考点12
定语从句
关系代词引导的定语从句
1．All
of
us
were
so
excited
at
the
news
____we’ll
go
abroad
for
holidays
___we
jumped
with
joy.
A．that;
that
B．what;
and
then
C．what;
that
D．which;
so
2．After
the
flooding,
people
were
suffering
in
that
area,
________
urgently
needed
clean
water,
medicine
and
shelter
to
survive.
A．which
B．who
C．where
D．what
3．The
students
in
Shanghai
are
using
the
same
textbooks
_______
we
are
now
using.
A．as
B．that
C．which
D．whose
4．I’ll
never
forget
the
persons
and
places
_______
I
visited
yesterday.
A．that
B．which
C．where
D．as
5．I
can
never
understand
the
reason
_______
he
explained
to
me.
A．why
B．that
C．when
D．where
6．It’s
such
a
difficult
problem
_______
nobody
can
work
out.
A．as
B．that
C．which
D．so
that
7．Search
engines
search
the
Internet
based
on
the
key
words
you
type
in,
and
choose
such
web
pages
for
you
________
contain
the
words
you
ask
for.
A．where
B．who
C．which
D．as
8．—Who
is
China’s
first
UFC
champion?
—It
is
Zhang
Weili
_______
opponent,
Jessica
Andrade,
was
knocked
out
by
her
within
just
42
seconds.
A．who
B．whom
C．that
D．whose
关系副词引导的定语从句
9．In
the
middle
of
the
lake
_______
a
huge
island,
_______
lives
a
phantom.
A．lies,
where
B．locates,
where
C．stands,
in
which
D．is
situated,
that
10．We
all
have
times
of
insecurity
in
life,
_____
there
is
nothing
to
do
but
bravely
face
the
feelings
of
doubt.
A．which
B．when
C．where
D．that
11．There
are
hundreds
of
scenes
in
English
novels
_______
characters
walk
through
a
landscape
of
fallen
leaves
_________
mirrors
the
feelings
of
the
characters.
A．where;
that
B．that;
when
C．which;
where
D．when;
which
12．People
often
turn
to
china
daily.com.cn_____they’ll
find
valuable
information
regarding
everything
they’ll
be
or
are
going
through.
A．which
B．where
C．when
D．why
13．Mr.
Smith
owned
this
oil
painting
until
the
early
1990
s,
_________he
gave
it
to
his
grandson.
A．which
B．when
C．where
D．who
14．Sales
director
is
a
position
_______
communication
ability
is
just
as
important
as
sale
skills.
A．which
B．that
C．when
D．where
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
15．—This
is
the
refrigerator______
we
had
so
much
trouble.
—Get
someone
to
repair
it
.
A．at
which
B．of
which
C．with
which
D．to
which
16．
______
is
surprising
to
us
is
that
Tom,
for
______
English
was
once
boring,
can
speak
English
fluently
as
though
he
were
a
native
speaker.
A．What;
whom
B．What;
whose
C．It;
whose
D．As;
whom
17．Last
week,
only
two
people
came
to
look
at
the
house,
_______
wanted
to
buy
it.
A．neither
of
them
B．both
of
them
C．none
of
whom
D．neither
of
whom
18．Companies
should
understand
the
risks
_______
they
are
exposed
and
monitor
their
control
environments
adequately.
A．on
which
B．in
which
C．to
which
D．with
which
19．Liberty,
equality,
and
fraternity
are
the
ideals
_______
human
beings
have
been
fighting.
A．to
which
B．against
which
C．with
which
D．for
which
20．My
brother
bought
a
telescope,
______
he
could
study
the
star
in
the
night
sky.
A．of
which
B．through
which
C．in
which
D．on
which
21．The
clever
boy
made
a
hole
in
the
wall,
_____he
could
see
what
was
going
on
inside
the
house.
A．on
which
B．at
which
C．through
which
D．in
which
22．---
Why
does
she
always
ask
you
for
help?
---
There
is
no
one
else
_____
,
is
there?
A．who
to
turn
to
B．she
can
turn
to
C．for
whom
to
turn
D．for
her
to
turn
23．She
showed
the
visitors
around
the
museum,
the
construction
________
had
taken
more
than
5
years.
A．with
it
B．with
which
C．of
it
D．of
which
1．（2020·江苏省高考真题）Many
lessons
are
now
available
online,
from
_____
students
can
choose
for
free.
