考点16
阅读理解之记叙文
记叙文类从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解故事或事情的始末。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
对阅读理解记叙文的阅读应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；（2）若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是
＂逸闻趣事＂，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧具体如下：
No.1
顺藤摸瓜
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what,
who,
when,
where,
why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
No.2
左顾右盼
在做题过程中，要在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子可能性不大。所以，就需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
No.3
刨根问底
如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如＂What
can
be
inferred
from
…?＂或是What
does
the
author
imply
in…?＂之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
No.4
拨云见日
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。
（2020
?
江苏卷，A）
（2020·江苏卷）A
Some
important
dates
in
China’s
fighting
Covid-19
before
May
7,2020
Jan
20,
2020~
Feb
20,2020
Jan
23:
Wuhan
declared
temporary
outbound
(向外的)
traffic
restrictions.Jan
24:
National
medical
teams
began
to
be
sent
to
Hubei
and
wuhan.Jan
27:
The
Central
Steering
(指导)
Group
arrived
in
Wuhan.Feb
18:
The
daily
number
of
newly
cured
and
discharged
(出院)
patients
exceeded
that
of
the
newly
confirmed
cases.
Feb
21,
2020~
Mar
17,2020
Feb
21:
Most
provinces
and
equivalent
administrative
units
started
to
lower
their
public
health
emergency
response
level.Feb
24:
The
WHO-China
Joint
Mission
on
Covid-19
held
a
press
conference
in
Beijing.Mar
11-17:
The
epidemic
(流行病)
peak
had
passed
in
China
as
a
whole.
Mar
18,2020
~Apr
28,2020
Apr1:
Chinese
customs
began
NAT
(核酸检测)
on
inbound
arrivals
at
all
points
of
entry.Apr
8:
Wuhan
lifted
outbound
traffic
restrictions.Apr
26:
The
last
Covid-19
patient
in
Wuhan
was
discharged
from
hospital.
Apr
29,
2020~
May
7,2020
Apr
30:
The
public
health
emergency
response
was
lowered
to
Level
2
in
the
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei
region.May
7:
The
State
Council
released
Guidelines
on
Conducting
Covid-19
Prevention
and
Control
on
an
Ongoing
Basis.
56.
What
happened
between
January
20
and
February
20?
A.
The
Central
Steering
Group
arrived
in
Wuhan.
B.
The
WHO-China
Joint
Mission
on
Covid-19
held
a
press
conference.
C.
The
last
Covid-19
patient
in
Wuhan
was
discharged
from
hospital.
D.
Beijing
lowered
its
emergency
response
level.
57.
From
which
date
were
private
cars
allowed
to
go
out
of
Wuhan?
A.
January
23.
B.
March
11.
C.
April
8.
D.
May
7.
【答案】56.
A
57.
C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了2020年5月7日前，中国抗击新冠肺炎的重要日期。
56.细节理解题。根据表格中Jan20,
2020-Feb
20，2020部分
Jan27:
The
Central
Steering
(指导)
Group
arrived
in
Wuhan.可知，在一月二十号到二月二十号之间，中央领导小组抵达武汉。故选A。
57.推理判断题。根据表格中Mar18,
2020-Apr28,
2020部分Apr
8:
Wuhan
lifted
outbound
traffic
restrictions(4月8日:武汉取消出境交通限制)可推知，从四月八日起，私家车被允许离开武汉。故选C。
（2019
?
全国卷I，B）
For
Canaan
Elementary’s
second
grade
in
Patchogue,
N.Y.,
today
is
speech
day,
and
right
now
it’s
Chris
Palaez’s
turn.
The
8-year-old
is
the
joker
of
the
class.
With
shining
dark
eyes,
he
seems
like
the
kind
of
kid
who
would
enjoy
public
speaking.
But
he’s
nervous.
“I’m
here
to
tell
you
today
why
you
should
…
should…”
Chris
trips
on
the
“-ld,”
a
pronunciation
difficulty
for
many
non-native
English
speakers.
His
teacher,
Thomas
Whaley,
is
next
to
him,
whispering
support.
“…Vote
for
…me
…”
Except
for
some
stumbles,
Chris
is
doing
amazingly
well.
