 is twice as big as ball 1.
Ball 2 is two times as big as ball 1.
3.The canna is 10(cm) big,and the king flower is ten times bigger than the canna,how big is the king flower
Discuss in groups of three. Make sentences about the comparative sizes of the pairs. Use the words in the brackets .
Winter in Harbin
Winter in Beijing
-20℃
-5℃
（cold/coldness）
Mount Tai
Mount Qumolangma
1521m
8848m
(high/height)
Diameter (Earth=1)
Jupiter=11
(big/size)
Example:
A: The Yangtze River is about three times as long as the Songhua River.
B: The Yangtze River is about three times longer than the Songhua River.
C: The Yangtze River is about three times the length of the Songhua River.
Mount Tai
Mount Qumolangma
1521m
8848m
(high/height)
A:Mount Qumolangma is about six times as high as Mount Tai.
B:Mount Qumolangma is about six times higher than Mount Tai.
C:Mount Qumolangma is about six times the height of Mount Tai.
Winter in Harbin
Winter in Beijing
-20℃
-5℃
（cold/coldness）
A:Winter is four times as cold in Harbin as in Beijing.
B: Winter is four times colder in Harbin than in
Beijing.
C: Winter in Harbin is four times the coldness of
winter in Beijing.
Diameter (Earth=1)
Jupiter=11
(big/size)
A:Jupiter is eleven times as big as the earth .
B:Jupiter is eleven times bigger than the earth.
C:Jupiter is eleven times the size of the earth.
1.It’s becoming bigger and bigger.
2.She is more and more beautiful.
3.The higher it flies,the smaller it appears.
Answer the questions:
A:Which of these structures is used to say that something is changing
B: Which of these structures is used to say that things change/are changing together
C:Which structures repeat the same adjectives/adverbs
Sentence 1.2.3
Sentence 3
Sentence 1.2
Pair work: Look at the passage and conclude the sentences structure.
In the National Day holidays, I went back to my hometown to see my uncle. He was very happy to see me and said I was growing taller and taller . I was surprised to see that my hometown was getting more and more beautiful and the farmers were richer and richer. Seeing my amazed look ,Uncle smiled and said ,“The more money you make , the more you spend.”After lunch , I decided to return. Uncle asked me to work hard. He said , “The harder you work at your lessons,the better you will do in them.”
more and more+多音节形容词
单音节或多音节形容词/副词的比较级+单音节或多音节形容词/副词的比较级
1).“越来越……”
2).“越……,越……”
The +形容词/副词的比较级+主+谓, the +形容词/副词的比较级
Complete the sentences with the words in the box in suitable comparative forms.
Warm healthy/long more/more more/less big
Example: Air pollution is getting worse and worse.
1. people are, they will live.
2. we recycle, we waste.
3.The planet is getting .
4.According to scientists, the universe is getting a .
5. you practise, fluently you will speak.
6.I found it difficult to sold the problem.
The healthier
the longer
The more
the less
warmer and warmer
bigger
and bigger
The more
the more
more and more
A little taller
Much taller
Any louder
Pair work:Look at these sentences.Underline the comparative expressions and circle the adverbs used to give more information about the comparative expressions.
1.Come a bit closer.
2.We need rather more than that.
3.It weighs a little more than before.
4.It’ll be a lot heavier than magnesium.
5.Is it any heavier
6.We need a piece which is (very) much bigger than that.
a bit
rather
a little
a lot
any
(very) much
程度副词+形容词或副词的比较级.
Pair work:
Fill in the blanks, using much, a little, a lot, a bit, any…
A).Tom has been ill for several days. Is he getting better
any
B).Native speakers speak English faster than I do.
much
C).I weigh heavier than my cousin, but he is stronger than I am.
a bit
a lot
Pair work:Underline the correct expression.
Example: Math is rather/much easier than English.
1.This metal is very much/a bit heavier than steel.
2.Lead is a lot/lots heavier than steel.
3.This chemistry experiment is rather/any complicated.
4.It is a little/lots longer than before.
Group work:Make as many sentences as you can,using degrees of comparison.
Keywords: weight (heavy/strong),
height(tall),
age(old/young),
number(many)
Group work:comment on the fixed expression in English .
A.The bigger, the better.
B.The higher, the fewer.
C.The bigger they are, the harder they fall.
1.PAGE47 Grammar 2:Activity2,4
2.PAGE91 Grammar:Activity1,2