A．whose
B．which
C．when
D．whom
2．（2020·天津高考真题）Dr.
Rowan,
______
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago,
has
had
to
do
all
his
own
typing.
A．whose
B．of
whom
C．of
which
D．which
3．（2020·天津高考真题）Mr.
Smith
owned
this
oil
painting
until
the
early
1990
s,
____________he
gave
it
to
his
grandson.
A．which
B．when
C．where
D．who
4．（2015·北京高考真题）Opposite
is
St.
Paul’s
Church,
________
you
can
hear
some
lovely
music.
A．which
B．that
C．when
D．where
5．（2016·北京高考真题）I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
________children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
A．whose
B．why
C．where
D．which
6．（2015·四川省高考真题）The
books
on
the
desk,
covers
are
shiny,
are
prizes
for
us.
A．which
B．what
C．whose
D．that
7．（2019·天津高考真题）Their
child
is
at
the
stage
________
she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences.
A．why
B．where
C．which
D．what
8．（2018·天津高考真题）There
was
a
long
wait
at
the
reception
desk,
______
everyone
was
checking
in.
A．why
B．which
C．whom
D．where
9．（2011·天津高考真题）The
days
are
gone
physical
strength
was
all
you
needed
to
make
a
living．
A．that
B．when
C．where
D．which
10．（2018·江苏省高考真题Self-driving?is?an?area?_______China?and?the?rest?of?the?world?are?on?the?same?starting
line.
A．that
B．where
C．which
D．when
11．（2013·山东省高考真题）There
is
no
simple
answer,
________
is
often
the
case
in
science.
A．as
B．that
C．when
D．where
12．（2014·江西省高考真题）Among
the
many
dangers__________
sailors
have
to
face,
probably
the
greatest
of
all
is
fog.
A．which
B．what
C．where
D．when
13．（2011·福建省高考真题）She
has
a
gift
for
creating
an
atmosphere
for
her
students
________
allows
them
to
communicate
freely
with
each
other.
A．which
B．where
C．what
D．who
14．（2019·江苏省高考真题）We
have
entered
into
an
age
_______
dreams
have
the
best
chance
of
coming
true.
A．which
B．what
C．when
D．that
15．（2015·湖南省高考真题）It
is
a
truly
delightful
place,
________looks
the
same
as
it
must
have
done
100
years
ago
with
its
winding
streets
and
pretty
cottages.
A．as
B．where
C．that
D．which
16．（2014·江西省高考真题）It
was
the
middle
of
the
night
my
father
woke
me
up
and
told
me
to
watch
the
football
game.
A．that
B．as
C．which
D．when
17．（2014·四川省高考真题）By
now,
we
have
raised
50.000
pounds
for
the
poor
children,
______
is
quite
unexpected.
A．that
B．which
C．who
D．it
18．（2013·福建省高考真题）The
book
tells
stories
of
the
earthquake
through
the
eyes
of
those
lives
were
affected
A．whose
B．that
C．who
D．which
19．（2014·湖南省高考真题）I
am
looking
forward
to
the
day
________
my
daughter
can
read
this
book
and
know
my
feelings
for
her.
A．as
B．why
C．when
D．where
20．（2014·安徽省高考真题）The
exact
year
_____
Angela
and
her
family
spent
together
in
China
was
2008．
A．When
B．where
C．why
D．which
1．（2020·天津高三三模）5G
is
an
exciting
mobile
technology,
________
will
give
a
massive
boost
to
smart
cities
and
vehicles.
A．where
B．when
C．that
D．which
2．（2020·天津高三三模）The
middle
and
high
school
period
is
a
special
one
for
children,
a
transition
from
children
to
adult,
______
children
tend
to
be
rebellious
(反抗的).
A．when
B．where
C．that
D．of
which
3．（2020·江苏省高三三模）He
pointed
out
such
a
crucial
detail
about
the
experiment
______
we
could
never
neglect.
A．as
B．that
C．where
D．when
4．（2020·吉林省实验高一期中）He
bought
a
new
building
_____top
is
different
from
those
of
the
others
around.
A．what
B．which
C．that
D．whose
5．（2020·江苏省高三模拟）We
all
have
times
of
insecurity
in
life,
_____
there
is
nothing
to
do
but
bravely
face
the
feelings
of
doubt.
A．which
B．when
C．where
D．that
6．（2020·天津耀华中学高一月考）There
are
hundreds
of
scenes
in
English
novels
_______
characters
walk
through
a
landscape
of
fallen
leaves
_________
mirrors
the
feelings
of
the
characters.