When
he
brings
his
speech
to
a
nice
conclusion,
Whaley
invites
the
rest
of
the
class
to
praise
him.
A
son
of
immigrants,
Chris
stared
learning
English
a
little
over
three
years
ago.
Whaley
recalls(回想起)
how
at
the
beginning
of
the
year,
when
called
upon
to
read,
Chris
would
excuse
himself
to
go
to
the
bathroom.
Learning
English
as
a
second
language
can
be
a
painful
experience.
What
you
need
is
a
great
teacher
who
lets
you
make
mistakes.
“It
takes
a
lot
for
any
student,”
Whaley
explains,
“especially
for
a
student
who
is
learning
English
as
their
new
language,
to
feel
confident
enough
to
say,
‘I
don’t
know,
but
I
want
to
know.’”
Whaley
got
the
idea
of
this
second-grade
presidential
campaign
project
when
he
asked
the
children
one
day
to
raise
their
hands
if
they
thought
they
could
never
be
a
president.
The
answer
broke
his
heart.
Whaley
says
the
project
is
about
more
than
just
learning
to
read
and
speak
in
public.
He
wants
these
kids
to
learn
to
boast(夸耀)
about
themselves.
“Boasting
about
yourself,
and
your
best
qualities,”
Whaley
says,
“is
very
difficult
for
a
child
who
came
into
the
classroom
not
feeling
confident.”
21．What
made
Chris
nervous?
A．Telling
a
story.
B．Making
a
speech.
C．Taking
a
test.
D．Answering
a
question.
22．What
does
the
underlined
word
“stumbles”
in
paragraph
2
refer
to?
A．Improper
pauses.
B．Bad
manners.
C．Spelling
mistakes.
D．Silly
jokes.
23．We
can
infer
that
the
purpose
of
Whaley’s
project
is
to
_________.
A．help
students
see
their
own
strengths
B．assess
students’
public
speaking
skills
C．prepare
students
for
their
future
jobs
D．inspire
students’
love
for
politics
24．Which
of
the
following
best
describes
Whaley
as
a
teacher?
A．Humorous.
B．Ambitious.
C．Caring.
D．Demanding.
【答案】21．B
22．A
23．A
24．C
【解析】本文属于记叙文。文章讲述了纽约一所小学二年级的老师树立信心，看到自己的优点，发起一项总统竞选演讲活动。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段today
is
speech
day和本段最后一句with
shining
dark
eyes,
he
seems
like
the
kind
of
kids
who
would
enjoy
public
speaking.
以及第二段第一句But
he’s
nervous.可知，Chris眼睛黑亮，似乎是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知Chris是因为做演讲紧张，故选B。
22．词义猜测题。根据第二段“I’m
here
to
tell
you
today
why
you
should
…
should…”
Chris
trips
on
the
“-ld,”
a
pronunciation
difficulty
for
many
non-native
English
speakers.以及后文except
for
some
stumbles,
Chris
is
doing
amazingly
well.可知，Chris发ld比较困难，这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难，总体来说Chris做得出奇的好。根据前文可知，ld发音困难，故推知是有些结巴，停顿不准确，故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley
says
the
project
is
about
more
than
just
learning
to
read
and
speak
in
public.
He
wants
these
kids
to
learn
to
boast
about
themselves.以及最后一段“Boasting
about
yourself,
and
your
best
qualities,”
Whaley
says,
“is
very
difficult
for
a
child
who
came
into
the
classroom
not
feeling
confident.”可知，这个课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没有信心的学生来说很困难，故可知Whaley老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势，培养自信，故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley
got
the
idea
of
this
second-grade
presidential
campaign
project
when
he
asked
the
children
one
day
to
raise
their
hands
if
they
thought
they
could
never
be
a
president.和最后一段He
wants
these
kids
to
learn
to
boast
about
themselves.可知，当他有一天问学生认为自己当不了总统请举手的时候，想到了一个想法，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。A.
Humorous幽默的；B.
Ambitious有雄心壮志的；C.
Caring关心的；D.
Demanding要求高的。故选C。
（2019
?
浙江）
???
Zachariah
Fike
has
an
unusual
hobby.