A．where;
that
B．that;
when
C．which;
where
D．when;
which
7．（2020·江苏省高三三模）Claims,
if
any,
must
be
made
within
30
days,
_____
no
claims
will
be
accepted.
A．without
which
B．for
which
C．during
which
D．after
which
8．（2020·江苏省扬州中学高三月考）The
president
of
Harvard
pioneered
the
elective
system______
students
were
able
to
choose
their
own
courses
of
study.
A．on
which
B．about
which
C．to
which
D．by
which
9．（2020·南昌市实验中学高二月考）They
overcame
some
difficulties
and
completed
the
work
ahead
of
time,
________
was
something
we
had
not
expected.
A．that
B．which
C．it
D．what
10．（2020·上海理工大学附属中学高一月考）The
reason
_______
he
was
fired
was
_______
he
was
often
late
with
his
work.
A．which;
that
B．that;
because
C．why;
because
D．why;
that
11．（2020·天水市第一中学高一开学考试）They
will
fly
to
South
Africa,
______
they
plan
to
stay
for
half
a
month.
A．when
B．where
C．there
D．which
12．（2020·甘肃省兰州一中高二月考）By
16:30,
______
was
almost
closing
time,
nearly
all
the
paintings
had
been
sold.
A．which
B．when
C．what
D．that
13．（2020·甘肃省兰州一中高二月考）I
have
never
been
to
London,
but
it
is
the
place
________.
A．where
I
would
like
to
visit
B．I
most
want
to
visit
C．in
which
I
want
to
visit
D．that
I
want
to
visit
it
most
14．（2020·甘肃省兰州一中高二月考）Cancer
has
become
the
top
killer
________
I
think
threatens
the
health
of
millions
of
people.
A．that
B．of
which
C．不填
D．Both
A
and
C
15．（2020·江苏省高三月考）—Have
you
heard
that
our
primary
school
will
be
torn
down
next
year?
—Really?
I
suppose
it
is
such
bad
news
________
most
of
its
former
and
present
students
will
feel
upset
about.
A．that
B．which
C．as
D．what
16．（2020·江苏省海安高级中学高三月考）Dozens
of
individuals
were
given
the
highest
state
honors
in
the
grand
ceremony,
all
of
______
have
made
outstanding
contributions
to
our
nation.
A．whom
B．who
C．which
D．them
17．（2020·江苏省高三二模）Currently
AI
is
used
mostly
in
the
tech
industry,
________
it
has
created
efficiencies
and
produced
new
products
and
services.
A．when
B．about
which
C．where
D．of
which
18．（2020·黑龙江省大庆实验中学高一期中）Tang
said
that
at
the
beginning
of
the
outbreak
of
the
virus,
there
was
a
time
________
they
had
two
or
three
deaths
at
the
hospital
every
day,
________deeply
worried
medics.
A．that;
that
B．which;
when
C．when;
which
D．which;
which
19．（2018·河北省秦皇岛一中高二月考）Luckily,
we’d
brought
a
road
map
without
_____
we
would
have
lost
our
way.
A．it
B．that
C．this
D．which
20．（2020·天水市第一中学高一开学考试）This
phrase
doesn’t
just
describe
work,
but
can
describe
any
situation
______
someone
is
very
busy.
A．where
B．when
C．that
D．which
考点练
1．A
【解析】考查名词性从句和定语从句的用法。句意：当听到我们将去国外度假的消息时，我们大家都如此的兴奋，以至于都欢呼雀跃起来。第一空，这个消息就是即将去国外度假这件事情，它们之间是同位语关系，故用that引导同位语从句。而我们欢呼雀跃的目的是去度假这件事情。第二空考查so
…
that
…“如此……以至于……”。所以用that引导定语从句。故选A。
2．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：洪灾过后，那个地区的人们正在受苦，为了生存，他们急需干净的水、药品和住所。将先行词people代入定语从句后为：people
urgently
needed
clean
water，medicine
and
shelter
to
survive，可知先行词在从句中作主语，所以排除C项；what不能引导定语从句，故排除D项；因为先行词为“人”，所以排除A项。故答案为B项。
3．A
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：上海的学生使用的教科书和我们现在使用的一样。分析句子结构可知，“we
are
now
using”在句中作定语，修饰名词textbooks，先行词textbooks在定语从句中作宾语，textbooks前由the
same修饰，需用关系代词as。故选A。
4．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我将永远不会忘记我昨天去拜访的人和参观的地方。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句关系词，先行词the
persons
and
places在从句中充当宾语，应用关系代词，又先行词有人又有物，应用关系代词that，故选A项。
5．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我不明白他向我解释的原因。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句关系词，先行词reason在从句中充当explain的宾语，应用关系代词which/that，故选B项。
6．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是一个没人可以算出来的困难问题。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句关系词，先行词为problem，被such修饰，且在从句中充当宾语，应用关系代词as，故选A项。
7．D
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：搜索引擎根据你输入的关键词搜索互联网，并为你选择出包含你要求的关键词的网页。在定语从句中，当先行词前有such,
the
same修饰时，关系代词用as,
句中web
pages为先行词，前有such修饰，故选D项。
8．D
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：——谁是中国第一个UFC（无限制格斗）冠军？——是张伟丽，张伟丽的对手杰西卡·安德拉德在42秒内被她击倒。名词Zhang
Weili后接一个定语从句，先行词是Zhang
Weili，指人，在从句中做名词opponent的定语，所以用关系代词whose。故选D项。
9．C
【解析】考查倒装句和定语从句。句意：湖中央有一个巨大的岛屿，里面住着一个幽灵。A.
lies位于；B.
locates使·····安置于；位于；C.
stands位于（某处）；D.
is
situated；situate使位于。表示方位的介词短语In
the
middle
of
the
lake位于句首，句子需要半倒装。分析句子成分可知，分句“_______
lives
a
phantom.”修饰前边的名词island，且有逗号，因此是非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除D；又因先行词island在从句中作主语，where引导定语从句在从句中作状语，也可用介词in
+
which。故排除A，B。C项符合句意和语法。故选C。
10．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在生活中，我们都有心神不定的时候，那时我们什么都不能做，只能面对那种怀疑的感觉。A.
which关系代词；B.
when关系副词；C.
where关系副词；D.
that关系代词。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词times在从句中充当时间状语，应用关系副词when。故选B项。
11．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在英文小说中，有数百个场景中，人物走过一片落叶的风景，这反映了人物的情感。分析可知，第一个空所在句“_______
characters
walk
through
a
landscape
of
fallen
leaves”应为之前名词“scenes（场景）”的定语从句，先行词在从句中担当地点状语，即还原从句为：characters
walk
through
a
landscape
of
fallen
leaves
in
the
scenes(人物在场景中走过一片落叶),
因此应用关系副词where。第二个空所在句“_________
mirrors
the
feelings
of
the
characters.”为之前名词短语fallen
leaves(落叶)的定语从句，先行词在从句中担当主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故选A项。
12．B
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：人们经常访问中国日报网，他们从中可以找到有关他们将会或正在经历的一切有价值的信息。分析句子可知，china
daily.com.cn是先行词，指地点，后接一个定语从句，且定语从句中不缺少句子成分，在从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故选B项。
13．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the
early
1990
s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导，故选B。
14．D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：销售经理是一个交流能力和销售技巧同样重要的职位。本题定语从句的先行词是a
position，后面的定语从句communication
ability
is
just
as
important
as
sales
skills句子结构很完整，故使用关系副词来引导。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故D正确。
15．C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——这就是我们那台老是出问题的冰箱。——找人修一下。短语have
trouble
with
sth,在某事上有麻烦。先行词refrigerator在定语从句中作have
trouble
with的宾语，所以定语从句的关系代词which之前要加上介词with。故选C。
16．A
【解析】试题分析：句意：让我们惊讶的是汤姆对他来说英语曾经是枯燥的，现在可以流利的说英语好像是英国本土的人。通过分析句子结构，可知这个句子中包含一个主语从句，和一个非限制性定语从句。且引导词在主语从句中作主语，表示“什么”的含义，故用what。介词
+