He
finds
old
military（军队的）medals
for
sale
in
antique
stores
and
on
the
Internet.
But
unlike
most
collectors,
Zac
tracks
down
the
medals'
rightful
owners,
and
returns
them.
???
His
effort
to
reunite
families
with
lost
medals
began
with
a
Christmas
gift
from
his
mother,
a
Purple
Heart
with
the
name
Corrado
A.
G.
Piccoli,
found
in
an
antique
shop.
Zac
knows
the
meaning
of
a
Purple
Heart-he
earned
one
himself
in
a
war
as
a
soldier.
So
when
his
mother
gave
him
the
medal,
he
knew
right
away
what
he
had
to
do.
???
Through
the
Internet,
Zac
tracked
down
Corrado's
sister
Adeline
Rockko.
But
when
he
finally
reached
her,
the
woman
flooded
him
with
questions:
"Who
are
you？What
antique
shop?"
However,
when
she
hung
up,
she
regretted
the
way
she
had
handled
the
call.
So
she
called
Zac
back
and
apologized.
Soon
she
drove
to
meet
Zac
in
Watertown,
N.Y.
"At
that
point,
I
knew
she
meant
business,"
Zac
says.
"To
drive
eight
hours
to
come
to
see
me."
???
The
Piccolis
grew
up
the
children
of
Italian
immigrants
in
Watertown.
Corrado,
a
translator
for
the
Army
during
WWII,
was
killed
in
action
in
Europe.
???
Before
hearing
from
Zac,
Adeline
hadn't
realized
the
medal
was
missing.
Like
many
military
medals,
the
one
Zac's
mother
had
found
was
a
family
treasure."
This
medal
was
very
precious
to
my
parents.
Only
on
special
occasions（场合）would
they
take
it
out
and
let
us
hold
it
in
our
hands,"
Adeline
says.
???
As
a
child,
Adeline
couldn't
understand
why
the
medal
was
so
significant.
“But
as
I
grew
older,”
Adeline
says,
"and
missed
my
brother
more
and
more,
I
realized
that
was
the
only
thing
we
had
left."
Corrado
Piccoli's
Purple
Heart
medal
now
hangs
at
the
Italian
American
Civic
Association
in
Watertown.
???
Zac
recently
returned
another
lost
medal
to
a
family
in
Alabama.
Since
he
first
reunited
Corrado's
medal,
Zac
says
his
record
is
now
5
for
5.
（1）Where
did
Zac
get
a
Purple
Heart
medal
for
himself？
A.?In
the
army.???????
B.?In
an
antique
shop.?????
??C.?From
his
mother.???????D.?From
Adeline
Rockko.
（2）What
did
Zac
realize
when
Adeline
drove
to
meet
him？
A.?She
was
very
impolite.?????????????????????????????????????
B.?She
was
serious
about
the
medal.
C.?She
suspected
his
honesty.????????????????????????????
??D.?She
came
from
a
wealthy
family.
（3）What
made
Adeline
treasure
the
Purple
Heart?
A.?Her
parents'
advice.???????????????????????????????????
?B.?Her
knowledge
of
antiques.
C.?Her
childhood
dream.????????????????????????????????????
??D.?Her
memory
of
her
brother.
【答案】
（1）A（2）B（3）D
【考点】人物故事类，记叙文
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述
Zachariah
Fike
从古董店以及网络上弄到旧的军功章并将其归还给它们的主人的故事。
（1）细节理解题。将题干中的?Zac
get
a
Purple
Heart
medal
for
himself
定位在第二段，根据第二句的
he
earned
one
himself
in
a
war
as
a
soldier
可知他在当兵的时候自己在战争中得过一枚。故答案为A。
（2）细节理解题。题干中的
Adeline
drove
to
meet
him
定位在第三段，由
?"At
that
point,
I
knew
she
meant
business,
To
drive
eight
hours
to
come
to
see
me."?可知“她开车8个小时过来看我，不是开玩笑的”。mean
business认真的，与be
serious同意，故答案为B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四、五、六段对奖章的描写可知，Adeline
的哥哥在二战中牺牲了，这枚奖章是她们的传家宝，是她哥哥的唯一的纪念品。故答案为D。
【点评】本文属于故事类阅读，阅读时要通读文章，弄清文章的主旨大意和人物关系。答题时注意问题中的关键词在文章中的准确定位，根据定位查找信息，切忌凭感觉做题。
（2019?浙江）
???