关系代词引导的定语从句，定语从句的主语是English，这里表示“对于某人来说”，需要for的宾语，指人只能用whom。选A。
考点：主语从句和定语从句的考查
17．D
【解析】考查代词和定语从句。句意：上周，只有两个人来看这所房子，他们都不想买。分析句子，前句提到“two
people”表示两个人，故排除C项，none指三者或者三者以上都不。划线前的“逗号”不可同时放下两个简单句。故排除A和B项。再根据定语从句引导词作用之一，连接主从句。且此处表示两者都不。先行词为
two
people
，作of的宾语。关系代词为whom。故选D项。
18．C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：公司应该了解他们所面临的风险，并充分监控他们的控制环境。分析句子，此处考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，介词的选择。从句中的动词expose译为“使…曝光”，根据句意译为“暴露于”为expose…to，是固定搭配。to
可提至关系代词which前。故选C
项。
19．D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自由、平等、博爱是人类一直为之奋斗的理想。分析句子，此处考查介词加关系代词时，介词的选择。从句
fight译为“奋斗”，根据句意译为“为…...奋斗”为fight
for，是固定搭配。for
可提至关系代词which前。故选D项。
20．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我哥哥买了一架望远镜，通过它他可以研究夜空中的星星。介词through
表示“通过/凭借（某种方式/方法）”；短语through
the
telescope意思为“通过望远镜”。分析句子结构，“______
he
could
study
the
star
in
the
night
sky是非限制性定语从句，先行词是a
telescope，指物，作介词through的宾语，因此用“介词through+which”引导非限制性定语从句。故选B项。
21．C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个聪明的男孩在墙上打了个洞，通过这个洞他可以看到房子里发生的事。本句是非限制性定语从句。其中a
hole是先行词，根据语意可知，是指男孩通过这个洞可看到房子里正在发生的事。即through
a
hole。其中的a
hole是先行词，指物，即through
which。which指代的是hole，因此通过这个洞，要用介词through，其它介词in
/on
/at都不对。故选C。
22．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——为什么她总是向你寻求帮助？——这儿没有她能寻求帮助的其他人，不是吗？本题答句省略了that，完整的答句应该是there
is
no
one
else
（that）
she
can
turn
to，is
there？
而turn
to
sb也是固定搭配，意为“向某人寻求帮助”
。而这里的“sb”就是指前面的no
one。故选B项。
23．D
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：她带参观者参观了博物馆，其建设工期花了5年多的时间。分析句子可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，其先行词是museum，在从句中做宾语，且与construction之间是所属关系。故应用of
which。结合选项，故选D。
拓展练
1．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many
lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
2．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr.
Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr.
Rowan’s
”，表示“……的”
，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。
3．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the?early
1990
s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。
4．D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那儿你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句，先行词是St.
Paul’s
Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语，用where。故选D。
5．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常吵闹。a
couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose
children相当于the
children
of
whom，故选A。
【点睛】
定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who,
whom,
whose,
that,
which,
as等）和关系副词（when,
where,
why等）。
1.
关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由等的名词，在从句中作状语。
例如：An
architect
is
a
person
who
/
that
designs
houses
and
buildings.
The
city
where
/
in
which
I
was
born
is
on
the
new
railway
line.
2.
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。注意：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可省略（非限制性定语从句中不可省略）。
例如：I
find
it
difficult
to
cooperate
with
those
who
always
stick
to
their
own
opinions.
I
find
it
difficult
to
cooperate
with
the
one
who
always
sticks
to
his
own
opinion.
The
suit
(which
/
that)
the
tailor
made
for
me
doesn’t
fit
me.
3.
非限制性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that和关系副词why不可用于非限制性定语从句。
4.
作介词宾语的关系代词
在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词的宾语，即“介词+关系代词whom/which”，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。
例如：The
man
with
whom
you
shook
hands
just
now
is
head
of
our
department.
Mrs.
Nye,
with
whom
you
shook
hands
just
now,
is
head
of
our
department.
The
room
in
which
my
family
live
used
to
be
a
garage.
6．C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。分析句子可知，先行词为the
books，和covers之间存在所属关系，所以关系代词为whose。故选C项。
7．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the
stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
8．D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：接待处前排起了常常的队伍，每个人都在登记。分析句子的可知，the
reception
desk为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故选D项。
【点睛】
定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：
(1)
一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。
(2)
二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when,
where,
why。
(3)
三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
分析句子的可知，the
reception
desk为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故选D项。
9．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：身体就是你生存的本钱的日子已经过去了。physical
strength
was
all
you
needed
to
make
a
living是the
days
的定语从句，不缺少主干成分，先行词在从句中做时间状语，故用when来引导。故选B。
10．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in
which。故选B。
点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
11．A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：科学往往如此，它没有一个简单的答案。本题考查定语从句。设空处前有逗号，故判断设空处引导非限制性定语从句。空格处的引导词在从句中作主语，排除C、D两项；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选A。
12．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的是雾霾。由句子意思可分析出，sailors
have
to
face作定语，修饰先行词the
many
dangers，且从句缺少宾语（face...），要用关系代词。因此A选项正确。
【点睛】
本题考查定语从句中which的用法，which所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等也就是说做题时要注意句子中是否缺少主语。宾语等成分，然后判断关系代词，学生要注意分析定语从句在不同情况下的应用，才能面对更多的题型。
13．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她具有给学生创造一种允许他们自由交流的氛围的天赋。分析句子结构可知，定语从句“________allows
them
to
communicate
freely
with
each
other”修饰先行词atmosphere，将先行词代入句后为：The
atmosphere
allows
them
to
communicate
freely
with
each
other.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作主语，而且指代物，所以须用关系代词which，故选A项。
14．C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an
age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。
15．D
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语，所以用关系代词引导。as引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。故选D
考点：考查定语从句关系代词。
【名师点睛】
本题旨在考查定语从句中的关系词，要求学生掌握在什么情况下用关系副词，什么情况下用关系代词以及各自的意义。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,
对其进行修饰,
这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
16．D
【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。句意：我父亲半夜叫醒我，告诉我去看足球比赛。
my
father
woke
me
up
and
told
me
to
watch
the
football
game.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the
middle
of
the
night，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故选D。
17．B
【解析】试题分析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：到现在为止，我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子募捐到了五万英镑，这一点是完全没有预料到的。本句中的关系代词which指代前面主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句；who的先行词必须是人；it不能引导定语从句。故B正确。
18．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：这本书透过生活受到地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。本题的先行词是those表示人，定语从句的主语是lives，与先行词构成所属关系，所以应使用关系代词whose引导。故选A项。
19．C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我一直都在期待着我的女儿能够阅读并理解我对她的感情的那一天。先行词是the
day，后面的定语从句结构非常完整，所以使用关系副词when在句中做时间状语，同时引导这个定语从句。故C正确。
20．D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：安哥拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。
Angela
and
her
family
spent
together
in
China”是定语从句，修饰先行the
exact
year，空处所填词在从句中作spend的宾语，故用关系代词which。故选D。
模拟练
1．D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：5G是一项令人兴奋的移动通讯技术，它将极大地推动智能城市和汽车的发展。5G作为先行词是一个事物，定语从句中又缺主语并且前还有逗号，所以不能用that，只能用关系代词which。故此题选D。
2．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中学时期对孩子来说是一个特殊的时期，它是孩子向成人的过渡时期，在这个时期里孩子比较容易叛逆。本句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词one，指代period，表示时间，在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when。故选A。
3．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他指出有关实验的这样一个我们绝不能忽视的关键细节。根据句意判断先行词为a
crucial
detail在定语从句中作neglect的宾语，且先行词被such修饰，故用关系代词as。故选A项。
4．D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他买了一幢新楼，它的顶部和周围其他的不同。句中包含定语从句，先行词是building，_____top
is
different
from
those
of
the
others
around是定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作top的定语，指楼的顶部，用关系代词whose引导。故选D。
5．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在生活中，我们都有心神不定的时候，那时我们什么都不能做，只能面对那种怀疑的感觉。A.
which关系代词；B.
when关系副词；C.
where关系副词；D.