Money
with
no
strings
attached.
It's
not
something
you
see
every
day.
But
at
Union
Station
in
Los
Angeles
last
month,
a
board
went
up
with
dollar
bills
attached
to
it
with
pins
and
a
sign
that
read,
"Give
What
You
Can,
Take
What
You
Need."
???
People
quickly
caught
on.
And
while
many
took
dollars,
many
others
pinned
their
own
cash
to
the
board.
“People
of
all
ages,
races,
and
socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds
gave
and
took,
"said
Tyler
Bridges
of
The
Toolbox,
which
created
the
project.
"We
even
had
a
bride
in
her
wedding
dress
come
up
to
the
board
and
take
a
few
dollars."
Most
of
the
bills
on
the
board
were
singles,
but
a
few
people
left
fives,
tens
and
even
twenties.
The
video
clip（片段）shows
one
man
who
had
found
a
$
20
bill
pinning
it
to
the
board.
???
"What
I
can
say
for
the
folks
that
gave
the
most,
is
that
they
were
full
of
smiles,"
Bridges
said.
"There's
a
certain
feeling
that
giving
can
do
for
you
and
that
was
apparent
in
those
that
gave
the
most."
Most
people
who
took
dollars
took
only
a
few,
but
Bridges
said
a
very
small
number
took
as
much
as
they
could.
???
While
the
clip
might
look
like
part
of
a
new
ad
campaign,
Bridges
said
the
only
goal
was
to
show
generosity
and
sympathy.
He
added
that
he
hopes
people
in
other
cities
might
try
similar
projects
and
post
their
own
videos
on
the
Internet.
???
"After
all,
everyone
has
bad
days
and
good
days,"
he
said.
"Some
days
you
need
a
helping
hand
and
some
days
you
can
be
the
one
giving
the
helping
hand.”
（1）What
does
the
expression
"money
with
no
strings
attached"
in
paragraph
1
mean?
A.?Money
spent
without
hesitation.?
B.?Money
not
legally
made.
C.?Money
offered
without
conditions.???
D.?Money
not
tied
together.
（2）What
did
Bridges
want
to
show
by
mentioning
the
bride?
A.?Women
tended
to
be
more
sociable.??????????
???
B.?The
activity
attracted
various
people.
C.?Economic
problems
were
getting
worse.??????
?
D.?Young
couples
needed
financial
assistance.
（3）Why
did
Bridges
carry
out
the
project?
A.?To
do
a
test
on
people's
morals.?????????????????????
?B.?To
raise
money
for
his
company.
C.?To
earn
himself
a
good
reputation.????????????????
D.?To
promote
kindness
and
sympathy.
【答案】
（1）C（2）B（3）D
【考点】新闻报道类，记叙文
【解析】这是一则新闻报道，讲述在洛杉矶的联合车站，竖起了一块木板，上面钉着一些美钞和一个牌子，上面写着“留下你能给予的，拿走你所需要的。”虽然有很多人拿走了钱，但是还是有人把钱钉在木板上。
（1）词义猜测题。根据下文第二段开头
while
many
took
dollars,
many
others
pinned
their
own
cash
to
the
btoard
可知这个板子的目的是为人们提供爱心交换，需要的从上面拿钱，有富余的可以在上面留钱。这些钱是没有附加条件的。故答案为C。
（2）推理判断题。题干中的bride是
Tyler
Bridges
举的一个例子，为了证明前一句
People
of
all
ages,
races,
and
socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds
gave
and
took，即这个活动吸引了各种年龄、种族和经济背景的人。故答案为B。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中
Bridges
said
the
only
goal
was
to
show
generosity
and
sympathy可知他发起这个活动的目的是让人们展示慷慨和同情。故答案为D。
【点评】这是一篇新闻报道，文章的第一段第三句话就是本文的主题句，阅读时要要弄清新闻的主旨，弄清细节，根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解相关的句子，从而得到需要的答案。考点16
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