that关系代词。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词times在从句中充当时间状语，应用关系副词when。故选B项。
6．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在英文小说中，有数百个场景中，人物走过一片落叶的风景，这反映了人物的情感。分析可知，第一个空所在句“_______
characters
walk
through
a
landscape
of
fallen
leaves”应为之前名词“scenes（场景）”的定语从句，先行词在从句中担当地点状语，即还原从句为：characters
walk
through
a
landscape
of
fallen
leaves
in
the
scenes(人物在场景中走过一片落叶),
因此应用关系副词where。第二个空所在句“_________
mirrors
the
feelings
of
the
characters.”为之前名词短语fallen
leaves(落叶)的定语从句，先行词在从句中担当主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故选A项。
7．D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如有索赔，必须在30天内提出，逾期不接受任何索赔。分析句子结构可知，该句逗号之后为定语从句，与前一句有修饰或补充作用，其前主句中30
days为先行词，在后面的定语从句中做介词的宾语，再根据句意可知，其后的定语从句中应用after
which，意为“在此之后/
逾期”，故选D。
8．D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：哈佛大学的校长率先推出了选修课，学生可以选择自己的课程。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词system，且根据此处表示“学生可以借助系统选择自己的课程”，表示“借助”应用介词by，做介词的宾语且指“系统”应用关系代词which。故选D。
9．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们克服了一些困难，提前完成了工作，这是我们没有预料到的。此句的先行词为前面的整个句子，指“他们克服了一些困难，提前完成了工作”这件事，从句缺少主语，指物，应该用which。故选B。
10．D
【解析】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他被解雇的原因是他经常工作迟到。
名词reason作先行词，在后面的定语从句中做原因状语，由why引导定语从句；名词reason作主语，后面的表语从句句意和句子结构完整，所以由that引导表语从句。故选D。
11．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们将飞往南非，计划在那里停留半个月。分析句子可知，空后面的句子为非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词South
Africa，关系词在从句中作地点状语。故选B。
12．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：到16:30，也就是快关门的时候，几乎所有的画都卖完了。此处为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用which引导。when为关系副词；what不能引导定语从句；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选A。
13．B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我从未去过伦敦，但它是我最想去的地方。分析句子可知，本句是一个定语从句，先行词为the
place，从句visit后缺少宾语，所以place作visit宾语，所以关系代词为which或that，且都可以省略。故选B。
14．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我认为癌症已经成为威胁数百万人健康的头号杀手。分析句子可知，I
think
为插入语，可暂且不管；这是一个定语从句，且先行词是top
killer，从句中缺主语，故可用that或which。结合选项，故选A。
15．C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——有没有听说我们的小学明年要被拆除了？——是吗？我想大多数以前和现在的学生知道这个坏消息都会感到伤心难过的。第二个句子中依照句子中的“such”一词可以判定出后面是接“that”或“as”；接着判断后面的句子是否完整，很明显后面的句子“most
of
its
former
and
present
students
will
feel
upset
about.”中about后面没有宾语，故只能用as充当宾语成分从而构成定语从句来修饰前面的“news”一词。如果在后一句中about后接了宾语则需要考虑为“such…that”的结果状语从句，故C项正确。
16．A
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：好几十个人在那场盛大的典礼上给予了最高的国家荣誉——他们都为我们国家贡献了非常卓越的成就。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句的时候，做介词of的宾语且指代人的时候，必须用whom，不能用who，故选C。
17．C
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。句意：目前，人工智能主要用于科技行业，它提高了效率，产生了新产品和服务。根据it
has
created
efficiencies
and
produced
new
products
and
services可知此句是一个非限制性定语从句，且主谓宾结构完整，缺少状语成分，由先行词是the
tech
industry，可知此处要用关系副词where，且where在定语从句中作地点状语。故选C项。
18．C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：唐说，在病毒爆发之初，有一段时间医院每天有2例或3例死亡，这让医生们深深地担忧。第一个空time是先行词，在定语从句中做时间状语，第二个空指代的是前面的医院每天死亡2人或3人，这件事令人担忧，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，不能用that，只能用which。故选C。
19．D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：幸运的是，我们带了一张路线图，没有它我们就会迷路。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词road
map，做介词without的宾语，且指代物品应用关系代词which。故选D。
20．A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个短语不仅可以用来描述工作，还可以用来描述某人非常忙的任何情况。分析句子可知，空后面为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词situation，关系词在从句中做地点状语。故选A。考点12
定语从句
定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。
1.
考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。
2.
考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
关系代词引导的定语从句
who，whom，whose引导的定语从句
1．who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。
2．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of
which代替，指人时可用of
whom代替。
that，which引导的定语从句
1．that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。
2．which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。
3．下列情况只用that不用which：
①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；
②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；
③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；
④先行词被the
only，the
very(正是，恰是)，the
last修饰；
⑤先行词中既有人也有物；
⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法
（1）as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配：the
same
...as
...；such
...as
...；so/as
...as
...
（2）the
same
...as与the
same
...that的区别：
【典例】
1【2020·江苏卷】.Many
lessons
are
now
available
online,
from
_____
students
can
choose
for
free.
A.
whose
B.
which
C.
when
D.
whom
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many
lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
2.
【2018·浙江卷】Many
westerners
______
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
3.【2018·天津】2.
Kae,
_________sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
A.
whom
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
4.【2013·广东卷】Nick’s
guests,_______
had
heard
their
conversation,
asked
why
they
should
not
buy
sale
more
cheaply
if
they
could.
【答案】who
【解析】考查相连接代词词的用法，分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，why为定语从句的引导词，表人。句意为：Nick的朋友们碰巧听到了他们的的谈话，他们问为什么父子俩能买到更便宜的盐，却不那么做呢。
5..【2011全国卷I)
31】The
prize
will
go
to
the
writer
________
story
shows
the
most
imagination.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
whose
D.
what
【答案】C
【考点】考查定语从句。
【解析】本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为作者的故事，因此选C。句子的意思是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。
6.【2011全国卷II）7】Ted
came
for
the
weekend
wearing
only
some
shorts
and
a
T-shirt,
______
is
a
stupid
thing
to
do
in
such
weather.
A.
this
B.
that
C.
what
D.
which
【答案】D
【考点】考查定语从句。
【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。
关系副词引导的定语从句
常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语)
1.
在口语和非正式场合,
when,
where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词＋which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。
2．当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。
3.why或that引导的定语从句,
先行词是reason,
且reason又作主句主语时,
表语从句不能用because引导,
而要用that引导。其句型为：The
reason
why...is
that...或The
reason
that...is
that...。
4.“当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。
【典例】
1.
【2020·全国新课标I语法填空】Because
the
moon’s
body
blocks
direct
radio
communication
with
a
probe,
China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
63．
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
【答案】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a
spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
2.【2018·江苏】23.
Self-driving?is?an?area?_______
China?and?the?rest?of?the?world?are?on?the?same?starting
line.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in
which。故选B。
3.【2016·天津】9.
We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
____
the
weather
may
be
better.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next
week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。
4.
[2015·广东卷]When
harvest
came
around,
he
was
already
selling
herbs,
vegetables
and
cotton
in
the
market
____
people
from
the
towns
met
regularly.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句的连接词。句中的in
the
market是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用引导词where。
5.【2015·北京】24.Opposite
is
St.Paul's
Church,___you
can
hear
some
lovely
music.
A.
which
B.that
C.when
D.where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St.
Paul’s
Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句常见的几种结构：
（1）介词＋关系代词
（2）名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词
（3）形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词
（4）介词＋关系代词＋名词
＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用
1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词
与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。
2.
表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等。代词或数词的前、后可以用of
which/whom。
3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
of
whom,
of
which与whose的用法解析。
1.
whose的用法
①whose引导定语从句,
后应紧跟名词,
构成名词短语。
②whose引导定语从句时,
先行词既可指人,
也可指物。
③whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语,
可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间。
在whose引导的定语从句中,
可用of
which代替whose,
但词序不同,
即“whose＋名词＝the＋名词
of＋which”；而用of
whom代替时只能指人,
有时可以与whose互换。
2.
下列情况只用of
which或of
whom,
而不用whose引导定语从句。
①定语从句的主语是some,
many,
few,
little,
much,
most等词时,
用of
which/whom,
不用
whose。
【典例】
1.【2016·江苏】23.Many
young
people,
most
______were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
A.
of
which
B.
of
them
C.
of
whom
D.
of
those
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many
young
people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C正确。
2.This
is
the
building
_______
the
windows
have
been
painted
green.
A．whose
B．that
C．which
D．of
which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这就是窗户被漆成绿色的那幢大楼。此处building作先行词，指物，介词后面，指物用which引导定语从句，该句中of是介词，故选D项。
3.He
has
many
books,
are
written
in
English.
A．most
of
them
B．most
of
whom
C．most
of
which
D．most
of
those
【答案】
C
【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意：他有许多书，大部分是用英语写的。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词book，且做介词of的宾语，指物应用关系代词which。故选C。
4.The
professor
always
spends
the
whole
day
in
the
bookshop_____
he
bought
the
dictionary.
A．on
which
B．to
which
C．in
which
D．for
which
【答案】
C
【解析】句意：这个教授经常花一整天的时间在他买字典的那个书店。这是一个定语从句，先行词为the
bookshop，在从句中作地点状语，并且表达“在书店”应在the
bookstore
前加介词in。从句部分完整的表述为he
bought
the
dictionary
in
the
bookshop.故选C。
5．I
was
surprised
that
he
didn’t
like
the
way
______
I
solved
the
problem.
A．in
which
B．which
C．on
which
D．as
【答案】
A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我很惊讶，他不喜欢我解决问题的方法。本句为定语从句修饰先行词the
way，且当“way”表示“方式、方法”，the
way在句中作先行词，后被一个定语从句修饰时，引导定语从句可用that，也可用in
which，或什么都不用。故选A。
